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102results about How to "Reduce thermal efficiency" patented technology
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High-strength multifunctional pressure-bearing pot cover
InactiveCN106859298AOvercoming indecent structuresReduce thermal efficiencyPressure-cookersEngineeringEnergy conservation
The invention relates to a high-strength multifunctional pressure-bearing pot cover. A main body, an arc-shaped groove plate, a main cover handle, a manual valve, an automatic valve, a main cover body, a pot edge groove, a movable rod, a movable rod clip, a movable shaft, sealing bolts and a handle fixing nail are organically arranged, wherein the arc-shaped groove plate is arranged in an arc-shaped plate on the upper end of the pot edge groove and in a hollow-out arc-shaped groove shape; the main cover handle is placed in the upper side of the main cover body; the manual valve is hidden in the main cover handle; an inlet and an outlet respectively communicate with the lower side of the main cover body and the lower side of the main cover handle; the automatic valve is hidden into the main cover handle; an inlet and an outlet respectively communicate with the lower side of the main cover body and the lower side of the main cover handle; the main cover body is arranged in an end port of a pressure cooker and in the pot edge groove; the pot edge groove is arranged in the pressure cooker end port and the lower side of the main cover body; the movable rod is disposed in the arc-shaped groove plate; the movable rod clip is disposed in a movable rod recessed pit; the inner side of the movable shaft is connected with one side of the main cover body via the fixing nail; the sealing bolts are symmetrically arranged on the lower side of the main cover body; and the handle fixing nail is hidden into the main cover handle. Therefore, the high-strength multifunctional pressure-bearing pot cover can be safely used and has obvious comprehensive energy conservation effect.
Owner:LIUZHOU JINGYANG ENERGY SAVING TECH RES DEV
Method of controlling an aircraft electrical power generation system
InactiveUS20140125121A1Increase redundancyOperational securityBatteries circuit arrangementsElectric power distributionEngineeringOperation mode
A method of operating an electrical power generation system on an aircraft. The method includes assessing a required electrical power of the aircraft, assessing whether a first and a second electrical power source are able to provide the required electrical power in combination, assessing a predetermined condition, determining an operating mode of the first and second electrical power sources to match the predetermined condition, and operating the first and second electrical power sources according to the determined operating mode.
Owner:ROLLS ROYCE PLC
Efficient energy-saving safe pressure cooker
InactiveCN103829790AOvercome Design Technology LagSmall thermal effectCooking vesselsMicrocomputerSocial benefits
Owner:LIUZHOU JINGYANG ENERGY SAVING TECH RES DEV
U-bend pipe type heat exchanger
ActiveUS20170321970A1High pressure-resistanceMinimize water usageThermal insulationRecuperative heat exchangersEngineeringWater jacket
A U-bend pipe type heat exchanger includes: a heat exchanger main body surrounded by a front side plate, a back side plate, a left side plate, and a right side plate, and having open upper and lower portions through which a heat source passes; a plurality of U-bend pipes inserted between the left side plate and the right side plate, each of the plurality of U-bend pipes including two heat exchange pipes arranged in parallel with each other and a U-shaped pipe connecting one end portions of the two heat exchange pipes; and a plurality of water jackets attached to at least one of outward surfaces of the left side plate and the right side plate, and connecting open end portions of two adjacent heat exchange pipes such that a low-temperature water circulates along the plurality of U-bend pipes.
Owner:KITURAMI BOILER
Gas turbine and gas turbine cooling method
ActiveUS20060034685A1Reduce thermal efficiencySuppress a reduction in the thermal efficiency of a gas turbinePump componentsReaction enginesGas turbinesCooling methods
A gas turbine includes a nozzle vane and a sealing unit engaged with the nozzle vane inside a turbine supplied with combustion gases produced by mixing and burning air for combustion and fuel. The nozzle vane and the sealing unit are disposed in a channel of the downward flowing combustion gases on the outlet side of a gas path. A plurality of engagement portions between the sealing unit and the nozzle vane are provided successively from the upstream side toward the downstream side in a direction of flow of the combustion gases, and a downstream one of the plurality of engagement portions has a contact interface formed in a direction across a turbine rotary shaft. A reduction in the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine can be suppressed.
