A fermented astragalus composite fertilizer and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention proposes a fermented astragalus composite fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite fertilizers. The fermented astragalus composite fertilizer comprises the following components by weight: 50-80 parts of astragalus, 30-35 parts of animal feces, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of microbial agents, 10-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-16 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of borax, 12-15 parts of alginic acid, and 10-15 parts of chitosan. Organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and additives are combined, and the composite fertilizer is prepared by a microbial fermentation method through the synergistic effect between the components. The composite fertilizer has high nutrient utilization efficiency and further improves the yield of rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of compound fertilizers, and in particular relates to a fermented asparagus vetch compound fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern agriculture, the demand for fertilizers is increasing. Traditional single fertilizers can no longer meet the diverse nutrient needs of rice. Therefore, the development of efficient and environmentally friendly compound fertilizers has become one of the important tasks of current agricultural production. Fermented asparagus has received more and more attention due to its rich nutrients and high ecological value. However, most of the asparagus products on the market are single-ingredient fertilizers, lacking the advantages of compound fertilizers; and with the increasing application of chemical fertilizers and the reduction in the use of traditional farmyard manure, problems such as soil compaction and imbalance of nutrients have become increasingly prominent, which has also caused problems such as imbalance of nutrients and a significant reduction in rice yields.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a compound fertilizer that is rich in nutrients, has high fertilizer nutrient utilization efficiency, and is specifically used to increase rice yield, and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a fermented asparagus composite fertilizer and a preparation method and application thereof; organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and additives are combined, and then a microbial fermentation method is adopted to prepare the composite fertilizer, and the nutrient utilization efficiency of the composite fertilizer is improved through the synergistic effect between the components, thereby further improving the rice yield.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention:

[0007] A fermented astragalus composite fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0008] 50-80 parts of astragalus, 30-35 parts of animal excrement, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-16 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of borax, 12-15 parts of alginic acid, and 10-15 parts of chitosan.

[0009] Beneficial effects of the above technical solution: The present invention provides a compound fertilizer specifically used for increasing rice yield, which combines organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and through the synergistic effect between the components, the compound fertilizer has high nutrient utilization efficiency, and does not require topdressing or less topdressing in one-time fertilization. On the basis of improving soil properties, the rice yield is further increased. The components in the compound fertilizer defined in the present invention play the following specific roles:

[0010] As a nitrogen-fixing crop, Chinese asparagus has a high nitrogen content and a high total nutrient content. It does not contain antibiotics and heavy metals and has fewer pathogens. It can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of rice.

[0011] Animal manure, the present invention uses sheep manure or cow manure. Sheep manure contains rich nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, plant cellulose and protein, which can effectively improve soil quality and soil fertility. In addition, sheep manure can also improve soil aeration and drainage, and reduce the crusting phenomenon on the soil surface; cow manure contains a large amount of organic matter and nutrients, which can effectively increase soil fertility, improve soil structure and texture, and can also absorb heavy metals in the soil to purify the soil.

[0012] Humic acid not only interacts with calcium ions in the soil to form a gel, making the soil both water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining, but also improves the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers, and has a synergistic effect on phosphorus fertilizers and potassium fertilizers. Specifically, the acidic functional groups such as aromatic nuclei, hydroxyl groups, and carboxyl groups in humic acid can, on the one hand, react with nitrogen elements in organic fertilizers fermented from astragalus and animal manure to remain in the soil for a long time, decompose and release nitrogen elements for rice absorption; on the other hand, they can react with phosphorus elements in organic fertilizers to increase the activity of phosphorus elements and improve rice's absorption of phosphorus elements; in addition, they can also absorb and store potassium ions to improve their utilization rate.

