A method for designing an experiment for measuring ice adhesion strength envelope curves on material surfaces

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of material surface icing adhesion strength envelope line measurement experimental design methods, it includes the following steps: preparing target ice layer on the substrate to be measured;Obtain uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength;In shear-tensile coupling state, the horizontal coordinate value and the vertical coordinate value of N first measured data points in the target ice layer and the interface adhesion strength envelope line of the substrate to be measured are obtained;Data fitting is carried out by inflection point-free distribution model and first inflection point distribution model, and the type of the interface adhesion strength envelope line of the target ice layer and substrate material is judged according to the goodness of fit of two distribution models;If it is inflection point-free envelope line, the inflection point-free curve corresponding to the uniform distribution model after fitting is used as the measured adhesion strength envelope line;If it is inflection point envelope line, again preset N second measured data points;And all data points are fitted using the second inflection point distribution model, and the measured envelope line is obtained.

Description

[0001] Priority Application

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Invention Patent Application No. 2023111006000, filed on August 29, 2023, “Method and System for Measuring Static Ice- Material Interfacial Adhesion Strength Envelope”, Chinese Invention Patent Application No. 2023111013644, filed on August 29, 2023, “Method for Measuring Ice Layer- Material Interfacial Adhesion Strength Envelope”, the priority applications are incorporated by reference in their entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the measurement and characterization of ice layer interfacial mechanical properties, in particular to a method for designing an ice adhesion strength envelope measurement experiment on a material surface, which is used to obtain the ice layer- substrate interfacial adhesion strength tensile-shear failure envelope in a vertical icing wind tunnel. BACKGROUND

[0004] The icing encountered during flight of an aircraft can cause great harm to flight. Research shows that the lower the adhesion between the ice layer and the aircraft structure substrate material, the easier it is to remove the ice layer on the aircraft skin surface by aircraft anti-icing technology. Therefore, accurately measuring and analyzing the adhesion performance of the ice- aircraft structure substrate material interface can provide reference and data support for the design of aircraft anti-icing technology.

[0005] The adhesion performance of the ice- aircraft structure substrate material interface includes interfacial adhesion shear strength and interfacial adhesion tensile strength. However, current research on experimental test methods for the adhesion performance of the ice layer- substrate material interface mainly focuses on interfacial uniaxial stress state shear adhesion strength testing or uniaxial stress state tensile adhesion strength testing. For example, Chinese Patent No. CN112014234B provides a measuring device that can be used for interfacial uniaxial stress state shear adhesion strength testing or uniaxial stress state tensile adhesion strength testing. It discloses that when testing the normal ice adhesion force, nylon rope one is used to connect the connecting piece one at the bottom of the cylindrical cup, after connection, the normal test equipment is quickly used for tensile testing, and the cup mouth debonding tensile force value minus the cup itself weight is the normal force value required when the ice adhesion material is debonded. When testing the tangential ice adhesion force, nylon rope two is used to connect the connecting piece two at the side of the cylindrical cup, after connection, the tangential tensile test is quickly performed, and the cup mouth debonding tensile force value minus the cup itself weight is the tangential force value required when the ice adhesion material is debonded. For another example, Chinese Patent No. CN102288542A provides a material surface ice adhesion strength measurement system and method, which realizes the measurement of normal adhesion force by realizing linear tensile force growth through the use of different weight standard weights.

[0006] Therefore, current experimental testing methods for the adhesion performance of ice layers to substrate materials primarily focus on testing the shear adhesion strength under uniaxial stress or the tensile adhesion strength under uniaxial stress. However, compared to single interface strength, the combined tensile-shear stress state and its strength envelope under multiaxial stress states provide a more objective and comprehensive reflection of interface adhesion performance. Therefore, a system and corresponding method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of ice layers to substrate materials under multiaxial stress states are currently lacking.

[0007] Generally, the interface adhesion strength envelopes of different materials follow different distribution models. Known distribution models fall into two general categories: a curve distribution without an inflection point, and a broken line distribution with inflection points located in different regions, such as the middle, front, or back regions. However, the most commonly used envelope measurement method is the uniformly distributed mean measurement experiment, which is the most commonly used method for obtaining the interface adhesion strength envelope. However, the interface properties between ice layers and materials are different. Ice layers are divided into static ice and dynamic ice. Different ice layers are formed under different conditions and have different properties. The way they form the interface with the material is also different. These may affect the shape of the interface adhesion strength envelope. If the uniform test value is directly applied to the surface adhesion strength measurement of the ice layer and the substrate material, the envelope characteristics (for example, the inflection point characteristics and the area where the inflection point is located) may be weakened, thereby reducing the measurement accuracy; if multiple distribution models are used to conduct experiments separately and screen according to the experimental results, the entire experimental cycle will be extended; and whether to use one distribution model or multiple distribution models will also affect the planning of the entire experimental plan for the entire measurement envelope.

[0008] In view of this, under the premise that there is no in-depth research on the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between ice layer and material in the existing technology, how to plan an experimental plan to find a method suitable for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between ice layer and substrate material is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for designing an experiment to measure the adhesion strength envelope of ice coating on a material surface, partially solve or alleviate the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provide an experimental design scheme suitable for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between ice layer and substrate material, thereby providing a new exploration direction for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between ice layer and substrate material.

[0010] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0011] The present invention provides a method for designing an experimental measurement curve of the adhesion strength of ice coating on a material surface, which comprises the following steps: preparing a target ice layer on a substrate to be tested; the target ice layer comprises a static ice layer or a dynamic ice layer; obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the target ice layer and the substrate to be tested; presetting N first data points to be tested whose horizontal coordinates obey a uniform distribution, and obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be tested through experiments under a shear-tensile coupling state; performing data fitting through a preset distribution model without inflection points and a preset first inflection point distribution model, and judging the curve characteristic type of the adhesion strength curve of the interface between the target ice layer and the substrate material according to the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if it is an envelope without inflection points, using the curve without inflection points corresponding to the distribution model without inflection points after data fitting as the adhesion strength envelope to be tested; if it is an envelope with inflection points, N second data points to be tested are set, and according to the envelope feature type, the N second data points to be tested are matched to the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the horizontal coordinate, and then the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the N second data points to be tested whose horizontal coordinates obey the specific distribution density function are obtained through experiments under the shear-stretch coupling state; the second inflection point distribution model is matched from the three preset basic inflection point distribution models according to the envelope feature type; the envelope feature type includes: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and front part of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope; the second inflection point distribution model is used to perform data fitting on the obtained 2N data points to be tested and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain the adhesion strength envelope of the target ice layer to be tested and the substrate to be tested.

