A cultivation method of peanut cluster planting

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of crop cultivation technology, in particular to a peanut planting and dense planting cultivation method. The present application selects a wind-sand plot or a loam plot as a planting area, carries out land preparation and ridge formation to form a seeding ditch, applies mature organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer with the same nutrients in the seeding ditch, then applies inorganic fertilizer and carries out rotary tillage, carries out coating agent treatment on seeds, carries out seeding, seeds one seed per hole, removes weeds in time after seeding, keeps the soil moist during the flowering and pinning period and the podding period, sprays zinc sulfate aqueous solution during the seedling stage and the flowering and pinning period, sprays 500 times solution of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution during the late growth period, sprays growth regulators before and after peanut ridge closing, and harvests. The present application can improve the yield by about 8% by reducing the ridge width, increasing the planting density and adopting the one-seed-per-hole planting method, save the seeds by more than 6.67%, and effectively reduce the seed cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a peanut planting and high-density planting cultivation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop and economic crop in China. Compared with other oil crops, peanut has the advantages of large production scale, high benefit, high oil yield, and good oil quality. The annual planting area in China is about 70 million mu, and the total output reaches 17 million tons, accounting for about 50% of the total output of oil crops. Commonly used planting modes include equidistant planting mode and large ridge double-row planting mode, which mostly adopt 2-3 or more seeds per hole, resulting in the interlacing of underground roots of multiple plants in the same hole, and the competition for water, fertilizer, and light and heat resources, which not only causes differences in plant spatial distribution and development, but also limits the yield increase and affects the peanut planting income due to the large amount of seeds used.

[0003] Reasonable planting mode can not only exert the production potential of individuals, but also optimize the quality of peanut population. Planting mode and density are important factors limiting the yield increase of peanuts. Commonly used planting modes include 60-65 cm single ridge double-seed planting with a planting density of 23-24 holes / hm 2 , 2-3 seeds per hole, and a plant spacing of about 14 cm. However, this planting mode uses a large amount of seeds and is not balanced in resource allocation.

[0004] Therefore, we propose a peanut planting and high-density planting cultivation method. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a peanut planting and high-density planting cultivation method to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A peanut planting and high-density planting cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: selecting a flat, deep, and loose sandy or loamy land with medium or above soil fertility as the planting area; selecting a stubble field that has not been planted with peanuts and other legume crops as the stubble, or strip intercropping with grasses;

[0009] Step S2: plowing and ridging the sandy or loamy land to form a seeding ditch;

[0010] Step S3: applying mature organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer with the same nutrients in the seeding ditch, plowing, and then applying inorganic fertilizer and rotary plowing;

[0011] Step S4: Selecting peanut kernels with large and uniform size, full seeds and fresh color as seeds for coating agent treatment;

[0012] Step S5: Sowing;

[0013] Step S6: After the peanut is basically in line with seedlings, deep plowing is carried out without soil on the ridge ditch, small soil is applied on the ridge ditch at the beginning of flowering period, and the ridge is covered with soil to face the needle before ridge closing, combined with intertillage and timely removal of weeds;

[0014] Step S7: Water is poured or accumulated to make the water holding capacity of the soil 60% to 70% during the flowering and needle stage and the podding stage;

[0015] Step S8: Zinc sulfate aqueous solution is sprayed at the seedling stage and the flowering and needle stage, respectively, 1 time each; Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 500 times solution or dihydrogen potassium phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed at the later growth stage, 2 times;

[0016] Step S9: Growth regulator is sprayed in time when the height of the main stem reaches 30cm to 40cm before and after the peanut ridge is closed; The plant still has a tendency to grow in 7d to 10d after spraying, and the growth regulator is sprayed again;

[0017] Step S10: When 70% to 80% of the pod shells are hardened, the net patterns are clear, and the inner wall of the shell is cyan brown patch, the peanut is harvested and dried in time.

[0018] Further, the step S1 includes corn and sorghum.

[0019] Further, the specific steps of the step S2 are as follows:

[0020] The soil in the wind-sand land is deep plowed in spring, and spinning, ridging, sowing and pressing are completed at one time, the ridge height is 10cm to 12cm, and the ridge width is 45cm to 50cm; The soil in the loess land is plowed in autumn, the plowing depth is 15cm to 20cm, spinning, leveling and ridging are completed, the ridge height is 10cm to 12cm, the ridge width is 45cm to 50cm, and the soil is pressed to store water and protect the soil, the soil is plowed once every 2 to 3 years, and the depth is 30cm.

