An experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining

Abstract

The present invention discloses an experimental device for simulating deep-sea mining multi-condition plumes, including a transparent experimental water pool, a circulating water pool, a sediment material pool, a camera group and a server; the circulating water pool is connected to the experimental water pool and the sediment material pool respectively, the experimental water pool is used for water recycling and flow rate control in the non-static water experiment process, and the sediment material pool is used to pump sediments with a certain flow rate and turbidity into the circulating water pool; the camera group is arranged on the outer circumference of the circulating water pool; the camera group is connected to the server, and the server is connected to the display; a replaceable flexible nozzle and a telescopic turbidity meter are arranged in the experimental water pool. The present invention adopts a modular design, and different equipment combinations can be selected to realize indoor experimental flexible simulation of plumes stirred up by seabed mining in deep-sea mining and plumes returned by sediments, and can carry out deep-sea mining multi-condition and multi-parameter adjustable design experiments; a water flow regulator is arranged to actively and autonomously regulate the inflow of water, which greatly reduces the experimental error.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to a fluid mechanics experimental device, in particular to an experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous depletion of land resources and the huge demand for rare metals in emerging industries such as new energy, the rational development of deep-sea mineral resources is an inevitable choice to promote the sustainable development of people's livelihood, resources, science and technology, and economy in the future. At present, the development of deep-sea mineral resources is still in the offshore trial stage. In the process of moving towards commercialization, there are many opportunities and challenges. Among the many challenges, the study of the generation, diffusion, and deposition mechanism of deep-sea mining plumes is the key to deep-sea mining environmental issues.

[0003] Therefore, the study of plumes is the only way for deep-sea mining to move from experiment to commercialization. Whoever first masters the generation, diffusion, and deposition mechanism of deep-sea mining plumes will seize the opportunity for deep-sea mining commercialization. However, there are still few experimental equipment specifically for deep-sea mining vehicle tracks, collection heads, and sediment return plumes. Patent application number 202221249879.X discloses an experimental device that simulates the environmental impact of deep-sea mining on seabed organisms. However, it has the disadvantages of a single form of disturbance simulation and does not involve detailed solutions for experimental water circulation and quantitative sediment discharge control. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-saving, high-accuracy, and controllable flow rate experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining.

[0005] Technical solution: The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining described in the present invention comprises a transparent experimental water pool, a circulating water pool, a sediment material pool, a camera group and a server; the circulating water pool is connected to the experimental water pool and the sediment material pool respectively, the experimental water pool is used for water recycling and flow rate control in non-static water experiments, and the sediment material pool is used for pumping sediments with a certain flow rate and turbidity into the circulating water pool; the camera group is arranged on the outer circumference of the circulating water pool; the camera group is connected to the server, and the server is connected to the display; a replaceable flexible nozzle and a telescopic turbidity meter are arranged in the experimental water pool.

[0006] Furthermore, the experimental pool includes a tempered glass shell, and a reinforcement frame with a scale is set on the edges of the tempered glass shell; an instrument placement grid plate is set on the top of the tempered glass shell; a power interface and an information integration transmission interface are set on the outside of the tempered glass shell, and a movable underwater equipment placement rod, a removable bottom plate that can change position, and a water inlet flow regulator are set on the inside. The reinforcement frame with a scale not only tightens and strengthens the tempered glass shell, but also provides length information, which makes it easier for the camera group to directly capture the spatial distance information of the plume generation, diffusion, and sedimentation process.

[0007] Furthermore, the movable underwater equipment deployment rod includes a support rod and a suction cup. The two ends of the support rod are tightly attached to or separated from the inner wall of the tempered glass shell through the suction cup. The support rod can be connected to the mining vehicle crawler and the collection head.

[0008] Furthermore, the detachable bottom plate includes a bottom plate body and a lifting ring, which is connected to a winch and can drive the bottom plate body to change position and tilt angle to recover sediments. The lifting ring can be used in conjunction with a cable and a winch to lift and deploy the bottom plate body. On the one hand, the shape and layout of the bottom plate body can be changed to simulate different seabed topography, and on the other hand, the detachable bottom plate can be lifted to facilitate the arrangement and recovery of sediments.

