High-speed railway bad geological slope automatic monitoring method

Abstract

This invention provides an automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes along high-speed railways, comprising: acquiring a pre-defined monitoring section of an adverse geological slope along a high-speed railway using GNSS; determining the three-dimensional morphological features and artificial spoil characteristics of the adverse geological features based on the pre-defined monitoring section, wherein the three-dimensional morphological features include geological information and cross-sectional information of the pre-defined monitoring section, and the artificial spoil characteristics include the morphological information of the spoil formed by artificial spoil on the pre-defined monitoring section; determining a pre-defined monitoring cross-section of the pre-defined monitoring section based on the three-dimensional morphological features and the artificial spoil characteristics, wherein the pre-defined monitoring cross-section is the predicted cross-sectional location of a geological disaster occurring on the pre-defined monitoring section; establishing an automated monitoring system for the pre-defined monitoring section based on the pre-defined monitoring cross-section, and monitoring the adverse geological slope of the pre-defined monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system. This invention utilizes GNSS to monitor pre-defined monitoring sections of adverse geological slopes along high-speed railways, preventing disasters and ensuring safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering construction technology, and in particular to an automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes along high-speed railways. Background Technology

[0002] After passing under Gangouwan, the Qingfeng Tunnel of the Kangyu Railway connects to the Ankang Hanjiang Bridge. Gangouwan is characterized by tectonic denudation and erosion of low mountains with steep terrain, a ground elevation of 230-360m, a relative height difference of 50-130m, and well-developed gullies. At the same time, the bedrock in the sloping areas is mostly exposed with thin soil cover, while the soil cover in the gentle slopes and gullies is relatively thick. Therefore, the main adverse geological conditions in Gangouwan are landslides and artificial dumping, which endanger the safety of the newly built Kangyu Railway and the existing provincial highway. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways, which solves the shortcomings of traditional manual deformation monitoring methods, such as difficulty in meeting monitoring quality requirements, high labor intensity, high cost, and high safety risks.

[0004] An automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways, provided by the present invention, includes:

[0005] Based on GNSS, a pre-set slope monitoring section of adverse geological conditions for high-speed railway is acquired. The three-dimensional morphological features and artificial spoil characteristics of the adverse geological conditions are determined based on the pre-set slope monitoring section. The three-dimensional morphological features include the geological information and cross-sectional information of the pre-set slope monitoring section, and the artificial spoil characteristics include the spoil morphology information formed by artificial spoil on the pre-set slope monitoring section.

[0006] Based on the three-dimensional topographic features and the artificial spoil characteristics, the preset monitoring section of the preset slope monitoring section is determined. The preset monitoring section is the expected section location where geological disasters will occur in the preset slope monitoring section.

[0007] Based on the preset monitoring section, an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring section is established, and the unfavorable geological slope is monitored in the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the preset monitoring section of the preset slope monitoring segment based on the three-dimensional topographic features and the artificial spoil characteristics specifically includes:

[0009] Based on the three-dimensional morphological features and the artificial spoil characteristics, the artificial spoil area and the corresponding spoil monitoring section of the artificial spoil area are determined.

[0010] Based on the three-dimensional topographic features, the landslide area of ​​the preset slope monitoring section and the corresponding landslide monitoring section of the landslide area are determined.

[0011] The preset monitoring section is generated based on the spoil monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section.

[0012] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for determining the preset monitoring section of the preset slope monitoring segment.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of establishing an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring section based on the preset monitoring section specifically includes:

[0014] In the case of determining the spoil disposal monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section, GNSS base stations, GNSS monitoring points, deep displacement monitoring equipment, stress monitoring equipment and rainfall monitoring equipment are respectively set at the locations of the spoil disposal monitoring section in the artificial spoil disposal area and the locations of the landslide monitoring section in the landslide area, wherein at least two of the GNSS base stations and two of the GNSS monitoring points are included.

[0015] The GNSS monitoring point, the deep displacement monitoring equipment, and the stress monitoring equipment shall at least cover the boundary between the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area;

[0016] The stress monitoring equipment is connected to anti-slide piles pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area, respectively.

