A method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data, the steps of which include: by acquiring land object data sets at different levels and scales, identifying ecological source areas at multiple different scales in the coastal zone, constructing the corresponding ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, identifying and extracting the corresponding ecological corridors in the coastal zone, obtaining a large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern, a medium-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern, and a small-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern; and then obtaining a composite coastal zone ecological security pattern by fusing the coastal zone ecological security patterns at different scales. This method fully considers the particularity of coastal zone development and natural ecosystems by constructing and fusing coastal zone ecological security patterns at multiple scales, improves the reliability and accuracy of the coastal zone ecological security pattern, and has the advantage of universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of resources and environmental science, and in particular to a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data. Background Art

[0002] The coastal zone is a narrow and long area where terrestrial and marine ecosystems interact with each other. It is a connecting zone between land and sea. Its ecological environment is affected by both land and sea. The construction of the coastal zone ecological security pattern is carried out through the paradigm of "ecological source-ecological resistance surface-ecological corridor". The goal of the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction is to use as few ecological resources as possible to support the needs of regional social and economic sustainable development while meeting the basic ecological security of the region. It is the result of a balance between the regional ecological service function and the social and economic development function. It can alleviate the crisis of the ecological environment on the basis of ensuring ecological security and coordinate the contradictions between regional ecological security and social and economic development.

[0003] However, in the process of constructing the coastal ecological security pattern in the existing technology, the selection of indicators often does not fully consider the particularity of the coastal ecosystem, especially the blue carbon ecosystem with a small area but high ecosystem services, and the port economy with high economic value but a greater impact on the natural ecosystem of the coastal zone. Secondly, the data source used in the construction of the existing coastal ecological security pattern is relatively single and has the problem of low resolution, which leads to a decrease in the accuracy of the results of the ecological security pattern construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data, which can fully consider the particularity of the coastal area and improve the reliability and accuracy of the constructed coastal ecological security pattern.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data comprises the following steps: obtaining satellite remote sensing images of a coastal zone to obtain a high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set; based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, obtaining remote sensing data of land space, land-sea space and offshore ocean space to construct a large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system; evaluating the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone according to a preset large-scale value assignment standard and the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining high-value areas in the coastal zone, and obtaining a large-scale ecological source in the coastal zone; based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, obtaining the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone The large-scale resistance factors of the coastal zone include the land use type of each area in the coastal zone, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the road, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the water system, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the coastal ecosystem and the typical marine ecosystem, and the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the island; according to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone, the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone is constructed; based on the large-scale ecological source of the coastal zone and the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory, the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone is identified. The large-scale ecological corridors in the coastal zone are used to obtain the large-scale coastal ecological security pattern; UAV remote sensing images of the coastal zone are obtained to obtain UAV remote sensing data sets; based on the UAV remote sensing data sets, a mesoscale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed; according to the preset mesoscale assignment standard and the mesoscale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the importance of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated, and multiple important levels of areas in the coastal zone are obtained to obtain the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone; the habitat quality index of the coastal zone is obtained as the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone; based on the mesoscale ecological source area and the The mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone is identified according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the mesoscale ecological corridor of the coastal zone is obtained to obtain the mesoscale coastal ecological security pattern; the monitoring data of the ground monitoring network in the coastal zone and the detection data of the sea surface monitoring network in the coastal zone are obtained to obtain the ground and sea surface data sets; based on the ground and sea surface data sets, a small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed; according to the preset small-scale assignment standard and the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated, the ecological resource-rich area in the coastal zone is obtained, and the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone is obtained;Construct a coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, evaluate the coastal zone according to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, and obtain the ecological risk of the coastal zone as the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone; based on the small-scale ecological source area of ​​the coastal zone and the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, identify the small-scale ecological corridor of the coastal zone according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, and obtain the small-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern; integrate the coastal zone ecological security patterns of different scales to obtain a composite coastal zone ecological security pattern. ;

[0007] Compared with the existing technology, the method described in the present invention constructs a large-scale coastal ecological security pattern, a medium-scale coastal ecological security pattern and a small-scale coastal ecological security pattern, and then integrates the coastal ecological security patterns of different scales to obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern. It fully takes into account the particularity of coastal area development and natural ecosystems, has a certain universality, and improves the reliability and accuracy of the constructed coastal ecological security pattern.

[0008] For better understanding and implementation, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system constructed in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0011] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system constructed in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0012] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system constructed in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0013] Figure 5 A flow chart of the steps of obtaining a large-scale ecological source area in a coastal zone in a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0014] Figure 6 A flow chart of the steps of constructing a large-scale ecological resistance surface in a coastal zone in a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0015] Figure 7 A flow chart of the steps of obtaining a large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0016] Figure 8 A flow chart of the steps of obtaining mesoscale ecological sources in the coastal zone in the method for constructing the coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0017] Fig. 9 A flow chart of the steps of constructing a mesoscale ecological resistance surface in a coastal zone in a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0018] Fig.10 A flow chart of the steps of obtaining a mesoscale coastal zone ecological security pattern in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0019] Fig.11 A flow chart of the steps of constructing a small-scale ecological resistance surface in a coastal zone in a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0020] Fig.12 A flow chart of the steps of obtaining a composite coastal zone ecological security pattern in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0021] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set in the method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0022] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing data set in the method for constructing a coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0023] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of ground and sea surface data sets in the method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention;

[0024] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system in the coastal zone ecological security pattern construction method based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention provides a method for constructing a coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data. In order to make the purpose, technical solution and effect of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0026] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless expressly stated, the singular forms "one", "said", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. It should be understood that when we refer to an element as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein includes all or any unit and all combinations of one or more associated listed items.

[0027] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in general dictionaries should be understood to have meanings consistent with the meanings in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted with idealized or overly formal meanings unless specifically defined as herein.

