A monitoring device and monitoring method for mine geological environment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a monitoring device for a mine geological environment and a monitoring method thereof, specifically relating to the field of geological monitoring, the device comprises a transmitting end seat and a receiving end seat mounted on a plate-agglomerated block, and the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat are respectively located on both sides of an oblique fissure B on a slope A, the plate-agglomerated block is constructed by a binder and a compactor on the soil surface on both sides of the oblique fissure B, a detection tube is arranged between the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat, a calibration mechanism is mounted on the detection tube, and a fiber optic grating sensor is mounted on the detection tube; the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat both comprise an installation box, a support mechanism is mounted at the bottom of the installation box, the support mechanism comprises a support seat, and a guide plate is mounted on the top of the support seat. The present invention ensures that the detection tube is always horizontally located at the monitoring position, prevents the plate-agglomerated block from affecting the detection tube due to a change in position, makes the deformation data monitored by the fiber optic grating sensor represent the change of the oblique fissure, and makes the measurement result more accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geological monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a monitoring device and a monitoring method for a mine geological environment. Background Art

[0002] Mining activities will have an impact on the surrounding ecosystems, water resources, soil and atmosphere, so it is very important to monitor the geological environment of mines. Through continuous monitoring of crack deformation, crack width, deformation and strain, the mechanism of mine geological disasters can be deeply analyzed to achieve advanced warning of mine geological disasters.

[0003] The existing technology monitors the geological environment of mines through the fiber grating method. The fiber grating method installs fiber grating sensors on both sides of the crack, and records the data of the distortion and deformation of the grating over a continuous period of time to represent the changes in the crack area during the period. The data of the distortion and deformation of the grating include length, shape and change rate, which can realize real-time and high-precision monitoring of the deformation of the crack area generated in the geological environment of the mine.

[0004] At present, when the slope of the mining geological slope is above 30 degrees, such as the middle and low mountainous areas in the southern plateau of the middle section of the East Kunlun Mountains on the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the altitude is 4201-5280 meters, the relative height difference is 100-1079 meters, it is a deep-cut high mountain area with strong terrain cutting, the valley is "V" shaped, the local slope can reach 70 degrees, the mountain is high and the slope is steep. The stratum is mainly the metamorphic clastic schist of the Bayankala Mountain Group of the Upper Triassic, followed by the Quaternary loose layer. On the surface of the mining geological slope, the fracture area usually appears as oblique fractures, which extend along the inclination direction of the slope. Extension, that is, extension in the direction of the surface slope. The transmitting end and receiving end of the fiber grating sensor are fixedly installed on the two side surfaces of the oblique crack respectively. The light signal generated by the transmitting end is transmitted through the detection tube in the middle and sent to the receiving end for measurement and analysis. The monitoring principle of the fiber grating sensor is based on the reflection and diffraction characteristics of the grating structure to the light of a specific wavelength. The spectral line changes are used to monitor the changes in the external environmental parameters, so as to achieve high-precision measurement of the strain parameters of the oblique crack, and the changes in the crack are obtained by monitoring the changes in the data.

[0005] At present, fiber grating sensors are fixed on the surfaces on both sides of the oblique cracks by pasting. First, the adhesive is applied to the soil surface on the crack surface, and then the soil surface is pressed down with a compactor so that the soil surface forms a plate block under the dual action of the adhesive and the compactor. Then the monitoring equipment is bonded to the plate block to ensure that the monitoring equipment is firmly fixed on the crack area. Finally, the fiber grating sensor transmitting end and receiving end of the monitoring equipment are adjusted to correspond to each other. The receiving end can receive the signal emitted by the transmitting end to carry out long-term continuous monitoring of the cracks.