[0009] Furthermore, the inlet water flow regulator includes a slide card, a slide groove, a water pipe fixing ring, and a fastening bolt. The slide card is arranged near the corner of the tempered glass shell, the slide groove is movably connected to the slide card or fixed by a fastening bolt, the water pipe fixing ring is fixedly connected to the slide groove, and the density of the fastening bolt is less than the density of water, so as to realize two water flow adjustment modes, so that the inlet water flow flows closely to the side wall of the experimental water pool and reduces the disturbance to the sediment; the first adjustment mode is to loosen the fastening bolt, and the slide groove slides up and down along the slide card, so as to always keep the inlet water pipe floating on the water surface, so as to reduce the disturbance of the inlet water flow to the sediment; the second adjustment mode is to adjust the slide groove to a preset position, adjust the fastening bolt to tighten the slide groove, so that the inlet water pipe is in a fixed position to deliver water close to the side wall of the experimental water pool, keep a constant flow rate, and reduce the disturbance of the inlet water flow to the sediment; the water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the experimental water pool, connected to the adjustable speed water pump, discharges the water flow, and cooperates to control the flow rate of the water flow in the experimental water pool.

[0010] Furthermore, the circulating water pool includes a water tank shell, a filter screen is arranged in the middle and upper part of the water tank shell, and a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged along the upper and lower parts of the filter screen. The filter screen can filter sediments, so that the water flow at the bottom of the circulating water tank is clean, and the sediments carried in the water flow during the circulation process are prevented from interfering with the experiment.

[0011] Furthermore, the water inlet is connected to the water outlet on the experimental water pool through a pipe cable, an adjustable speed water pump, and a flow-through flow meter, and the water outlet is connected to the water inlet flow regulator of the experimental water pool through an adjustable speed water pump, a flow-through flow meter, and a pipe cable. The adjustable speed water pump pumps out the water flow of the experimental water pool, and the flow rate is observed by the flow-through flow meter, and the adjustable speed water pump is controlled to adjust the pumping speed. The water flow velocity inside the experimental water pool can be adjusted by adjusting the pump speed of the two adjustable speed water pumps, and the clean circulation of the water flow is ensured, which saves water while ensuring the accuracy of the experiment and the adjustability and controllability of the flow velocity variable.

[0012] In order to ensure that the sediment material is uniformly ejected during the entire experiment, the sediment material pool includes a material pool shell, which can be opened or closed; a material agitator is arranged inside the material pool shell, and a power socket is arranged on the outer surface; a sediment discharge port is arranged on the top of the material pool shell, and a sediment feed port is arranged on the bottom. When the sediment material is stirred during the experiment, the top cover is closed to prevent the sediment material from splashing. When the material needs to be replaced, the top cover can be opened for replacement. The power supply is connected to the power socket 33, and the driving motor 322 drives the stirring blade 321 to rotate to prevent sediment deposition, thereby ensuring that the sediment suspension is always uniform during the experiment.

[0013] Furthermore, the material agitator is composed of a stirring blade and a motor, and is bolted to the bottom of the material pool shell to facilitate the cleaning of the sediment material pool and the replacement of the sediment material.

[0014] Furthermore, the sediment material pool is connected to the experimental water pool through an adjustable speed water pump, a flow-through flow meter, a flow-through turbidity meter, a three-way solenoid valve, and a pipe cable. In the initial stage of the plume flow experiment of sediment return, the three-way solenoid valve is connected to the sediment discharge port and the sediment feed port, the adjustable speed water pump is turned on, the flow-through flow meter data is observed, and the sediment pump speed is adjusted to reach the expected pump speed, and then the turbidity value of the sediment turbid liquid of the flow-through turbidity meter is observed to be stable. When the turbidity value is stable, the three-way solenoid valve is adjusted to connect the sediment discharge port and the replaceable flexible nozzle to stably spray out the sediment suspension with a predetermined flow rate and turbidity, so as to avoid the sediment suspension with unstable flow rate and turbidity in the initial stage being pumped into the experimental water pool, causing inaccurate experimental results.