[0028] The invention is further described below by describing embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for constructing a coastal zone ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data provided by the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:

[0030] S10, obtain satellite remote sensing images of the coastal area and obtain high-altitude satellite remote sensing data sets;

[0031] S20, based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, obtaining remote sensing data of land space, land-sea space and offshore ocean space, and constructing a large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0032] S30, evaluating the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone according to the preset large-scale value assignment standard and the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining the high-value area in the coastal zone, and obtaining the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone;

[0033] S40, based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, obtaining data on the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone, wherein the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone includes the land use type of each area in the coastal zone, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the road, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the water system, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the coastal ecosystem and the typical marine ecosystem, and the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the island;

[0034] S50, constructing a large-scale ecological resistance surface for the coastal zone according to a resistance value reference standard corresponding to a preset large-scale resistance factor and data on the large-scale resistance factor for the coastal zone;

[0035] S60, based on the large-scale ecological source area and the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory, identify the large-scale ecological corridor of the coastal zone to obtain the large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern;

[0036] S70, obtaining UAV remote sensing images of the coastal area and obtaining a UAV remote sensing data set;

[0037] S80. Based on the UAV remote sensing data set, construct a mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0038] S90, evaluating the importance of each area in the coastal zone according to the preset mesoscale value assignment standard and the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining multiple important levels of areas in the coastal zone, and obtaining the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone;

[0039] S100, obtaining a habitat quality index of a coastal zone as a mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone;

[0040] S110, based on the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone and the mesoscale ecological resistance surface in the coastal zone, according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, identifying the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone, and obtaining the mesoscale coastal zone ecological security pattern;

[0041] S120, acquiring monitoring data of a ground monitoring network in a coastal zone and detection data of a sea surface monitoring network in a coastal zone, and obtaining ground and sea surface data sets;

[0042] S130, constructing a small-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system based on the ground and sea surface datasets;

[0043] S140, evaluating the ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone according to the preset small-scale value assignment standard and the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining the ecological resource-rich area in the coastal zone, and obtaining the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone;

[0044] S150, constructing a coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, evaluating the coastal zone according to a preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, and obtaining the ecological risk of the coastal zone as a small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone;

[0045] S160, based on the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone and the small-scale ecological resistance surface in the coastal zone, according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, identifying the small-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone to obtain the small-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern;

[0046] S170. Integrate the coastal ecological security patterns of different scales to obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern.

[0047] For step S10, obtaining satellite remote sensing images of the coastal area to obtain a high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set;

[0048] Among them, the satellite remote sensing image refers to a film or photograph of electromagnetic waves of different wavelengths reflected or radiated by different areas and objects on the earth's surface recorded by remote sensing satellites. In one embodiment, the characteristic information and other data of the objects are obtained by remote sensing images recorded by satellites such as the Gaofen series optical satellites, the Sentinel series, the Environmental series, and the Worldview series.

[0049] Please refer to Fig.13In one embodiment, the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set includes at least a basic terrain data set, a natural resource data set, an ecological environment data set, an ecological element data set, a climate disaster data set and a socio-economic data set; the basic terrain data set includes at least elevation, slope, slope length and landform data; the natural resource data set includes at least the scale of forest, wetland, water area and nearshore sea ecosystem and their corresponding characteristic change data; the ecological environment data set includes at least air quality, surface water environment quality, nearshore seawater environment quality and soil environment quality; the ecological element data set includes at least vegetation coverage, photosynthetically active radiation absorption rate and vegetation productivity; the climate disaster data set includes at least surface temperature, air temperature, surface evapotranspiration data, geological disaster data, red tide data and coastal erosion data; the socio-economic data set includes at least coastal zone utilization data, night light data, population density data and GDP density data.

[0050] For step S20, based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, remote sensing data of land space, land-sea space and offshore ocean space are obtained to construct a large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0051] Please refer to Figure 2 In one embodiment, the coastal zone is divided into land space, land-sea space and offshore marine space as the evaluation scope of the large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, and the natural resources of the land space, the air quality of the land space, the surface water quality of the land space, the soil environmental quality of the land space, the ecological elements of the land space, the climate disaster data set of the land space, the socio-economic data set of the land space, the natural resources of the land-sea space, the air quality of the land-sea space, the surface water quality of the land-sea space, the sediment environmental quality of the land-sea space, the coastal zone utilization of the land-sea space, the natural resources of the offshore marine space, the coastal seawater environmental quality of the offshore marine space and the climate disaster data of the offshore marine space are taken as the evaluation scope of the large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system. The ecological sensitivity types of the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system are set as the ecological sensitivity types, and the natural resources of the land space, the air quality of the land space, the surface water quality of the land space, the soil environmental quality of the land space, the ecological elements of the land space, the climate disaster data set of the land space, the socio-economic data set of the land space, the natural resources of the land and sea space, the air quality of the land and sea space, the surface water quality of the land and sea space, the sediment environmental quality of the land and sea space, the coastal zone utilization of the land and sea space, the natural resources of the offshore marine space, the coastal seawater environmental quality of the offshore marine space and the climate disaster data set of the offshore marine space are used as evaluation indicators to construct a large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.

[0052] Please refer again Figure 2 In one embodiment, the data of natural resources of the land space at least include forest area, shrub area and grassland area; the data of air quality of the land space at least include the concentration of inhalable particulate matter, greenhouse gas and sulfur dioxide in the land space; the data of surface water quality of the land space at least include the black and smelly water conditions of rivers and lakes, the amount of garbage on the water surface and the concentration of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in the water body; the data of soil environmental quality of the land space at least include the soil particle size, organic matter and heavy metal concentration in the land and sea space; the data of ecological elements of the land space at least include vegetation coverage, photosynthetically active radiation absorption rate and vegetation productivity; the data of climate disaster data set of the land space at least include surface temperature, air temperature, surface evapotranspiration and geological disaster risk data; the data of socio-economic data set of the land space at least include built-up area distribution, population density and GDP density; the data of natural resources of the land and sea space at least include mangroves, salt marsh wetlands and landscaping areas. and the area of ​​waters; the data on the air quality of the land-sea space at least include the concentrations of inhalable particulate matter, greenhouse gases, and sulfur dioxide in the land-sea space; the data on the surface water quality of the land-sea space at least include the conditions of black and odorous water bodies in estuary areas or artificial interaction areas, the amount of surface garbage, and the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and organic pollutants in the water bodies; the data on the sediment environment quality of the land-sea space at least include the soil particle size, organic matter, and heavy metal concentrations in the sea-land interaction area; the data on the coastal zone utilization of the land-sea space at least include the land use types and area distribution of construction land, cultivated land, seawater aquaculture, and airport land; the data on the natural resources of the offshore marine space at least include the area of ​​coral reefs and seagrass beds; the data on the environmental quality of the coastal seawater of the offshore marine space at least include the amount of garbage in the offshore ocean, and the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, and organic pollutants in the seawater; the data on the climate disaster data set of the offshore marine space at least include the data on storm surges, red tides, and coastal erosion.