[0006] Due to the unique soil conditions in the plateau environment, even if the workers compact the soil on both sides of the cracks during installation, the environment in the plateau is changeable. When it rains, landslides, mudslides and other disasters often occur on the slopes in the mining area with a larger slope. The loose soil on both sides of the oblique cracks will slide down the slope, loosening the soil around the above-mentioned agglomerates. Specifically, the supporting structure around the agglomerates changes, the supporting soil slides to the bottom of the slope, the position of the monitoring equipment changes, and the transmitting and receiving ends of the fiber grating sensor move relative to each other along the slope, causing the transmitting or receiving end to tilt diagonally downward and become misplaced. At this time, the monitored deformation data cannot represent the changes in the oblique cracks, affecting the measurement results of the fiber grating sensor. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a monitoring device for mining geological environment and a monitoring method thereof, aiming to solve the problem that the position of the monitoring equipment of the existing monitoring device for mining geological environment changes when disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flows occur, resulting in misalignment between the transmitting end and the receiving end.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a monitoring device for mining geological environment, comprising a transmitting end seat and a receiving end seat installed on a plate block, and the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat are respectively located on both sides of an oblique fissure B on a slope A, and the plate block is constructed by a binder and a compactor on the soil surface on both sides of the oblique fissure B, a detection tube is arranged between the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat, a calibration mechanism is installed on the detection tube, and a fiber optic grating sensor is installed on the detection tube; the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat both comprise an installation box, a supporting mechanism is installed at the bottom of the installation box, the supporting mechanism comprises a supporting seat, a guide plate is installed on the top of the supporting seat, a guide block is slidably arranged on the guide plate, the center of the guide block is rotatably connected to a center column, a center plate is installed at the bottom end of the center column, and the fiber optic grating sensor is installed on the center plate, when the supporting seat moves, the guide plate and the guide block move relative to each other, and the positions of the center column and the center plate remain unchanged; the calibration mechanism is installed on the inner side of the oblique fissure B, and the calibration mechanism is used to fix the position of the detection tube to remain unchanged.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a guide groove is provided in the middle of the guide plate, and the central column runs through the interior of the guide groove. When the support seat moves, the bottom end of the central column moves relative to the guide groove.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a cover plate is installed at the bottom of the support seat, and an inspection opening adapted for the cover plate is opened at the bottom of the support seat. The cover plate is detachably installed inside the inspection opening, and the cover plate is used to cover the bottom of the support seat.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a limiting groove is provided at the bottom of the support seat, and when the support seat moves, the guide plate rotates inside the limiting groove.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a connecting port is provided inside the support seat, a mounting groove is provided on the top of the support seat, the mounting groove is connected to the limiting groove through the connecting port, and when the support seat moves, the center column and the connecting port move relative to each other.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the mounting box is fixedly connected to a limiting cylinder, the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the end of the detection tube, and the two ends of the detection tube respectively pass through the interior of the limiting cylinder of the transmitting end seat and the interior of the limiting cylinder of the receiving end seat. When the support seat moves, the mounting box drives the limiting cylinder to move synchronously, and the limiting cylinder and the detection tube move relative to each other.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the calibration mechanism includes a calibration column, on which a sleeve is fixedly provided, and the detection tube passes through the interior of the sleeve, and the sleeve limits the radial movement of the detection tube.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, mounting heads are installed at both ends of the calibration column, the end of the mounting head away from the calibration column is pointed, and the end of the mounting head close to the calibration column is provided with a telescopic slot, and the two ends of the calibration column are movably arranged in the corresponding telescopic slots.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the fiber grating sensor includes a transmitter component and a receiver component, and the transmitter component and the receiver component are respectively fixedly mounted on the two ends of the detection tube, the transmitter component is fixedly mounted on the center plate of the transmitting end seat, and the receiver component is fixedly mounted on the center plate of the receiving end seat, and the input end of the transmitter component and the output end of the receiver component are both connected to optical fiber cables.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the geological environment of a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1: Soil surface construction: Use adhesive to apply to the soil surface on both sides of the oblique crack B, and then use a compactor to press the soil surface down, so that the soil surface forms a plate block under the dual action of the adhesive and the compactor;

[0019] S2: Positioning calibration, selecting a position for monitoring the oblique crack B, installing a calibration mechanism at the monitoring position, and the calibration column represents the position of the oblique crack B to be monitored;

[0020] S3: Install the equipment, bond the transmitting end seat and the receiving end seat to the plate blocks on both sides of the oblique crack B respectively, and use a calibrator to align the transmitting end seat, the receiving end seat and the detection tube for installation;

[0021] S4: Monitoring work, monitoring the strain of the oblique crack B through the fiber grating sensor and the detection tube;

[0022] S5: Balance adjustment. When the transmitting end seat or the receiving end seat slides down the slope A, the positions of the detection tube and the calibration column are kept unchanged through the self-balancing adjustment of the supporting mechanism.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The present invention keeps the positions of the detection tube and the fiber grating sensor unchanged under the fixed support of the calibration mechanism, thereby keeping the positions of the center plate and the center column unchanged. When the plate agglomeration drives the support seat to move, the position of the center plate remains unchanged, ensuring that the detection tube is always horizontally located at the monitoring position, preventing the plate agglomeration from affecting the detection tube due to the change in position, and making the deformation data monitored by the fiber grating sensor represent the change of the oblique crack, so that the measurement result is more accurate.

