Method for creating new cultivated soil using straw and subsoil

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for making new cultivated soil using straw and subsoil, first determining the properties of the subsoil, and then transforming the physical properties (texture), chemical properties (organic matter content and nutrients, etc.) and biological activity of the subsoil in turn according to the situation, then evaluating the improvement of the newly made cultivated soil, conducting plot tests, and using crop yields to test whether the newly made cultivated soil meets the needs of agricultural production. The method disclosed in the present invention utilizes straw, a solid waste of the planting industry, and subsoil, a solid waste of infrastructure projects, so that solid waste can be utilized as a resource, which can not only reduce the pollution of the atmospheric environment caused by straw burning, but also reduce the occupation of land resources and the risk of soil and water loss caused by subsoil accumulation. The newly made cultivated soil can be used in the fields of high-standard farmland construction, industrial and mining wasteland management, urban greening, and restoration of damaged ecosystems, alleviating the pressure of the above-mentioned industries on the demand for high-quality cultivated soil resources, and can produce a good ecological environment and economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of resource utilization of solid waste in agriculture and infrastructure industries, and in particular to a method for making new arable soil by utilizing straw and subsoil. Background Art

[0002] The cultivated soil layer (i.e., the topsoil, usually 0 to 50 cm) is a resource that must be stripped off during the construction process and used for the improvement of newly reclaimed farmland and low-grade farmland, the management of polluted farmland, land reclamation, and urban greening. However, a large amount of subsoil (usually 50 to 100 cm thick, and more than 100 cm in some areas) below the topsoil is often disposed of as solid waste after being stripped off. Due to the poor nutrients and poor structure of the subsoil, these potential soil resources are randomly piled up or dumped, which not only causes serious ecological and environmental problems such as soil erosion, but also may flow into the water system to block rivers and silt up reservoirs, causing serious safety hazards. On the other hand, if a large amount of straw produced by the planting industry is directly burned, it will seriously pollute the air quality and endanger people's health. The resource utilization of straw is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In the context of vigorously promoting the construction of ecological civilization in my country, many projects such as high-standard farmland construction, industrial and mining wasteland management, urban greening, park construction and ecological restoration have an extremely huge demand for soil resources. Soil formation is a long process, usually taking hundreds or even tens of thousands of years. Under natural conditions, it takes 100 to 400 years to form 1 cm thick topsoil. Therefore, it is difficult to form sufficient topsoil resources required for the above projects under in-situ natural conditions. At present, the demand for soil resources for the above projects is often met by adding topsoil. However, if topsoil resources are excavated from other places for the construction of the above projects, it will not only be costly, but also cause ecological damage to a larger area. Therefore, there is an urgent need to use solid wastes such as heart soil and straw to create new cultivated soil, which can not only reduce solid waste pollution, but also provide qualified topsoil resources for many industries such as agricultural production, ecological restoration and urban greening.

[0004] At present, there is no public technology for the secondary utilization of heart soil. Based on this, the present invention aims at the resource utilization of solid wastes such as straw generated by agricultural planting and heart soil stripped from production and construction projects, and proposes a method for creating new arable soil using straw and heart soil, thereby providing qualified arable soil for agricultural production, etc. and providing more possibilities for ecological restoration. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for creating new arable soil using straw and subsoil, which makes the subsoil discarded during the construction of engineering projects and the straw produced by the planting industry be recycled to protect the environment, and makes these solid wastes become arable soil for agricultural production, thereby alleviating or solving the problem of lack of arable soil sources in other industries, such as high-standard farmland construction, industrial and mining wasteland management, etc. The present invention is achieved through the following technical means:

[0006] A method for creating new arable soil using straw and subsoil comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Determine the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil to be transformed;

[0008] (2) modifying the physical properties (texture) of the subsoil: according to the particle size definition of the present invention: medium sand (particle size 1.5-0.05 mm), coarse silt (particle size 0.05-0.02 mm), fine clay (particle size <0.02 mm), determining the mechanical composition ratio characteristics of the original soil texture, and modifying the subsoil texture according to the following soil particle mechanical composition ratio standard: medium sand: coarse silt: fine clay = 30%: 40%: 30%;