[0053] For step S30, the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated according to the preset large-scale value assignment standard and the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the high-value area in the coastal zone is obtained, and the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone is obtained;

[0054] Among them, the preset large-scale assignment standard refers to the ecological environmental sensitivity corresponding to the data range of the preset indicators and the preset ecological environmental sensitivity assignment standard, and the ecological source area includes at least cultivated land, forest land, grassland, garden, water area, unused land and construction land.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 5In one embodiment, step S30 specifically includes the following steps:

[0056] S301, based on the analytic hierarchy process, subjectively weighting each indicator in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system to obtain the weight of each indicator in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0057] The analytic hierarchy process refers to a decision analysis method that combines qualitative and quantitative analysis to solve complex multi-objective problems.

[0058] In one embodiment, the analytic hierarchy process is applied to combine quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis, and experience is used to judge the relative importance of various indicators, and based on this, the weight of each indicator is obtained, which can be effectively applied to those topics that are difficult to solve with quantitative methods.

[0059] S302, assigning scores to the preset data ranges of various indicators according to the ecological environment sensitivity corresponding to the preset data ranges of various indicators and the preset ecological environment sensitivity assignment standard, to obtain the scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of various indicators;

[0060] The ecological environment sensitivity corresponding to the data range of the preset indicators and the preset ecological environment sensitivity value assignment standard are obtained by presetting and grading the values ​​according to the characteristics of the coastal ecosystem by technicians. In one embodiment, the evaluation can also be obtained by obtaining previous research literature and local geographic information and applying the hierarchical analysis method.

[0061] In one embodiment, the scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of the various indicators refer to that each data range of the preset indicators corresponds one-to-one to a corresponding score obtained based on a preset ecological environmental sensitivity assignment standard.

[0062] S303, based on the data of various indicators in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, obtaining data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone;

[0063] In one embodiment, the high-altitude satellite remote sensing dataset includes various land feature information and data of the coastal zone. Since the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing dataset, the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system at least includes part of the data of the high-altitude satellite remote sensing dataset, so the data of various indicators of each area of ​​the coastal zone can be directly obtained from the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.

[0064] S304, determining the data range corresponding to the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone, and combining the scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of each indicator to obtain the scores of the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone;

[0065] In one embodiment, the scores of the data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone are obtained by determining whether the data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone fall within the preset data range of various indicators and combining the scores corresponding to the preset data range of various indicators.

[0066] S305, combining the scores of the data of various indicators of each area in the coastal zone and the weights of various indicators in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, performing weighted calculation and accumulation to obtain the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone;

[0067] Specifically, the scores of the data of various indicators in each area of ​​the coastal zone are multiplied by the weights of the corresponding indicators in the large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity assessment index system to obtain the weighted scores of various indicators in each area of ​​the coastal zone; the weighted scores of various indicators in each area of ​​the coastal zone are added up to obtain the comprehensive value of each area of ​​the coastal zone.

[0068] S306. Determine the size of the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone, obtain the corresponding areas with the comprehensive value in the top 10%, obtain the high-value areas in the coastal zone, and obtain the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone.

[0069] In step S50, a large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone is constructed according to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone;

[0070] The large-scale resistance factors of the coastal zone include the land use type of each area in the coastal zone, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the road, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the water system, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the coastal ecosystem and typical marine ecosystem, and the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the island.

[0071] In one embodiment, the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone varies due to the different areas of the coastal zone used as the benchmark. Therefore, in combination with the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone, the resistance values ​​of various areas of the coastal zone obtained according to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor will change at the same time, which serves as the basis for constructing the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone.

[0072] Please refer to Figure 6 In one embodiment, step S50 specifically includes the following steps:

[0073] S501, determining the resistance value corresponding to the data of the large-scale resistance factor in the coastal zone according to the preset reference standard of the resistance value corresponding to the large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor in the coastal zone;

[0074] Among them, the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor can be obtained through pre-setting by technical personnel, and can also be obtained by obtaining other scientific research literature.

[0075] In one embodiment, since the ecological resistance value is mainly affected by the land cover type and terrain slope, for terrestrial species, construction land, roads and waters are important obstacles to species migration and diffusion. Due to strong human interference, the preset landscape resistance value of urban construction land (artificial surface) is the largest; highways and railways have a greater barrier effect on ecological patches, so the preset landscape resistance value of roads is also larger; large water areas may have more of a barrier effect on terrestrial species, while small water areas are important water sources during animal migration, so different resistance values ​​are assigned to the main water areas according to different distances from the water areas.

[0076] S502, based on the hierarchical analysis method, subjectively weighting the large-scale resistance factors of the coastal zone to obtain the weights of each large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone;

[0077] S503. Combine the corresponding resistance value of the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone and the weight of each large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone, call the weighted overlay function in the geographic information system tool, and establish the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone.

[0078] The geographic information system tool refers to a GIS tool, and commonly used GIS tools include OpenJump and gVSIG.

[0079] For step S60, based on the large-scale ecological source area and the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the large-scale ecological corridor of the coastal zone is identified according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory to obtain the large-scale coastal ecological security pattern;

[0080] Among them, the minimum cost path method refers to the method of using existing geographic information data and geographic information system tools to generate and obtain all cost paths, and then obtain the minimum cost path according to preset screening criteria; the circuit theory, namely the charge random walk model, means that the charge in the circuit has the characteristics of random walk, which is combined with the resistance surface to identify the best path in the ecological landscape.

[0081] In one embodiment, the minimum cost path is used to calculate the cumulative resistance value overcome by species migrating between large-scale ecological sources in the coastal zone through landscape surfaces with different resistances.

[0082] In one embodiment, by using Linkage Mapper in a geographic information system tool to import the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone and the large-scale ecological source area of ​​the coastal zone, the minimum cost path for species migration and diffusion can be identified, and the minimum cost distance channel can also be obtained.

[0083] In other alternative implementations, based on the cumulative consumption distance surface between the large-scale ecological sources in the coastal zone, hydrological analysis principles can be used to extract valley lines with better connectivity and more integrity as the large-scale ecological corridors in the coastal zone.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 7 In one embodiment, step S60 specifically includes the following steps:

[0085] S601, calling the Linkage Pathways Tool module in the linkage mapper of the geographic information system tool;

[0086] S602, obtaining and inputting data of ecological source areas in the coastal zone and data of large-scale ecological resistance surfaces in the coastal zone into the Linkage Pathways Tool module;

[0087] S603, using the geographic information system tool to pair the ecological source areas in the coastal zone in pairs, and according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory, identifying and marking the minimum cost path between each pair of ecological source areas in the coastal zone, so as to obtain the quasi-ecological corridor in the coastal zone;

[0088] The pairing refers to traversing the ecological sources in the coastal zone so that each ecological source in the coastal zone is paired with other ecological sources in the coastal zone.

