Micro-textured tool ultrasonic vibration cutting area precision cooling and lubricating device and method

Abstract

The application provides a micro-textured tool ultrasonic vibration cutting area precise cooling and lubricating device and method, and relates to the technical field of cooling and lubricating in a cutting process. The device comprises a tool provided with a micro-textured structure, an ultrasonic vibration system for driving the tool to perform ultrasonic vibration, a microscopic injection needle head matched with the micro-textured structure on the tool and used for quantitatively injecting a cooling and lubricating medium into the micro-textured structure of the tool, and an air nozzle used for quantitatively spraying cooling gas to the tool and the set area of a workpiece. When the cutting area is cooled and lubricated, the cooling and lubricating medium is directly injected into the micro-textured structure of the ultrasonic vibration tool, flows into the cutting area and is atomized in a small range, and the air nozzle is used for quantitatively spraying cooling gas to multiple areas of the cutting area, so that the cutting area is partitioned, and real-time, precise and efficient cooling and lubricating are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cooling and lubrication technology in cutting processes, and particularly relates to a device and method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the environmental pollution and health risks associated with using large amounts of cutting fluid for casting-type cooling and lubrication in the machining process have increasingly drawn attention from industry professionals. Therefore, scientists have begun researching technologies such as micro-volume lubrication and cryogenic cutting to replace traditional casting-type cooling and lubrication. Micro-volume lubrication technology uses high-pressure air to atomize a small amount of cutting fluid and spray it into the cutting zone, achieving lubrication and friction reduction on the tool-workpiece and tool-chip contact surfaces. Cryogenic cutting technology uses cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen, critical carbon dioxide, and cryogenic air to cool the machining process.

[0003] Both micro-lubrication and cryogenic cutting technologies can achieve good machining results under certain conditions, but they each have inherent drawbacks. For example, micro-lubrication uses less cutting fluid, resulting in poor cooling of the cutting zone, and the sprayed atomized cutting fluid disperses into the air, seriously threatening the safety of operators and equipment. While cryogenic media such as liquid nitrogen offer excellent cooling effects, their lubrication performance is insufficient, leading to severe tool wear, and liquid nitrogen is relatively expensive. Furthermore, both technologies share the challenge of a closed cutting zone and low utilization of cooling and lubricating media. Using micro-textured tools and ultrasonic vibration cutting during the cutting process can open up the closed cutting zone and improve the utilization rate of cooling and lubricating media.

[0004] Research on coupled technologies such as ultrasonic vibration-assisted micro-lubrication cutting and micro-lubrication cutting with micro-textured tools has effectively promoted the development of clean cutting technology. However, the inventors have discovered that the above-mentioned cooling and lubrication methods based on micro-lubrication technology still have the following technical problems:

[0005] (1) The problem of fog droplet dispersion.

[0006] Dispersed droplets can seriously threaten the health and safety of workers and equipment. Patent CN103612207A points out the respiratory problems caused by micro-lubricating droplets and proposes to use magnetic and electric fields to enhance the controllability of micro-lubricating droplets. However, this method has disadvantages such as complex equipment, high energy consumption, and less than ideal control effect.

[0007] (2) Problem of poor controllability of cooling and lubrication process.

[0008] During the cutting process, the friction state and cutting temperature vary at different locations in the cutting zone, and these conditions change as the tool wear progresses. Therefore, it is necessary to perform time-based and zone-based cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone. However, existing methods use a single nozzle for fluid supply, making the distribution of the cooling and lubricating medium in the cutting zone uncontrollable. Furthermore, due to droplet dispersion, the amount of cooling and lubricating medium entering the cutting zone is difficult to control precisely, and even more difficult to adjust accurately with the cutting time.

[0009] The existence of the above problems seriously restricts the further development of high-performance, clean cutting technology. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured tool. During cooling and lubrication, the cooling and lubrication medium is directly injected into the grooved micro-texture on the surface of the ultrasonic vibration tool, and multiple air nozzles spray cooling gas into the cutting zone to achieve zoned, real-time, precise and efficient cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, one or more embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0012] The first aspect of the present invention provides a precise cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of microtextured cutting tools.

