High energy consumption hole elastic material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-energy-dissipating porous elastic gel material, comprising a three-dimensional framework and a gel filling the framework; the three-dimensional framework is composed of orderly stacked layers of two-dimensional rigid nanosheets. The orderly stacking of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets gives the gel anisotropy, meaning that during compression, the oriented nanosheet-bound network deforms, causing liquid to be extruded during compression. This liquid extrusion phenomenon is considered an apparent characteristic of the energy dissipation of porous elasticity. This invention also provides a gel-inducing method for the rapid and simple preparation of high-energy-dissipating porous elastic materials, and enables the preparation of nanosheet composite materials with various morphologies and functions using substrates of complex shapes and materials as templates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new materials, and in particular to a high-energy-consuming porous elastic material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Vibration can lead to breakdown or fatigue failure of critical structures and is prevalent in various engineering fields (vehicles, aircraft, electronic equipment, etc.) and biological tissues (articular cartilage, tendons, etc.). For example, the impact energy of strenuous exercise places a huge load on articular cartilage, and overuse can easily lead to arthritis and irreversible damage. Vehicles or aircraft are prone to vibration during operation, causing discomfort or even injury to the human body. To effectively eliminate vibration, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance damping materials that can achieve large energy dissipation under limited deformation to prevent damage to objects. Polymer materials have excellent energy dissipation properties and are commonly used as vibration damping materials. When external forces do work on a material, deformation occurs, which on the one hand changes the conformation of the chain segments, and on the other hand provides the energy needed to overcome the internal frictional resistance of the chain segments during movement. This mechanism of energy dissipation relying on networks is called viscoelastic energy dissipation.

[0003] Hydrogels, composed of cross-linked macromolecules and water, have wide applications in biomedical materials. Viscoelastic energy dissipation is the primary mechanism by which traditional hydrogels dissipate mechanical energy. The viscoelasticity of segments includes the fracture of brittle networks, reversible cross-linking, and convertible domains. However, these methods require large deformations to achieve significant energy dissipation. For example, traditional mono-network hydrogels store elastic energy without hysteresis in their stress-strain curves; only sufficiently large deformations can dissipate energy by breaking network chemical bonds. While the brittle networks of dual-network hydrogels are sensitive to deformation, due to limited energy dissipation during network fracture, they also rely on large deformations for sufficient energy dissipation. Irreversible ionic cross-linking is introduced into dual-network hydrogels, but the improvement is limited, requiring hours or even days for partial or complete recovery.

[0004] Biological tissues and the extracellular matrix provide several energy dissipation mechanisms: viscoelasticity, porosity, and plasticity. Skin and adipose tissue primarily rely on viscoelasticity or irreversible plastic damage to dissipate energy under large deformations. However, articular cartilage mainly relies on porosity for energy dissipation, which is particularly prominent among biomaterials. As a thin tissue at the joint, its ability to dissipate energy within a small deformation range is impressive, capable of withstanding loads several times its body weight in daily life and undergoing millions of cycles annually. Its excellent and versatile properties arise from its multi-level structure. Articular cartilage mainly consists of collagen and glycosaminoglycans, with the remainder being interstitial fluid. The porosity elastic energy dissipation of articular cartilage is attributed to the lateral binding of the network by rigid collagen during compression, resulting in water extrusion during compression and exhibiting significant porosity elastic characteristics, thus achieving efficient energy dissipation.

[0005] Here, we propose an ion diffusion-induced directional gelation method to construct structural energy-dissipating materials with ultra-high porosity and elastic energy dissipation, characterized by reusability and high energy dissipation. Besides its application in hydrogel systems, it can be widely used to prepare highly efficient energy-dissipating gel materials in different solvent systems, with broad application potential, including vehicle shock absorption, spacecraft weight reduction, and biological soft tissue replacement. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a high-energy-dissipating porous elastic material. This material comprises a three-dimensional framework and a gel filling the framework; the three-dimensional framework is composed of orderly stacked layers of two-dimensional rigid nanosheets. The orderly stacking of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets gives the gel anisotropy, meaning that during compression, the oriented nanosheet-bound network deforms, causing the liquid to be extruded during compression. This liquid extrusion phenomenon is considered a characteristic of the energy dissipation of porous elasticity.