[0089] S604, retaining the large-scale ecological source areas in the coastal zone among the ecological source areas in the coastal zone, and removing other ecological source areas in the coastal zone;

[0090] S605, removing the minimum cost path passing through the other ecological source areas from the quasi-ecological corridor in the coastal zone, to obtain a large-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone;

[0091] Among them, the other ecological sources refer to the ecological sources in the coastal area that are not large-scale ecological sources in the coastal area.

[0092] S606. Record the large-scale ecological source area, the large-scale ecological resistance surface and the large-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone to obtain a large-scale coastal ecological security pattern.

[0093] In step S70, the UAV remote sensing image of the coastal area is obtained to obtain a UAV remote sensing data set.

[0094] Among them, please refer to Fig.14 The UAV remote sensing data set at least includes a typical coastal natural resource data set, an important regional ecological environment data set, a mangrove ecological factor data set, an invasive species data set, a land-sea interaction area data set and a socio-economic data set; the typical coastal natural resource data set at least includes data on mangroves, salt marsh wetlands, seagrass beds, coral reefs, water birds and their habitats; the important regional ecological environment data set at least includes the water, soil and air environmental quality of estuaries, intertidal zones, nature reserves and marine functional areas; the mangrove ecological factor data set at least includes biomass, breast diameter, base diameter, tree height, crown width and volume data of mangroves; the invasive species data set at least includes the distribution, quantity and species data of Alternaria alternifolia, Microchamomile and Pomacea canaliculata; the land-sea interaction area data set at least includes the quantity and distribution scale data of natural interaction areas and artificial interaction areas, wherein the natural interaction area includes river estuaries, and the artificial interaction area includes drainage outlets, sewage outlets and key industrial land; the socio-economic data set includes data on illegal buildings, crop species and growth, and cargo ship transportation.

[0095] For step S80, based on the UAV remote sensing data set, a mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed;

[0096] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 And the specific steps in step S20 are to construct a mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system based on the UAV remote sensing data set.

[0097] For step S90, the importance of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated according to the preset mesoscale value assignment standard and the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, and multiple important levels of areas in the coastal zone are obtained to obtain the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone;

[0098] In one embodiment, the areas of the multiple importance levels are set to 3, namely extremely important, important and generally important areas; the extremely important areas refer to the areas corresponding to the top 33.3% of the importance; the generally important areas refer to the areas corresponding to the bottom 33.3% of the importance; and the important areas refer to the areas corresponding to the remaining percentages of the importance.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 8 In one embodiment, step S90 specifically includes the following steps:

[0100] S901. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, subjectively weight each indicator in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system to obtain the weight of each indicator in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0101] S902, assigning scores to the preset data ranges of the various indicators according to the ecological environment sensitivity corresponding to the preset data ranges of the various indicators and the preset ecological environment sensitivity assignment standard, to obtain scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of the various indicators;

[0102] S903, based on the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone;

[0103] In one embodiment, the various indicators of each area in the coastal zone in S903 refer to the various indicators corresponding to the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, which are different from the various indicators of each area in the coastal zone in S303. Similarly, the various indicators of each area in the coastal zone in S303 refer to the various indicators corresponding to the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.

[0104] In one embodiment, the UAV remote sensing dataset includes various land feature information and data in the coastal zone. Since the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed based on the UAV remote sensing dataset, the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system at least includes part of the data of the UAV remote sensing dataset, so the data of various indicators of each area of ​​the coastal zone can be directly obtained from the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.

[0105] S904, determining the data range corresponding to the data of each indicator of each area in the coastal zone, and combining the scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of each indicator to obtain the scores of the data of each indicator of each area in the coastal zone;

[0106] S905, combining the scores of the data of various indicators of each area in the coastal zone and the weights of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, performing weighted calculation and accumulation to obtain the importance of each area in the coastal zone;

[0107] S906. Determine the importance of each area in the coastal zone, obtain areas of multiple importance levels in the coastal zone, and obtain a mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone.

[0108] In one embodiment, the rest of the steps specifically included in step S90 can refer to the steps specifically included in step S30, and the main working principles of the two are the same.

[0109] For step S100, the habitat quality index of the coastal zone is obtained as the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone;

[0110] Among them, the habitat quality index refers to a dimensionless comprehensive indicator for evaluating the habitat suitability and degree of habitat degradation of regional land use types.

[0111] Please refer to Fig. 9 In one embodiment, step S100 specifically includes the following steps:

[0112] S1001. Call the habitat quality module in the InVEST tool and set the ecosystem type to coastal zone;

[0113] The InVEST tool refers to a model system used to assess the quantity and economic value of ecosystem service functions and support ecosystem management and decision-making.

[0114] S1002, inputting the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system into the habitat quality module;

[0115] In one embodiment, by inputting the data of each indicator in the mesoscale coastal ecological sensitivity assessment index system into the habitat quality module, a spatial differentiation map of habitat quality in the coastal area is generated, and then the remaining steps of the method described in the present invention are continued to be performed, wherein the spatial differentiation map of habitat quality includes at least several grids representing partial areas of the ecological source.

[0116] S1003, setting a calculation formula for habitat threat factors, and controlling the habitat quality module to calculate the relative impact between threat factors and ecosystem types:

[0117]

[0118] , where i rxy is the relative impact of threat factor r in grid y on grid x; d xy is the linear distance between grids x and y determined by the habitat quality module in the InVEST tool based on the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system; d rmax is the maximum action distance of the preset threat factor r;

[0119] The threat factor is a variable preset in the InVEST tool.

[0120] In one embodiment, the threat factor may be preset by a technician, or may be obtained by obtaining preset templates for different ecosystem types in the InVEST tool.

[0121] S1004, setting a habitat degradation degree calculation formula to control the habitat quality module to calculate the habitat degradation degree in the ecosystem:

[0122]

[0123] , where D xj is the habitat degradation degree of grid x in ecosystem j; w r is the preset weight of different threat factors; r y is the preset threat factor strength; β x is the preset level of habitat disturbance resistance; S jr The sensitivity of different ecosystems to different threat factors;

[0124] S1005. Finally, a habitat quality index formula is set to control the habitat quality module to calculate the habitat quality index of the coastal zone:

[0125]

[0126] , where Q xj is the habitat quality index, i.e., the ecological resistance surface; H xj is the suitability of the habitat, k is the half-saturation coefficient, and the k value is set to half of the preset grid resolution; z is set to 2.5.