[0021] Further, the step S3 includes 2000kg to 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer or 100kg to 200kg of commercial organic fertilizer with the same nutrients per 667㎡.

[0022] Further, the step S3 includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, wherein the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 4kg to 5kg per 667㎡, the amount of phosphorus fertilizer is 10kg to 12kg per 667㎡, the amount of potassium fertilizer is 8kg to 10kg per 667㎡, and the amount of calcium fertilizer is 5kg to 6kg per 667㎡.

[0023] Further, in the step S4, the coating agent is compounded by 11% of prothioconazole and the stress-resistant seed coating agent.

[0024] Further, the total effective component of the stress-resistant seed coating agent is 14wt%, wherein prothioconazole is 1.2wt%, thifluzamide is 4.8wt%, thiram is 8wt%, and the rest is 2wt% of warning color and water.

[0025] Further, in the step S4, the liquid-solid ratio of the coating agent and peanut kernel is 400-500mL / 100kg.

[0026] Further, in the step S5, the specific steps of sowing are as follows:

[0027] The ridge distance is 45cm-50cm, the ridge surface width is 35cm-45cm, the ridge height is 10cm-12cm, the small row distance on the ridge is 10cm-15cm, the hole distance per row is 7cm-17cm, the seed distance from the ridge edge is ≥20cm, two rows are staggered on the ridge; wherein: the multi-grain type peanut is sowed at 235.3-333.3 million holes per hectare (plant distance 17cm-12cm), one seed per hole, and the seed kernel use amount per hectare is 102.35-145kg; the pearl bean type peanut is sowed at 400-571.4 million holes per hectare (plant distance 10cm-7cm), one seed per hole, and the seed kernel use amount per hectare is 233.2-333.14kg; the ordinary type peanut is sowed at 285.7-400 million holes per hectare (plant distance 14cm-10cm), one seed per hole, and the seed kernel use amount per hectare is 193.71-263.2kg; the average temperature of the soil plough layer 5cm deep within 5d is stabilized at 12-15℃, the sowing is carried out in early to middle May, the sowing depth is 3-5cm, and the relative water content of the soil during sowing is 65%-70%.

[0028] Further, in the step S8, the concentration of the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is 0.1wt%, the dosage is 50-75kg / 667㎡; the dosage of the 500-fold solution of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30-45kg / 667㎡; the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 0.2-0.3wt%, and the dosage is 30-45kg / 667㎡.

[0029] Further, in the step S9, the growth regulator is a 200-300mg / L solution of paclobutrazol, and the dosage is 70-75L / 667㎡.

[0030] Further, in the step S10, the specific steps of harvesting are as follows: the segmented harvesting method is adopted, the peanut harvesting machine digs, shakes the soil, lays on the original ridge, and dries in the field once, the plants are naturally air-dried in the field for 5-7d, and then the fruits are picked by the picking machine when the seed kernel moisture content is reduced to 10%-14%.

[0031] Further, the specific step of the step S10 is: airing until the moisture content of the seed kernel is 5-10%, and then storing in a breathable packaging bag.

[0032] Further, the compound fertilizer applied in the step S3 comprises the following components by weight: humic acid compound 6-15 parts, diatomite 3-8 parts, EDTA iron 0.1-2.0 parts, EDTA manganese 0.1-2.0 parts, EDTA zinc 0.1-5.0 parts, boric acid 0.1-8.0 parts, magnesium sulfate 10-15 parts, and surfactant 0.5-1.0 parts.

[0033] Further, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 1-2 kg per 667 m2.

[0034] Further, the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate.

[0035] Further, the preparation method of the humic acid compound is as follows:

[0036] Step (1): uniformly mix humic acid and deionized water, adjust the pH of the system to 3-4, add formaldehyde solution, heat to 80-90℃, and react for 1-2 h, then wash, filter, and dry to obtain pretreated humic acid;

[0037] Step (2): uniformly mix the pretreated humic acid and methylol urea, adjust the pH of the system to 4.8-5.2, heat to 80-100℃, and react for 2-4 h to obtain modified humic acid;

[0038] Step (3): uniformly mix acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide solution, uniformly mix the modified MOF and the modified humic acid, then uniformly mix N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and ammonium persulfate, heat to 70-80℃, and react for 3-5 h, then wash, dry, and filter to obtain the humic acid compound.