Owner:MITSUBISHI POWER LTD
Water dispensing station
ActiveUS20200361758A1Great tasteIncrease chilled water capacityLiquid flow controllersLiquid dispensingEngineeringChilled water
A drink station is provided with an alkaline filter cartridge in fluid communication with an ambient temperature water line provide alkaline water, and with a chilled water mixed with the alkaline water at a spigot to provide chilled alkaline water. A hot water heating element is located below the spigot so hot water flows upward for dispensing from the spigot, with a vent line between the heating element and spigot helping hot water to flow from the spigot to the heating element. A refrigeration system and a carbonation system is also provided. The refrigeration system uses the ice-bank technology. A submersible agitator pump improves heat exchanged between ice-bank and water by forced convection. The agitator pump operating based on the temperature of the drinking water. A figure eight evaporator coil can provide two cylindrical ice banks and two chilled water coils to increase the chilled water capacity.
Owner:PEPSICO INC
Method of Assessing Energy Efficiency of Buildings
InactiveUS20090210192A1Thermal efficiencyReduce thermal efficiencyTelevision system detailsRadiation pyrometryEngineeringThermal efficiency
A method of identifying, from an aerial thermal image (1) of a plurality of buildings within a predetermined area, those buildings having relatively low thermal efficiency, comprises performing ground-based measurements (2, 3) indicative of the thermal efficiency of a sample of the buildings; correlating (4) the ground-based measurements (2, 3) with the aerial thermal image (1) and estimating (6), on the basis of the correlation (5), which ones of the buildings, other than those of the sample, have relatively low thermal efficiency.
Owner:SPELTHORNE BOROUGH COUNCIL
Vehicle waste heat recovery device
InactiveUS20120240575A1Reduce thermal efficiencyLow efficiencyInternal combustion piston enginesWaterborne vesselsSolenoid valveCoolant flow
When a detection value of a temperature sensor exceeds a set temperature, an ECU increases an opening of a sub-port by controlling a solenoid valve, and as a result, an intake volume of an expander increases. The ECU then adjusts the mass flow rate of a coolant flowing through a boiler so that a detection value of a pressure sensor indicates a pressure as close as possible to an upper limit pressure, on condition that an upper limit temperature is not exceeded.
Owner:TOYOTA IND CORP
Ice cream dipping cabinet
An ice cream dipping cabinet which holds tubs of ice cream, is provided with individual tub receptacles, surrounded by cooling coils. The cabinet, which can be used for other foods, either frozen or cold, has a solid top plate which orients the individual tubs. This allows lower maintenance time and cost, helps keep moisture out and cold air in the enclosed bottom of the cabinet. The top plate has holes for the tubs, which limits the escape of cold air from the cabinet, improving energy efficiency, as well as improving the overall visual aesthetics of the cabinet, and the ease of access to the desired tub by the server. The invention also includes a locking device for preventing each tub from turning when being accessed in the proper serving position, and means for moving the tub upward for ease of removal. A clear cover has a slidable lid, which is slidable about an arc, and also pivotable upwardly for ease of removing and replacing the more remote tubs.
Owner:HALPRIN STEVEN B
Method and apparatus for bending resin tube
InactiveUS20050121834A1Reduce thermal efficiencyExtended operating timeElectric discharge heatingConfectioneryEngineeringDielectric heating
There is provided a method for bending a resin tube that enables resin tubes having a variety of bend configurations to be worked simply and rapidly without fabrication of a plurality of bending dies. In the method for bending a resin tube, a resin tube is bent to a desired angle with a bending apparatus, heated by high-frequency dielectric heating while the bent state of the resin tube is maintained by the bending apparatus, cooled, and released from being held by the bending apparatus.
Owner:SANOH IND CO LTD
Steam turbine
InactiveUS20110171005A1Evenly distributedReduce thermal efficiencyPump componentsBlade accessoriesStatorEngineering
According to an embodiment, at least one first outer ring has an annular outer ring cavity to which external cooling steam is supplied. A radial direction cooling hole connecting with the outer ring cavity is formed in the stator blades connected to the first outer ring. An annular inner ring cavity connecting with the radial direction cooling hole is formed in a first inner ring constituting one diaphragm together with the first outer ring. Cooling steam blowing holes connecting an annular wheel space and the inner ring cavity are formed. The annular wheel space is formed between the first inner ring and a rotor wheel adjacent to the first inner ring.