[0007] In this application, the volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets is above 10% to ensure sufficient anisotropy.

[0008] As is common knowledge in this field, increasing the proportion of the gel component in a gel can ensure a sufficiently low permeability, i.e., a strong binding effect on the liquid, resulting in a high energy dissipation value. Experiments have shown that when the mass fraction of the gel component is above 10%, the permeability of the gel is sufficiently low (within 10%). -13 m 2 It has a strength of less than / Pa·s.

[0009] In this application, the gel can be a single-component gel or a two-component gel. Generally speaking, two-component gels can form a denser network structure, which is beneficial for reducing permeability.

[0010] In this application, the solvent for the gel is at least one of water and organic solvents to adapt to different usage environments.

[0011] In this application, the two-dimensional nanosheets are alumina nanosheets, glass sheets, or mica sheets.

[0012] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned high-energy-dissipating porous elastic material. The method comprises: dispersing two-dimensional nanosheets and a gel component in water to form an assembly solution, wherein the volume fraction of the two-dimensional nanosheets is less than 20 vol%; placing a substrate capable of releasing charged particles in the assembly solution, and assembling the two-dimensional nanosheets along the surface of the substrate; in the assembly solution, the two-dimensional nanosheets can form electrostatic interactions with the charged particles; the gel component can form a gel under the induction of the charged particles; removing the substrate yields the high-energy-dissipating porous elastic material composed of two-dimensional nanosheets and hydrogel. In this step, the gel component can form a gel under the induction of the charged particles, which allows the diffusion of charged particles and gel formation to be synchronized. The gel interface contains a large number of charged particles, making the interface electrically charged. The interface continuously attracts nanosheets with opposite charges to migrate towards the interface. When the nanosheets are parallel to the gel surface, they have the largest contact area and reach the most stable state; therefore, the nanosheets are oriented parallel to the gel interface. When the nanosheets are in contact with the gel interface and oriented, with further diffusion of charged particles, the nanosheets are fixed, and the charged particles continue to diffuse forward in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, continuing to orient and fix the subsequent nanosheets.

[0013] The substrate for releasing charged particles can be: a metal that releases charged particles in situ through a reaction, or a hydrophilic material that adsorbs charged particles (including water-absorbing materials and hydrophilically modified hydrophobic materials, such as plastics). The charged particles can be: charged ions or charged polymers (polyelectrolytes). For example: cations (Na+, Na ... + Ca 2+ Zn 2+ Ba 2+ Cu 2+ Fe 3+ Al 3+ Zr 4+ At least one of (etc.).

[0014] Since the assembly units are assembled under the influence of charged particles released from the substrate, those skilled in the art can foresee that, in the case of adsorption, the concentration of charged particles adsorbed on the substrate will affect the thickness of the oriented assembly. The higher the concentration of charged particles, the greater the assembly thickness; experiments have shown that ordered assembly can be achieved at a concentration of 0.1 mol / L. Those skilled in the art can adjust the concentration of charged particles adsorbed on the substrate according to the product thickness requirements. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the concentration of charged particles is above 1 mol / L.

[0015] Since the gel formation rate is directly related to the release rate of charged particles from the substrate, experiments have shown that a gel formation rate below 0.2 mm / min ensures effective orientation induction of assembly units. For example, for divalent calcium ions, under adsorption conditions, setting the concentration of charged particles adsorbed on the substrate below 5 mol / L ensures a gel formation rate below 0.2 mm / min; while for trivalent iron ions, under adsorption conditions, setting the concentration of charged particles adsorbed on the substrate below 1 mol / L ensures a gel formation rate below 0.2 mm / min. Those skilled in the art can regulate the concentration of adsorbed charged particles by detecting the gel formation rate, or regulate the electrochemical reaction rate (e.g., current magnitude, targeting the metal releasing charged particles in situ), to achieve the optimal gel-promoting effect.