[0013] A precision cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools includes:

[0014] The cutting tool has a grooved microtexture structure on it;

[0015] Microinjection needles are adapted to the microtexture structure on the cutting tool and are used to inject cooling and lubricating media into the microtexture of a designated area on the cutting tool.

[0016] Air nozzles are used to inject cooling gas into the cutting zone;

[0017] An ultrasonic vibration system is used to drive cutting tools to vibrate ultrasonically.

[0018] Optionally, it also includes an oil tank, a peristaltic pump, and a flow controller connected via an oil delivery pipeline. The oil tank is used to contain the cooling and lubricating medium, the peristaltic pump is used to drive the flow of the cooling and lubricating medium, and the flow controller is connected to a microinjection needle.

[0019] Optionally, the oil pipeline is also equipped with a check valve and a flow meter.

[0020] Optionally, multiple flow controllers are provided, and each of the multiple flow controllers is connected to a microinjection needle.

[0021] Optionally, it may also include an air filter, a vortex tube, and a pressure regulating valve connected via an air supply line, wherein the pressure regulating valve is connected to an air nozzle.

[0022] Optionally, a thermometer may also be installed on the gas pipeline.

[0023] Optionally, multiple pressure regulating valves are provided, and each of the multiple pressure regulating valves is connected to an air nozzle.

[0024] Optionally, it may also include an ultrasonic vibration drive device for driving the tool to vibrate.

[0025] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of microtextured cutting tools.

[0026] A precise cooling and lubrication method for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools includes the following steps:

[0027] The flow controller regulates the flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium through the micro-injection needle, and quantitatively injects the cooling and lubricating medium into the microtexture of the tool surface through the micro-injection needle.

[0028] The pressure regulating valve adjusts the flow rate of the cooling gas injected by the air nozzle, and the air nozzle injects a fixed amount of gas at different positions of the tool and the workpiece.

[0029] The ultrasonic vibration system drives the cutting tool to achieve small-scale atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium and diffusion film formation at the interface between the cutting tool and the chip / workpiece.

[0030] Optional, also includes:

[0031] The real-time delivery of cooling and lubricating media and cold air is controlled by a peristaltic pump, flow controller and pressure regulating valve. Based on the change law of temperature field in the cutting zone during the whole life cycle of the tool, precise cooling and lubrication in time is achieved.

[0032] Multiple flow controllers and pressure regulating valves are used to control the amount of cooling and lubricating medium and cold air delivered to each micro-injection needle and air nozzle. Based on the temperature field distribution in the cutting area, spatially zoned quantitative and precise cooling and lubrication are achieved.

[0033] The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) This invention provides a device and method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured tool. During cooling and lubrication, a micro-injection needle is used to directly inject the cooling and lubrication medium into the micro-texture on the surface of the ultrasonic vibration tool. The cooling and lubrication medium flows into the cutting zone, and multiple air nozzles spray cooling gas into the cutting zone. This can solve the problems of atomized droplet dispersion and low utilization rate of cooling and lubrication medium. It can improve the cooling and lubrication effect and its controllability, reduce the harm of droplet dispersion to workers and equipment, and improve the processing environment.

[0035] (2) The present invention uses multiple micro-injection needles in conjunction with micro-textured cutting tools and multiple air nozzles to perform spatially zoned quantitative and precise cooling and lubrication based on the temperature field distribution of the cutting area.

[0036] (3) The present invention uses a programmable peristaltic pump and a pressure regulating valve, which can achieve real-time and precise cooling and lubrication based on the change law of the temperature field in the cutting zone during the entire life cycle of the tool.

[0037] (4) The present invention can achieve small-scale atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium in the cutting zone by ultrasonic vibration of the cutting tool, promote the diffusion of the cooling and lubricating medium from the inside of the microtexture to the surface of the cutting tool and the interface between the cutting tool and the chip / workpiece, and further improve the cooling and lubrication effect.