[0015] Furthermore, the telescopic turbidity meter includes a turbidity sensor, a first telescopic rod, a second telescopic rod, and a fixed handle; one end of the second telescopic rod is connected to the fixed handle, and the other end is nested and connected to the first telescopic rod. The first telescopic rod can be telescoped along the second telescopic rod and adjusted to any length to achieve flexible arrangement of the telescopic turbidity meter in the experimental water pool; the first telescopic rod is connected to the turbidity sensor, and the turbidity sensor is connected to the server.

[0016] Furthermore, the fixing handle is a cross-shaped structure, which is fixedly connected to the second telescopic rod, so as to facilitate the flexible fixing arrangement of the instrument placement grid plate on the top of the experimental water pool through rolling bands, etc. The turbidity sensor, the first telescopic rod, and the second telescopic rod of the telescopic turbidimeter are as small in diameter and as rigid as possible to minimize the influence of the rod on the water flow.

[0017] Furthermore, the replaceable flexible nozzle is only involved in the plume flow experiment simulating sediment return, including a connecting flange, a flexible tube, a flexible control rod, a nozzle, a replacement flange, and a replacement bolt. The connecting flange is used to connect with the experimental fixed rod, so that the replaceable flexible nozzle can be placed in the experimental pool as needed. The flexible tube is composed of a bellows and can be extended and rotated under the control of the flexible control rod. The flexible control rod is a flexible material and can be extended and rotated under the control of the controller to drive the flexible tube to move and realize sediment spraying at different depths and directions. The nozzle is connected to the flexible tube by a replacement flange and a replacement bolt, and nozzles of different calibers and shapes can be replaced by replacing the flange and the replacement bolts to conduct variable experiments.

[0018] Working principle: Based on the principle of pressure, a movable underwater equipment deployment rod component is designed. By adjusting the deployment height of the deployment rod, a quantitative pressure is provided to the movable underwater equipment. Based on the principle of buoyancy, an inlet flow regulator component that can autonomously adjust the inlet flow is designed. Under the action of the buoyancy of the water flow, the inlet flow regulator can autonomously remain on the water surface to minimize the disturbance of sediments caused by the water flow. Based on the principle of mass conservation, a water circulation system with controllable flow rate and a sediment spray pump system are designed. The inlet and outlet flow rates are controlled by a flow meter and a turbidity meter with a matching water pump to simulate the flow in actual engineering.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant features:

[0020] 1. The modular design allows the selection of different equipment combinations to achieve flexible indoor simulation of plume-induced deep-sea mining (mining vehicle tracks, collection heads) and sediment return plume, and can conduct modular design experiments with multiple working conditions and adjustable parameters for deep-sea mining;

[0021] 2. The water flow regulator component is set up, which can regulate the water flow in two modes: active and autonomous. This greatly reduces the experimental error caused by the sediment stirred up by the inflow during the experiment;

[0022] 3. Setting up a water circulation system greatly reduces the waste of water during the experiment while ensuring the accuracy of the experiment;

[0023] 4. A sedimentation spray pump system was designed to ensure a stable spray pump with a certain flow rate and turbidity of sediment throughout the entire experimental period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the experimental water pool 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a connection diagram of the mining vehicle crawler 163 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a connection diagram of the collection head 164 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the circulating water pool 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the circulating water pool 2 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a connection diagram of the experimental water pool 1 and the circulating water pool 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the sediment material pool 3 of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a sediment material pool 3 of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material agitator 32 of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable flexible nozzle 8 of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the experimental water pool 1 and the sediment material pool 3 of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic turbidity meter 10 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] like Figure 1The experimental device for simulating deep-sea mining multi-condition plume mainly includes an experimental water pool 1, a circulating water pool 2, a sediment material pool 3, a camera group 4, and a server 5. The experimental water pool 1 is the main experimental simulation and data acquisition module, which is connected to the circulating water pool 2 through a pipe system. The circulating water pool 2 is mainly used for water recycling and flow rate control in non-static water experiments. The sediment material pool 3 is used for deep-sea mining sediment return simulation experiments to pump sediments with a certain flow rate and turbidity. The camera group 4 consists of two groups of cameras, which are distributed on the front and right sides of the experimental water pool 1 and connected to the server 5 to obtain image information of the generation, diffusion and precipitation process of the experimental plume, and generate it on the screen of the server 5 through processing by the server 5. While performing image processing, the server 5 has the ability to process relevant collected information such as turbidity, and can present the collected experimental information on the display 7 connected to the server 5.