[0016] In this assembly method, the concentration of the assembly unit is between 0% and 20% vol%. If the concentration is too high, the steric hindrance between the nanosheets will be large, affecting the orientation of the nanosheets in space and reducing the degree of orientation. Those skilled in the art can conveniently and quickly measure the weight of the assembly unit based on the volume content requirement and the formula weight = density * volume. In the embodiments of this invention, all measurements are by weight.

[0017] The gel component is a carboxyl polyelectrolyte, which forms an ionic cross-linked gel through the induction of charged particles, including but not limited to sodium alginate, carboxylated chitosan, and polyurethane. In this invention, the content of the gel component is subject to the following conditions: ① The concentration cannot be too low; otherwise, a gel cannot be formed under the induction of charged particles. A concentration sufficient to form a gel is sufficient to provide force for the assembly of nanomaterials. ② The concentration cannot be too high; otherwise, the viscosity of the assembly solution will be too high, leading to orientation resistance. Generally, the viscosity of the assembly solution should be below 500 mPa·s. Preparing the required concentrations of each component in the assembly solution based on the above two conditions is common knowledge in the art.

[0018] In some preferred preparation methods of the present invention, the organic solvent is also dispersed together with the two-dimensional nanosheets and gel components in water to adapt to different usage environments (for example, when used in harsh environments such as low temperature or high temperature, adding organic solvent can prevent water from freezing or evaporating), and to achieve one-step preparation to avoid the more cumbersome solvent replacement operation.

[0019] In some preferred preparation methods of the present invention, the reinforcing component is dispersed together with the two-dimensional nanosheets and the gel component in water; the reinforcing component and the gel component together form a gel network; the reinforcing component includes gel monomers, gel crosslinking agents, gel promoters, and gel initiators. The addition of the reinforcing component can reduce the permeability of the gel, increase its binding to the solution, and improve energy dissipation during extrusion; these reinforcing components form a gel network together with the aforementioned gel component under light or heat stimulation.

[0020] In some preferred preparation methods of the present invention, the composite material is further subjected to post-treatment to improve the density of the gel and reduce the permeability; the post-treatment method is one or more of initiation polymerization and post-crosslinking treatment.

[0021] In some preferred preparation methods of the present invention, the method further includes: replacing the water in the obtained composite material with an organic solvent. The replacement method may be: filling the gel with other viscous liquids to obtain a high-energy-dissipating porous elastic gel material. The solvent replacement treatment method may be drying the water and then soaking it in a viscous liquid, or directly soaking it in a viscous liquid.

[0022] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0023] 1) The elastic energy dissipation of the pores utilizes the frictional energy dissipation generated by the relative displacement between the liquid and the network, compared to single...

[0024] Network viscoelastic energy-dissipating gels have more efficient energy dissipation properties;

[0025] 2) Viscoelastic energy dissipation often utilizes network-destructive energy dissipation, and can only be used once or requires a long time.

[0026] The pore elastic energy dissipation utilizes the frictional energy dissipation of water, without causing irreversible damage to the network itself, and utilizes the ion osmotic pressure difference to achieve recovery, which has the characteristics of being reusable and rapidly recovering.

[0027] 3) The doping of functional polymers or ions can further broaden the application range of materials;

[0028] 4) Various shapes and materials can be used as templates, and three-dimensional structural designs can be employed to prepare a variety of shapes.

[0029] Oriented nanomaterials with functions. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 a is a scanning electron microscope image of the pure hydrogel in Comparative Example 1 and a magnified view of a portion thereof; Figure 1 b is a scanning electron microscope image and a magnified view of a portion of the nanosheet composite gel from Example 1.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a compression mechanical diagram of pure hydrogel and oriented composite gel.

[0032] Figure 3 SEM images of the hydrogels prepared by gel-induced assembly method, showing their optical and anisotropic properties. In the images, a is the optical image of the composite gel, and b and c are SEM images of the composite gel from different angles.