[0013] Alginic acid, first, can be used as a plant growth regulator to promote plant growth and stress resistance; second, alginic acid, as a kind of high molecular carboxylic acid, can be combined with monovalent cations such as potassium ions in inorganic fertilizers to form water-soluble alginates, which have the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solution, potassium release, and activation of trace elements, which can reduce the loss of nitrogen in compound fertilizers and improve the problem that phosphorus elements are fixed and difficult to use in soil; third, alginic acid can be complexed with mineral elements and used as a synergistic carrier, and play a synergistic role with chitosan to jointly extend the fertilizer effect period of trace nutrients. Therefore, the present invention compounds alginic acid with organic fertilizer (milk vetch and animal feces), inorganic fertilizer and chitosan to synergistically increase the utilization rate of rice to compound fertilizers and improve rice yield.

[0014] Chitosan, on the one hand, can activate the root system, dissolve nutrients and improve the utilization rate of nutrient elements of rice after entering the soil; on the other hand, chitosan can also cooperate with alginate to delay the release of fertilizer and prolong the fertilizer effect.

[0015] Preferably, the following components are included by weight:

[0016] Chinese astragalus 60 parts, animal excrement 32 parts, humic acid 24 parts, microbial inoculant 3 parts, potassium sulfate 11 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 parts, zinc sulfate 2 parts, borax 3 parts, alginic acid 14 parts, chitosan 12 parts.

[0017] Preferably, the animal excrement is cow dung and / or sheep dung.

[0018] Preferably, the microbial agent comprises, by weight: 0.2-1.0 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0019] The second technical solution of the present invention:

[0020] A method for preparing a fermented astragalus composite fertilizer comprises the following steps:

[0021] (1) weighing the above-mentioned components according to their amounts for later use; drying, crushing and sieving the astragalus sinensis, and mixing it with the animal feces to obtain a mixture;

[0022] (2) adding the microbial agent to the mixture, stirring evenly, and performing primary fermentation;

[0023] (3) After the primary fermentation is completed, the humic acid, potassium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax, alginic acid and chitosan are added for secondary fermentation; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented asparagus composite fertilizer is obtained by drying and granulation.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by controlling the fermentation conditions and optimizing the fermentation process, the organic matter is fermented and degraded, and combined with inorganic fertilizers, the quality and utilization rate of the fertilizer are improved, thereby increasing the yield of rice.

[0025] Preferably, the drying temperature in step (1) is 50-60° C.; the Chinese asparagus is dried until the moisture content is 2-4%.

[0026] Preferably, the sieving in step (1) is through a 30-50 mesh sieve.

[0027] Preferably, the fermentation temperature during the initial fermentation in step (2) is 50-55° C., and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.

[0028] Preferably, the fermentation temperature during the secondary fermentation in step (3) is 45-48° C., and the fermentation time is 3-4 days.

[0029] The third technical solution of the present invention:

[0030] Application of a fermented astragalus composite fertilizer in improving rice yield.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0032] (1) The compound fertilizer provided by the present invention combines organic fertilizer (fermented astragalus and animal feces), inorganic fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer) and additives (alginate and chitosan), and improves the nutrient utilization efficiency of the compound fertilizer through the synergistic effect between the components, thereby further increasing the yield of rice.

[0033] (2) The chitosan defined in the present invention can work together with alginic acid to delay the release of fertilizers and prolong the fertilizer effect; that is, the compound fertilizer defined in the present invention only requires one-time fertilization, without the need for topdressing or with less topdressing, thus saving manpower and material resources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0036] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0038] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0039] A fermented astragalus composite fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0040] 50-80 parts of astragalus, 30-35 parts of animal excrement, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-16 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of borax, 12-15 parts of alginic acid, and 10-15 parts of chitosan.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the fermented astragalus sinensis compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0042] Chinese astragalus 60 parts, animal excrement 32 parts, humic acid 24 parts, microbial inoculant 3 parts, potassium sulfate 11 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 parts, zinc sulfate 2 parts, borax 3 parts, alginic acid 14 parts, chitosan 12 parts.

[0043] In some preferred embodiments, the animal manure is cow manure and / or sheep manure.