[0038] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutting tool machining a workpiece.

[0042] Figure 3 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone.

[0043] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0044] 1-Air filter, 2-Vortex tube, 3-Thermometer, 4-Pressure regulating valve, 5-Air nozzle, 6-Micro injection needle, 7-Flow controller, 8-Flow meter, 9-Check valve, 10-Peristaltic pump, 11-Oil tank, 12-Workpiece, 13-Chip, 14-Microtexture, 15-Tool. Detailed Implementation

[0045] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0046] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to limit the exemplary implementations of the present invention.

[0047] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0048] The overall concept proposed in this invention is as follows:

[0049] This invention relates to the fields of microtextured cutting tools, ultrasonic vibration cutting, and precision cooling and lubrication technologies.

[0050] Precision cooling and lubrication technology refers to the technology of delivering cooling and lubricating media at fixed points, in fixed quantities, and at fixed times according to the friction state of different areas and at different times in the cutting zone, thereby improving cutting performance and the cleanliness of the cutting process.

[0051] Microtextured tools are a technology that improves the friction and lubrication of the interface between the tool and the chip / workpiece by machining pits, grooves, and other surface textures at specific locations on the tool surface, thereby enhancing cutting performance.

[0052] Ultrasonic vibration cutting is a technology that uses an ultrasonic vibrator to transmit high-frequency vibrations to the cutting tool or workpiece, causing the tool to periodically separate from the chips / workpiece, thereby improving cutting performance.

[0053] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools, which realizes zoned, real-time, precise and efficient cooling and lubrication of the cutting zone, and promotes the development of clean and high-performance cutting technology.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] This embodiment discloses a precise cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured cutting tool.

[0056] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone precision cooling and lubrication device for micro-textured cutting tools includes a cutting tool 15 and a workpiece 12 to be processed. The surface of the cutting tool 15 has a micro-textured structure 14, and the cutting tool 15 performs cutting operations on the workpiece 12. It also includes:

[0057] The microinjection needle 6 is adapted to the microtexture 14 structure on the tool 15 and is used to inject a cooling and lubricating medium into the microtexture 14 in a designated area of ​​the tool 15.

[0058] Air nozzle 5, which is used to spray cooling gas onto a designated area on the surface of the workpiece 12 and the tool 15;

[0059] An ultrasonic vibration system is used to drive the cutting tool 15 to perform ultrasonic vibration.

[0060] In this embodiment, a peristaltic pump 10 is used to drive a cooling and lubricating medium (which may be a nanofluid) and inject it into multiple microtextures 14 on the surface of the tool 15 through multiple micro-injection needles 6, so as to achieve precise lubrication of different positions in the cutting area and real-time precise lubrication under different tool wear conditions.

[0061] The cooling and lubricating medium can be water, oil, or emulsion, and may also contain different types of nanoparticles to meet the processing requirements of different workpiece materials.

[0062] The microinjection needle 6 is adapted to the microtexture 14 structure on the tool 15, meaning that the size of the microinjection needle 6 is adapted to the size and shape of the microtexture 14.

[0063] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the microinjection needle 6 is 20μm-1mm, and the maximum flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium injected into the microtexture 14 on the tool surface is 200mL / min; the peristaltic pump 10 delivers oil-based cooling and lubricating medium at a rate of 50mL / min-1000mL / min and water-based cooling and lubricating medium at a rate of 200mL / min-5000mL / min. The flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium in each delivery channel is controlled in real time by the flow controller 7.

[0064] Meanwhile, under the control of the pressure regulating valve 4, the air nozzle 5 can spray cooling gas onto the surface of the tool 15 and the set area of ​​the workpiece 12 to be processed. On the one hand, it drives the cooling and lubricating medium to flow to the cutting area, and on the other hand, it cools the workpiece 12 and the tool 15 in separate zones.