[0012] In some embodiments, the step of experimentally obtaining the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of N second data points to be tested under a shear-stretch coupling state specifically includes: calculating the horizontal coordinate value of each second data point to be tested based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function; for each second data point to be tested, experimentally obtaining the average tangential tensile force peak value under a tangential load state coupled to the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value; and calculating the shear adhesion strength of the second data point to be tested based on the average tangential tensile force peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the second data point to be tested.

[0013] In some embodiments, the steps of respectively obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of N first data points to be tested through experiments specifically include the steps of: evenly dividing the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N first data points to be tested, and using them as the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be tested; for each of the first data points to be tested, obtaining through experiments the average tangential tensile force peak value under the tangential load state coupled with the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value; and calculating the shear adhesion strength of the first data point to be tested based on the average tangential tensile force peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the first data point to be tested.

[0014] In some embodiments, the step of calculating the horizontal coordinate value of each second data point to be tested based on the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function specifically includes: if the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the horizontal coordinates of the N second data points to be tested obey the normal distribution, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the normal distribution function to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N second data points to be tested; if the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and front part of the envelope, the horizontal coordinates of the N second data points to be tested obey the Gamma distribution, and the Gamma distribution is obtained based on the Gamma distribution. The gamma distribution function divides the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain N tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the second data points to be tested. If the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear part of the envelope, the horizontal coordinates of the N second data points to be tested obey the gamma mirror distribution. Based on the gamma distribution function, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels to obtain N tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the second data points to be tested. Then, the N tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the second data points to be tested are mirrored along a preset axis of symmetry to obtain N tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the second data points to be tested.

[0015] In some embodiments, the symmetry axis is located at the midpoint of the abscissa of the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength in the τ-σ coordinate system and is perpendicular to the abscissa in the τ-σ coordinate system.

[0016] In some embodiments, for each second data point to be measured, the step of experimentally obtaining an average tangential tension peak value under a tangential load state coupled to a tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value specifically includes: for the first second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, applying a normal tension to a normal tension value corresponding to a first level of tensile adhesion strength, then applying a tangential load until interface separation occurs between the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured; obtaining a shear tension peak value collected by the stress sensor; repeating this process multiple times, and calculating an average tangential tension peak value; for the second second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, applying a normal tension to a normal tension value corresponding to a second level of tensile adhesion strength, then applying a tangential load until interface separation occurs between the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured, obtaining a shear tension peak value collected by the stress sensor; repeating this process multiple times, and calculating an average tangential tension peak value; and repeating this process N times until the average tangential tension peak value for the Nth second data point to be measured is obtained.

[0017] In some embodiments, the fitting formula corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model is:

[0018] Among them, τ is the interface shear stress, σ is the interface tensile stress, and a1, b1, c1, d1, and t1 are the fitting parameters to be solved.

[0019] In some embodiments, if the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the fitting formula corresponding to the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: Alternatively, if the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: Alternatively, if the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: Where τ is the interfacial shear stress, σ is the interfacial tensile stress, and a2, a3, a4, b2, b3, b4, c2, c3, c4, d2, d3, d4, t2, t3, and t4 are the fitting parameters to be solved.

[0020] In some embodiments, the above method is based on a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, which includes: a base with a first airway pipeline, an air core fixed to the base and connected to the first airway pipeline, a base cup to be tested that can be mounted on the air core, a flexible carrier with a top opening of a second airway pipeline arranged in the base cup to be tested, a tangential power source and an airflow normal power source for applying tangential tension and normal tension to the dynamic ice formed on the cup, respectively, and a negative pressure device, wherein the negative pressure device passes through the first The three air duct pipelines are connected to the first air duct pipeline, and to the host computer for data communication with the tangential power source, the airflow normal power source, and the negative pressure device; accordingly, the steps of preparing the target ice layer on the substrate to be measured specifically include: specifically including the steps of: controlling the negative pressure device to vacuum by the host computer so that the flexible carrier is tightly sealed to the outlet of the second air duct pipeline on the upper surface of the cup holder made of the substrate material; placing the measuring system in an icing environment, and the cup holder is located in the incoming flow direction of the icing environment so that the supercooled water droplets / water vapor in the icing environment generate a dynamic ice layer on the upper surface of the cup holder.

[0021] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength of the interface between the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured specifically includes: controlling the airflow normal power source through the upper computer to generate an airflow to push the flexible carrier to move outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface, thereby generating a normal tensile force at the dynamic ice layer interface; when the dynamic ice layer detaches from the upper surface of the cup holder, calculating the interface tensile adhesion strength based on the current airflow pressure of the airflow normal power source; repeating the above steps to perform multiple measurements, and calculating the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength based on the normal tension of the dynamic ice layer detached obtained from the multiple measurements.

[0022] In some embodiments, the calculation formula for the interfacial tensile adhesion strength is: Wherein, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device during dynamic ice shedding; s′ is the area of ​​the flexible carrier on which the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acts; and / or, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is: Wherein, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device during dynamic ice shedding; s′ is the area of ​​the flexible carrier acted upon by the airflow generated by the airflow generating device; and M is the number of measurements, M>1.

[0023] Beneficial effect: The present invention sets a group of data points whose horizontal coordinates obey a uniform distribution, and then uses a no-inflection point distribution model and a preset first inflection point distribution model to perform data fitting respectively, so as to preliminarily judge whether the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate material has an inflection point based on the fitting results. If there is an inflection point, a group of data points whose horizontal coordinates obey a specific distribution are set according to the approximate area where the inflection point is located (the corresponding envelope feature type can be obtained according to the fitting results, and then matched according to the envelope feature type or the system automatically matches to a specific second inflection point distribution model) and superimposed with the above-mentioned group of data points, thereby amplifying the inflection point features to more accurately determine the area where the inflection point is located; if there is no inflection point, the above-mentioned no-inflection point distribution model can be directly used for fitting. Among them, for the predicted test envelope with inflection point characteristics, the distribution density of multiple second test data points is planned (for example, the horizontal axis obeys a specific distribution), and then all the measured data (the first test data point and the second test data point, etc.) are summarized so that its inflection point characteristics are amplified (for example, by increasing the density of the test data points around the inflection point, so that when all the data points are superimposed together, the inflection point characteristics are bound to be amplified), thereby more accurately determining the specific position of the inflection point.