[0127] For step S110, based on the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone and the mesoscale ecological resistance surface in the coastal zone, according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone is identified to obtain the mesoscale coastal zone ecological security pattern;

[0128] Among them, the minimum cumulative resistance model, namely the MCR model, refers to finding the minimum cost path between two ecological sources. Technical personnel can obtain its specific implementation principles from the common knowledge in this field; the commonly used application scenario is the cost path in the ArcGIS tool.

[0129] In one embodiment, the minimum cumulative resistance model is used to generate a minimum cost path, that is, the minimum cost path at the ecological landscape level is regarded as an ecological corridor.

[0130] Please refer to Fig.10 In one embodiment, step S110 specifically includes the following steps:

[0131] S1101, obtaining the spatial distance between each ecological source in the mesoscale ecological source in the coastal zone;

[0132] S1102. According to the calculation formula of the minimum cumulative resistance model, the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance between the ecological sources in the mesoscale ecological source area of ​​the coastal zone is extracted as the mesoscale ecological corridor of the coastal zone:

[0133]

[0134] , where MCR is the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance; f is the positive correlation function between the preset minimum resistance and ecological safety; D ij R is the spatial distance that species move from ecological source j to ecological source i; i The resistance of ecological source i to species movement is preset according to the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone;

[0135] S1103. Record the mesoscale ecological source area, the mesoscale ecological resistance surface and the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone to obtain the mesoscale coastal ecological security pattern.

[0136] In other alternative embodiments, the mesoscale ecological corridors in the coastal zone extracted by hydrological analysis principles may be superimposed on this step of the method described in the present invention to complement and verify each other, thereby enhancing the connectivity of the mesoscale ecological corridors in the coastal zone.

[0137] For step S120, the monitoring data of the ground monitoring network in the coastal zone and the detection data of the sea surface monitoring network in the coastal zone are obtained to obtain the ground and sea surface data sets.

[0138] Among them, please refer to Fig.15 The ground and sea surface data sets at least include water resources and environmental survey data, soil resources and environmental survey data, vegetation resources survey data, marine water environment data set, marine biological resources data set, marine fishery resources data set and marine energy data set; the water resources and environmental survey data at least include surface and groundwater quality, water quantity and physical and chemical properties data; the soil resources and environmental survey data at least include soil utilization or coverage, soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility, cultivated land area and site quality, and yield data; the vegetation resources survey data at least include Including data on phenology, leaf area index, forest vegetation coverage and productivity, and mangrove stock; the marine water environment data set at least includes data on pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, suspended matter, active phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentration; the marine biological resource data set at least includes data on coral species, seagrass distribution, and seagrass density in coral reef ecosystems and seagrass bed ecosystems; the marine fishery resource data set at least includes data on the number and area of ​​marine pastures, fish and their number; the marine energy data set at least includes data on wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature, sea surface wind field, and marine aerosols.

[0139] For step S130, a small-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed based on the ground and sea surface datasets.

[0140] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 And the specific steps in step S20 are to construct a small-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system based on the ground and sea surface data sets.

[0141] For step S140, the ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated according to the preset small-scale assignment standard and the small-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the ecological resource-rich areas in the coastal zone are obtained, and the small-scale ecological source areas in the coastal zone are obtained.

[0142] In one embodiment, the corresponding areas ranking in the top 10% in terms of ecological resource richness are obtained to obtain the ecological resource-rich areas in the coastal zone.

[0143] In one embodiment, step S140 specifically includes the following steps:

[0144] S1401. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, subjectively weight each indicator in the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system to obtain the weight of each indicator in the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system;

[0145] S1402, assigning scores to the preset data ranges of the various indicators according to the ecological environment sensitivity corresponding to the preset data ranges of the various indicators and the preset ecological environment sensitivity assignment standard, to obtain scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of the various indicators;

[0146] S1403, based on the data of various indicators in the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, obtaining data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone;

[0147] In one embodiment, the various indicators of each area of ​​the coastal zone in S1403 refer to the various indicators corresponding to the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, which are different from the various indicators of each area of ​​the coastal zone in S303 and S903.

[0148] In one embodiment, the ground and sea surface data sets include various land feature information and data of the coastal zone. Since the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed based on the ground and sea surface data sets, the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system at least includes part of the data of the ground and sea surface data sets, so the data of various indicators of each area of ​​the coastal zone can be directly obtained from the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.

[0149] S1404, determining the data range corresponding to the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone, and combining the scores corresponding to the preset data ranges of each indicator to obtain the scores of the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone;

[0150] S1405, combining the scores of the data of various indicators of each area in the coastal zone and the weights of various indicators in the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, performing weighted calculation and accumulation to obtain the ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone;

[0151] S1406. Determine the ranking of ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone, obtain ecological resource-rich areas in the coastal zone, and obtain small-scale ecological source areas in the coastal zone.

[0152] In one embodiment, the rest of the steps specifically included in the step S140 may refer to the steps specifically included in the step S30 or S90, and the main working principles are the same.

[0153] For step S150, a coastal zone ecological risk assessment system is constructed, and the coastal zone area is evaluated according to a preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, and the ecological risk of the coastal zone area is obtained as a small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone area.

[0154] In one embodiment, please refer to Fig.16 The data in the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system can be obtained by reading the ground and sea surface data sets, or by conducting field surveys of ecological resource-rich areas in the coastal zone.

[0155] Please refer to Fig.11 In one embodiment, step S150 specifically includes the following steps:

[0156] S1501, setting the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone and the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone as the primary evaluation indicators of the coastal zone ecological risk evaluation system, wherein the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes data on pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, suspended matter, active phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentration;

[0157] S1502, obtaining an ecological risk value of the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone according to a preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the ground and sea surface data sets;

[0158] The preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard refers to the coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard preset by the technicians according to the coastal zone area. In one embodiment, the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard can also be obtained by reading other scientific research documents.

[0159] S1503. The water ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, the soil ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, and the vegetation ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone are set as the secondary evaluation indicators of the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, wherein the water ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in surface water, the soil ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, and the vegetation ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in roots, stems and leaves of plants;

[0160] S1504, using the analytic hierarchy process to subjectively assign weights to the secondary evaluation indicators to obtain the weights of each of the secondary evaluation indicators;

[0161] S1505, based on the ground and sea surface data sets, obtaining data of each of the secondary evaluation indicators;

[0162] S1506, obtaining the ecological risk value of each of the secondary evaluation indicators according to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the data of each of the secondary evaluation indicators;

[0163] S1507, multiplying the weight of each of the secondary evaluation indicators by the ecological risk value of each of the secondary evaluation indicators, and then accumulating them to obtain the ecological risk value of the terrestrial ecological risk in the coastal zone;

[0164] S1508. Add the ecological risk value of the marine ecological risk in the coastal zone and the ecological risk value of the terrestrial ecological risk in the coastal zone to obtain the ecological risk of the coastal zone as the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone.