[0017] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for establishing an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring section.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the stress monitoring device is connected to the anti-slide pile at the center of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area, respectively.

[0019] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for a stress monitoring device.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0021] Based on the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring point, real-time data streams of the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring point are collected according to pseudorange and carrier phase;

[0022] Based on the real-time data streams from the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring points, the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point are obtained, and big data of monitoring point coordinates is formed.

[0023] Based on the big data of the monitoring point coordinates, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

[0024] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the monitoring point coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on the real-time data stream of the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring point, and forming big data of monitoring point coordinates, further includes:

[0026] Based on the carrier phase differential calculation module, the real-time data streams of one GNSS base station and all GNSS monitoring points are obtained, wherein the carrier phase differential calculation module is trained based on carrier phase differential samples, and each GNSS base station sends the real-time data to the corresponding carrier phase differential calculation module;

[0027] Based on the real-time differential algorithm and the acquired real-time data stream, the first slope geological data of one GNSS base station and all GNSS monitoring points are obtained;

[0028] Repeat the above steps to obtain all the first slope geological data based on all the GNSS base stations, and obtain the monitoring point coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the first slope geological data.

[0029] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for generating big data on monitoring point coordinates.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the geological data of the first slope specifically includes:

[0031] Based on the system error correction model, error correction coefficients are obtained by acquiring the real-time data streams of all the GNSS base stations, wherein the system error correction model is obtained by training based on system error samples;

[0032] Based on the first slope geological data and the error correction coefficient, real-time network adjustment and data fusion are performed to obtain the corrected second slope geological data.

[0033] Repeat the above steps to obtain all the corrected geological data of the second slope after all the geological data of the first slope, and obtain the coordinates of the monitoring point of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the geological data of the second slope.

[0034] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the geological data of the first slope.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0036] Based on the preset monitoring section, array-type displacement gauges are deployed inside the land in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area;

[0037] Based on all the array-type displacement gauges, the first slope displacement and the second slope displacement of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are obtained. The first slope displacement is the geological direction displacement, and the second slope displacement is the vertical position. The geological direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0038] Based on the first slope displacement and the second slope displacement, the geological deformation of the slopes in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

[0039] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0041] Based on the stress monitoring equipment, the strain of the anti-slide piles pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is obtained;

[0042] Based on the strain, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

[0043] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system.

[0044] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0045] Based on the rainfall monitoring equipment, rainfall information and soil moisture information of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are obtained;

[0046] Within the continuous data collection period, based on the rainfall information and the soil moisture information, the slope deformation areas of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are determined;

[0047] Based on the slope deformation area, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

[0048] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using the automated monitoring system.

[0049] The above-mentioned one or more technical solutions of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: The present invention provides an automated monitoring method for unfavorable geological slopes of high-speed railways, which uses GNSS to monitor the preset monitoring sections of unfavorable geological slopes of high-speed railways, keeps track of the deformation of the slope surface, depth and humidity, etc., and analyzes the possibility of landslides in the monitoring area based on the monitored displacement, settlement and tilt, and provides early warning information so that reinforcement measures can be taken in advance to prevent disasters and thus ensure safety. Attached Figure Description

[0050] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of adverse geological conditions and prevention and control engineering for high-speed railways;

[0052] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process relationship of the automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways provided by the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the spoil monitoring section in the adverse geological slope of a high-speed railway provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 This is one of the schematic diagrams of landslide monitoring sections in adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways provided by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 This is the second schematic diagram of a landslide monitoring section in a high-speed railway with unfavorable geological slopes provided by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of deep displacement monitoring equipment in adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways provided by the present invention.

[0057] Figure label:

[0058] 10. Artificial spoil disposal area; 20. Landslide area; 30. GNSS base station; 40. GNSS monitoring point; 50. Deep displacement monitoring equipment; 60. Stress monitoring equipment; 70. Rainfall monitoring equipment; 80. Anti-slide piles. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0061] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0062] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this solution provides an automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes along high-speed railways, including:

[0063] Based on GNSS, the pre-set slope monitoring section of the high-speed railway with adverse geological conditions is obtained. The three-dimensional morphological features and artificial spoil characteristics of the adverse geological conditions are determined based on the pre-set slope monitoring section. The three-dimensional morphological features include the geological information and cross-sectional information of the pre-set slope monitoring section, and the artificial spoil characteristics include the spoil morphology information formed by artificial spoil on the pre-set slope monitoring section.