[0065] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration frequency range of the ultrasonic vibration system is 20-60kHz. By applying ultrasonic vibration to the tool 15 through the ultrasonic vibration system, on the one hand, the tool 15 can be separated from the chip 13 / workpiece 12, providing a basis for the cooling and lubricating medium to wet the cutting interface. On the other hand, it can realize the atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium inside the microtexture 14 in the cutting zone, and improve the wetting and film formation effect of the cooling and lubricating medium on the surface of the tool 15 and the workpiece 12.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a more complete device structure, specifically including:

[0067] An oil tank 11, a peristaltic pump 10, and a flow controller 7 are connected via an oil supply pipeline. The oil tank 11 contains the cooling and lubricating medium, and the flow controller 7 is connected to a microinjection needle 6. Multiple flow controllers 7 are arranged in parallel, with one end of each flow controller 7 connected to an oil supply pipeline and the other end connected to a microinjection needle 6. In this way, each flow controller 7 is connected to a microinjection needle 6 through a pipeline, enabling multiple microinjection needles 6 to deliver targeted injection to different areas of the cutting tool 15.

[0068] Furthermore, the oil pipeline is also equipped with a one-way valve 9 and a flow meter 8. The one-way valve 9 is used to control the one-way flow of the cooling and lubricating medium; the flow meter 8 is used to count the flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium in the oil pipeline.

[0069] It also includes an air filter 1, a vortex tube 2 and a pressure regulating valve 4 connected by an air supply pipeline. The vortex tube 2 is used to cool the compressed air and spray the low-temperature air from multiple nozzles at different flow rates to different areas of the tool 15 and the workpiece 12.

[0070] Multiple pressure regulating valves 4 are arranged in parallel. One end of each pressure regulating valve 4 is connected to an air supply pipeline, and the other end is connected to an air nozzle 5. In this way, each pressure regulating valve 4 is connected to an air nozzle 5 through a pipeline, so that multiple air nozzles 5 can spray targeted air onto different areas of the tool 15 and the workpiece 12.

[0071] A thermometer 3 is also installed on the gas transmission pipeline. The thermometer 3 can be used to check whether the cooling gas in the gas transmission pipeline has reached the set temperature requirement.

[0072] Understandably, it also includes an ultrasonic vibration drive device, which is used to drive the cutter 15 to perform ultrasonic vibration.

[0073] Working principle:

[0074] (1) In this embodiment, the peristaltic pump 10 draws out the cooling and lubricating medium from the oil tank 11. After passing through the check valve 9 and the flow meter 8, the flow controller 7 distributes the cooling and lubricating medium flow rate of each pipeline according to the principle of gradually reducing the liquid supply from the tip of the blade to both sides.

[0075] Finally, the material is injected into the microtexture 14 on the tool surface through multiple micro-injection needles 6, thereby accurately delivering it into the cutting zone.

[0076] (2) The compressed air generated by the air compressor is filtered by the air filter 1 and then cooled by the vortex tube 2. The temperature of the cooled air is measured by the thermometer 3 and then the flow rate of the cold air of each air nozzle 5 is adjusted by the pressure regulating valve 4. Finally, the low-temperature cold air with different flow rates is sprayed onto different positions of the workpiece 12 and the tool 15 by multiple air nozzles 5 to achieve spatial zoned quantitative precise cooling and lubrication.

[0077] (3) During the cutting process, the ultrasonic vibration system is used to drive the tool 15 to achieve small-scale atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium, so that it diffuses from the inside of the microtexture 14 to the contact interface between the tool 15 and the chip 13 / workpiece 12, thereby further improving the cooling and lubrication effect.

[0078] In addition, based on the tool wear curve obtained from the preliminary experiment and the influence of tool wear on the temperature field distribution in the cutting zone, the real-time flow rate of the cooling and lubrication medium required to stabilize the temperature field is calculated. The cooling and lubrication medium and cold air are supplied precisely on demand through the peristaltic pump 10 and the pressure regulating valve 4, so as to achieve real-time and precise cooling and lubrication in time.