[0039] In the above technical solution, the humic acid is modified by formaldehyde, so that the number of alcohol hydroxyl groups on the surface of the humic acid is significantly increased to obtain pretreated humic acid; under acidic conditions, the alcohol hydroxyl groups on the surface of the pretreated humic acid undergo dehydration condensation reaction with methylol urea to obtain modified humic acid; under the action of ammonium persulfate initiator and N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide crosslinking agent, acrylic acid, modified humic acid, and modified MOF are used as raw materials to obtain the humic acid compound by aqueous solution polymerization, and the humic acid compound has the functions of water absorption, water retention, and nutrient slow release.

[0040] Further, in the step (1), the mass ratio of humic acid to deionized water is 1:(55-65).

[0041] Further, the mass of the formaldehyde solution in step (1) is 30-40% of the mass of the humic acid, and the concentration of the formaldehyde solution is 30-40wt%.

[0042] Further, the mass ratio of the pretreated humic acid to the methylol urea in step (2) is 1:(2-4).

[0043] Further, the mass ratio of the acrylic acid to the sodium hydroxide solution in step (3) is 1:(1.8-2.0), and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 18-22wt%.

[0044] Further, the mass ratio of the modified MOF to the modified humic acid in step (3) is 1:(4-6), and the mass of the modified MOF is 1-5% of the mass of the acrylic acid.

[0045] Further, the mass of the N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide in step (3) is 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the acrylic acid.

[0046] Further, the mass of the ammonium persulfate in step (3) is 0.3-0.5% of the mass of the acrylic acid.

[0047] Further, the preparation method of the modified MOF is as follows:

[0048] The 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and N,N-dimethylformamide are uniformly mixed, deionized water is added and uniformly mixed, triethylamine is added dropwise, the dropping is completed in 1-2h, the reaction is carried out for 5-7h, and then centrifugation, filtration and drying are carried out, and then the mercapto MOF is obtained by calcining at 190-220℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere for 2-3h; the mercapto MOF and 2-allylglycine are uniformly mixed, a photoinitiator is added and uniformly mixed, and then the modified MOF is obtained by ultraviolet irradiation.

[0049] In the above technical solution, the MOF is modified by 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid, and then a large number of hydrophilic groups are introduced through mercapto-alkene click reaction, so that it can participate in the aqueous solution polymerization reaction.

[0050] Further, the mass ratio of the 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and N,N-dimethylformamide is 1:(8-10):(12-15).

[0051] Further, the mass of the deionized water is 4-6% of the mass of the N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0052] Further, the mass of the triethylamine is 0.4-0.6% of the mass of the N,N-dimethylformamide.

[0053] Further, the mass ratio of the thiol MOF and 2-allyl glycine is 1:(2-3).

[0054] Further, the photoinitiator is 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, and the amount is 1-3% of the mass of the thiol MOF.

[0055] Further, the process conditions of the ultraviolet light irradiation are as follows: 360-380nm ultraviolet light irradiation for 10-30min, irradiation intensity 20-30mW / cm 2 .

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0057] 1. The peanut planting method of the present application can improve the yield by about 8%, save the seed by more than 6.67%, and effectively reduce the cost of seed by reducing the width of the ridge and increasing the planting density.