[0064] Based on the three-dimensional topographic features and the characteristics of artificial spoil, the preset monitoring sections of the preset slope monitoring sections are determined. The preset monitoring sections are the predicted cross-sectional locations where geological disasters are expected to occur in the preset slope monitoring sections.

[0065] Based on the preset monitoring sections, an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring sections is established, and the unfavorable geological slopes of the preset slope monitoring sections are monitored according to the automated monitoring system.

[0066] It should be noted that the automated monitoring of unfavorable geological slopes of high-speed railways mainly includes monitoring of slope soil deformation, monitoring of rainfall influencing factors, and monitoring of prevention and control engineering structures.

[0067] Among them, the monitoring of slope soil deformation is mainly based on the fact that there are two situations: surface deformation and deep deformation of soil on slopes with poor geological conditions. It is necessary to monitor the deformation of the soil surface and deep layers, determine the early warning model based on the displacement deformation monitoring results, and comprehensively evaluate the early warning indicators.

[0068] Monitoring of rainfall-related factors is mainly based on the fact that rainfall under extreme weather conditions can cause a large amount of surface water to infiltrate, which may soften the underlying silty clay layer and lead to local instability of the excavated soil. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor rainfall to facilitate timely implementation of flood control and seepage prevention measures.

[0069] For monitoring the structure of the prevention and control project, the main basis is that the landslide in the dry ditch and the artificial excavated soil may become unstable under the action of rainstorms, earthquakes, and construction disturbances. This will generate a thrust in the direction of soil instability on the constructed prevention and control project (anti-slide pile 80), resulting in tensile and compressive stress in the pile structure. The stress of the steel bars in the pile structure is monitored to understand whether the slope soil is in a safe and controllable state.

[0070] Furthermore, GNSS stands for Global Navigation Satellite System, also known as a global satellite navigation system. It is a space-based radio navigation and positioning system that can provide users with all-weather 3D coordinates, velocity, and time information at any location on the Earth's surface or in near-Earth space. Slope surface deformation monitoring uses GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for monitoring. Using GNSS for monitoring saves costs and reduces losses due to damage to monitoring equipment.

[0071] In an application scenario, such as Figure 1 The diagram shows a plan view of the adverse geological conditions and prevention and control engineering for the high-speed railway. The landslide has a long, tongue-shaped plan view. The landslide mass is mainly composed of silty clay and coarse gravelly soil, with local inclusions of gravelly soil. Silty clay is distributed on the surface of the landslide area, while gravelly soil is distributed in the lower part. The gravel and gravel are mainly composed of siliceous rock, slate, and schist. The landslide mass is characterized by being thinner at the leading and trailing edges and thicker in the middle. The sliding surface is irregularly zigzag-shaped, with a steeper dip angle at the leading and trailing edges and a gentler dip angle in the middle. The Gangouwan landslide is basically stable under natural conditions, but it may become unstable under the influence of heavy rain, earthquakes, or construction disturbances, posing a safety impact on the Qingfeng Tunnel exit and the Hanjiang Bridge.

[0072] Furthermore, the artificial spoil heap is a waste disposal site built 70 years ago for the Xiangyu Railway. It is located in the dry ditch bend to the right of the Qingfeng Tunnel, and its main component is gravelly soil, slightly dense. The gravel is primarily composed of siliceous rock and schist, with coarse gravel accounting for approximately 45%–50% (2–6 cm in diameter) and fine gravel accounting for approximately 5%–10%. The remainder is mainly filled with clayey soil, and the surface has been leveled as dry land. The bottom of the spoil heap consists of colluvial, stiff, silty clay. Because the drainage ditches constructed during the dumping of the spoil in the dry ditch bend are largely destroyed, surface water may infiltrate under extreme weather conditions, causing softening of the underlying silty clay layer and potentially leading to localized instability of the spoil heap, posing a safety risk to the Qingfeng Tunnel exit and the Hanjiang Bridge.