[0044] In some preferred embodiments, the microbial agent includes, by weight: 0.2-1.0 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0045] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a fermented astragalus composite fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0046] (1) weighing the above-mentioned components according to their amounts for later use; drying, crushing and sieving the astragalus sinensis, and mixing it with the animal feces to obtain a mixture;

[0047] (2) adding the microbial agent to the mixture, stirring evenly, and performing primary fermentation;

[0048] (3) After the primary fermentation is completed, the humic acid, potassium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax, alginic acid and chitosan are added for secondary fermentation; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented asparagus composite fertilizer is obtained by drying and granulation.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: by controlling the fermentation conditions and optimizing the fermentation process, the organic matter is fermented and degraded, and combined with inorganic fertilizers, the quality and utilization rate of the fertilizer are improved, thereby increasing the yield of rice.

[0050] In some preferred embodiments, the drying temperature in step (1) is 50-60° C.; the drying is performed until the moisture content of the astragalus is 2-4%.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments, the sieving in step (1) is through a 30-50 mesh sieve.

[0052] In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation temperature during the initial fermentation in step (2) is 50-55° C., and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.

[0053] In some preferred embodiments, the fermentation temperature during the secondary fermentation in step (3) is 45-48° C., and the fermentation time is 3-4 days.

[0054] All raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, the “parts” used in the embodiments of the present invention are “parts by weight”.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] A fermented astragalus composite fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0059] 50 parts of Astragalus sinensis, 30 parts of sheep manure, 20 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of microbial inoculants, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of zinc sulfate, 1 part of borax, 12 parts of alginic acid, and 10 parts of chitosan.

[0060] The microbial agent includes, by weight, 0.2 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis.

[0061] In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for preparing a fermented Chinese asparagus composite fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0062] (1) weighing the above-mentioned components according to their amounts for later use; drying the astragalus at 50° C. until the moisture content of the astragalus reaches 4%, crushing it, passing it through a 30-mesh sieve, and then mixing it with sheep manure to obtain a mixture;

[0063] (2) adding microbial agents to the mixture, stirring evenly, and performing primary fermentation, i.e., fermenting at 50° C. for 5 days;

[0064] (3) After the primary fermentation is completed, the humic acid, potassium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax, alginic acid and chitosan are added to carry out secondary fermentation at 45° C. for 3 days; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented asparagus composite fertilizer is obtained by drying and granulation.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that

[0067] The formula components of the fermented astragalus compound fertilizer include, by weight, 60 parts of astragalus, 33 parts of sheep manure, 23 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of microbial agent, 11 parts of potassium sulfate, 15 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1.6 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 parts of borax, 14 parts of alginate and 12 parts of chitosan.

[0068] The other components and preparation steps were consistent with those in Example 1.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that

[0071] The formula components of the fermented astragalus compound fertilizer include, by weight, 80 parts of astragalus, 35 parts of sheep manure, 25 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of microbial agents, 12 parts of potassium sulfate, 16 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 3 parts of borax, 15 parts of alginate and 15 parts of chitosan.

[0072] The other components and preparation steps were consistent with those in Example 1.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] The difference from Example 1 is that the animal feces is cow feces, and the other components and preparation steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that

[0077] In the preparation steps of fermented astragalus compound fertilizer, the fermentation temperature in the initial fermentation process of step (2) is 52° C. and the fermentation time is 6 days;

[0078] The fermentation temperature during the secondary fermentation in step (3) is 46° C. and the fermentation time is 4 days.

[0079] The other components and preparation steps were consistent with those in Example 1.

[0080] Example 6

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that

[0082] In the preparation steps of fermented astragalus compound fertilizer, the fermentation temperature in the initial fermentation process of step (2) is 55° C. and the fermentation time is 7 days;

[0083] The fermentation temperature during the secondary fermentation in step (3) is 48°C.