[0058] 2. The peanut planting method of the present application can improve the growth and yield of peanuts and improve the soil quality by compounding the humic acid complex and diatomite, adding trace elements and surfactants to prepare a compound fertilizer, thereby achieving the purpose of improving crop quality and production efficiency. By compounding the humic acid complex and diatomite, the synergistic effect of the two can be achieved, the nutrient content and fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer can be improved; the modified MOF in the humic acid complex can delay the release speed of nutrients and improve the nutrient utilization rate, and the humic acid complex has rich organic matter and nutrient elements, which can improve the soil structure and provide the nutrients required by plants; diatomite can provide micro-pore structure, increase soil aeration and water retention, and is beneficial to plant root growth and nutrient absorption; trace elements can supplement the lack of trace elements in the soil, promote plant growth and development, and improve crop yield and quality; surfactants can improve the dispersibility and permeability of the fertilizer, which is beneficial to the full dissolution and absorption of the fertilizer and improves the fertilizer efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in a clear and complete manner. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0060] Peanut kernels: four red, Jihua 17, from the Peanut Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (China Agricultural Science Northeast Innovation Center); Amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 500 times liquid: from Jinan Hongqiao Chemical Co., Ltd.; Mature organic fertilizer: fermented pure sheep manure, organic matter ≥45%, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥5%, amino acid ≥10%, moisture ≤30%, from Hebei Wolme Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; Nitrogen fertilizer: urea, total nitrogen ≥46.2%, from Shandong Jingwei Chemical Co., Ltd.; Phosphorus fertilizer: potassium dihydrogen phosphate, K2O ≥34%, P2O5 ≥52%, from Zhengzhou Suodun Chemical Co., Ltd.; Potassium fertilizer: potassium chloride, K2O ≥62%, from Shandong Hongteng Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; Calcium fertilizer: calcium sugar alcohol, calcium > 180 g / L, sugar alcohol > 90 g / L, from Shandong Jingwei Chemical Co., Ltd.; Humic acid: product number AOX68, from Jinan Ao Xiang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Diatomite: type CD01-140, particle size 100 mesh, Shengzhou Huali Diatomite Products Co., Ltd.; EDTA iron: iron ≥12.8%, from Shaanxi Chenming Biological Technology Co., Ltd.; EDTA manganese: manganese ≥12.5%, from Shanghai Haoyu Trading Co., Ltd.; EDTA zinc: zinc ≥14.5%, from Shandong Siyang Biological Technology Co., Ltd.

[0061] The test field of the present application is located in the test field of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province.

[0062] The specific preparation steps of the humic acid compound used in the present embodiment are as follows:

[0063] Step (1): 20 g of humic acid and 1200 g of deionized water were mixed uniformly, the pH of the system was adjusted to 3, 7 g of 35 wt% formaldehyde solution was added, the temperature was raised to 80℃, and the reaction was carried out for 1 h. After washing, filtering and drying, pretreated humic acid was obtained;

[0064] Step (2): 20 g of pretreated humic acid and 60 g of methylol urea were mixed uniformly, the pH of the system was adjusted to 5.0, the temperature was raised to 90℃, and the reaction was carried out for 3 h. Modified humic acid was obtained;

[0065] Step (3): 100 g of acrylic acid and 200 g of 20 wt% sodium hydroxide solution were mixed uniformly, 4 g of modified MOF and 20 g of modified humic acid were mixed uniformly, and then 0.2 g of N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and 0.4 g of ammonium persulfate were mixed uniformly. The temperature was raised to 75℃, and the reaction was carried out for 4 h. After washing, drying and filtering, a humic acid compound was obtained;

[0066] The preparation method of the modified MOF is as follows:

[0067] Mixing 0.5 g of 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid, 4 g of Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and 7 g of N,N-dimethylformamide uniformly, adding 0.35 g of deionized water uniformly, adding 0.035 g of triethylamine dropwise, dropping for 1.5 h, reacting for 6 h, after centrifugation, filtration and drying, calcining at 200℃ for 2.5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, to obtain a mercapto MOF; mixing 4 g of the mercapto MOF and 10 g of 2-allylglycine uniformly, adding 0.08 g of a photoinitiator uniformly, and irradiating under 370 nm ultraviolet light for 20 min at an irradiation intensity of 25 mW / cm 2 , to obtain a modified MOF.

[0068] Embodiment 1: A cultivation method for peanut cluster planting, comprising the following processes:

[0069] Step S1: selecting a wind-sand plot with an area of 9 m2, flat terrain, deep soil layer, soil fertility of medium or above, and loose texture as a planting area; selecting stubble land that has not been planted with peanuts and other legume crops as a stubble plot;

[0070] Step S2: carrying out land preparation and ridge formation (early spring, deep soil, rotary tillage, and ridge formation, ridge height 12 cm, ridge width 50 cm) on the wind-sand plot to form a seeding ditch;

[0071] Step S3: applying 2000 kg / 667 m2 of matured organic fertilizer in the seeding ditch, rotary tillage, and then applying 4 kg / 667 m2 of nitrogen fertilizer, 10 kg / 667 m2 of phosphorus fertilizer, 8 kg / 667 m2 of potassium fertilizer, and 5 g / 667 m2 of calcium fertilizer, and rotary tillage;

[0072] Step S4: selecting peanut kernels with large and uniform grains, full seeds, and fresh color as seeds for coating agent treatment (11% precise azoxystrobin and stress-resistant seed coating agent), and the seeds are semi-prostrate and multi-grain peanut variety "four red";