[0073] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of determining the preset monitoring section of the preset slope monitoring segment based on three-dimensional topographic features and artificial spoil characteristics specifically includes:

[0074] Based on the three-dimensional morphological features and artificial spoil characteristics, artificial spoil area 10 and the corresponding spoil monitoring section of artificial spoil area 10 were determined.

[0075] Based on the three-dimensional topographic features, the landslide area 20 of the preset slope monitoring section and the corresponding landslide monitoring section of the landslide area 20 are determined.

[0076] Preset monitoring sections are generated based on the spoil disposal monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section.

[0077] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for determining the preset monitoring section of a preset slope monitoring segment. By classifying the sections of the preset slope monitoring segment by combining artificial spoil and landslide, the acquisition of spoil monitoring sections in the artificial spoil area 10 and landslide monitoring sections in the landslide area 20 is realized, and then the preset monitoring section is generated based on the spoil monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section.

[0078] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of establishing an automated monitoring system for a preset slope monitoring section based on a preset monitoring cross section specifically includes:

[0079] With the spoil monitoring section and landslide monitoring section determined, GNSS base station 30, GNSS monitoring point 40, deep displacement monitoring equipment 50, stress monitoring equipment 60 and rainfall monitoring equipment 70 are set up at the locations of the spoil monitoring section corresponding to the spoil area 10 and the landslide monitoring section corresponding to the landslide area 20, respectively. Among them, at least two GNSS base stations 30 and two GNSS monitoring points 40 are included.

[0080] GNSS monitoring point 40, deep displacement monitoring equipment 50 and stress monitoring equipment 60 shall at least cover the boundary between artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20;

[0081] The stress monitoring device 60 is connected to the anti-slide piles 80 pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20, respectively.

[0082] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for establishing an automated monitoring system for preset slope monitoring sections, such as... Figures 3 to 5 As shown, based on the different locations and conditions of the spoil monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section, GNSS base station 30, GNSS monitoring point 40, deep displacement monitoring equipment 50, stress monitoring equipment 60 and rainfall monitoring equipment 70 are set up respectively to realize the monitoring of the poor slopes of the high-speed railway.

[0083] In a possible embodiment, an artificial spoil disposal area 10 is provided with a spoil disposal monitoring section, and a GNSS base station 30, three GNSS monitoring points 40, and three sets of deep displacement monitoring equipment 50 are provided.

[0084] In a possible embodiment, three landslide monitoring sections are set up in the landslide area 20, and one GNSS base station 30, three GNSS monitoring points 40, and three sets of deep displacement monitoring equipment 50 are set up in each section.

[0085] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the stress monitoring device 60 is connected to the anti-slide pile 80 at the center of the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20, respectively.

[0086] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation of a stress monitoring device 60, which ensures the accuracy of the stress monitoring device 60 in providing feedback on the deformation of the anti-slide pile 80. It can accurately reflect the deformation of the entire area or the center of the area where the anti-slide pile 80 is installed in the excavated soil area and the landslide area 20.

[0087] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring a pre-set slope monitoring section for unfavorable geological conditions using an automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0088] Based on GNSS base station 30 and GNSS monitoring point 40, real-time data streams of GNSS base station 30 and GNSS monitoring point 40 are collected according to pseudorange and carrier phase.

[0089] Based on the real-time data streams from GNSS base station 30 and GNSS monitoring point 40, the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 are obtained, and big data of monitoring point coordinates is formed.

[0090] Based on big data of monitoring point coordinates, the geological deformation of the slopes in artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20 was monitored.

[0091] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring adverse geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using an automated monitoring system. Each GNSS monitoring point 40 and the reference point receiver receive GNSS signals in real time through a GNSS antenna and transmit them to the control center server in real time through a data communication network. The control center server performs real-time differential calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40. The data analysis software obtains the real-time three-dimensional coordinates of each monitoring point and compares them with the initial coordinates to obtain the change of the monitoring point, thereby forming big data on the monitoring point coordinates, providing data support for monitoring the geological deformation of the slopes in the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20.