Owner:KK TOSHIBA
Reduction of heat loss in micro-fluid ejection devices
The present disclosure is directed to a micro-fluid ejection head for a micro-fluid ejection device. The head includes a semiconductor substrate, a fluid ejection actuator supported by the semiconductor substrate, a nozzle member containing nozzle holes attached to the substrate for expelling droplets of fluid from one or more nozzle holes in the nozzle member upon activation of the ejection actuator. The substrate further includes a thermal insulating barrier layer between the semiconductor substrate and the fluid ejection actuator. The thermal insulating barrier layer includes a porous, substantially impermeable material having a thermal conductivity of less than about 1 W / m-K.
Owner:FUNAI ELECTRIC CO LTD
Method for the production of nitric acid
InactiveUS7258849B2Increase electric power productionReduce thermal efficiencyEnergy inputNitric oxideProduct gasOxygen
The invention relates to a method for the production of nitric acid having a concentration of between 50 and 76%, from ammonia and gas containing oxygen, under pressure, according to a single pressure method or dual pressure method. The expansion of the residual gas takes place in at least two stages in a work efficient manner. At least one device for heating the previously expanded gas to a temperature of more than 450° is disposed between every other expansion stage, using waste heat from the production process of nitric acid.
Owner:UHDE GMBH
Boiler system and power plant including the same
ActiveUS20160245511A1Reduce thermal efficiencyLow efficiencyCombustion processIndirect carbon-dioxide mitigationPower stationCombustion
A boiler system is provided including: a boiler that burns fuel containing sulfur content, chlorine content, and water content to generate a combustion gas; a bagfilter that removes sulfur oxide; a denitration section that removes nitrogen oxide; a desulfurizing absorbent supply section that mixes a desulfurizing absorbent into the combustion gas on an upstream side of the bagfilter; and a reformer that mixes a denitrating reagent into the combustion gas on an upstream side of the denitration section, wherein the bagfilter performs dry desulfurization, and a temperature of the combustion gas passing through the bagfilter and flowing into the denitration section is higher than 200° C. and 350° C. or lower, and the combustion gas from which the sulfur oxide has been removed by the bagfilter flows into the denitration section without being heated on the upstream side of the denitration section.
Owner:MITSUBISHI POWER LTD
Foamed ceramic wall insulation material and preparation method thereof
ActiveCN103951457AFlame retardant and high temperature resistantLight weightCeramicwareChemical reactionRadioactive agent
The invention particularly relates to a foamed ceramic wall insulation material. The foamed ceramic wall insulation material is prepared from the following raw materials in weight fraction: 16%-20% of silicon carbide, 40%-45% of one or two of coal gangue or shale, 5%-8% of pulverized coal ash, 20%-25% of ore rock and 5%-7% of clay. According to the foamed ceramic wall insulation material, the thermal conduction efficiency is reduced and foamed ceramic has the characteristics of low heat transfer efficiency, excellent thermal shock resistance, reduced weight and the like, and is an ideal heat preservation and heat insulation material. The invention also provides a method for preparing the foamed ceramic wall insulation material by virtue of a physical reaction. Compared with the traditional chemical reaction process, the preparation method has the advantages that the process is more reasonable, the cost is reduced, no any radioactive material is generated in the production process, and thus the energy conservation and environment friendliness are achieved.
Owner:ZIBO LUYOU REFRACTORY MATERIAL
Power generation control apparatus for hybrid vehicle
ActiveUS20140365055A1Increase output torqueOperation can be quicklyHybrid vehiclesDigital data processing detailsDrive wheelExternal combustion engine
In a power generation control apparatus applied to a hybrid vehicle including a compound motor in which a wound rotor is connected to an internal combustion engine and a magnet rotor is connected to a transmission, when regenerative power generation is underway and the internal combustion engine is operative, a first motor / generator constituted by the wound rotor and the magnet rotor and the internal combustion engine are controlled such that torque output from the internal combustion engine is increased by torque applied to the internal combustion engine from the first motor / generator, and a power generation amount of a second motor / generator constituted by the magnet rotor and a stator is increased such that torque transmitted to an output shaft from the internal combustion engine is not applied to a drive wheel.