[0025] The present invention wedges two groups of mounting heads into the inner side of the oblique crack B and fixes and supports the detection tube through a sleeve. When the movement stroke of the plate agglomeration is too large, the detection tube gradually bends and is damaged. However, at this time, the transmitter component and the receiver component of the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor will not hit the inner wall of the mounting box. The fiber optic Bragg grating sensor can be recycled and reused, thereby reducing losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the transmitting end seat of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the installation box of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the support base of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the support seat of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom deflection of the support base of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the top deflection of the support seat of the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the calibration mechanism structure of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the plate agglomeration after displacement of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring device after displacement in the prior art.

[0037] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the monitoring method flow of the present invention.

[0038] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1. plate agglomerate; 2. transmitting end seat; 21. mounting box; 22. supporting mechanism; 220. supporting seat; 221. guide plate; 222. guide block; 223. center column; 224. center plate; 225. guide groove; 226. cover plate; 227. limiting groove; 228. connecting port; 229. mounting groove; 23. limiting cylinder; 24. optical fiber cable; 3. receiving end seat; 4. detection tube; 5. calibration mechanism; 51. calibration column; 52. sleeve; 53. mounting head; 6. optical fiber grating sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0040] Refer to the instruction manual Figures 1 to 11 A monitoring device for mining geological environment, comprising a transmitting end seat 2 and a receiving end seat 3 installed on a plate-agglomerated block 1, and the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 are respectively located on both sides of an oblique fissure B on a slope A, the plate-agglomerated block 1 is constructed by a binder and a compactor on the soil surface on both sides of the oblique fissure B, a detection tube 4 is arranged between the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3, a calibration mechanism 5 is installed on the detection tube 4, and a fiber grating sensor 6 is installed on the detection tube 4; the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 both include an installation box 21, a support mechanism 22 is installed at the bottom of the installation box 21, and the support mechanism 22 includes a support seat 220, a guide plate 221 is installed on the top of the support seat 220, a guide block 222 is slidably provided on the guide plate 221, the center of the guide block 222 is rotatably connected to a center column 223, a center plate 224 is installed on the bottom end of the center column 223, and the fiber grating sensor 6 is installed on the center plate 224. When the support seat 220 moves, the guide plate 221 and the guide block 222 move relative to each other, and the positions of the center column 223 and the center plate 224 remain unchanged; the calibration mechanism 5 is installed on the inner side of the oblique crack B, and the calibration mechanism 5 is used to fix the position of the detection tube 4 to remain unchanged.

[0041] It should be noted that the oblique crack B extends along the inclination direction of the slope A, and the plate block 1 is formed by applying an adhesive to the soil surface on both sides of the oblique crack B and then pressing the soil surface down with a compactor. The detection tube 4 is a prior art in the field, and its two ends are axially retractable, which is convenient for the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor 6 to monitor the strain data of the detection tube 4 along the axial direction. Both sides of the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 are provided with ear plates, and the ear plates are fixed to the plate block 1 with bolts, which can enhance the installation stability of the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3. The two ends of the guide plate 221 are arc-shaped, and the cross-section of the guide plate 221 is concave. The guide block 222 is slidably set in the concave groove of the guide plate 221. A battery is installed inside the center plate 224, and a wire hole is opened on the top of the center plate 224 to facilitate the connection between the battery and the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor 6 and power the fiber optic Bragg grating sensor 6. The calibration mechanism 5 is installed at the monitoring position of the oblique crack B.

[0042] In this embodiment, the implementation scenario is specifically as follows: when it rains at slope A, the loose soil on both sides of the oblique crack B will slide down along the slope of slope A, loosening the soil around the agglomerated block 1, and the supporting structure around the agglomerated block 1 changes. The weakening of the supporting force causes the agglomerated block 1 to slide down to the bottom of the slope, and the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 move relative to each other along the slope. Under the fixed support of the calibration mechanism 5, the positions of the detection tube 4 and the fiber grating sensor 6 remain unchanged, thereby keeping the positions of the center plate 224 and the center column 223 unchanged. When the agglomerated block 1 drives the support seat 220 to slide down, the guide plate 221 first rotates to be parallel to the sliding direction, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 5 and Figure 6 Then the guide block 222 moves relative to the concave groove of the guide plate 221, that is, when the central column 223 remains stationary, the guide plate 221 moves downward following the support seat 220. When the plate block 1 drives the support seat 220 to move obliquely to both sides, the guide plate 221 first rotates to be parallel to the deflection direction, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The guide block 222 moves relative to the concave groove of the guide plate 221. When the center column 223 remains stationary, the guide plate 221 follows the support seat 220 to move in the oblique direction, so that the position of the center plate 224 remains unchanged, ensuring that the detection tube 4 is always horizontally located at the monitoring position, preventing the plate agglomerate 1 from affecting the detection tube 4 due to the change in position, so that the deformation data monitored by the fiber grating sensor 6 represents the change in the oblique crack, and the measurement result is more accurate.