[0079] Example 2

[0080] This embodiment discloses a method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools.

[0081] A precise cooling and lubrication method for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools includes the following steps:

[0082] The flow controller 7 regulates the flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium flowing through the micro-injection needle 6, and injects a quantitative amount of cooling and lubricating medium into the microtexture 14 on the surface of the tool 15 through the micro-injection needle 6.

[0083] The pressure regulating valve 4 adjusts the flow rate of the cooling gas injected by the air nozzle 5, and the air nozzle 5 injects a quantitative amount of cooling gas into different positions of the tool 15 and the workpiece 12.

[0084] The ultrasonic vibration system drives the tool 15 to achieve small-scale atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium and diffusion film formation at the contact interface between the tool and the chip 13 / workpiece 12.

[0085] Also includes:

[0086] The real-time delivery of cooling and lubricating medium and cold air is controlled by peristaltic pump 10, flow controller 7 and pressure regulating valve 4. Based on the change law of temperature field in cutting area during the whole life cycle of tool 15, precise cooling and lubrication in time is achieved.

[0087] Multiple flow controllers and pressure regulating valves are used to control the amount of cooling and lubricating medium and cold air delivered to each micro-injection needle and air nozzle. Based on the temperature field distribution in the cutting area, spatially zoned quantitative and precise cooling and lubrication are achieved.

[0088] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precision cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured cutting tool, characterized in that, include: The cutting tool has a microtextured structure on it; Microinjection needles are adapted to the microtexture structure on the cutting tool and are used to inject cooling and lubricating media into the microtexture of a designated area on the cutting tool. Air nozzles are used to spray cooling gas onto a designated area on the surface of the tool and workpiece. An ultrasonic vibration system is used to drive cutting tools to perform ultrasonic vibrations. It also includes an oil tank, a peristaltic pump, and a flow controller connected via an oil pipeline. The oil tank is used to contain the cooling and lubricating medium, the peristaltic pump is used to drive the flow of the cooling and lubricating medium, and the flow controller is connected to a microinjection needle. It also includes an air filter, a vortex tube, and a pressure regulating valve connected via an air supply line, wherein the pressure regulating valve is connected to an air nozzle; The flow controller is provided in multiple ways, and each of the multiple flow controllers is connected to a microinjection needle; Multiple pressure regulating valves are provided, and each of the multiple pressure regulating valves is connected to an air nozzle.

2. The precision cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oil pipeline is also equipped with a check valve and a flow meter.

3. The precision cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A thermometer is also installed on the gas pipeline.

4. The precision cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of micro-textured cutting tools as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an ultrasonic vibration drive device, which is used to drive the tool to vibrate.

5. A method for precise cooling and lubrication of the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a microtextured tool using the precise cooling and lubrication device for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The flow controller regulates the flow rate of the cooling and lubricating medium through the micro-injection needle, and quantitatively injects the cooling and lubricating medium into the microtexture of the tool surface through the micro-injection needle. The pressure regulating valve adjusts the flow rate of the cooling gas injected by the air nozzle, and the air nozzle injects a fixed amount of gas at different positions of the tool and the workpiece. The ultrasonic vibration system drives the cutting tool to achieve small-scale atomization of the cooling and lubricating medium and diffusion film formation at the interface between the cutting tool and the chip / workpiece.

6. The precise cooling and lubrication method for the ultrasonic vibration cutting zone of a micro-textured tool as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The real-time delivery of cooling and lubricating media and cold air is controlled by a peristaltic pump, flow controller and pressure regulating valve, and precise cooling and lubrication in time is achieved according to the change law of temperature field in the cutting zone throughout the tool's life cycle. Multiple flow controllers and pressure regulating valves are used to control the amount of cooling and lubricating medium and cold air delivered to each micro-injection needle and air nozzle. Based on the temperature field distribution in the cutting area, spatially zoned quantitative and precise cooling and lubrication are achieved.

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