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
Gas Turbine Blade
ActiveUS20150139814A1Reduce thermal efficiencyImprove thermal efficiencyEngine manufactureEngine fuctionsTarget surfaceTemperature difference
The invention provides a gas turbine blade that is capable of reducing the temperature difference between the pressure side and the suction side even if the trailing-edge cooling channel is narrow, thereby lessening thermal stress as well.A gas turbine blade 1 comprises: an internal trailing-edge cooling channel formed by a suction-side cooling target surface 6a and a pressure-side cooling target surface 6b that face each other; and multiple vortex-generator-shaped fins 10 disposed between the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b such that the fins 10 connect the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b. Each of the vortex-generator-shaped fins 10 includes an oblique surface 33 located on the downstream side of the flow direction of a cooling medium. A normal line 34 to the oblique surface 33 intersects with one of the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b.
Owner:MITSUBISHI POWER LTD
Coal burning boiler
InactiveCN101514813ABurn fullyShorten the combustible phaseCombustion using gaseous and pulverulent fuelLiquid fuel feeder/distributionCoal waterProcess engineering
The invention discloses a coal burning boiler. The coal burning boiler comprises a chain grate which penetrates through a hearth, is used for conveying coal and is used as a fire bed and a coal supply device. The hearth comprises a front arch, a back arch, a water cooling wall and a channel thereof. The coal burning boiler further comprises a coal-water slurry burner and a coal-water slurry conveyer system which provides the coal-water slurry burner with fuel, wherein, the coal-water slurry burner is arranged at the middle part between the front arch and the back arch and the chain grate is used as an igniting device. The invention provides a coal burning boiler which combines coal-water slurry with fire coal; the fuel consumed for unit heat production is low; the range of the burned coal is wide; and the coal burning boiler improves the boiler steam rate.
Owner:任少忠
Reduction of heat loss in micro-fluid ejection devices
The present disclosure is directed to a micro-fluid ejection head for a micro-fluid ejection device. The head includes a semiconductor substrate, a fluid ejection actuator supported by the semiconductor substrate, a nozzle member containing nozzle holes attached to the substrate for expelling droplets of fluid from one or more nozzle holes in the nozzle member upon activation of the ejection actuator. The substrate further includes a thermal insulating barrier layer between the semiconductor substrate and the fluid ejection actuator. The thermal insulating barrier layer includes a porous, substantially impermeable material having a thermal conductivity of less than about 1 W / m-K.
Owner:FUNAI ELECTRIC CO LTD
Heat radiation structure of motor stator winding
PendingCN110581625AImprove cooling effectExtend working lifeWindingsCooling/ventillation arrangementSurface layerConductor Coil
The invention provides a heat radiation structure of a motor stator winding, which comprises a stator iron core and a stator winding wound on the stator iron core, wherein an insulating sleeve is arranged between the stator winding and the stator iron core; the two ends, extending out of the stator iron core, of the stator winding form winding end parts; heat conduction structure layers are arranged between the winding end parts and the stator iron core and are made of insulating materials; the side surface of the winding end part is coated with the heat conduction structure layer; the heat conduction structure layer is in close contact with the stator iron core; and the heat of the stator winding is conducted from the heat conduction structure layer to the surface layer of the stator ironcore for heat radiation. As the temperature rise of the stator winding is the most serious at the coil at the end part, and a layer of insulating sleeve is arranged between the stator winding and thestator iron core for isolation, the heat conduction efficiency is reduced; the heat conduction material is directly contacted with the stator winding and the stator iron core, so that a high-efficiency heat conduction channel is erected between the stator winding and the stator iron core, the heat radiation capability of the stator winding is improved, and the service life of the motor is prolonged.