[0073] Step S5: sowing; the average temperature at a depth of 5 cm in the soil layer is stabilized at 12℃ within 5 days, sowing is carried out from early to middle May, the sowing depth is 3 cm, and the relative water content of the soil is 65% during sowing;

[0074] Step S6: after the peanuts are basically uniform, deepening the ridge ditch without soil, deepening the ridge ditch with small soil during the flowering period, and cultivating the soil to welcome the needle before ridge closing, combined with intertillage and timely removing weeds;

[0075] Step S7: during the flowering and needle stage and the podding stage, watering or piling up to make the soil water holding capacity 60%;

[0076] Step S8: spraying 50 kg / 667 m2 of 0.1 wt% zinc sulfate aqueous solution at the seedling stage and the flowering and needle stage, respectively, 1 time; spraying 30 kg / 667 m2 of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 500 times at the late growth stage, 2 times;

[0077] Step S9: After the peanut ridge, the main stem height reaches 30 cm, and timely spray 70 kg / 667 square meters of 200 mg / L paclobutrazol solution; 7 days after spraying, the plant still has the tendency of overgrowth, and spray again;

[0078] Step S10: When 70% of the pod shell hardens, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell is cyan brown spot, timely harvest and dry;

[0079] The specific steps of sowing are as follows: ridge distance 50 cm, ridge surface width 35 cm, ridge height 10 cm, small row distance 10 cm on the ridge, hole distance 7 cm-17 cm per row, seed distance from ridge edge 20 cm, 2 rows on the ridge, staggered planting; semi-prostrate type multi-grain peanut variety "four red" 235,300-333,300 holes per hectare (plant distance 17-12 cm), 1 seed per hole, seed kernel seed amount 102.35-145 kg per hectare;

[0080] According to the method disclosed in the above embodiment 1, adjust the experimental parameters to obtain the experimental groups described in Table 1; compared with embodiment 1, the plant distance of comparison groups 1, 2 and 3 is 7 cm, 9 cm and 10 cm respectively, and other processes and steps are unchanged; the single ridge width of the control group is 60 cm, 2 rows per ridge, double-grain sowing (23.81 million holes / hm 2 ), other processes and steps are unchanged; and the yields of comparison groups 1-3, experimental groups 1-3 and control group 1 are shown in Table 3.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] Embodiment 2: A kind of peanut planting cultivation method, comprising the following processes:

[0084] Compared with embodiment 1, the seed is the erect type pearl peanut variety "Ji Hua 17", and the pearl peanut is sown 4,000,000-5,714,000 holes per hectare (plant distance 10-7 cm); 1 seed per hole, seed kernel seed amount 233.20-333.14 kg per hectare, and other steps are the same as embodiment 1;

[0085] According to the method disclosed in the above embodiment 2, adjust the experimental parameters to obtain the experimental groups described in Table 1; compared with embodiment 2, the plant distance of comparison groups 4 and 5 is 12 cm and 14 cm respectively, and other processes and steps are unchanged; the single ridge width of the control group 2 is 60 cm, 2 rows per ridge, double-grain sowing (23.81 million holes / hm 2 ), other processes and steps are unchanged; and the yields of comparison groups 4-5, experimental groups 4-7 and control group 2 are shown in Table 4.

[0086] Table II

[0087]

[0088] Example 3: A cultivation method of peanut node planting, comprising the following processes:

[0089] Compared with Example 1, in step S3 of Example 3, 1 kg / 667 m2 of compound fertilizer is further applied, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: humic acid compound 10 parts, diatomite 5 parts, EDTA iron 1 part, EDTA manganese 1 part, EDTA zinc 1 part, boric acid 1 part, magnesium sulfate 12 parts, surfactant 0.8 parts, and other steps remain unchanged.

[0090] Comparative Example 1: A cultivation method of peanut node planting, comprising the following processes:

[0091] Compared with Example 3, in Comparative Example 1, the humic acid compound in the compound fertilizer is replaced by humic acid of the same mass, and other steps remain unchanged.

[0092] Experiment: The peanuts obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were taken to measure their yields.