[0009] (3) Improve the chemical properties of the subsoil (mainly organic matter content and nutrients). The straw treated with a unique process is used to transform the chemical properties of the subsoil after the texture is improved: the collected crop straw is crushed into fragments less than 1 cm with a pulverizer, and then sprinkled with a special straw composting agent (dosage: 150-200g per ton of straw) and mixed evenly, piled into piles, irrigated with water, and covered with breathable woven cloth. The piles are fermented for 40 days, and the temperature is turned eight times when it reaches about 50±2°C. After the straw temperature returns to room temperature, they are mixed evenly with the subsoil treated in step three at a mass ratio of 1:5, and 30% of water is added during the mixing process; Next, the treated subsoil is spread out in a storage and maintenance area: first, the soil is spread out to a thickness of about 10 cm, and then 30g of superphosphate is evenly sprinkled per square meter, and then covered with 30cm of soil, and finally, the soil is soaked with water and left for about a week;

[0010] (4) Introduce pioneer plants with soil-forming effects to further improve the biological properties of the heart soil: The pioneer plant combination is characterized by plants of the Leguminosae and Poaceae that can be propagated by seeds. They are mixed sown at a total number of 600 plants per square meter, and the sowing ratio of Leguminosae and Poaceae plants is about 1:6 to 1:5. After sowing, water once every 7 to 10 days to keep the bottom of the soil moist. When the plant is fully mature and the seeds fall into the soil, turn the whole plant into the soil and manage the water content so that the soil is just not clumping up with hands. Let it grow again and continue to maintain the soil. If the plants are sparse when they grow again, they can be re-sown. This step (4) can be repeated to achieve the purpose of long-term storage and maintenance of soil nutrients and structure.

[0011] (5) Evaluate the improvement in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of newly created cultivated soils; conduct field trials and use crop yields to test whether the newly created cultivated soils meet the needs of agricultural production.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0013] The present invention can effectively process the solid waste straw of planting industry and the solid waste subsoil of infrastructure projects, so that a large amount of solid waste generated in agricultural production and engineering construction can be utilized as resources, which can not only reduce the pollution of the atmospheric environment caused by straw burning, but also reduce the occupation of land resources and the risk of soil erosion caused by the accumulation of subsoil. The newly created cultivated soil can be used in the fields of high-standard farmland construction, industrial and mining wasteland management, urban greening and restoration of damaged ecosystems, etc., which can alleviate the pressure of the above-mentioned industries on the demand for high-quality cultivated soil resources, produce a good ecological environment and economic benefits, and is very likely to promote the formulation of regulations for the resource storage and resource utilization of subsoil by government departments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of embodiment 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for creating new arable soil using straw and subsoil, comprising the following steps:

[0018] (1) Determine the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the subsoil according to national or industry standard methods;

[0019] (2) Transforming the texture of the subsoil: Sampling and determining the mechanical composition of the subsoil particles, according to the particle size definition of the present invention: medium sand particles (particle size 1.5-0.05 mm), coarse silt particles (particle size 0.05-0.02 mm), fine clay particles (particle size <0.02 mm), determining the mechanical composition ratio characteristics of the original soil texture, using a method of adding coarse particles and crushing particles, according to the following mass ratio standard of the mechanical composition of soil particles: medium sand particles: coarse silt particles: fine clay particles = 30%: 40%: 30%, transforming the subsoil texture, and controlling the adjustment error of each particle size within the range of ±10%.

[0020] (3) Improve the chemical properties of the subsoil (mainly organic matter content and nutrients). The straw treated by a unique process is used to chemically transform the heart soil after the texture is improved: the collected crop straw is crushed into fragments less than 1 cm by a crusher, and then sprinkled with a special straw composting agent (dosage: 150-200g per ton of straw) and mixed evenly, piled into a pile, irrigated with water, covered with breathable woven cloth, and fermented for 40 days. When the temperature reaches about 50±2°C, the pile is turned once a day for 8 consecutive days. After the straw temperature returns to normal temperature, it is mixed evenly with the heart soil at a mass ratio of 1:5, and 30% of water is added during the mixing process. This treatment process not only introduces a large amount of organic nutrients into the heart soil that is extremely lacking in organic matter and has an extremely poor structure, but also introduces a large amount of probiotics. In particular, the mixing process promotes the interlacing of straw fiber components in the soil (the following paving process has little effect on this structure), and leaves pores in the soil after rotting in the future, so that the heavy heart soil forms a loose and excellent soil structure. Next, the treated heart soil is spread flat in the storage and maintenance area: first, the soil is spread flat to a thickness of about 10 cm, then 30 g of superphosphate is evenly sprinkled per square meter, and then covered with 30 cm of soil, and finally the soil is soaked with water and left for about a week;