Owner:深圳山谷风科技有限公司
High-efficiency tubular heat exchanger device based on surface modification and heat exchange system
ActiveCN107764090AIncrease disturbanceReduce resistanceHeat exchanger casingsStationary tubular conduit assembliesEngineeringProduct gas
The invention relates to the field of efficient utilization of tail gas waste heat, and specifically discloses a high-efficiency tubular heat exchanger device based on surface modification. The devicecomprises a cylinder body, an oil drain wire net, an oil receiving device, a self-rotation turbulence inner component, a bearing, a self-rotation turbulence inner component fixing shaft and a self-rotation turbulence inner component lower supporting plate; an air inlet and the oil receiving device are arranged at the bottom end of the cylinder body, the oil drain wire net and the self-rotation turbulence inner component are arranged above the air inlet; an air outlet is formed in the upper end of the cylinder body; and oleophobic and hydrophobic layers are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body and the surface of the self-rotation turbulence inner component. According to the device, oil-containing coking substances in the air can be filtered through the oil drain wire net, the coking substances can be collected by the oil receiving device, so that the part, entering the cylinder body to be adhered, of the oil-containing coking substances are reduced; the self-rotation turbulence inner component, under drive of air flows, carries out self-rotation to increase the disturbance of fluids, to improve the flushing effect of the air on a heat exchange surface, so that the scaleis effectively inhibited, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved; and the oleophobic and hydrophobic layers can prevent the oil-containing coking substances from being adhered, and the heat exchange efficiency is continuously improved.
Owner:YULIN UNIV
Device for enlarging clear aperture of laser crystal and installing method thereof
ActiveCN103326218ASolve the problem that large-size laser crystals cannot be obtainedReduce the effects of parasitic oscillationsLaser constructional detailsActive medium shape and constructionEngineeringParasitic oscillation
Provided are a device for enlarging a clear aperture of a laser crystal, and an installing method of the device for enlarging the clear aperture of the laser crystal. The device for enlarging the clear aperture of the laser crystal comprises the laser crystal, a fixing support, a first bolt and a second bolt. According to the position relation of the components, the fixing support comprises two identical fixtures, each fixture is of a cylinder structure, the inner side of each fixture is of a right-angle shape, the outer side of each fixture is round, a first screw hole and a second screw hole are formed inside the two fixtures, and are perpendicular to the combining faces of the two fixtures, the two bolts penetrate through the first screw hole and the second screw hole to form an outer cylinder, a long square hole is formed in the outer cylinder, the long square hole and the outer cylinder are concentric, and the spliced laser crystal is placed in the square inner hole of the fixing support, and is locked through the first bolt and the second bolt. The device for enlarging the clear aperture of the laser crystal and the installing method of the device for enlarging the clear aperture of the laser crystal effectively enlarge the clear aperture of the laser crystal, can reduce parasitic oscillation and the heat effect, and have the advantages of being easy to adjust, convenient to install, stable in structure and low in cost.
Owner:SHANGHAI INST OF OPTICS & FINE MECHANICS CHINESE ACAD OF SCI
Gas turbine blade
ActiveUS10006368B2Reduce thermal efficiencyImprove thermal efficiencyEngine manufactureEngine fuctionsTarget surfaceTemperature difference
The invention provides a gas turbine blade that is capable of reducing the temperature difference between the pressure side and the suction side even if the trailing-edge cooling channel is narrow, thereby lessening thermal stress as well.A gas turbine blade 1 comprises: an internal trailing-edge cooling channel formed by a suction-side cooling target surface 6a and a pressure-side cooling target surface 6b that face each other; and multiple vortex-generator-shaped fins 10 disposed between the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b such that the fins 10 connect the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b. Each of the vortex-generator-shaped fins 10 includes an oblique surface 33 located on the downstream side of the flow direction of a cooling medium. A normal line 34 to the oblique surface 33 intersects with one of the two cooling target surfaces 6a and 6b.
Owner:MITSUBISHI POWER LTD
Control device for internal combustion engine and control method for internal combustion engine
ActiveUS20180245546A1Decrease in thermal efficiencyImprove thermal efficiencyElectrical controlInternal combustion piston enginesElectronic control unitIntercooler
An internal combustion engine includes an intercooler configured to cool an intake gas compressed by a compressor, a cooler bypass passage configured to bypass the intercooler, and a cooler bypass valve configured to open and close the cooler bypass passage, and an exhaust gas recirculation gas is introduced into an upstream side of the intercooler. An electronic control unit is configured to open the cooler bypass valve during use of a high exhaust gas recirculation rate region, and to close the cooler bypass valve during use of a low exhaust gas recirculation rate region.