[0038] like Figures 2 to 4 The experimental pool 1 includes a tempered glass shell 11, a reinforcement frame 12 with a scale, a top instrument placement grid plate 13, a power interface 14, an information integration transmission interface 15, a movable underwater equipment placement rod 16, a detachable bottom plate 17, a water inlet flow regulator 18, and a water outlet 19. The tempered glass shell is composed of five pieces of tempered glass with good transparency, namely the front, rear, left, right, and bottom, which are bonded to form the main body of the experimental pool 1. The reinforcement frame 12 with a scale plays a role in fastening and strengthening the tempered glass shell 11 on the one hand, and provides length information on the other hand, so that the camera group 4 can directly capture the spatial distance information of the plume generation, diffusion, and sedimentation process. The top instrument placement grid plate 13 is a top placement plate with grid holes, which provides a preset position for the placement of instruments such as turbidity meters and sediment injection heads during the experiment, and can be flexibly placed according to the purpose of the experiment in conjunction with rolling strips. The power interface 14 is used to supply power to the electrical components of the experimental water pool 1. The wiring of the electrical components of the experimental water pool 1 is integrated on the power interface 14 and fixedly installed on the glass plate of the experimental water pool 1 to avoid complicated wiring. The information integration transmission interface 15 integrates the optical fiber cables of the experimental water pool 1 and the signal acquisition and transmission equipment arranged therein, and is connected to the server 5 to facilitate optical fiber deployment and information collection. The movable underwater equipment deployment rod 16 is only involved in the simulation experiment of plume aroused by seabed mining (mining measurement crawler, mining head), and is composed of a support rod 161 and a suction cup 162. It can be deployed in the corresponding spatial position of the experimental water pool 1 according to the experimental requirements. The support rod 161 is used to connect the mining vehicle crawler 163 (such as Figure 3 As shown), the collection head 164 (as Figure 4The suction cup 162 can be attached to the tempered glass shell 11 of the experimental pool 1 to fix the experimental equipment, and the suction cup 162 can be flexibly disassembled and arranged. The detachable bottom plate 17 is placed above the bottom of the experimental pool 1, and is composed of a bottom plate body 171 and a lifting ring 172. It can be lifted and laid out by the lifting ring 172 in conjunction with a cable and a winch. On the one hand, the shape and arrangement of the bottom plate body 171 can be changed to simulate different seabed topography. On the other hand, the arrangement and recovery of sediments can be facilitated by lifting the detachable bottom plate 17. The inlet water flow regulator 18 is composed of a slide card 181, a slide groove 182, a water pipe fixing ring 183, and a fastening bolt 184. The slide card 181 is fixedly connected to the corner of the experimental water pool 1 and vertically penetrates to provide a track for the slide groove 182 to move up and down. The slide groove 182 is close to the corner of the experimental water pool 1 and has a drainage hole at the bottom. The water pipe fixing ring 183 is fixedly installed on the slide groove 182 and is used to tie the water pipe to the slide groove 182. The fastening bolt 184 can be adjusted to fasten the slide groove 182 to the slide card 181 or slide freely along the slide card 181. The overall density of the slide groove 182, the water pipe fixing ring 183, and the fastening bolt 184 is less than that of water, so as to realize two water flow regulation methods, so that the inlet water flow flows close to the side wall of the experimental water pool 1 to reduce the disturbance to the sediment. The first adjustment method is to loosen the fastening bolt 184, slide the chute 182 up and down along the slide card 181, and always keep the water inlet pipe floating on the water surface to reduce the disturbance of the inlet water flow to the sediment. The second adjustment method is to adjust the chute 182 to the preset position, adjust the fastening bolt 184 to tighten the chute 182, so that the water inlet pipe is close to the side wall of the experimental water pool 1 at a fixed position to transport water, keep a constant flow rate, and reduce the disturbance of the inlet water flow to the sediment. The water outlet 19 is set at the bottom of the experimental water pool 1, connected to the adjustable speed water pump, discharges water, and cooperates to control the flow rate of the water flow in the experimental water pool 1.