[0033] Figure 4 a is an optical diagram of water flow in the cross section of the pure hydrogel in Comparative Example 1 under pressure. Figure 4 a is an optical image of water flow in the cross section of the nanosheet composite gel of Example 1 under pressure.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a compression mechanical diagram of the composite gel and cartilage.

[0035] Figure 6 This section compares the energy dissipation protection effects of hydrogels. In this comparison, a is an acrylamide (PAAm) gel, and b is a composite gel.

[0036] Figure 7 This section compares the mechanical and electrical conductivity properties of composite hydrogels and composite ionic liquid gels. In the figure, a is the compressibility graph, and b is the electrical conductivity bar chart.

[0037] Figure 8 The permeability and mechanical properties of calcium alginate, reinforcing component gel, and composite hydrogel are compared. In the figure, a is a permeability bar chart, and b is a compression mechanical properties chart. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be illustrated through the following embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely typical examples of the technology of this invention, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0039] Since the concentration of the assembly unit, the viscosity of the assembly solution, and the concentration of charged particles in the solution adsorbed on the substrate can all be adjusted through simple experiments according to requirements, in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the concentration of the assembly unit is calculated to be between 0 and 20 vol%, the viscosity of the assembly solution is tested to be below 500 mPa·s, the concentration of charged particles adsorbed on the substrate is above 1 mol / L, and the gelation speed is ensured to be below 0.2 mm / min.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] 1) Add 50 parts by weight of alumina flakes, 100 parts by weight of water, and 15 parts by weight of carboxyl poly(p-xylene) to a container.

[0042] The concentration of urethane and alumina sheets is approximately 12 vol%, and the viscosity of the assembly solution is below 500 mPa·s.

[0043] 2) After stirring it evenly, an alumina dispersion is obtained;

[0044] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0045] 4) Immerse the above filter paper in the alumina dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes;

[0046] 5) Filter paper with adhered alumina gel was proposed;

[0047] 6) The above gel was rinsed with plenty of water and soaked for 24 hours to obtain a porous elastic hydrogel. The volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets was measured to be 11.3%, and the permeability of the gel was 2 x 10⁻⁶. -15

[0048] m 2 / Pa·s.

[0049] Comparative Example 1:

[0050] The pure gel sample differs from Example 1 in that nanosheets are not added in step 1. The subsequent preparation method is the same as in Example 1, specifically:

[0051] 1) Add 100 parts by weight of water and 15 parts by weight of carboxylated polyurethane to the container;

[0052] 2) Stir it evenly to obtain a gel dispersion;

[0053] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0054] 4) Immerse the filter paper in the gel dispersion and leave it for 10 minutes;

[0055] 5) Remove the filter paper with the gel adhering to it;

[0056] The above gel was rinsed with plenty of water and soaked for 24 hours to obtain a hydrogel. The permeability of the gel was measured to be 2.2 x 10⁻⁶. -15 m 2 / Pa·s.

[0057] like Figure 1 The images above are electron micrographs of the microstructure of the two gel samples, showing a dense network of gels. Figure 1 a) and the orientation structure of the composite gel ( Figure 1 b).

[0058] like Figure 2By comparing the compression ring properties of the above gels, at a compression rate of 20%, the compression energy consumption of the product in Comparative Example 1 is 1.3 KJ / m. 3 The compression energy consumption of Example 1 is 27.3 KJ / m³. 3 As can be seen, the oriented composite gel with nanosheets (Example 1) exhibits significantly enhanced compressive strength and energy dissipation. Product photos at 20% compression are shown below. Figure 4 a and b; from Figure 4 As can be seen from b, the gel prepared in Example 1 exhibits the characteristics of a porous elastic gel, i.e., water extrusion. In contrast, the pure gel prepared in Comparative Example 1 mainly dissipates energy through viscoelasticity, with only deformation and no water extrusion from the surface. This is mainly because the oriented nanosheets confine the lateral expansion of the gel during compression, causing water to be squeezed out of the network, resulting in greater network frictional energy dissipation. The gel without nanosheet confinement deforms along with the water under pressure, and within a certain deformation range, no water is extruded; energy is dissipated only through the movement of gel chain segments.