[0024] Compared with the problem of weakening the envelope characteristics by simply adopting the mean measurement method, the method of the present invention can adjust the number (or density) of the data points to be measured around the inflection point (i.e., the envelope characteristics) on the basis of obtaining the same number of data points to be measured, thereby not only amplifying the inflection point characteristics, but also locating the specific position of the inflection point more intuitively and accurately, making its envelope fitting function more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the various elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0026] Figure 1a A flow chart of a method for designing an experiment for measuring the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 1b A flow chart of a method for designing an experiment for measuring the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2aA structural diagram of a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2b A structural diagram of a static ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2c for Figure 2b Schematic diagram of placing ice-making molds on the middle ice-making platform;

[0031] Figure 2d for Figure 2b Schematic diagram of static ice produced by the ice-making platform;

[0032] Figure 3 To reflect the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ max Corresponding data points, uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ max Schematic diagram of the position of the corresponding data points in the τ-σ coordinate system;

[0033] Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of a first preset strength envelope;

[0034] Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the second preset strength envelope;

[0035] Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the third preset strength envelope;

[0036] Figure 4d is a schematic diagram of the fourth preset strength envelope;

[0037] Figure 5 The horizontal coordinate distribution diagram of each data point in the first set of test data points obtained by the simulation pre-experiment of measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between the ice layer and the test substrate according to the experimental design plan;

[0038] Figure 6 The horizontal coordinate distribution diagram of each data point in the second group of test data points obtained by the simulation pre-experiment for measuring the envelope of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the test substrate according to the experimental design plan;

[0039] Figure 7 The horizontal coordinate distribution diagram of each data point in the third group of test data points obtained by the simulation pre-experiment for measuring the envelope of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the test substrate according to the experimental design plan;

[0040] Figure 8 The horizontal coordinate distribution diagram of each data point in the fourth group of test data points obtained by the simulation pre-experiment prediction of the adhesion strength envelope measurement of the interface between the surface layer and the test substrate according to the experimental design plan;

[0041] Figure 9a The shear adhesion strength distribution diagram of 8 uniformly distributed predicted data points under tension-shear coupling loading conditions;

[0042] Figure 9b Based on the uniform distribution model Figure 9a Schematic diagram of the fitting curve obtained by data fitting the 8 predicted data points;

[0043] Figure 9c Based on the first type of broken line Figure 9a Schematic diagram of the fitting curve obtained by data fitting the 8 predicted data points.

[0044] Summary of reference numerals and symbols in the accompanying drawings: refrigeration platform 1, clamp 10; ice-making mold 2, hollow cavity 21, sealing cover 22, slot 23, curved handle 24; substrate to be tested 3; static ice 4a, interface between ice and substrate to be tested 43; force sensor 5; traction rope 71, hand pulley 72, fixed pulley 73; support frame 8; cup holder 9; air core 11; supercooled droplet 12; thrust gauge 13; air pipe 14; vacuum pump 15; compressor 16; dynamic ice 4b; plastic sheet 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] To further clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments represent only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The use of suffixes such as "module," "component," or "unit" to designate components herein is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention and does not inherently have specific meanings. Therefore, "module," "component," or "unit" may be used interchangeably. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," "rear," "one end," and "the other end" herein, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation, and are therefore not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In this document, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a communication between the two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. "And / or" in this document includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed items. "Multiple" in this document means two or more, that is, it includes two, three, four, five, etc.

[0046] Current research on experimental testing methods for the adhesion properties of ice-substrate interfaces primarily focuses on testing the shear adhesion strength under uniaxial stress or the tensile adhesion strength under uniaxial stress. Research on systems and methods for measuring the envelope of adhesion strength between ice and substrate materials is still lacking. While various distribution models for envelope measurement exist, the precise distribution model that best matches or approximates the interface between ice and substrate materials remains unresolved. A common method for determining the envelope of adhesion strength between materials is to perform envelope experiments using uniform test values. However, using only uniform test values ​​can weaken the envelope characteristics, thereby reducing measurement accuracy. Directly using known distribution models for separate experiments and data fitting can result in lengthy experimental cycles and high costs. Therefore, how to rationally plan envelope measurement experiments for ice-substrate interface adhesion strength is a pressing issue.

[0047] In view of this, the present invention proposes a method for designing an experimental envelope for measuring the adhesion strength envelope between ice and material interfaces. By setting a group of data points with uniform distribution of horizontal coordinates and fitting them with distribution models with inflection points and without inflection points, respectively, the envelope feature type is preliminarily predicted. If there is an inflection point, the inflection point distribution model for data fitting and the distribution density of the second group of test data points designed to amplify the inflection point features are determined according to the envelope feature type. Then, all the measured data points are summarized so that the corresponding features are amplified (for example, if there is an inflection point, by increasing the density of the test data points around the inflection point, when all the data points are superimposed together, the inflection point features are bound to be amplified). This provides a more reliable research direction for exploring the acquisition of the adhesion strength envelope between ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0048] Example 1: See Figure 1a , is a flow chart of an experimental design method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of an ice layer and a material interface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0049] S101, prepare the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested. S102, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested. In some embodiments, a normal tensile force is applied to the ice layer by a normal power source until the ice layer falls off, and the current normal tensile force peak value is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average of the normal tensile force peak values ​​is calculated. The uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ is further obtained according to the following formula (2): max Similarly, the corresponding tangential shear force is applied to the ice layer through the tangential power source until the ice layer falls off, and the current tangential shear force peak is obtained. Repeat this process multiple times, calculate the average value of the normal shear force peak, and further obtain the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ according to the following formula (1): max .

[0050] In some embodiments, Among them, F s is the average value of the tangential tensile force peak, F n is the average peak value of the normal tensile force, and S is the contact interface area between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested.

[0051] S103: Under the shear-tensile coupling state, experimentally obtain the horizontal and vertical coordinate values ​​of multiple data points in the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested. In some embodiments, a corresponding shear-tensile loading experiment plan is designed based on the envelope characteristics of various known strength envelopes (e.g., the presence or absence of an inflection point, and the locations of the inflection points being different). Specifically, step S103 includes: dividing all the data points to be measured equally according to at least four preset strength envelopes to obtain at least four groups of data points to be measured; matching the corresponding distribution model for the horizontal coordinates of each group of the data points to be measured according to the envelope characteristics of each of the preset strength envelopes; calculating the horizontal coordinate values ​​of each of the data points to be measured in each group based on the pre-acquired maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) and the corresponding distribution model; for each of the data points to be measured, obtaining the average tangential tension peak value under the tangential load state coupled with the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value; and calculating the shear adhesion strength of the data point to be measured based on the average tangential tension peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the data point to be measured.