[0043] Furthermore, a guide groove 225 is provided in the middle of the guide plate 221 , and the center column 223 passes through the inside of the guide groove 225 . When the support seat 220 moves, the bottom end of the center column 223 moves relative to the guide groove 225 .

[0044] It should be noted that the width of the guide groove 225 is smaller than the width of the guide block 222 , and the width of the guide groove 225 is larger than the diameter of the center column 223 , so as to facilitate the relative movement of one end of the center column 223 connected to the guide block 222 inside the guide groove 225 .

[0045] Furthermore, a cover plate 226 is installed at the bottom of the support seat 220 , and an inspection opening adapted for the cover plate 226 is opened at the bottom of the support seat 220 . The cover plate 226 can be detachably installed inside the inspection opening, and the cover plate 226 is used to cover the bottom of the support seat 220 .

[0046] It should be noted that the sliding of the guide plate 221 and the guide block 222 is inspected through the inspection port to ensure smooth sliding of the two. Lubricant can be added when necessary to minimize the friction between the guide plate 221 and the guide block 222. The cover plate 226 is installed inside the inspection port by screws, and then the cover plate 226 at the bottom is bonded to the plate block 1 to facilitate maintenance while preventing dust from adhering to the surface of the guide plate 221 and the guide block 222.

[0047] Furthermore, a limiting groove 227 is provided at the bottom of the support seat 220 , and when the support seat 220 moves, the guide plate 221 rotates inside the limiting groove 227 .

[0048] It should be noted that the limiting groove 227 serves to limit the guide plate 221 , so that the support seat 220 can drive the guide plate 221 to slide down or deflect without affecting the rotation of the guide plate 221 .

[0049] Furthermore, a connecting port 228 is provided inside the support seat 220, and a mounting groove 229 is provided on the top of the support seat 220. The mounting groove 229 is connected to the limiting groove 227 through the connecting port 228. When the support seat 220 moves, the center column 223 and the connecting port 228 move relative to each other.

[0050] It should be noted that the center column 223 passes through the installation groove 229, the connecting port 228 and the guide groove 225 to rotate and connect the center of the guide block 222. The connecting port 228 provides a space for relative movement for the center column 223, and the installation groove 229 provides a space for relative movement for the center plate 224.

[0051] When the movement stroke of the plate agglomerate 1 is too large, the fiber grating sensor 6 will hit the inner wall of the installation box 21 under the connection of the detection tube 4, causing damage and causing excessive losses. In order to solve this problem, the following technical solutions are also provided:

[0052] Refer to the instruction manual Figures 1 to 4 , Figures 9 and 10One end of the mounting box 21 is fixedly connected to the limiting cylinder 23, the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder 23 is larger than the outer diameter of the end of the detection tube 4, and the two ends of the detection tube 4 respectively pass through the limiting cylinder 23 of the transmitting end seat 2 and the limiting cylinder 23 of the receiving end seat 3. When the support seat 220 moves, the mounting box 21 drives the limiting cylinder 23 to move synchronously, and the limiting cylinder 23 and the detection tube 4 move relative to each other.

[0053] It should be noted that the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder 23 is smaller than the width of the installation box 21 . When the detection tube 4 contacts the inner wall of the limiting cylinder 23 , there is still a distance between the fiber grating sensor 6 and the inner wall of the installation box 21 .

[0054] Furthermore, the calibration mechanism 5 includes a calibration column 51 , on which a sleeve 52 is fixedly provided, and the detection tube 4 passes through the interior of the sleeve 52 , and the sleeve 52 limits the radial movement of the detection tube 4 .

[0055] It should be noted that the sleeve 52 provides limited support for the detection tube 4 in the radial direction and does not affect the axial strain of the detection tube 4 in the axial direction.