[0093] Test results:

[0094] Table III

[0095]

[0096] Table IV

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] Table V

[0100]

[0101] According to the data in the above table, the following conclusions can be clearly obtained:

[0102] 1、From Table 2, it can be seen that with the decrease of density, the yield of four red showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the yield of experimental group 2 was higher, which increased by 6.40% compared with control group 1, and saved 40.00% of seeds. The number of full fruits per plant, the weight of 100 fruits and the productivity per plant all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the density treatment of experimental group 2 was the highest, which increased by 133.98%, 23.96% and 113.95% respectively compared with control group 1. The 100 kernel weight and the kernel rate of four red had no significant effect on different density treatments, the 100 kernel weight was 41.67g-44.42g, and the kernel rate was 68.29%-71.32%. The fruit weight per kilogram of different density treatments was lower than that of control group 1. The sparse planting provided growth space for the semi-prostrate variety "four red", which had higher photosynthetic performance in the early growth stage, and promoted growth and development. With the decrease of density, the yield of four red showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, the number of full fruits per plant, the weight of 100 fruits and the productivity per plant all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the fruit weight per kilogram of different density treatments was lower than that of control group 1. The individual fruit weight of four red variety increased, and the fruit weight per kilogram decreased, which indicated that the appropriate density of interlaced planting on the ridge could promote the growth of individual fruits of four red, and achieve the effect of saving cost and increasing yield.

[0103] 2、From Table 4, it can be seen that with the decrease of density, the yield of Jihua 17 showed a downward trend as a whole, and the yield of experimental group 7 was the highest, which increased by 8.62% compared with control, and saved 16.00% of seeds. The number of full fruits per plant and the productivity per plant all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the density treatment of experimental group 6 was the highest, which increased by 116.84% and 114.27% respectively compared with control group 2. The weight of 100 fruits of different treatments had no significant difference with control, and the 100 kernel weight and the kernel rate had no significant difference among different treatments except experimental group 4, the 100 kernel weight was 55.47g-60.07g, and the kernel rate was 63.26%-69.10%. The fruit weight per kilogram of different treatments was higher than that of control group 2, and the difference was not significant. According to the plant type index and the morphology of lateral branches, peanuts can be divided into three types: vine type, semi-vine type and erect type. Different planting modes have different effects on different types of peanut varieties. The vine type peanut variety has high individual yield potential and is suitable for sparse planting. The erect type peanut variety has compact plant type, which is beneficial to improve the yield of peanut population, and is suitable for dense planting. For the erect type peanut variety "Jihua 17", the high density treatment maintains good plant growth, and the interlaced single particle planting mode on the ridge is more likely to maintain high leaf photosynthetic performance of "Jihua 17" in the late growth stage. With the decrease of density, the yield of Jihua 17 showed a downward trend as a whole, the number of full fruits per plant and the productivity per plant all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the fruit weight per kilogram of different treatments was higher than that of control group 2, which indicated that the appropriate density of interlaced planting on the ridge could promote the growth of population fruits of Jihua 17, and achieve the effect of saving cost and increasing yield.

[0104] 3、As can be seen from Table 5, the application of the compound fertilizer helps to improve the growth effect and yield of peanuts, and compared with humic acid, the addition of humic acid compound in Example 1 is more conducive to improving the nutrient utilization rate, thereby achieving the effect of increasing yield.