[0084] The other components and preparation steps were consistent with those in Example 1.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add astragalus, and other components and preparation steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example does not add alginic acid, and other components and preparation steps are consistent with Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 3

[0090] Compared with Example 1, chitosan is not added in this comparative example, and other components and preparation steps are consistent with those of Example 1.

[0091] Effect verification

[0092] The compound fertilizers prepared in the above Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used in a rice planting fertilization test. Among them, the fermented asparagus vetch compound fertilizer prepared by the present invention meets the requirements of GB / T 15063-2020.

[0093] Special Youhang No. 2 rice was selected as the test material, and fields in the same area of ​​Fuzhou City, Fujian Province were selected and divided into 9 test fields (corresponding to Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively), and conventional breeding and cultivation experiments were carried out; the field management measures of each test field were consistent;

[0094] The fertilization method is: before planting rice, the compound fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are applied once by furrow application.

[0095] The effects of compound fertilizer application on the Teyouhang No. 2 rice variety in each experimental field were statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0096] Table 1

[0097]

[0098] Conclusion: From Table 1, it can be seen that the yield of the rice variety Teyouhang No. 2 applied with the fermented astragalus compound fertilizer prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention is in the range of 6.2-7.0 t·hm -2 However, the highest yield of rice using the compound fertilizer prepared in Comparative Examples 1-3 was only 3.5 t·hm -2 ; By comparison, it can be seen that the fermented astragalus compound fertilizer prepared in the embodiment of the present invention can significantly increase the yield of the special hang 2 rice. Further, in comparative example 1, astragalus is not added, and the compound fertilizer prepared by the fermented astragalus is used to grow rice, the yield is only 3.0 t·hm -2 The results show that the fermented astragalus melongena of the present invention can provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of rice and increase the yield of rice as an organic fertilizer; in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, no alginate and chitosan were added, and the yield of rice was only 3.5 t·hm -2 and 3.2t·hm -2 This proves that the alginate and chitosan defined in the present invention have a synergistic effect, which can jointly extend the fertilizer effect of the compound fertilizer and promote the efficient utilization of nutrients.

[0099] The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fermented astragalus composite fertilizer, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following components: 50-80 parts of astragalus, 30-35 parts of animal feces, 20-25 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of microbial agent, 10-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 15-16 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-3 parts of borax, 12-15 parts of alginic acid, and 10-15 parts of chitosan; Wherein, the microbial agent comprises: 0.2-1.0 parts of Bacillus megaterium, 0.1-0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and 0.2 parts of Bacillus thuringiensis; The preparation method of the fermented astragalus sinensis compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to their amounts for later use; drying, crushing and sieving the astragalus sinensis, and mixing it with the animal feces to obtain a mixture; (2) adding the microbial agent to the mixture, stirring evenly, and performing primary fermentation; (3) After the primary fermentation is completed, the humic acid, potassium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, borax, alginic acid and chitosan are added for secondary fermentation; after the fermentation is completed, the mixture is dried and granulated to obtain the fermented astragalus composite fertilizer; The fermentation temperature during the initial fermentation in step (2) is 50-55° C. and the fermentation time is 5-7 days; The fermentation temperature during the secondary fermentation in step (3) is 45-48° C. and the fermentation time is 3-4 days.

2. A fermented Chinese astragalus compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following components: Chinese astragalus 60 parts, animal excrement 32 parts, humic acid 24 parts, microbial inoculant 3 parts, potassium sulfate 11 parts, calcium hydrogen phosphate 15 parts, zinc sulfate 2 parts, borax 3 parts, alginic acid 14 parts, chitosan 12 parts.

3. A fermented Chinese astragalus compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying temperature in step (1) is 50-60° C. and the Chinese asparagus is dried until the moisture content of the asparagus reaches 2-4%.

4. A fermented Chinese astragalus compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sieving in step (1) is through a 30-50 mesh sieve.

5. Use of the fermented Chinese astragalus compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in increasing rice yield.

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