[0056] Furthermore, mounting heads 53 are installed at both ends of the calibration column 51. The end of the mounting head 53 away from the calibration column 51 is pointed, and the end of the mounting head 53 close to the calibration column 51 is provided with a telescopic groove. The two ends of the calibration column 51 are movably arranged in the corresponding telescopic grooves.

[0057] It should be noted that the calibration column 51 is conveniently supported by the mounting head 53 without affecting the axial movement of the calibration column 51 .

[0058] Furthermore, the fiber grating sensor 6 includes a transmitter component and a receiver component, and the transmitter component and the receiver component are respectively fixedly mounted on the two ends of the detection tube 4, the transmitter component is fixedly mounted on the center plate 224 of the transmitting end seat 2, and the receiver component is fixedly mounted on the center plate 224 of the receiving end seat 3, and the input end of the transmitter component and the output end of the receiver component are both connected to the optical fiber cable 24.

[0059] It should be noted that the transmitter assembly and the receiver assembly and the corresponding center plate 224 are installed in the middle of the installation box 21 to leave space for balance adjustment.

[0060] In this embodiment, the implementation scenario is specifically as follows: two sets of mounting heads 53 are wedged into the inner side of the oblique crack B, the middle calibration column 51 can move axially, and the detection tube 4 is fixedly supported by the sleeve 52. When the movement stroke of the plate block 1 is too large, the detection tube 4 first contacts the limiting tube 23. At this time, it is the maximum range of the balance adjustment. Then, under the pulling of the plate block 1, the detection tube 4 is gradually bent and damaged. However, at this time, the transmitter component and the receiver component of the fiber grating sensor 6 will not hit the inner wall of the mounting box 21. The fiber grating sensor 6 can be recycled and reused, thereby reducing losses. According to the on-site conditions, the diameter of the limiting tube 23 can be increased or decreased.

[0061] Working principle:

[0062] 1. Install the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 on the corresponding plate block 1, and fix the calibration mechanism 5 at the monitoring position of the oblique crack B.

[0063] 2. When the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 have relative movement along the slope, balance adjustment is performed, and the center column 223 and the center plate 224 are kept in the same position through the calibration mechanism 5, the guide plate 221 and the guide block 222.

[0064] 3. The travel and amplitude of the balance adjustment are limited by the limiting cylinder 23.

[0065] Fourth, when the detection tube 4 is bent and damaged, the transmitter component and the receiver component of the fiber grating sensor 6 are recycled and reused.

[0066] Refer to the instruction manual Fig.12 The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the geological environment of a mine, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1: soil surface construction, using a binder to apply to the soil surface on both sides of the oblique crack B, and then using a compactor to press the soil surface down, so that the soil surface forms a plate block 1 under the dual action of the binder and the compactor;

[0068] S2: Positioning and calibration, selecting a position for monitoring the oblique crack B, installing a calibration mechanism 5 at the monitoring position, and a calibration column 51 represents the position of the oblique crack B to be monitored;

[0069] S3: Install the equipment, adhere the transmitting end seat 2 and the receiving end seat 3 to the plate blocks 1 on both sides of the oblique crack B respectively, and use a calibrator to align and install the transmitting end seat 2, the receiving end seat 3 and the detection tube 4;

[0070] S4: Monitoring work, monitoring the strain of the oblique crack B through the fiber grating sensor 6 and the detection tube 4;

[0071] S5: Balance adjustment. When the transmitting end seat 2 or the receiving end seat 3 slides down the slope A, the positions of the detection tube 4 and the calibration column 51 are kept unchanged through the self-balancing adjustment of the supporting mechanism 22.

[0072] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for a mine geological environment, characterized in that: The invention comprises a transmitting end seat (2) and a receiving end seat (3) mounted on a plate-bound block (1), wherein the transmitting end seat (2) and the receiving end seat (3) are respectively located on both sides of an oblique fissure B on a slope A, wherein the plate-bound block (1) is constructed by applying a binder and a compactor to the soil surface on both sides of the oblique fissure B, wherein a detection tube (4) is arranged between the transmitting end seat (2) and the receiving end seat (3), wherein a calibration mechanism (5) is installed on the detection tube (4), and wherein a fiber optic grating sensor (6) is installed on the detection tube (4); wherein the transmitting end seat (2) and the receiving end seat (3) both comprise an installation box (21), wherein a support mechanism (22) is installed at the bottom of the installation box (21), wherein the support mechanism (22) comprises a support seat (220), wherein a guide plate (221) is installed at the top of the support seat (220), wherein the guide plate A guide block (222) is slidably provided on (221), the center of the guide block (222) is rotatably connected to a center column (223), the bottom end of the center column (223) is installed with a center plate (224), the fiber grating sensor (6) is installed on the center plate (224), when the support seat (220) moves, the guide plate (221) and the guide block (222) move relative to each other, and the positions of the center column (223) and the center plate (224) remain unchanged; the calibration mechanism (5) is installed on the inner side of the oblique crack B, the calibration mechanism (5) is used to fix the position of the detection tube (4) unchanged, the bottom of the support seat (220) is provided with a limiting groove (227), when the support seat (220) moves, the guide plate (221) rotates inside the limiting groove (227).