[0039] like Figures 5-6 The circulating water tank 2 includes a water tank shell 21, a filter screen 22, a water inlet 23, and a water outlet 24. The water tank shell 21 is a water storage frame, and the filter screen 22 is arranged in the middle and upper part of the circulating water tank 2. When the water flow of the experimental water pool 1 enters the circulating water tank 2, the filter screen 22 can filter the sediment, so that the water flow at the bottom of the circulating water tank 2 is clean, and the sediment carried in the water flow during the circulation process is prevented from interfering with the experiment. The water inlet 23 is located at the upper part of the filter screen 22, and receives the water flow discharged from the experimental water pool 1. The water outlet 24 is located at the bottom of the circulating water tank 2, and the clean water flow is input into the experimental water pool 1 to complete the clean circulation of the water flow.

[0040] like Figure 7, the circulating water tank 2 and the experimental water pool 1 are connected by a speed-adjustable water pump 6, a flow-through flow meter 71 and a number of pipes and cables. The water inlet 23 of the circulating water tank 2 is connected to the water outlet 19 of the experimental water pool 1 through the speed-adjustable water pump 6, the flow-through flow meter 71 and the pipes and cables, wherein the speed-adjustable water pump 6 pumps out the water flow of the experimental water pool 1, observes the flow rate through the flow-through flow meter 71, and controls the speed-adjustable water pump 6 to adjust the pumping speed. The water outlet 24 of the circulating water tank 2 is connected to the water inlet flow regulator 18 of the experimental water pool 1 through the speed-adjustable water pump 6, the flow-through flow meter 71 and the pipes and cables, wherein the speed-adjustable water pump 6 pumps out the water flow of the experimental water pool 1, observes the flow rate through the flow-through flow meter 71, and controls the speed-adjustable water pump 6 to adjust the pumping speed. The water flow rate inside the experimental water pool 1 can be adjusted by adjusting the pump speed of the two adjustable speed water pumps 6, and the clean circulation of the water flow is guaranteed, thereby saving water and ensuring the accuracy of the experiment and the adjustability and controllability of the flow rate variable.

[0041] like Figures 8 to 10 The sediment material pool 3 is only involved in the plume flow experiment simulating sediment backflow, and includes a material pool shell 31, a material agitator 32, an electrical socket 33, a sediment discharge port 34, and a sediment feed port 35. The material pool shell 31 is a top cover openable structure. When the sediment material is stirred in the experiment, the top cover is closed to prevent the sediment material from splashing. When the material needs to be replaced, the top cover can be opened for replacement. The material agitator 32 is composed of a stirring blade 321 and a motor 322, which is bolted to the bottom of the material pool shell 31 to facilitate the cleaning of the sediment material pool 3 and the replacement of the sediment material. The power supply is connected to the electrical socket 33, and the driving motor 322 drives the stirring blade 321 to rotate to prevent sediment deposition, ensuring that the sediment suspension is always uniform during the experiment. The sediment discharge port 34 is located at the upper part of the sediment material pool 3, and the sediment feed port 35 is located at the lower part of the sediment material pool 3. The corresponding components cooperate to ensure that the sediment material is uniformly ejected throughout the experiment.