[0052] See also Figure 4a , assuming that the strength envelope of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate material is the first preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: no inflection point, roughly or almost uniform distribution, the corresponding fitting formula (i.e., no inflection point distribution model) is: Among them, τ max is the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, σ max is the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, τ is the interfacial shear stress, σ is the interfacial tensile stress, and parameters a0 and b0 are parameters to be determined by fitting.

[0053] See also Figure 4b Assuming that the ice layer interface strength envelope is the second preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., one of the basic inflection point distribution models) is: Among them, parameters a2, b2, c2, d2, and t2 are parameters to be fitted and determined;

[0054] See also Figure 4c Assuming that the ice layer interface strength envelope is the third preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and front part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e. the second basic inflection point distribution model) is: Among them, parameters a3, b3, c2, d3, and t3 are parameters to be fitted and determined;

[0055] See also Figure 4dAssuming that the ice layer interface strength envelope is the fourth preset strength envelope, its envelope characteristics are: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e. the third basic inflection point distribution model) is: Among them, parameters a4, b4, c4, d4, and t4 are parameters to be fitted and determined.

[0056] In order to accurately obtain the key data of the envelope and provide support for fitting the envelope, based on the assumptions of the above four strength envelope forms, the tensile load loading value is designed and selected according to the characteristic form of the envelope.

[0057] Based on the number of preset strength envelopes, all the data points to be tested are divided into a corresponding number of groups, and the tensile load loading values ​​of the data points to be tested in the corresponding group (i.e., the horizontal coordinate values ​​of each data point to be tested) are matched with the corresponding distribution density function based on the envelope characteristics of each preset strength envelope.

[0058] 1) If the current set of test data points matches the no-inflection-point distribution model, i.e., fitting formula (3), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) is evenly divided into N levels, and the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N test data points in the set are obtained, i.e., the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N test data points, i.e., the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N test data points follow a uniform distribution. 2) If the current set of test data points matches the first basic inflection-point distribution model mentioned above, i.e., fitting formula (4), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the normal distribution function, and the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N test data points in the set are obtained, i.e., the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N test data points follow a normal distribution. 3) If the current set of test data points matches the second basic inflection-point distribution model mentioned above, i.e., fitting formula (5), then the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function, and the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N test data points in the set are obtained, i.e., the horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N test data points follow a Gamma distribution. 4) If the current group of test data points matches the third basic inflection point distribution model, i.e., fitting formula (6), the maximum tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function, and the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of each of the N test data points in the group are obtained. Then, the tensile adhesion strength mirror values ​​of the N test data points are mirrored about a preset symmetry axis to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N test data points, i.e., the horizontal coordinates of the N test data points obey the Gamma mirror distribution. The symmetry axis is located at the midpoint of the horizontal coordinate of the maximum tensile adhesion strength in the τ-σ coordinate system and is perpendicular to the horizontal axis in the τ-σ coordinate system.

[0059] For each data point to be measured, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic setting value for coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tension of each data point to be measured can be determined), and then the shear tension is gradually increased from 0N until the ice layer separates from the interface of the substrate to be measured, and the corresponding shear tensile force peak is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average of the shear tensile force peaks is calculated. The shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be measured is further calculated, that is, the vertical coordinate of the data point to be measured.

[0060] S104: Connect all the measured data points, uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength to draw an initial envelope. S105: Calculate the similarity between the initial envelope and each of the aforementioned hypothetical strength envelopes. The hypothetical strength envelope with the greatest similarity is used as the adhesion strength envelope for the ice layer to substrate interface for data fitting.

[0061] Example 2: The present invention also provides another ice layer and material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement experimental design method, which includes the steps in the above-mentioned Example 1, except that, see Figure 1b In this embodiment, measurements are not grouped according to the four distribution models described above. To reduce experimental cycle time and cost, a first set of data points with a uniform horizontal coordinate distribution is first fitted using a no-inflection-point distribution model and a preset first inflection-point distribution model. The envelope characteristic type (i.e., whether there is an inflection point) of the envelope is preliminarily determined. If there is no inflection point, the no-inflection-point curve obtained by data fitting using the no-inflection-point distribution model is used as the envelope to be measured. If there is an inflection point, the envelope characteristics in the preliminary fitting result are matched to the corresponding second inflection-point distribution model, and a second set of data points with a specific horizontal coordinate distribution (for example, a density distribution function of the corresponding horizontal coordinate is matched according to the identified envelope characteristic type) is set to be superimposed with the first set of data points to amplify the inflection point characteristics, and finally the data is fitted to obtain the envelope to be measured. Specifically, the method of this embodiment includes the steps of: S101, preparing the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be measured. S102, respectively obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the ice layer and the substrate to be measured.

[0062] S31, preset N first test data points whose horizontal coordinates obey uniform distribution, and obtain the horizontal coordinate values ​​and vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first test data points through experiments. In some embodiments, the maximum tensile adhesion strength value (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) is evenly divided into N equal parts to obtain N tensile adhesion strength values, that is, the horizontal coordinate value of each first test data point is obtained; then the tensile adhesion strength value corresponding to each first test data point is used as the basic setting value for coupling loading of the corresponding first test data point (correspondingly, the normal tension of each test data point can be determined), and then the shear tension is gradually increased from 0N until the static ice separates from the test substrate interface, to obtain the corresponding shear tensile force peak value, and repeated multiple times, and the average is calculated, and then the shear adhesion strength value of each first test data point is calculated according to the above formula (1), that is, the vertical coordinate of the test data point.