[0165] In one embodiment, subjective weighting is performed on the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone and the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone based on the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights corresponding to the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone and the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, and the weights are multiplied by the ecological risk value of the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone and the ecological risk value of the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, and then accumulated to obtain the ecological risk of the coastal zone, so as to continue to implement the remaining steps of the method described in the present invention.

[0166] For step S160, based on the small-scale ecological source areas in the coastal zone and the small-scale ecological resistance surface in the coastal zone, the small-scale ecological corridors in the coastal zone are identified according to the minimum cumulative resistance model to obtain the small-scale coastal ecological security pattern.

[0167] In one embodiment, step S160 specifically includes the following steps:

[0168] S1601, obtaining the spatial distance between each ecological source in the small-scale ecological source in the coastal zone;

[0169] S1602. According to the calculation formula of the minimum cumulative resistance model, the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance between the small-scale ecological sources in the coastal zone is extracted as the small-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone:

[0170]

[0171] , where MCR is the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance; f is the positive correlation function between the preset minimum resistance and ecological safety; D ij R is the spatial distance that species move from ecological source j to ecological source i; i The resistance of ecological source i to species movement is preset according to the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone;

[0172] S1603. Record the small-scale ecological source areas, the small-scale ecological resistance areas and the small-scale ecological corridors in the coastal zone to obtain the small-scale coastal ecological security pattern.

[0173] In one embodiment, the rest of the steps specifically included in step S160 may refer to the steps specifically included in step S110, and the main working principles are the same.

[0174] In step S170, the coastal ecological security patterns of different scales are integrated to obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern;

[0175] In one embodiment, the composite coastal zone ecological security pattern refers to the coastal zone ecological security pattern obtained by integrating the large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern, the mesoscale coastal zone ecological security pattern and the small-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern.

[0176] Please refer to Fig.12 In one embodiment, step S170 specifically includes the following steps:

[0177] S1701, outputting the large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern, the medium-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern and the small-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern as a layer file;

[0178] In one embodiment, the operation of outputting the layer file is performed in a geographic information system tool.

[0179] S1702, performing layer merging, compositely superimposing the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone, the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone to obtain a quasi-composite ecological source area, and compositely superimposing the large-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone, the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone to obtain a quasi-composite ecological corridor;

[0180] Among them, the quasi-complex ecological source area at least includes the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone, the meso-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone; the quasi-complex ecological corridor at least includes the large-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone, the meso-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone.

[0181] In one embodiment, the operation of performing layer merging is performed in a geographic information system tool.

[0182] S1703, determining whether there are any ecological source areas with overlapping regions in the quasi-composite ecological source areas, and if so, obtaining the ecological source areas with overlapping regions in the quasi-composite ecological source areas, and taking the ecological source area union of the ecological source areas with overlapping regions as the revised ecological source areas;

[0183] The regional overlap refers to the existence of overlapping parts in the regions of at least two ecological sources included in the quasi-composite ecological source.

[0184] In one embodiment, by using a visual interpretation method, it is determined whether the areas of each ecological source in the quasi-composite ecological source overlap with the areas of other ecological source in the quasi-composite ecological source. If so, at least two ecological sources with overlapping areas are merged into one ecological source to obtain a revised ecological source.

[0185] S1704, replacing the ecological source area with the overlapping area with the modified ecological source area to obtain a composite ecological source area;

[0186] S1705, determining whether there are multiple overlapping ecological corridors in the quasi-composite ecological corridor or whether the ecological source areas at both ends of multiple ecological corridors are the same; if so, determining that the ecological corridor is an overlapping ecological corridor;

[0187] S1706, superimposing the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the medium-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone by using the minimum value method, and recalculating the cumulative ecological resistance value of each overlapping ecological corridor in combination with the composite ecological source area, and obtaining the overlapping ecological corridor with the smallest cumulative ecological resistance value as the revised ecological corridor;

[0188] The ecological resistance refers to the quantitative value of the degree of obstruction encountered by species when migrating between different landscape units.

[0189] In one embodiment, the ecological resistance is set by a technician based on an existing ecological resistance surface.

[0190] In one embodiment, the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, and the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone are input into a geographic information system tool, and the minimum value method is used to superimpose the resistance surfaces to obtain a comprehensive resistance surface; in combination with the comprehensive resistance surface and the composite ecological source, the geographic information system tool is used to recalculate and obtain the cumulative value of ecological resistance of each of the overlapping ecological corridors.

[0191] S1707, replacing the overlapping ecological corridor with the modified ecological corridor to obtain a composite ecological corridor;

[0192] S1708. Obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern.

[0193] In one embodiment, a composite coastal ecological security pattern is obtained by recording the composite ecological source, the comprehensive resistance surface and the composite ecological corridor.

[0194] Compared with the existing technology, the method described in the present invention constructs a large-scale coastal ecological security pattern, a medium-scale coastal ecological security pattern and a small-scale coastal ecological security pattern, and then integrates the coastal ecological security patterns of different scales to obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern. It fully takes into account the particularities of coastal area development and natural ecosystems, integrates a large amount of geographic information data, has a certain degree of universality, improves the reliability and accuracy of the constructed coastal ecological security pattern, and can flexibly adjust the evaluation index system, resistance value reference standard and assignment standard to adapt to the construction of ecological security patterns in different regions, ecosystems and areas.