[0105] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like can be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A cultivation method of peanut cluster planting, characterized by: It comprises the following steps: Step S1: selecting a flat, deep soil layer, soil fertility medium and above, loose texture of sandstorm land or loam land as the planting area; selecting the stubble land which has not planted peanuts and other legume crops as the stubble, or strip intercropping with gramineous crops; Step S2: land preparation and ridge formation are carried out on the sandstorm land or loam land to form a seeding ditch; Step S3: applying mature organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer with the same nutrients in the seeding ditch, ploughing, and then applying inorganic fertilizer and rotary ploughing; Step S4: selecting peanut kernels with large and uniform grains, full kernels and fresh color as seeds for coating agent treatment; Step S5: sowing; Step S6: after the peanuts are basically uniform, deepening the ridge ditch without soil, deepening the ridge ditch with small soil during the initial flowering period, and cultivating the soil to welcome the needle before the ridge is sealed, combined with intercultivation and timely removing weeds; Step S7: during the flowering and needle period and the podding period, water or accumulated water is poured to make the soil water holding capacity 60%-70%; Step S8: spraying zinc sulfate aqueous solution at the seedling stage and the flowering and needle stage, respectively spraying 1 time; spraying 500 times of aqueous solution of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer or aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times at the later growth stage; Step S9: before and after the peanuts are sealed, the main stem height reaches 30-40 cm, and the growth regulator is sprayed in time; after 7-10 days of spraying, the plant still has the tendency of overgrowth, and spraying is carried out again; Step S10: when 70%-80% of the pods are hardened, the net pattern is clear, and the inner wall of the shell is brownish green spot, harvesting and drying in time; The step S3 also applies compound fertilizer, which comprises the following components by weight: humic acid complex 6-15 parts, diatomite 3-8 parts, EDTA iron 0.1-2.0 parts, EDTA manganese 0.1-2.0 parts, EDTA zinc 0.1-5.0 parts, boric acid 0.1-8.0 parts, magnesium sulfate 10-15 parts, and surfactant 0.5-1.0 parts; The preparation method of the humic acid complex is as follows: Step (1): uniformly mixing humic acid and deionized water, adjusting the system pH to 3-4, adding formaldehyde solution, heating to 80-90℃, and reacting for 1-2h, then washing, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated humic acid; Step (2): uniformly mixing the pretreated humic acid and hydroxymethyl urea, adjusting the system pH to 4.8-5.2, heating to 80-100℃, and reacting for 2-4h to obtain modified humic acid; Step (3): uniformly mixing acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide solution, uniformly mixing modified MOF and modified humic acid, uniformly mixing N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide and ammonium persulfate, heating to 70-80℃, and reacting for 3-5h, then washing, drying, filtering to obtain the humic acid complex; The preparation method of the modified MOF is as follows: Mixing 2,5-dimercaptoterephthalic acid, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and N,N-dimethylformamide uniformly, adding deionized water and mixing uniformly, adding triethylamine dropwise, dropping for 1-2h, reacting for 5-7h, after centrifugation, filtration and drying, calcining at 190-220℃ for 2-3h under nitrogen atmosphere, obtaining mercapto MOF; mixing the mercapto MOF and 2-allyl glycine uniformly, adding a photoinitiator and mixing uniformly, after ultraviolet irradiation, obtaining a modified MOF; In the step S5, the specific steps of seeding are as follows: The ridge distance is 45cm-50cm, the ridge surface width is 35cm-45cm, the ridge width is 45cm-50cm, the ridge height is 10cm-12cm, the small row distance on the ridge is 10cm-15cm, the hole distance of each row is 7cm-17cm, the seed distance from the ridge edge is 20-30cm, and two rows are staggered and planted on the ridge.

2. The method for cultivating peanut in a cluster according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps of the land preparation and ridging in the step S2 are as follows: In the sandy land, the soil is deep loosened in spring, rotary plowing, ridging, seeding and pressing are completed once, the ridge height is 10cm-12cm, and the ridge width is 45cm-50cm; in the loam land, the soil is plowed in autumn, the plowing depth is 15cm-20cm, rotary plowing, ridging and pressing are completed, the ridge height is 10cm-12cm, the ridge width is 45cm-50cm, and the soil is pressed to store water and protect the soil, the deep plowing is carried out once every 2-3 years, and the depth is 30cm.

3. The method for cultivating peanut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S3, 2000kg-3000kg of rotten organic fertilizer or 100kg-200kg of commercial organic fertilizer with the same nutrients is applied per 667m2; the inorganic fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and calcium fertilizer, wherein the amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 4-5kg per 667m2, the amount of the phosphorus fertilizer is 10-12kg per 667m2, the amount of the potassium fertilizer is 8-10kg per 667m2, and the amount of the calcium fertilizer is 5-6kg per 667m2.

4. The method for cultivating peanut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S4, the coating agent is compounded by 11% of precise azoxystrobin and stress-resistant seed coating agent.

5. The method for cultivating peanut according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S5, the average temperature of the soil layer with a depth of 5cm is stabilized at 12℃-15℃ within 5d after seeding, the seeding is carried out in early to middle May, the seeding depth is 3cm-5cm, and the relative water content of the soil is 65%-70% during the seeding.

6. The method for cultivating peanut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S8, the concentration of the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is 0.1-0.2wt%, the amount is 50-75kg per 667m2, the amount of the 500-fold solution of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30-45kg per 667m2, and the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is 0.2-0.3wt%, the amount is 30-45kg per 667m2.

7. The method for cultivating peanut as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The specific harvesting step in the step S10 is: using the segmented harvesting method, the peanut harvesting machine digs, shakes the soil, lays on the original ridge, and completes the field drying once. The plants are naturally dried in the field for 5-7 days, and then are turned and dried along the ridge. When the seed kernel moisture content is reduced to 10%-14%, the fruit picking machine is used to pick the fruits.

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