[0063] S33, respectively fitting the data using the no-inflection-point distribution model and the preset first inflection-point distribution model, and determining the type of the interface adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material (or the type of envelope characteristics) based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if it is an envelope without an inflection point (for example, the goodness of fit of the no-inflection-point distribution model is greater than the goodness of fit of the first inflection-point distribution model), the no-inflection-point curve corresponding to the no-inflection-point distribution model after data fitting is used as the adhesion strength envelope to be measured; if it is an envelope with an inflection point (for example, the goodness of fit of the no-inflection-point distribution model is less than the goodness of fit of the first inflection-point distribution model), Goodness of fit), N second data points to be tested are preset again, and according to the envelope feature type, corresponding second inflection point distribution models and distribution density functions of the abscissas of the N second data points to be tested are matched to the N second data points to be tested. Then, under the shear-stretch coupling state, the abscissa values ​​and ordinate values ​​of the N second data points to be tested are obtained through experiments, and the second inflection point distribution model is used to perform data fitting on all data points (N first data points to be tested, N second data points to be tested, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength) to obtain the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0064] In some embodiments, the first inflection point distribution model is: Among them, parameters a1, b1, c1, d1, and t1 are parameters to be fitted and determined.

[0065] In some embodiments, the second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models based on the envelope feature type in the distribution trend of the N first test data points. Specifically, after fitting the N first test data using the first inflection point distribution model, the approximate distribution area of ​​the inflection point (i.e., the specific envelope feature type) can be preliminarily determined based on the fitting results or the distribution trend of the N first test data points, and then a basic inflection point distribution model with the same distribution area (for example, the inflection points are all located in the middle) can be found from the three basic inflection point distribution models based on the approximate distribution area. Specifically, as mentioned above, the three basic inflection point distribution models correspond to the above-mentioned fitting formulas (4), (5), and (6), respectively.

[0066] In some embodiments, under the shear-stretch coupling state, the steps of respectively obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of N first data points to be tested through experiments specifically include the following steps: evenly dividing the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the N first data points to be tested, that is, obtaining the preset horizontal coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be tested; for each first data point to be tested, obtaining the average tangential tension peak value under the tangential load state coupled with the tensile load corresponding to the corresponding horizontal coordinate value; and calculating the shear adhesion strength of the first data point to be tested based on the average tangential tension peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the first data point to be tested.

[0067] In some embodiments, if the envelope characteristics are different, the second inflection point distribution model matched thereto is also different, and the distribution of the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points is also different (that is, the distribution density functions of the N second test data points are different), and the arrangement scheme of the tensile load loading value that needs to be set (that is, the horizontal axis value of each test data point, or the horizontal coordinate) is also different: if the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched thereto or matched thereto is the fitting formula (4), and accordingly, the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the normal distribution. Therefore, the horizontal coordinate value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the normal distribution function (that is, the distribution density function) and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and then the tangential load is coupled on the basis of the horizontal coordinate value to obtain the tangential tensile force peak value, and the average value of the tangential tensile force peak value is obtained through multiple experiments; if the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and front part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched thereto is Fitting formula (5), accordingly, the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the Gamma distribution, therefore, the horizontal coordinate value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the Gamma distribution function (i.e., distribution density function) and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and then the tangential load is coupled on the basis of the horizontal coordinate value to obtain the tangential tension peak value, and the average value of the tangential tension peak value is obtained through multiple experiments; if the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched to it is the fitting formula (6), accordingly, the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the Gamma mirror distribution, therefore, the mirror horizontal coordinate value of each second test data point can be calculated based on the Gamma distribution function and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and then the horizontal coordinate value of the second test data point can be obtained by mirroring with the preset symmetry axis, and then the tangential load is coupled on the basis of the horizontal coordinate value to obtain the tangential tension peak value, and the average value of the tangential tension peak value is obtained through multiple experiments.

[0068] The following is a detailed description with reference to specific experimental examples: 1) After preparing the interface between static ice and the substrate material to be tested, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength are obtained: shear adhesion strength: 0.448 MPa tensile adhesion strength: 0.911 MPa; 2) 8 first predicted data points with uniform distribution of the horizontal coordinates are set, and the shear adhesion strength data under the tensile-shear coupling loading condition are obtained through experiments, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Figure 9a .

[0069] Table 1 Shear adhesion strength under tension-shear coupled loading conditions

[0070]

[0071] 3) Based on the no-inflection-point distribution model, that is, the above fitting formula (1), the data is fitted to obtain:

[0072] The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.96, see Figure 9b ;

[0073] 4) Based on the first inflection point distribution model, that is, the above fitting formula (7), data fitting is performed to obtain:

[0074] The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.88, see Figure 9c .

[0075] 5) Comparing the two fitting results, it is predicted that the envelope characteristic of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured has no inflection point. Therefore, the above fitting formula (1) is used to fit the data, that is, the fitting function obtained in 3) is used to characterize the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0076] Example 3: The experimental design method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of ice coating on a material surface of the present invention is applied to measure the adhesion strength envelope of dynamic ice and material interface.

[0077] See also Figure 2a , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system includes: a support (i.e., a refrigeration platform 1) that can be placed in various icing environments; a test base cup 9 made of a base material (such as typical aircraft skin materials: aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, composite materials, etc., or vehicle shell materials, etc.); an air core 11 fixed to the support; a flexible carrier 17 (such as a plastic sheet); a tangential power source (such as a thruster 13) and an airflow normal power source (such as a compressor 16) for applying tangential and normal forces to the dynamic ice 43 formed on the test base cup 9; and a host computer for controlling the negative pressure device and each power source.

[0078] In some embodiments, a first air duct connected to the air core is provided in the support 1; the cup holder 9 is detachably mounted on the air core 11, and a second air duct connected to the air core 11 and passing through the top upper surface of the cup holder 9 is provided in the cup holder 9; the above-mentioned flexible carrier 17 covers the outlet of the second air duct.

[0079] In some embodiments, the cup holder 9 is threadedly connected to the air core 11. Specifically, an air core chamber is provided near the bottom of the cup holder 9, and an inner wall of the air core chamber is provided with an inner thread that can cooperate with the outer thread on the air core.

[0080] In some embodiments, a groove that cooperates with the flexible carrier 17 can be provided at the outlet of the second airway pipe. When the flexible carrier 17 is placed in the groove, the flexible carrier 17 is away from the outer surface of the cup holder 9 and is flush with the upper surface of the top of the cup holder 9.

[0081] In some embodiments, the tangential power source includes a thrust meter 13. The thrust meter force rod can be controlled to make the force rod contact with the dynamic ice.

[0082] In some embodiments, the airflow normal power source includes: a negative pressure device (such as a vacuum pump 15), an airflow generating device (such as a compressor 16), and a third airway pipeline and a fourth airway pipeline, the negative pressure device is connected to the first airway pipeline through the third airway pipeline, and the airflow generating device is connected to the first airway pipeline through the fourth airway pipeline.