[0092] In possible implementations, automated GNSS monitoring allows sampling at arbitrary intervals. Typical intervals could be by minute, hour, or day. This improves testing accuracy, allows data to be processed remotely, and provides useful information. Automated GNSS monitoring avoids human error caused by manual readings and recordings, while enabling remote data acquisition under adverse weather conditions. It can also provide continuous 24-hour monitoring, accurately recording the time of incidents and correlating it with external factors such as rainfall, earthquakes, and construction activities. Continuous monitoring allows for rapid detection of critical changes, enabling intervention before the situation worsens.

[0093] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 based on the real-time data stream of the GNSS base station 30 and the GNSS monitoring point 40, and forming big data on the monitoring point coordinates, specifically further includes:

[0094] Based on the carrier phase differential calculation module, real-time data streams of one GNSS base station 30 and all GNSS monitoring points 40 are obtained. The carrier phase differential calculation module is trained based on carrier phase differential samples, and each GNSS base station 30 sends real-time data to the corresponding carrier phase differential calculation module.

[0095] Based on the real-time differential algorithm and the acquired real-time data stream, the first slope geological data of one GNSS base station 30 and all GNSS monitoring points 40 are obtained;

[0096] Repeat the above steps to obtain all the first slope geological data based on all GNSS base stations 30, and obtain the monitoring point coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 based on all the first slope geological data.

[0097] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for forming big data of monitoring point coordinates. Through the carrier phase differential calculation module, the real-time data of the corresponding GNSS base station 30 and all GNSS monitoring points 40 are calculated respectively. The first slope geological data of one GNSS base station 30 and all GNSS monitoring points 40 are obtained according to the real-time differential algorithm. Then, based on the first slope geological data of each GNSS base station 30 and the monitoring point coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40, the data is then processed.

[0098] In a possible implementation, each GNSS receiver in the adverse geological slope deformation monitoring network only needs to output the raw GNSS data and ephemeris. The raw data includes all the necessary pseudorange and carrier phase data for GNSS calculation, while the ephemeris refers to the broadcast ephemeris transmitted by the GNSS satellite. The data is transmitted to the control center via WAN, LAN, serial port, wireless devices, etc. The control center server obtains the raw real-time data stream of each monitoring point based on the IP address and port number corresponding to each GNSS receiver, performs real-time differential calculation on this raw data to obtain the coordinates of each monitoring station, and stores them in a database or sends them to the client.

[0099] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 based on all the geological data of the first slope specifically includes:

[0100] Based on the system error correction model, the error correction coefficients are obtained by acquiring the real-time data streams of all 30 GNSS base stations. The system error correction model is trained based on system error samples.

[0101] Based on the geological data of the first slope and the error correction coefficient, real-time network adjustment and data fusion are performed to obtain the corrected geological data of the second slope.

[0102] Repeat the above steps to obtain all the corrected geological data of the second slope after all the geological data of the first slope, and obtain the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 based on all the geological data of the second slope.

[0103] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 based on all first slope geological data. After obtaining the first slope geological data, the real-time data of all GNSS base stations 30 are calculated according to the system error correction model to obtain the error correction coefficient. The first slope geological data is then corrected using the error correction coefficient. The second slope geological data is obtained through real-time network adjustment and data fusion. The coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point 40 are then obtained based on the second slope geological data.

[0104] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring a pre-set slope monitoring section for unfavorable geological conditions using an automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0105] Based on the preset monitoring sections, array-type displacement gauges were deployed inside the land in artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20.

[0106] Based on the full array of displacement gauges, the first slope displacement and the second slope displacement of the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20 are obtained. The first slope displacement is the geological direction displacement, and the second slope displacement is the vertical position. The geological direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0107] Based on the first and second slope displacements, the slope geological deformation of artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20 is monitored.

[0108] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using an automated monitoring system. By deploying an array of displacement gauges, the deep deformation of unfavorable geological slopes is monitored.