Owner:TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK
Diesel-type piston engine and a method for controlling a diesel-type piston engine
ActiveUS20060123781A1Improve internal efficiencyImprove thermal efficiencyElectrical controlInternal combustion piston enginesCombustion chamberNitrogen oxides
A piston engine and a method for controlling a diesel-type piston engine including at least one combustion chamber formed by a cylinder. A movably arranged piston is provided in each cylinder is connected to a crankshaft. An injection device is provided that is configured to inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber. Thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be increased while at the same time requirements relating to nitrogen oxide and soot particle emissions can also be maintained.
Owner:VOLVO LASTVAGNAR AB
High-CR precision casting materials and turbine blades
InactiveUS6095756AImprove high temperature strengthLight weightPropellersPump componentsNiobiumManganese
This invention relates to high-Cr precision casting materials containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium, niobium, nitrogen, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt and optionally boron in specific weight proportions, the balance being iron and incidental impurities, as well as turbine blades made by a precision casting process using these materials. Thus, the present invention provides high-Cr precision casting materials which are capable of precision casting and, moreover, have excellent high-temperature strength, as well as inexpensive and highly reliable turbine blades made by using these casting materials and such turbine blades also having lighter weight.
Owner:MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD
Microcombustors, microreformers, and methods involving combusting or reforming fluids
ActiveUS7585472B2Desirable performance capabilitySmall sizeChemical/physical/physico-chemical microreactorsCatalyst activation/preparationSteam reformingAlcohol
The invention describes combustors and steam reformers and methods of combustion and steam reforming. For example, integrated combustion reactors are described in which heat from combustion is transferred to an endothermic reaction. Thermally efficient reactors and methods of alcohol steam reforming are also described. Also described is an integrated combustor / reformer containing a methanation catalyst.
Owner:BATTELLE MEMORIAL INST
Preparation method of magnesium oxysulfate cementing material adopting silicon dioxide aerogel and building component
ActiveCN113979716AReduce thermal efficiencyImprove mechanical propertiesSolid waste managementCitric Acid / tartaric acidPhysical chemistry
The invention provides a magnesium oxysulfate cementing material adopting silicon dioxide aerogel, a preparation method of the magnesium oxysulfate cementing material and a building component. The magnesium oxysulfate cementing material adopting the silicon dioxide aerogel comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises, by mole, 1 part of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 8-12 parts of light calcined magnesia and 15-22 parts of water, and the content of active magnesium oxide in the light calcined magnesia ranges from 55% to 65%; the component B comprises a modifier and aerogel; the modifier is one of citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium malate or a mixture of the citric acid and the tartaric acid, the citric acid accounts for 0.7%-0.8% of the mass of the light calcined magnesia, and the tartaric acid and the sodium malate both account for 1.3%-1.8% of the mass of the light calcined magnesia; and the mass of the aerogel is 6% or less of that of the light calcined magnesia. According to the magnesium oxysulfate cementing material adopting the silicon dioxide aerogel, the mechanical property and the thermal insulation property of the magnesium oxysulfate cementing material can be improved.
Owner:HEBEI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Foamed ceramic insulation board and preparation method thereof
Owner:广西碳歌环保新材料股份有限公司
Variable system of internal combustion engine and method for controlling the same
InactiveUS20190285005A1Improve thermal efficiencyEffective compression ratioValve arrangementsElectrical controlExternal combustion engineInlet valve
A variable system of an internal combustion engine spaces a closing timing IVC of an intake valve apart from an intake bottom dead center BDC by a variable actuation valve mechanism and also increases a mechanical expansion ratio εE by a variable compression ratio mechanism when an engine torque increases to around a maximum engine torque. The variable system sets the closing timing IVC of the intake valve to a closing timing IVCd spaced apart from the intake bottom dead center BDC around the maximum engine torque. Due to this control, the variable system can reduce an effective compression ratio to enhance a knocking resistance capability, and, further, achieve improvement of thermal efficiency and also reduce a temperature of exhaust gas to prevent or reduce thermal damage on an exhaust-system component by increasing the mechanical expansion ratio.
Owner:HITACHI AUTOMOTIVE SYST LTD
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