[0083] In some embodiments, the negative pressure device uses a vacuum pump, that is, the vacuum pump draws a vacuum inside the cup holder through the third air duct, the first air duct and the air core, so that the flexible carrier is tightly attached to the circular groove on the upper surface of the base material cup holder, thereby preventing supercooled water droplets in the icing environment from freezing in the second air duct (or even in the air core and the first air duct) inside the base material cup holder after the measuring device is placed in an icing environment.

[0084] In some embodiments, the airflow generating device utilizes an air compressor. Once dynamic ice layer 4b forms on the upper surface of the cup holder, the air compressor controls the airflow pressure within the airway conduit, causing the airflow within the conduit to propel flexible carrier 17 outward, thereby impacting the dynamic ice layer. Specifically, the airflow pressure can be gradually increased, so that the impact of the airflow causes flexible carrier 17 to push dynamic ice layer 4b and the substrate material in a normal direction at interface 43. When the force exerted by flexible carrier 17 on the ice layer interface increases to a critical adhesion value, dynamic ice layer 4b falls off, thereby enabling in-situ measurement of the tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0085] In some embodiments, the base material cup holder is a replaceable, standardized design. Different base material cup holders are prepared with different base materials. The inner thread of the base material cup holder is screwed to the outer thread of the support air core to facilitate the measurement of the adhesion performance of different base materials with the dynamic ice interface.

[0086] In some embodiments, a circular groove is opened on the upper surface of the base material cup holder, and a circular plastic sheet of equal thickness is placed in the circular groove. A vacuum pump is used to draw vacuum so that the plastic sheet is tightly attached to the circular groove on the upper surface of the base material cup holder to prevent supercooled water droplets from freezing in the air path inside the base material cup holder.

[0087] In some embodiments, supercooled water droplets are applied through a small vertical icing wind tunnel to generate dynamic ice on the surface of the base material cup holder. The interface between the dynamic ice and the base material constitutes the ice layer interface whose adhesion strength is to be measured. After the dynamic ice-base interface is generated, the vacuum pump is turned off and the compressor is turned on. The airflow pressure within the tube is controlled so that the airflow pushes the plastic sheet outward. The airflow pressure is gradually increased until the plastic sheet pushes the interface between the dynamic ice and the base material in a normal direction, thereby achieving in-situ adhesion tensile strength measurement of the ice layer interface.

[0088] A thrust gauge is placed on one side of the dynamic ice, and its force rod is controlled to bring it into contact with the dynamic ice. The lateral thrust is gradually increased to cause tangential separation between the dynamic ice and the substrate material, thereby measuring the adhesion shear strength of the ice layer interface. By combining the lateral thrust of the thrust gauge with the pressure of the airflow within the tube, the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate material is simultaneously subjected to tangential and normal forces. Data fitting is performed using the experimental design described in Example 1 or Example 2 to obtain the adhesion strength envelope and its expression.

[0089] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the normal tensile adhesion strength of the interface is based on the above-mentioned system: after generating the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be measured, the upper computer controls the airflow normal power source to generate airflow to push the flexible carrier to move outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface, and the normal pulling force is gradually increased by controlling the size of the airflow generated by the airflow normal power source until the interface separation of the dynamic ice and the substrate to be measured occurs, thereby realizing the measurement of the tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0090] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interface adhesion strength under the shear-tensile coupling loading state based on the above system is as follows: after generating the interface 43 between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested, the upper computer controls the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow to push the flexible carrier outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface to apply a certain amount of normal tension to the interface, i.e., normal tensile load. Then, on this basis, the tangential tension (i.e., tangential load) is gradually increased by controlling the airflow size generated by the airflow-type normal power source until the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested undergo interface separation, thereby obtaining an interface stress test value under the tensile-shear coupling state; according to a preset experimental scheme (such as the experimental design scheme in Example 1 or Example 2 above), the given normal tension (i.e., normal tensile load) is gradually increased, and the above steps are repeated to obtain multiple tensile-shear coupling state interface stress test values, thereby completing the measurement of the interface adhesion strength envelope between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0091] Based on the above-mentioned dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, the dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope is measured using the measurement experiment design method of the above-mentioned embodiment 2.

[0092] The dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0093] S1, preparing the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0094] S2, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0095] In some embodiments, when preparing the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be tested, a vacuum pump is first used to evacuate the plastic sheet so that it is tightly sealed to the circular groove on the upper surface of the cup holder of the substrate material. Then, supercooled water droplets are applied through a small vertical icing wind tunnel to generate dynamic ice on the surface of the cup holder of the substrate material, thereby obtaining the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate material.

[0096] When obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between dynamic ice and the substrate to be measured, the airflow in the tube inside the cup holder of the substrate material or the thrust gauge is used to stretch or shear the ice layer interface, and the corresponding sensor load peak is recorded. The above steps are repeated 3-5 times, and the load peak values ​​are averaged.

[0097] Subsequently, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ of the corresponding data points is plotted in the τ-σ coordinate system max , uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ max ,like Figure 3 shown.

[0098] Data fitting is usually performed based on the above formula (3), which actually assumes that the adhesion strength envelope of the ice-to-substrate interface follows a distribution with no inflection point. However, the ice-to-substrate interface adhesion strength envelope currently has no clear envelope shape or functional form, nor has any corresponding report been published. Therefore, using only the above single distribution model for data fitting may not actually obtain the true adhesion strength envelope of the ice-to-substrate interface, or the obtained strength envelope may be of low accuracy.

[0099] Based on this, in this embodiment, various strength envelopes with different envelope characteristics are taken into consideration, and corresponding shear-tensile load loading experimental design schemes are designed to perform envelope measurements.

[0100] S3, presetting N first data points to be measured whose horizontal coordinates obey a uniform distribution, and obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be measured through experiments under a shear-stretch coupling state.

[0101] S4, fitting data by a preset no-kink distribution model and a preset first kink distribution model, and judging a kink feature type of the dynamic ice and the base material interface adhesion strength envelope according to fitting degrees of the two distribution models; if being no-kink, taking a no-kink curve corresponding to the no-kink distribution model obtained after data fitting as the to-be-measured adhesion strength envelope; if being a kink envelope, setting N second to-be-measured data points again, and matching a corresponding second kink distribution model and a distribution density function of the abscissa to the N second to-be-measured data points according to the kink feature type, and then performing a dynamic ice and to-be-measured base interface adhesion strength envelope experiment in a shear-tension coupling state to obtain an abscissa value and an ordinate value of each second to-be-measured data point, and executing step S5.