2. A monitoring device for a mine geological environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide groove (225) is provided in the middle of the guide plate (221), and the central column (223) passes through the interior of the guide groove (225). When the support seat (220) moves, the bottom end of the central column (223) moves relative to the guide groove (225).

3. A monitoring device for a mine geological environment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cover plate (226) is installed at the bottom of the support seat (220), and an inspection opening adapted for the cover plate (226) is opened at the bottom of the support seat (220). The cover plate (226) is detachably installed inside the inspection opening, and the cover plate (226) is used to cover the bottom of the support seat (220).

4. A monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 3, characterized in that: A limiting groove (227) is provided at the bottom of the support seat (220); when the support seat (220) moves, the guide plate (221) rotates inside the limiting groove (227).

5. A monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting port (228) is provided inside the support seat (220), and a mounting groove (229) is provided on the top of the support seat (220). The mounting groove (229) is connected to the limiting groove (227) via the connecting port (228). When the support seat (220) moves, the central column (223) and the connecting port (228) move relative to each other.

6. A monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the installation box (21) is fixedly connected to a limiting cylinder (23); the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder (23) is larger than the outer diameter of the end of the detection tube (4); the two ends of the detection tube (4) respectively penetrate the interior of the limiting cylinder (23) of the transmitting end seat (2) and the interior of the limiting cylinder (23) of the receiving end seat (3); when the support seat (220) moves, the installation box (21) drives the limiting cylinder (23) to move synchronously, and the limiting cylinder (23) and the detection tube (4) move relative to each other.

7. A monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calibration mechanism (5) comprises a calibration column (51), a sleeve (52) is fixedly provided on the calibration column (51), the detection tube (4) passes through the interior of the sleeve (52), and the sleeve (52) limits the radial movement of the detection tube (4).

8. The monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both ends of the calibration column (51) are provided with mounting heads (53); the end of the mounting head (53) away from the calibration column (51) is pointed; the end of the mounting head (53) close to the calibration column (51) is provided with a telescopic slot; and the two ends of the calibration column (51) are movably arranged inside the corresponding telescopic slots.

9. A monitoring device for mining geological environment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fiber grating sensor (6) comprises a transmitter component and a receiver component, and the transmitter component and the receiver component are respectively fixedly mounted on the two ends of the detection tube (4), the transmitter component is fixedly mounted on the central plate (224) of the transmitting end seat (2), and the receiver component is fixedly mounted on the central plate (224) of the receiving end seat (3), and the input end of the transmitter component and the output end of the receiver component are both connected to an optical fiber cable (24).

10. A monitoring method for a monitoring device for a mine geological environment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: soil surface construction, using an adhesive to apply the soil surface on both sides of the oblique crack B, and then using a compactor to press the soil surface downward, so that the soil surface forms a plate block (1) under the dual action of the adhesive and the compactor; S2: positioning and calibration, selecting a position for monitoring the oblique crack B, installing a calibration mechanism (5) at the monitoring position, and the calibration column (51) represents the position of the oblique crack B to be monitored; S3: installing the equipment, bonding the transmitting end seat (2) and the receiving end seat (3) respectively on the oblique crack B; On the plate blocks (1) on both sides of the crack B, a calibration instrument is used to align and install the transmitting end seat (2), the receiving end seat (3) and the detection tube (4); S4: monitoring work, the strain of the oblique crack B is monitored by the fiber optic grating sensor (6) and the detection tube (4); S5: balance adjustment, when the transmitting end seat (2) or the receiving end seat (3) slides down the slope A, the position of the detection tube (4) and the calibration column (51) is kept unchanged through the self-balancing adjustment of the support mechanism (22).

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