[0109] In a possible embodiment, each array displacement meter integrates multiple high-precision MEMS accelerometers and is arranged in a "symmetrical" structure to eliminate interference from the working model and the influence of temperature; each measurement unit node integrates a high-performance processor to quickly process the acquired data and perform data calculations in real time, directly outputting the calculation results, which greatly reduces the amount of data transmitted over long distances and the computational load on the platform.

[0110] In a possible embodiment, the array displacement meter of the present invention is a static application of MEMS accelerometer. It utilizes the components of the gravitational acceleration of the measured object when it is at rest in the three axes of the MEMS accelerometer to calculate the angle between each sensor segment and the vertical and horizontal directions. It then calculates its own displacement with respect to the vertical and horizontal directions by using the angle and the length of each sensor segment, and further calculates the coordinates (X, Y, Z) of each node relative to the reference point (coordinate origin) and the displacement of each node.

[0111] It should be noted that the geological direction of this invention includes two directions, X and Y, and the vertical direction is the Z direction.

[0112] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring a pre-set slope monitoring section for unfavorable geological conditions using an automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0113] Based on the stress monitoring device 60, the strain of the anti-slide piles 80 pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20 is obtained;

[0114] Based on the dependent variable, the slope geological deformation of artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20 was monitored.

[0115] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using an automated monitoring system. By setting a stress monitoring device 60 on the anti-slide pile 80, automated monitoring of the deformation of the anti-slide pile 80 is achieved.

[0116] In a possible embodiment, the engineering structure is an anti-slide pile 80, and the steel bar stress gauge is used to measure the strain of the steel bars embedded in the concrete of the anti-slide pile 80, so as to reflect the stress situation of the steel bars in a timely manner and provide on-site engineers with a reference for construction.

[0117] In a possible embodiment, the anti-slide pile 80 is a vibrating wire reinforcing bar stress gauge. Its structure consists of two reinforcing bars connected to both ends of a specially designed instrument. The middle section of the instrument contains a set of miniature vibrating wire strain gauges and an induction coil. The coil connection cable is led out from the center of the strain gauge and connected to a vibrating wire reader or data recorder. These readers can provide an excitation voltage required to vibrate the steel wire. After the reinforcing bar is excited to resonance, the reader measures the vibration frequency of the steel wire. Through the change in this vibration frequency, on-site monitoring personnel can accurately calculate the stress value of the tested reinforcing bar.

[0118] In some possible embodiments of the present invention, the step of monitoring a pre-set slope monitoring section for unfavorable geological conditions using an automated monitoring system specifically includes:

[0119] Based on the rainfall monitoring equipment 70, rainfall information and soil moisture information of the artificial spoil disposal area 10 and the landslide area 20 are obtained;

[0120] During the continuous data collection period, based on rainfall and soil moisture information, the slope deformation areas of artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20 were determined.

[0121] Based on the slope deformation area, the geological deformation of the slopes in artificial spoil disposal area 10 and landslide area 20 was monitored.

[0122] Specifically, this embodiment provides an implementation method for monitoring unfavorable geological slopes in a preset slope monitoring section using an automated monitoring system. By collecting hourly, daily, and weekly rainfall data of the deformation zone, analyzing the hazards of rainfall to the deformation zone, and taking preventive measures for safety management in advance, the necessary historical data is provided for the safety of the deformation zone.

[0123] It should be noted that rainfall in the deformation zone is the most important environmental factor affecting its safety. Monitoring points are set up in key potential hazard areas; rainfall data is automatically acquired through rain gauges, and the development and change trend of reservoir water level is predicted based on the rainfall data, and historical curves are drawn.

[0124] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0125] In embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0126] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "method," "specific method," or "some methods," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or method is included in at least one embodiment or method of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or method. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or methods. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or methods described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or methods.