[0042] like Fig.11 The replaceable flexible nozzle 8 is only involved in the plume flow experiment simulating sediment return, and includes a connecting flange 81, a flexible tube 82, a flexible control rod 83, a nozzle 84, a replacement flange 85, and a replacement bolt 86. The connecting flange 81 is used to connect with the experimental fixed rod, so that the replaceable flexible nozzle 8 can be placed in the experimental pool 1 as needed. The flexible tube 82 is composed of a bellows and can be retracted and rotated under the control of the flexible control rod 83. The flexible control rod 83 is a flexible material and can be retracted and rotated under the control of the controller to drive the flexible tube 82 to move and realize sediment spraying at different depths and directions. The nozzle 84 is connected to the flexible tube 82 by a replacement flange 85 and a replacement bolt 86, and nozzles of different calibers and shapes can be replaced by replacing the flange 85 and the replacement bolt 86 to perform variable experiments.

[0043] like Fig.12 The sediment material pool 3, the replaceable flexible nozzle 8 and the experimental water pool 1 are connected by a speed-adjustable water pump 6, a flow-through flowmeter 71, a flow-through turbidity meter 72, a three-way solenoid valve 9 and a plurality of pipes and cables. The sediment outlet 34, the sediment feed port 35 and the replaceable flexible nozzle 8 are connected by a three-way pipe, and the speed-adjustable water pump 6, the flow-through flowmeter 71 and the flow-through turbidity meter 72 are arranged in sequence from the sediment outlet 34 of the sediment material pool 3 to the three-way solenoid valve 9. In the initial stage of the sediment return plume experiment, the three-way solenoid valve 9 is connected to the sediment outlet 34 and the sediment inlet 35, the adjustable speed water pump 6 is turned on, the flow-through flow meter 71 data is observed, and the sediment pump speed is adjusted to reach the expected pump speed, and then the turbidity value of the sediment turbid liquid in the flow-through turbidity meter 72 is observed to see if it is stable. When the turbidity value is stable, the three-way solenoid valve 9 is adjusted to connect the sediment outlet 34 and the replaceable flexible nozzle 8 to stably spray out the sediment suspension with a predetermined flow rate and turbidity, so as to avoid the sediment suspension with unstable flow rate and turbidity being pumped into the experimental water pool 1 in the initial stage, resulting in inaccurate experimental results.

[0044] like Fig.13 The turbidity meter adopts a telescopic turbidity meter 10 to measure the turbidity information of the plume flow in the space of the experimental water pool 1, which includes a turbidity sensor 101, a first telescopic rod 102, a second telescopic rod 103, and a fixed handle 104. The turbidity sensor 101 adopts a drop-in sensor, which is fixedly connected to the first telescopic rod 102. The first telescopic rod 102 can be telescoped along the sleeve of the second telescopic rod 103 and adjusted to any length value to achieve flexible arrangement of the telescopic turbidity meter 10 in the experimental water pool 1. The fixed handle 104 is a cross-shaped structure, which is fixedly connected to the second telescopic rod 103, so as to facilitate flexible fixed arrangement with the top instrument placement grid plate 13 of the experimental water pool 1 through rolling belts, etc. And the turbidity sensor 101, the first telescopic rod 102, and the second telescopic rod 103 of the telescopic turbidity meter 10 are as small in diameter and as rigid as possible to minimize the influence of the rods on the water flow.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining, characterized in that: The invention comprises a transparent experimental water pool (1), a circulating water pool (2), a sediment material pool (3), a camera group (4) and a server (5); the circulating water pool (2) is connected to the experimental water pool (1) and the sediment material pool (3) respectively; the experimental water pool (1) is used for water recycling and flow rate control in a non-static water experiment; the sediment material pool (3) is used for pumping sediments with a certain flow rate and turbidity into the circulating water pool (2); the camera group (4) is arranged on the outer circumference of the circulating water pool (2); the camera group (4) is connected to the server (5), and the server (5) is connected to a display (7); a replaceable flexible nozzle (8) and a telescopic turbidity meter (10) are arranged in the experimental water pool (1); The experimental pool (1) comprises a tempered glass shell (11), wherein a reinforcement frame (12) with scales is arranged on the edges of the tempered glass shell (11); an instrument placement grid plate (13) is arranged on the top of the tempered glass shell (11); a power supply interface (14) and an information integration transmission interface (15) are arranged on the outside of the tempered glass shell (11), and a movable underwater equipment placement rod (16), a removable bottom plate (17) capable of changing position, and a water inlet flow regulator (18) are arranged on the inside; The water inlet flow regulator (18) comprises a slide card (181), a slide groove (182), a water pipe fixing ring (183), and a fastening bolt (184); the slide card (181) is arranged near a corner of the tempered glass housing (11); the slide groove (182) is movably connected to the slide card (181) or fixed by a fastening bolt (184); the water pipe fixing ring (183) is fixedly connected to the slide groove (182); and the density of the fastening bolt (184) is less than the density of water; The replaceable flexible nozzle (8) is only involved in the plume flow experiment simulating sediment return, and comprises a connecting flange (81), a flexible tube (82), a flexible control rod (83), a nozzle (84), a replacement flange (85), and a replacement bolt (86); the connecting flange (81) is used to connect with the experimental fixed rod, so that the replaceable flexible nozzle (8) can be deployed in the experimental pool (1) as needed; the flexible tube (82) is composed of a bellows, and can be extended and rotated under the control of the flexible control rod (83); the flexible control rod (83) is made of a flexible material, and can be extended and rotated under the drive of a controller to drive the flexible tube (82) to move, so as to realize sediment spraying at different depths and directions; the nozzle (84) is connected to the flexible tube (82) by a replacement flange (85) and a replacement bolt (86), and nozzles of different calibers and shapes can be replaced by the replacement flange (85) and the replacement bolt (86) to carry out variable experiments.

2. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable underwater equipment deployment rod (16) comprises a support rod (161) and a suction cup (162); two ends of the support rod (161) are closely attached to or separated from the inner wall of the tempered glass shell (11) via the suction cup (162); and the support rod (161) can be connected to a mining vehicle crawler (163) and a collection head (164).

3. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detachable bottom plate (17) comprises a bottom plate body (171) and a lifting ring (172); the lifting ring (172) is connected to a winch; the lifting ring (172) can drive the bottom plate body (171) to change position and tilt angle to recover sediment.

4. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating water pool (2) comprises a water tank shell (21), a filter screen (22) is arranged in the middle and upper part of the water tank shell (21), and a water inlet (23) and a water outlet (24) are arranged along the upper and lower parts of the filter screen (22) of the water tank shell (21).

5. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 4, characterized in that: The water inlet (23) is connected to the water outlet (19) on the experimental water pool (1) through a pipe cable, an adjustable speed water pump (6), and a flow-through flow meter (71), and the water outlet (24) is connected to the water inlet flow regulator (18) of the experimental water pool (1) through the adjustable speed water pump (6), the flow-through flow meter (71), and a pipe cable.

6. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sediment material pool (3) comprises a material pool shell (31), and the material pool shell (31) can be opened or closed; a material agitator (32) is arranged inside the material pool shell (31), and an electrical connection socket (33) is arranged on the outer surface; a sediment discharge port (34) is arranged at the top of the material pool shell (31), and a sediment feed port (35) is arranged at the bottom.

7. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sediment material pool (3) is connected to the experimental water pool (1) via an adjustable speed water pump (6), a flow-through flow meter (71), a flow-through turbidity meter (72), a three-way electromagnetic valve (9), and a pipe cable.

8. The experimental device for simulating multi-condition plumes in deep-sea mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic turbidity meter (10) comprises a turbidity sensor (101), a first telescopic rod (102), a second telescopic rod (103), and a fixed handle (104); one end of the second telescopic rod (103) is connected to the fixed handle (104), and the other end is nested and connected to the first telescopic rod (102); the first telescopic rod (102) can be telescoped along the second telescopic rod (103); the first telescopic rod (102) is connected to the turbidity sensor (101), and the turbidity sensor (101) is connected to a server (5).

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