[0059] Drop ball protection experiments were conducted on the two gels of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 (steel ball, 256 g, height 25 cm; glass slide size 10 cm * 10 cm * 1 mm). Figure 1 As shown, the glass slide protected by the high-energy-consuming composite gel prepared in Example 1 showed no cracks and the gel itself remained intact. Figure 6 b), while the glass slide protected by the ordinary gel prepared in Comparative Example 1 cracked and the gel itself cracked ( Figure 6 a).

[0060] Example 2:

[0061] This embodiment adds a gel-reinforcing component to Example 1 to further improve performance. Specifically:

[0062] 1) Add 50 parts by weight of alumina flakes, 100 parts by weight of water, and 15 parts by weight of carboxyl poly(p-xylene) to a container.

[0063] Amino esters, 1-30 parts by weight of sodium acrylate (AAcNa, gel comonomer 1), 1-30 parts by weight of acrylamide (AAm, gel comonomer 2), 0.1-1 parts by weight of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS, gel crosslinking agent), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiethylamine

[0064] (TEMED, gel accelerator), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of potassium persulfate (gel initiator)

[0065] 2) After stirring it evenly, an alumina dispersion is obtained;

[0066] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0067] 4) Immerse the above filter paper in the alumina dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes;

[0068] 5) Filter paper with adhered alumina gel was proposed;

[0069] The above gel was placed under a nitrogen atmosphere or between two plates and heated at 50°C for 1 hour. The filter paper was removed, and the gel was then placed in a 0.1 mol / L iron ion solution for 24 hours. It was then rinsed with plenty of water and soaked for 24 hours to obtain a high-energy-consuming porous elastic hydrogel. Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment prepared a large sample, which exhibits the anisotropic structural characteristics of the gel.

[0070] like Figure 5 By comparing the compressive mechanics with that of cartilage, the high-energy-consuming porous elastic hydrogel prepared in Example 2 has mechanical properties comparable to those of cartilage, and is expected to be applied to biological soft assembly replacement.

[0071] Example 3:

[0072] This embodiment improves upon Example 1 by performing solvent replacement to further enhance performance. Specifically:

[0073] 1) Add 50 parts by weight of alumina flakes, 100 parts by weight of water, and 15 parts by weight of carboxyl poly(p-xylene) to a container.

[0074] urethane;

[0075] 2) After stirring it evenly, an alumina dispersion is obtained;

[0076] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0077] 4) Immerse the above filter paper in the alumina dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes;

[0078] 5) Filter paper with adhered alumina gel was proposed;

[0079] 6) Dry the above gel to remove moisture, remove the plastic sheet, and obtain a dry polyurethane composite elastomer;

[0080] 7) The above elastomer was immersed in 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ionic liquid) for 24 hours to obtain a high-energy-consuming polyurethane gel with ionic liquid as the liquid phase, which is the composite ionic liquid gel.

[0081] It has the characteristic of high conductivity and is expected to be applied to biomimetic ion skin.

[0082] like Figure 7(a) By comparing the compression ring properties of the composite ionic liquid gel prepared in this embodiment with those of the composite hydrogel in Example 1, it can be concluded that the composite ionic liquid gel has higher energy dissipation and strength. This is mainly because the viscosity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ionic liquid) is about four times that of water. When extruding such a high-viscosity liquid, more energy is required to dissipate through friction with the gel network. Therefore, the higher the viscosity of the liquid, the higher its energy dissipation.

[0083] like Figure 7 In (b), the gel replaced by 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (ionic liquid) shows a nearly 20-fold increase in conductivity compared to the original hydrogel, for example, due to the introduction of a highly conductive ionic liquid. Simultaneously, the extremely low saturated vapor pressure of the ionic liquid (thermal decomposition temperature 250°C; freezing point -85°C) expands the applicable temperature range of the gel material, avoiding the structural damage caused by high-temperature water loss and low-temperature freezing of hydrogel samples. Those skilled in the art will foresee that the applications of composite gels can be expanded by filling them with liquids of different properties.