[0195] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data, comprising the following steps: Obtain satellite remote sensing images of coastal areas and obtain high-altitude satellite remote sensing data sets; Based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, remote sensing data of land space, land-sea space and offshore ocean space are obtained to construct a large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system; According to the preset large-scale value assignment standard and the large-scale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated, the high-value area in the coastal zone is obtained, and the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone is obtained; Based on the high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set, the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone are obtained, wherein the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone includes the land use type of each area in the coastal zone, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the road, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the water system, the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the coastal ecosystem and the typical marine ecosystem, and the distance between each area in the coastal zone and the island; Constructing a large-scale ecological resistance surface for the coastal zone according to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor for the coastal zone; Based on the large-scale ecological source area and the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the large-scale ecological corridor of the coastal zone is identified according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory, and the large-scale coastal ecological security pattern is obtained; Obtain UAV remote sensing images of coastal areas and obtain UAV remote sensing data sets; Based on the UAV remote sensing dataset, a mesoscale coastal ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is constructed; According to the preset mesoscale value assignment standard and the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the importance of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated, and multiple important levels of areas in the coastal zone are obtained to obtain the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone; Obtaining a habitat quality index of a coastal zone as a mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone; Based on the mesoscale ecological source area and the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, the mesoscale ecological corridor of the coastal zone is identified to obtain the mesoscale coastal ecological security pattern; Obtain monitoring data from the ground monitoring network in the coastal zone and detection data from the sea surface monitoring network in the coastal zone to obtain ground and sea surface data sets; Based on the ground and sea surface datasets, a small-scale coastal ecological sensitivity assessment index system is constructed; According to the preset small-scale value assignment standard and the small-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, the ecological resource richness of each area in the coastal zone is evaluated, and the ecological resource-rich area in the coastal zone is obtained, and the small-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone is obtained; Constructing a coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, evaluating the coastal zone according to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, and obtaining the ecological risk of the coastal zone as a small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone; Based on the small-scale ecological source area and the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the small-scale ecological corridors of the coastal zone are identified according to the minimum cumulative resistance model, and the small-scale coastal ecological security pattern is obtained; The coastal ecological security patterns of different scales are integrated to obtain a composite coastal ecological security pattern, specifically: the large-scale coastal ecological security pattern, the mesoscale coastal ecological security pattern and the small-scale coastal ecological security pattern are output as layer files; layer merging is performed to compositely superimpose the large-scale ecological source areas, the mesoscale ecological source areas and the small-scale ecological source areas in the coastal area to obtain a quasi-composite ecological source area, and compositely superimpose the large-scale ecological corridors in the coastal area, the mesoscale ecological corridors in the coastal area and the small-scale ecological corridors in the coastal area to obtain a quasi-composite ecological corridor; determine whether there are ecological sources with overlapping regions in the quasi-composite ecological source areas, and if so, obtain the ecological sources with overlapping regions in the quasi-composite ecological source areas, and take the ecological sources with overlapping regions in the quasi-composite ecological source areas. The ecological source area union of the ecological source areas is taken as the revised ecological source; the ecological source with overlapping areas is replaced by the revised ecological source to obtain a composite ecological source; it is determined whether there are multiple overlapping ecological corridors in the quasi-composite ecological corridor or the ecological sources at both ends of multiple ecological corridors are the same, and if so, the ecological corridor is determined to be an overlapping ecological corridor; the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the medium-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone and the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone are superimposed using the minimum value method, and combined with the composite ecological source, the cumulative value of ecological resistance of each overlapping ecological corridor is recalculated, and the overlapping ecological corridor with the smallest cumulative value of ecological resistance is obtained as the revised ecological corridor; the overlapping ecological corridor is replaced by the revised ecological corridor to obtain a composite ecological corridor; and a composite coastal ecological security pattern is obtained.

2. The method for constructing a coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized by: The high-altitude satellite remote sensing data set includes at least a basic terrain data set, a natural resource data set, an ecological environment data set, an ecological element data set, a climate disaster data set and a socio-economic data set; the basic terrain data set includes at least elevation, slope, slope length and landform data; the natural resource data set includes at least the scale of forest, wetland, water area and nearshore marine ecosystem and the corresponding characteristic change data; the ecological environment data set includes at least air quality, surface water environment quality, nearshore seawater environment quality and soil environment quality; the ecological element data set includes at least vegetation coverage, photosynthetically active radiation absorption rate and vegetation productivity; the climate disaster data set includes at least surface temperature, air temperature, surface evapotranspiration data, geological disaster data, red tide data and coastal erosion data; the socio-economic data set includes at least coastal zone utilization data, night light data, population density data and GDP density data; The UAV remote sensing data set at least includes a typical coastal natural resource data set, an important regional ecological environment data set, a mangrove ecological factor data set, an invasive species data set, a land-sea interaction area data set, and a socio-economic data set; the typical coastal natural resource data set at least includes data on mangroves, salt marsh wetlands, seagrass beds, coral reefs, water birds and their habitats; the important regional ecological environment data set at least includes the water, soil, and air environmental quality of estuaries, intertidal zones, nature reserves, and marine functional areas; the mangrove ecological factor data set at least includes biomass, breast diameter, base diameter, tree height, crown width, and volume data of mangroves; the invasive species data set at least includes the distribution, quantity, and species data of Alternaria alternifolia, Chamomile, and Pomacea canaliculata; the land-sea interaction area data set at least includes the quantity and distribution scale data of natural interaction areas and artificial interaction areas, wherein the natural interaction area includes river estuaries, and the artificial interaction area includes drainage outlets, sewage outlets, and key industrial land; the socio-economic data set includes data on illegal buildings, crop species and growth, and cargo ship transportation; The ground and sea surface data sets at least include water resources and environment survey data, soil resources and environment survey data, vegetation resources survey data, marine water environment data sets, marine biological resources data sets, marine fishery resources data sets and marine energy data sets; the water resources and environment survey data at least include surface and groundwater quality, water quantity and physical and chemical properties data; the soil resources and environment survey data at least include soil utilization or coverage, soil physical and chemical properties, soil fertility, cultivated land area and site quality, and yield data; the vegetation resources survey data at least include phenology, leaf area index, forest vegetation coverage and productivity and mangrove stock data; the marine water environment data set at least includes pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, suspended matter, active phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentration data; the marine biological resources data set at least includes coral species, seagrass distribution, and seagrass density data in coral reef ecosystems and seagrass bed ecosystems; the marine fishery resources data set at least includes data on the number and area of ​​marine pastures, fish and their number; the marine energy data set at least includes wind speed, wind direction, sea surface temperature, sea surface wind field and marine aerosol data.

3. The method for constructing the coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of evaluating the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone according to the preset large-scale value assignment standard and the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining the high-value area in the coastal zone, and obtaining the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone include: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, each indicator in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is subjectively weighted to obtain the weight of each indicator in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system; According to the eco-environmental sensitivity corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator and the preset eco-environmental sensitivity assignment standard, score assignment is performed on the preset data range of each indicator to obtain the score corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator; Based on the data of various indicators in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, obtaining data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone; Determine the data range corresponding to the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone, and obtain the score of the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone in combination with the score corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator; Combine the scores of the data of various indicators of each area in the coastal zone and the weights of various indicators in the large-scale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, perform weighted calculation and accumulation, and obtain the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone; Determine the size of the comprehensive value of each area in the coastal zone, obtain the corresponding areas with the comprehensive value in the top 10%, obtain the high-value areas in the coastal zone, and obtain the large-scale ecological source area in the coastal zone.

4. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: According to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone, the steps of constructing the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone include: Determine the resistance value corresponding to the data of the large-scale resistance factor in the coastal zone according to the resistance value reference standard corresponding to the preset large-scale resistance factor and the data of the large-scale resistance factor in the coastal zone; Based on the hierarchical analysis method, the large-scale resistance factors of the coastal zone are subjectively weighted to obtain the weights of each large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone; The corresponding resistance value of the data of the large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone and the weight of each large-scale resistance factor of the coastal zone are combined, and the weighted overlay function in the geographic information system tool is called to establish the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone.

5. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the large-scale ecological source area and the large-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the steps of identifying the large-scale ecological corridor of the coastal zone according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory and obtaining the large-scale coastal zone ecological security pattern include: Call the Linkage Pathways Tool module in the linkage mapper of the geographic information system tool; Acquire and input data of ecological source areas in the coastal zone and data of large-scale ecological resistance surfaces in the coastal zone into the Linkage Pathways Tool module; The ecological source areas in the coastal zone are paired with each other using the geographic information system tool, and the minimum cost path between each pair of ecological source areas in the coastal zone is identified and marked according to the minimum cost path method and circuit theory, so as to obtain the quasi-ecological corridor in the coastal zone; Preserve the large-scale ecological source areas in the coastal zone among the ecological source areas in the coastal zone, and remove other ecological source areas in the coastal zone; Removing the minimum cost path passing through the other ecological source areas from the quasi-ecological corridor in the coastal zone, to obtain a large-scale ecological corridor in the coastal zone; The large-scale ecological source areas, the large-scale ecological resistance surfaces and the large-scale ecological corridors in the coastal zone are recorded to obtain a large-scale coastal ecological security pattern.

6. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of evaluating the importance of each area in the coastal zone according to the preset mesoscale value assignment standard and the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, obtaining multiple important levels of areas in the coastal zone, and obtaining the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone include: Based on the analytic hierarchy process, each indicator in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system is subjectively weighted to obtain the weight of each indicator in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system; According to the eco-environmental sensitivity corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator and the preset eco-environmental sensitivity assignment standard, score assignment is performed on the preset data range of each indicator to obtain the score corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator; Based on the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system, obtaining data of various indicators in various areas of the coastal zone; Determine the data range corresponding to the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone, and obtain the score of the data of each indicator in each area of ​​the coastal zone in combination with the score corresponding to the preset data range of each indicator; Combine the scores of the data of various indicators of each area in the coastal zone and the weights of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity evaluation index system, perform weighted calculation and accumulation, and obtain the importance of each area in the coastal zone; By judging the importance of each area in the coastal zone, multiple areas of importance in the coastal zone are obtained, and the mesoscale ecological source area in the coastal zone is obtained.

7. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of obtaining the habitat quality index of the coastal zone as the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone include: Call the habitat quality module in the InVEST tool and set the ecosystem type to coastal zone; Inputting the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system into the habitat quality module; Set the habitat threat factor calculation formula to control the habitat quality module to calculate the relative impact between threat factors and ecosystem types: Among them, i rxy is the relative impact of threat factor r in grid y on grid x; d xy is the linear distance between grids x and y determined by the habitat quality module in the InVEST tool based on the data of various indicators in the mesoscale coastal zone ecological sensitivity assessment index system; d rmax is the maximum action distance of the preset threat factor r; Set the habitat degradation degree calculation formula to control the habitat quality module to calculate the habitat degradation degree in the ecosystem: Among them, D xj is the habitat degradation degree of grid x in ecosystem j; w r is the preset weight of different threat factors; r y is the preset threat factor strength; β x is the preset level of habitat disturbance resistance; S jr The sensitivity of different ecosystems to different threat factors; Finally, the habitat quality index formula is set to control the habitat quality module to calculate the habitat quality index of the coastal zone: Among them, Q xj is the habitat quality index, i.e., the ecological resistance surface; H xj is the suitability of the habitat, k is the half-saturation coefficient, and the k value is set to half of the preset grid resolution; z is set to 2.

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8. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Based on the mesoscale ecological source area and the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone, the steps of identifying the mesoscale ecological corridor of the coastal zone according to the minimum cumulative resistance model and obtaining the mesoscale coastal zone ecological security pattern include: Obtaining the spatial distances between various ecological sources in the mesoscale ecological source area of ​​the coastal zone; According to the calculation formula of the minimum cumulative resistance model, the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance between each ecological source in the mesoscale ecological source in the coastal zone is extracted as the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone: Wherein, MCR is the channel with the minimum cumulative resistance; f is the positive correlation function between the preset minimum resistance and ecological safety; D ij R is the spatial distance that species move from ecological source j to ecological source i; i The resistance of ecological source i to species movement is preset according to the mesoscale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone; The mesoscale ecological source area, the mesoscale ecological resistance surface and the mesoscale ecological corridor in the coastal zone are recorded to obtain the mesoscale coastal ecological security pattern.

9. The method for constructing coastal ecological security pattern based on multi-source remote sensing data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steps of constructing a coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, evaluating the coastal zone according to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, and obtaining the ecological risk of the coastal zone as the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone include: The terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone and the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone are set as the primary evaluation indicators of the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, wherein the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes data on pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus, suspended matter, active phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentration; According to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the ground and sea surface data sets, an ecological risk value of the marine ecological risk of the coastal zone is obtained; The water ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, the soil ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone, and the vegetation ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone are set as the secondary evaluation indicators of the coastal zone ecological risk assessment system, wherein the water ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants in surface water, the soil ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, and the vegetation ecological risk in the terrestrial ecological risk of the coastal zone at least includes the data of the concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in roots, stems and leaves of plants; The secondary evaluation indicators are subjectively weighted using the hierarchical analysis method to obtain the weights of each secondary evaluation indicator; Based on the ground and sea surface data sets, obtaining data of each of the secondary evaluation indicators; According to the preset coastal zone ecological risk assessment standard and the data of each of the secondary assessment indicators, the ecological risk value of each of the secondary assessment indicators is obtained; The weights of the secondary evaluation indicators are multiplied by the ecological risk values ​​of the secondary evaluation indicators, and then the results are added up to obtain the ecological risk value of the terrestrial ecological risk in the coastal zone; The ecological risk value of the marine ecological risk in the coastal zone and the ecological risk value of the terrestrial ecological risk in the coastal zone are added together to obtain the ecological risk of the coastal zone as the small-scale ecological resistance surface of the coastal zone.

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