[0021] (4) After the soil is laid flat, pioneer plants with soil-forming function are introduced to further transform the biological properties of the heart soil: the pioneer plant combination is characterized by plants of the Leguminosae and Gramineae that can be propagated by seeds. The Leguminosae plant used in this embodiment is the arrow pea, and the Gramineae plant is the ryegrass. In the above-treated soil, about 5g of arrow pea seeds and about 0.75g of ryegrass seeds are mixed per square meter, that is, about 600 plants per square meter, and the plant ratio is 1:6 for sowing and mixed planting. After sowing, water once every 7 to 10 days to keep the bottom of the soil moist. When the arrow pea and ryegrass are fully mature and the seeds fall into the soil, turn the whole plant into the soil, manage the water content so that the soil can be just grasped into a ball by hand, let it grow again and continue to maintain the soil. If the plants are sparse when growing again, you can sow seeds again. This step five can be repeated, and eventually the nutrient content and soil structure quality of the soil are improved to become arable soil.

[0022] (5) The above-mentioned plants are harvested and decomposed about two months in advance and returned to the soil. The original structure of the soil is maintained and the soil is divided into several blocks and transported to the user's designated location for reuse.

[0023] Test Example 1

[0024] In order to explore the improvement of subsoil nutrients after different treatments and to verify the feasibility of using the modified subsoil as arable soil by planting wheat, this test example provides a plot test using the newly created arable soil provided in Example 1. The specific results are shown in Table 1. Two treatments were set in the test, each with three replicates, and different treatments were arranged in random blocks. Each test plot was 1.5 m long and 1 m wide.

[0025] Table 1 Storage and maintenance treatment schemes for subsoil in Experimental Example 1

[0026]

[0027] According to the treatment schemes in Table 1, wheat was planted in all treated soils one year after the subsoil was transformed. Soil samples were taken to analyze the nutrient status. The wheat sowing method was spot sowing, with a row spacing of 0.15m and a sowing density of 8kg / mu. The management methods used during the wheat growth period were consistent.

[0028] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of the modified subsoil and wheat yield results in Experimental Example 1

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] According to the results in Table 2, the treatment method of the present invention "heart soil + straw + pioneer plant" can make the aboveground part of wheat reach the highest yield, and its yield exceeds that of ordinary cultivated soil. Although the nutrient status under this treatment is not the best, this may be caused by the large amount of nutrition supplied by the soil to wheat. It is believed that if the transformation time is extended, there will be better nutrient status. The results of this embodiment show that the newly created cultivated soil of the present invention can be used for agricultural production and obtain a slightly higher grain yield than conventional surface soil resources.

[0032] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for creating new arable soil using straw and subsoil, comprising: (1) Determine the physical, chemical and biological properties of the subsoil; (2) The physical properties of the subsoil are modified by modifying the soil texture according to the mass ratio of the mechanical composition of soil particles: sand: coarse silt: fine clay = 30%: 40%: 30%; (3) Mix the decomposed straw and subsoil at a mass ratio of 1:

5. Add 30% water during the mixing process to improve the chemical properties of the subsoil. The resulting mixed soil is first spread to a thickness of (10±1) cm, then 30 g of superphosphate is evenly sprinkled per square meter, and then covered with 30±5 cm of mixed soil. Finally, the mixed soil is soaked with water, left for one week, and stored for later use. (4) Introduce pioneer plants with soil-forming effects to further improve the biological properties of the subsoil. The pioneer plants need to be combined with plants of the Leguminosae and Gramineae that can reproduce by seeds. The plants should be mixed and sown at a total number of 600 plants per square meter, with a sowing ratio of Leguminosae to Gramineae of 1:6 to 1:

5. (5) Evaluate the improvement in the physical, chemical and biological properties of the newly created cultivated soil; conduct field trials and use crop yields to test whether the newly created cultivated soil meets the needs of agricultural production.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The medium sand particles in step (2) are soil with a particle size of 1.5 to 0.05 mm; The coarse powder particles are soil with a particle size of 0.05-0.02 mm; The fine clay particles are soil with a particle size of less than 0.02 mm.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The decomposed straw in step (3) is prepared by the following method: Crush the crop straw into fragments less than 1 cm in size, sprinkle 150-200 g of special straw composting agent into every ton of straw and mix evenly. Pile the straw into a 1-1.5 m high pile, irrigate it with water, cover it with breathable woven cloth, and ferment it for 40 days. When the temperature reaches (50±2)°C, turn the pile eight times. After returning to normal temperature, the composted straw is ready for use.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The plants in step (4) are sown according to the following requirements: After sowing, water the plants every 7 to 10 days. When the plants are fully mature and the seeds fall into the soil, turn the whole plant into the soil and manage the water content so that the soil is just not clumping into clumps with your hands. Allow it to grow again and continue to maintain the soil. If the plants are sparse when they grow again, re-sow the seeds.

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