[0102] In some embodiments, the no-kink distribution model is the fitting formula (3) described above; and the first kink distribution model is the fitting formula (7) described above.

[0103] As described above, since the kink feature type of the to-be-measured envelope is not known in advance, it is assumed here that the kink feature type is a kink, and the fitting formula (7) described above is constructed to fit the N first to-be-measured data points and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and the uniaxial tension adhesion strength, and then the fitting result is compared with the fitting result obtained by using the no-kink distribution model, so as to preliminarily determine the kink feature type of the to-be-measured envelope, and then the next experimental design is planned.

[0104] S5, fitting data by using the second kink distribution model on the 2N second to-be-measured data points, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and the uniaxial tension adhesion strength, to obtain the to-be-measured adhesion strength envelope between the dynamic ice and the to-be-measured base.

[0105] In some embodiments, if the envelope features are different, the second kink distribution models matched thereto are also different, and correspondingly, the abscissa distributions of the N second to-be-measured data points are also different, and the arrangement schemes of the tension load loading values (i.e., the abscissa values or abscissas of the to-be-measured data points) to be set are also different:

[0106] If the envelope feature is that there is a significant kink and the kink is located in the middle of the envelope, the second kink distribution model matched thereto is the fitting formula (4), and correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second to-be-measured data points obey a normal distribution, so the abscissa values of each second to-be-measured data point can be determined based on the normal distribution function, and then the coupling experiment (i.e., the coupling tangential load) is performed multiple times based on this to obtain a tangential tension peak value mean of the second to-be-measured data point, and the ordinate of the second to-be-measured data point is calculated;

[0107] If the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched to it is the fitting formula (5). Accordingly, the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points obey the Gamma distribution. Therefore, the horizontal coordinate value of each second test data point can be determined based on the Gamma distribution function. Then, on this basis, multiple coupling experiments (i.e., coupled tangential loads) are carried out to obtain the average peak value of the tangential tension of the second test data point, and the vertical coordinate of the second test data point is calculated;

[0108] If the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, then the second inflection point distribution model matched to it is the fitting formula (6). Accordingly, the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points obey the Gamma mirror distribution. Therefore, the mirror horizontal coordinate value of each second test data point can be determined based on the Gamma distribution function, and then the mirror processing is performed to obtain the horizontal coordinate value. On this basis, multiple coupling experiments (i.e., coupled tangential loads) are carried out to obtain the average tangential tensile peak value of the second test data point, and the vertical coordinate of the second test data point is calculated.

[0109] Of course, different interface areas, different sizes, different ice-making environments, etc. will affect the shape of the final envelope. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to explore an experimental design scheme for the envelope of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested, under the premise of not knowing the shape of the envelope of the adhesion strength between the ice layer and the substrate to be tested. For example, a preliminary prediction of the envelope characteristic type is made by setting a first set of data points with uniform horizontal coordinates. Then, based on the preliminary prediction results, a decision is made whether to set a second set of data points and the distribution method of the horizontal coordinates of the second set of data points, thereby amplifying the envelope characteristics to more accurately obtain the position of the inflection point. Compared with the traditional envelope experiment assuming a single distribution model, the obtained envelope is more consistent with the characteristics of the ice layer.

[0110] Of course, in other embodiments, for some scenarios where the envelope measurement accuracy is very high, the data points to be measured can also be grouped according to the above four preset strength envelopes, that is, the predetermined data points to be measured are divided into four groups, and the following four arrangements of tensile load loading values ​​(i.e., the horizontal axis values, or horizontal coordinates, of each data point to be measured) are set respectively:

[0111] 1) Based on the envelope characteristics of the first preset strength envelope, the abscissa of each test data point in the first set of test data points is matched to a corresponding uniform distribution model, and the abscissa of each test data point (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) is calculated based on the uniform distribution model. For example, the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer obtained is divided by 10 to obtain a tolerance, and then gradually increased from 0 to form an arithmetic progression. This progression is used as the tensile adhesion strength test point value of the ice layer, thereby obtaining the tensile adhesion strength value of each test data point in the first set of test data points, that is, determining the value of each test data point on the abscissa. Each tensile adhesion strength value is then used as the basic set value for coupled loading of the corresponding test data point (correspondingly, the normal tension corresponding to each test data point can be determined). The shear tension is then gradually increased from 0 N until the static ice separates from the test substrate interface, obtaining the corresponding shear tensile force peak. This is repeated multiple times, and the average is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each test data point, i.e., the vertical coordinate of the test data point.

[0112] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design, the value of each data point on the horizontal axis is obtained. Figure 5 , it can be seen that the horizontal coordinates of each data point to be measured in the first group of data points to be measured will be evenly distributed in each area of ​​the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0113] 2) Based on the envelope characteristics of the second preset strength envelope, the horizontal coordinate of each data point to be measured in the second set of data points to be measured is matched to the corresponding normal distribution model, and the horizontal coordinate (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) of each data point to be measured in the second set of data points to be measured is determined based on the normal distribution function. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the normal distribution function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 data points to be tested are calculated, that is, the horizontal coordinate of each data point to be tested is determined; it can be seen from this that the number / density of data points to be tested around the assumed inflection point (that is, when the measured envelope is assumed to be similar to the second preset strength envelope, the inflection point in the envelope) is relatively large; then each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic set value for coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be tested (correspondingly, the normal tension of each data point to be tested can be determined), and then the shear tension is gradually increased from 0N until the static ice separates from the interface of the measured substrate, and the corresponding shear tensile force peak is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be tested, that is, the vertical coordinate of the data point to be tested, thereby drawing a distribution diagram of the second set of data points to be tested.