[0127] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-speed railway bad geological slope automatic monitoring method, characterized in that, include: Based on GNSS, a pre-set slope monitoring section of adverse geological conditions for high-speed railway is acquired. The three-dimensional morphological features and artificial spoil characteristics of the adverse geological conditions are determined based on the pre-set slope monitoring section. The three-dimensional morphological features include the geological information and cross-sectional information of the pre-set slope monitoring section, and the artificial spoil characteristics include the spoil morphology information formed by artificial spoil on the pre-set slope monitoring section. Based on the three-dimensional topographic features and the artificial spoil characteristics, the artificial spoil area and the corresponding spoil monitoring section of the artificial spoil area are determined; based on the three-dimensional topographic features, the landslide area of ​​the preset slope monitoring section and the corresponding landslide monitoring section of the landslide area are determined; based on the spoil monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section, a preset monitoring section is generated, which is the predicted section location of the geological disaster in the preset slope monitoring section; Based on the preset monitoring section, an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring section is established, and the unfavorable geological slope is monitored in the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system. The steps of establishing an automated monitoring system for the preset slope monitoring section based on the preset monitoring section specifically include: In the case of determining the spoil disposal monitoring section and the landslide monitoring section, GNSS base stations, GNSS monitoring points, deep displacement monitoring equipment, stress monitoring equipment and rainfall monitoring equipment are respectively set at the locations of the spoil disposal monitoring section in the artificial spoil disposal area and the locations of the landslide monitoring section in the landslide area, wherein at least two of the GNSS base stations and two of the GNSS monitoring points are included. The GNSS monitoring point, the deep displacement monitoring equipment, and the stress monitoring equipment shall at least cover the boundary between the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area; The stress monitoring equipment is connected to anti-slide piles pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area, respectively; The step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system specifically includes: Based on the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring point, real-time data streams of the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring point are collected according to pseudorange and carrier phase; Based on the real-time data streams from the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring points, the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point are obtained, and big data of monitoring point coordinates is formed. Based on the big data of the monitoring point coordinates, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored; The step of obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on the real-time data stream of the GNSS base station and the GNSS monitoring points, and forming big data on monitoring point coordinates, specifically further includes: Based on the carrier phase differential calculation module, the real-time data streams of one GNSS base station and all GNSS monitoring points are obtained, wherein the carrier phase differential calculation module is trained based on carrier phase differential samples, and each GNSS base station sends the real-time data to the corresponding carrier phase differential calculation module; Based on the real-time differential algorithm and the acquired real-time data stream, the first slope geological data of one GNSS base station and all GNSS monitoring points are obtained; Repeat the above steps to obtain all the first slope geological data based on all the GNSS base stations, and obtain the monitoring point coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the first slope geological data.

2. The high-speed railway bad geological slope automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stress monitoring equipment is connected to the anti-slide piles located at the center of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area, respectively.

3. The high-speed railway adverse geological slope automatic monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the coordinates of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the geological data of the first slope specifically includes: Based on the system error correction model, error correction coefficients are obtained by acquiring the real-time data streams of all the GNSS base stations, wherein the system error correction model is obtained by training based on system error samples; Based on the first slope geological data and the error correction coefficient, real-time network adjustment and data fusion are performed to obtain the corrected second slope geological data. Repeat the above steps to obtain all the corrected geological data of the second slope after all the geological data of the first slope, and obtain the coordinates of the monitoring point of each GNSS monitoring point based on all the geological data of the second slope.

4. The automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system specifically includes: Based on the preset monitoring section, array-type displacement gauges are deployed inside the land in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area; Based on all the array-type displacement gauges, the first slope displacement and the second slope displacement of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are obtained. The first slope displacement is the geological direction displacement, and the second slope displacement is the vertical position. The geological direction and the vertical direction are perpendicular to each other. Based on the first slope displacement and the second slope displacement, the geological deformation of the slopes in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

5. The automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system specifically includes: Based on the stress monitoring equipment, the strain of the anti-slide piles pre-embedded in the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is obtained; Based on the strain, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

6. The automated monitoring method for adverse geological slopes of high-speed railways according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of monitoring the unfavorable geological slope of the preset slope monitoring section according to the automated monitoring system specifically includes: Based on the rainfall monitoring equipment, rainfall information and soil moisture information of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are obtained; Within the continuous data collection period, based on the rainfall information and the soil moisture information, the slope deformation areas of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area are determined; Based on the slope deformation area, the slope geological deformation of the artificial spoil disposal area and the landslide area is monitored.

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