[0084] Example 4:

[0085] 1) Add 50 parts by weight of glass slide, 100 parts by weight of water, and 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate to a container.

[0086] 1-30 parts by weight of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, gel comonomer 1),

[0087] 1-30 parts by weight of acrylamide (AAm, gel comonomer 2), 0.1-1 parts by weight of N,N-acetylated acrylamide

[0088] Methacrylamide (BIS, gel crosslinking agent), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl

[0089] The assembly solution was prepared using TEMED (a gel accelerator) and 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of potassium persulfate (a gel initiator). The viscosity of the assembly solution was found to be below 500 mPa·s.

[0090] 2) After stirring it evenly, a glass slide dispersion is obtained;

[0091] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0092] 4) Immerse the filter paper in the glass slide dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes;

[0093] 5) Propose filter paper with glass slide gel adhering to it;

[0094] 6) Place the above gel under a nitrogen atmosphere or between two plates and heat at 50°C for 1 hour. Remove the filter paper, then place the gel in a 0.1 mol / L zirconium ion solution for 24 hours. Rinse with plenty of water and soak for 24 hours.

[0095] High-energy-dissipating porous elastic hydrogels were obtained within hours. The volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets was measured to be 10.2%, and the gel permeability was 10. -14 m 2 / Pa·s.

[0096] Comparative Example 2:

[0097] The pure gel sample differs from Example 4 in that glass slides and reinforcing components are not added in step 1. The subsequent preparation method is the same as in Example 4, specifically:

[0098] 1) Add 100 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate to the container;

[0099] 2) Stir it evenly to obtain a gel dispersion;

[0100] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0101] 4) Immerse the filter paper in the gel dispersion and leave it for 10 minutes;

[0102] 5) Remove the filter paper with the gel adhering to it;

[0103] 6) Remove the filter paper, rinse the gel with plenty of water, and soak for 24 hours to obtain the hydrogel.

[0104] The measured permeability of the gel was 10. -8 m 2 / Pa·s.

[0105] Comparative Example 3:

[0106] The composite gel sample differs from Example 4 in that no glass slide is added in step 1; the subsequent preparation method is the same as in Example 4, specifically:

[0107] 1) Add 100 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of sodium alginate, and 1-30 parts by weight of 2-acryloyl ether to the container.

[0108] Amino-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS, gel comonomer 1), 1-30 parts by weight of acrylamide

[0109] (AAm, gel comonomer 2), 0.1-1 parts by weight of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide

[0110] (BIS, gel crosslinking agent), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyldiethylamine

[0111] (TEMED, gel accelerator), 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of potassium persulfate (gel initiator);

[0112] 2) After stirring it evenly, a composite gel dispersion is obtained;

[0113] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 5 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0114] 4) Immerse the above filter paper in the composite gel dispersion and leave it for 10 minutes;

[0115] 5) Propose filter paper with adhering composite gel;

[0116] 6) Place the above gel under a nitrogen atmosphere or between two plates and heat at 50°C for 1 hour. Remove the filter paper, then place the gel in a 0.1 mol / L zirconium ion solution for 24 hours. Rinse with plenty of water and soak for 24 hours.

[0117] The composite gel was obtained within hours. The permeability of the gel was measured to be 10. -14 m 2 / Pa·s.

[0118] like Figure 8 (a) Even with a low sodium alginate content, the gel permeability is 10 -8 m 2 While permeability can exceed / Pa·s, the dual-network gel (composite gel) also exhibits low permeability through the addition of reinforcing components. For example... Figure 8 (b) Its composite gel also has significant mechanical enhancement and high energy consumption.

[0119] Example 5:

[0120] 1) Add 50 parts by weight of mica sheets, 50 parts by weight of water, 15 parts by weight of polyurethane, and 50 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG molecular weight 100-5000) to a container. Measure the viscosity of the assembly solution to be 500.

[0121] Below mPa·s;

[0122] 2) Stir it evenly to obtain a mica sheet dispersion;

[0123] 3) Take filter paper and adsorb enough calcium chloride solution with a concentration of 3 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0124] 4) Immerse the above filter paper in the mica sheet dispersion and leave it for 10 minutes;

[0125] 5) Propose filter paper with adhering mica sheet gel;

[0126] 6) The above gel was dried to remove moisture, and the plastic plate was removed to obtain a high-energy-consuming polyurethane gel with polyethylene glycol as the liquid phase. The volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets was measured to be 11.4%, and the gel permeability was 10. -14 m 2 With a strength of approximately 100 Pa·s, this high-energy-consuming elastomer is expected to be used for vibration reduction in high-speed railway flooring.

[0127] Example 6:

[0128] 1) Add 100 parts by weight of water to the container, add a certain amount of glass slides so that the volume content of the glass slides is about 20 vol%, and slowly add carboxychitosan while monitoring the viscosity in real time. When the viscosity of the assembly solution is about 500 mPa·s, stop adding carboxychitosan to complete the preparation of the assembly solution.

[0129] 2) Take filter paper and adsorb enough ferric chloride solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L onto the filter paper;

[0130] 3) Immerse the above filter paper in the alumina dispersion and let it stand for 10 minutes;

[0131] 4) Filter paper with adhered alumina was extracted;

[0132] 5) The above gel was rinsed with plenty of water and soaked for 24 hours to obtain a porous elastic hydrogel. The volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets was measured to be 21.4%, and the permeability of the gel was 3 x 10⁻⁶. -16 m 2 / Pa·s.

Claims

1. A high energy consuming bore elastomeric material, characterized in that, The high energy consumption pore elastic material comprises a three-dimensional skeleton and a gel filled in the skeleton; the three-dimensional skeleton is formed by layer-by-layer ordered stacking of two-dimensional rigid nanosheets; the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets are assembled along a substrate surface, and the volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets is above 10%; the high energy consumption pore elastic material is prepared by the following method: The two-dimensional rigid nanosheets and a gel component are dispersed in water to form an assembly liquid, wherein the volume fraction of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets is below 20 vol%; a substrate capable of releasing charged particles is placed in the assembly liquid, and the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets are assembled along the substrate surface; in the assembly liquid, the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets can form electrostatic interaction with the charged particles; the gel component can form a gel under the induction of the charged particles; the substrate is removed, and a composite material composed of the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets and a hydrogel is obtained; the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets are alumina nanosheets, glass sheets or mica sheets.

2. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material of claim 1, wherein, The gel has a dense cross-linked network with permeability of 10 -13 m 2 / Pa·s below.

3. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material of claim 1, wherein, The charged particles are charged ions or charged polymers.

4. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material of claim 3, wherein, An organic solvent is also dispersed in water together with the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets and the gel component.

5. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material of claim 3, wherein, A reinforcing component is also dispersed in water together with the two-dimensional rigid nanosheets and the gel component; the reinforcing component forms a gel network together with the gel component; the reinforcing component comprises a gel monomer, a gel crosslinking agent, a gel promoter and a gel initiator.

6. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that, The gel component is one of sodium alginate, carboxylated chitosan and carboxyl polyurethane.

7. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material according to any one of claim 6, characterized in that, The composite material is also subjected to post-treatment to improve the compactness of the gel and reduce the permeability; the post-treatment method is one or more of polymerization initiation and post-crosslinking treatment.

8. The high energy consuming bore elastomeric material according to any one of claims 6, wherein, The composite material is also subjected to post-treatment to improve the compactness of the gel and reduce the permeability; the post-treatment method is one or more of polymerization initiation and post-crosslinking treatment. The composite material is also subjected to post-treatment to improve the compactness of the gel and reduce the permeability; the post-treatment method is one or more of polymerization initiation and post-crosslinking treatment. The water in the obtained composite material is replaced by an organic solvent.

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