[0114] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design scheme, the value of each data point on the horizontal axis in the second data set is obtained. Figure 6 Thus, it can be seen that each of the second set of data points to be tested will be concentrated in the middle area of ​​the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0115] 3) Based on the envelope characteristics of the third preset strength envelope, the horizontal coordinate of each data point to be tested in the third group of data points to be tested is matched to the corresponding Gamma distribution model, and the horizontal coordinate (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) of each data point to be tested in the third group of data points to be tested is determined based on the Gamma distribution function. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 data points to be tested are calculated, that is, the horizontal coordinate of each data point to be tested is determined; it can be seen from this that the number / density of data points to be tested around the assumed inflection point (that is, the inflection point in the envelope when the assumed test envelope is closest to the third preset strength envelope) is relatively large; then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic set value for coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be tested (correspondingly, the normal tension of each data point to be tested can be determined), and then the shear tension is gradually increased from 0N until the static ice separates from the interface of the test substrate to obtain the corresponding shear tensile force peak value, and this is repeated multiple times, and the average is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be tested, that is, the vertical coordinate of the data point to be tested, thereby drawing a distribution map of the third set of data points to be tested.

[0116] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design scheme, the value of each data point on the horizontal axis in the third data set is obtained. Figure 7 ; It can be seen from this that each of the data points to be tested in the third group of data points to be tested will be concentrated in the middle and front area of ​​the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0117] 4) Based on the envelope characteristics of the fourth preset strength envelope, the horizontal coordinates of each data point to be measured in the fourth group of data points to be measured are matched to the corresponding Gamma distribution model, and the mirror horizontal coordinates (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength values) of each data point to be measured in the fourth group of data points to be measured are determined based on the Gamma distribution function, and mirror processing is performed to obtain the horizontal coordinates of the fourth group of data points to be measured. For example, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of 10 data points to be tested are calculated, and a symmetry axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis is set at the origin and the midpoint of the horizontal coordinate of the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer. The Gamma distribution axis of symmetry is then mirrored to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of each data point to be tested in the fourth group of data points to be tested, that is, the horizontal coordinate of each data point to be tested is determined; each tensile adhesion strength value is then used as the basic setting value for the coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be tested (correspondingly, the normal tension of each data point to be tested can be determined), and the shear tension is then gradually increased from 0 N until the static ice separates from the interface of the substrate to be tested, to obtain the corresponding shear tensile force peak value, and this is repeated multiple times, and the average is calculated to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be tested, that is, the vertical coordinate of the data point to be tested, thereby drawing a distribution diagram of the fourth group of data points to be tested.

[0118] In some embodiments, according to the experimental design scheme, the value of each data point on the horizontal axis in the fourth data set is obtained. Figure 8 ; It can be seen from this that the data points to be tested in the third group of data points to be tested will be concentrated in the middle and rear areas of the adhesion strength envelope to be tested.

[0119] When all the obtained data points are counted on a function graph, a total of 42 data points are obtained (including two data points on the horizontal and vertical axes, and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ max , uniaxial tensile adhesion strength). Connect the 42 data points to form a curve, calculate the similarity between this curve and the four hypothetical distribution curves, and determine whether the similarity is greater than or equal to a preset threshold (specifically, this similarity can be obtained by performing image processing on a host computer). If so, use the hypothetical strength envelope with the greatest similarity greater than the preset threshold as the static ice-to-test substrate adhesion strength envelope. Otherwise, use the adhesion strength envelope obtained by data fitting based on the 42 data points as the static ice-to-test substrate adhesion strength envelope. Preferably, the above similarity represents a probability of similarity, and accordingly, the preset threshold is 90%.

[0120] The distribution trend of each data point ultimately predicted is nearly identical or similar to the distribution trend of each data point obtained using the aforementioned static ice-to-substrate surface adhesion strength envelope measurement method, and will not be further elaborated here. Of course, while the trends are nearly identical or similar, it is understandable that the specific values ​​of each data point differ from those obtained using the dynamic ice-to-substrate surface adhesion strength envelope measurement method.

[0121] Example 4: In other embodiments, the above method of the present invention can also be used to measure the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice layer and the material interface.

[0122] See also Figure 2b-2d The static ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system includes: a refrigeration platform 1, an ice-making mold 2, a fixing mechanism (preferably a clamp) for fixing the substrate 3 to be measured on the refrigeration platform 1, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential tension and normal tension to the static ice 4 formed on the substrate 3 to be measured, respectively, force sensors 5 respectively arranged on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensor.

[0123] In some embodiments, the ice-making mold 2 includes a hollow cavity 21 with openings at the top and bottom, and a sealing cover 22 detachably mounted on the top of the hollow cavity 21 .

[0124] In some embodiments, the hollow cavity 21 is cylindrical and has a circumferentially arranged groove 23 in its center for receiving the traction rope of the tangential actuator. The top of the sealing cover 22 is provided with an arc-shaped handle 24 for connecting the traction rope of the normal actuator. Preferably, the sealing cover is threadedly connected to the hollow cavity 21.

[0125] In some embodiments, the tangential actuator includes: a traction rope 71 that cooperates with the slot 23, and a power source for applying a tangential tension (or shear load) to the ice-making mold through the traction rope. Preferably, the power source is a motor or a hand-cranked pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is sleeved in the slot 23, and the other end is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor or the rotating shaft of the hand-cranked pulley; and a force sensor 5 is provided on the traction rope 71. By providing a circle of circumferential slots in the middle of the hollow cavity 21, the traction rope 71 is allowed to wrap around the hollow cavity 21, thereby preventing the traction rope 71 from slipping against its outer wall when the tangential tension is applied.

[0126] In some embodiments, a fixing fixture 10 is used to fix the substrate 3 to be measured on the refrigeration platform 1 to limit relative slippage between the substrate 3 to be measured and the refrigeration platform 1 due to normal tensile force / tangential tensile force during the measurement process.

[0127] In some embodiments, the normal actuator includes a traction rope 71 coupled to the curved handle 24, a fixed pulley 73 located directly above the ice mold (specifically, the fixed pulley 73 is secured directly above the ice mold via a support frame), and a power source for applying a normal tensile force (or normal load) to the ice mold via the traction rope. Preferably, the power source is a motor or a hand-cranked pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is secured to the curved handle 24, and the other end is connected to the motor's shaft or the shaft of the hand-cranked pulley. A force sensor 5 is provided on the traction rope 71.

[0128] In some embodiments, the hollow chamber, sealing cover, and test substrate are interchangeable and standardized. For example, different test substrates can be prepared using different substrate materials, and the opening diameter of the hollow chamber bottom can be customized to measure the ice interface adhesion properties under different contact areas between the ice layer and the test substrate and different substrate materials.

[0129] In some embodiments, an ice-making mold is placed on the substrate to be tested, the sealing cover is opened and an appropriate amount of water is added to the hollow cavity, and then the sealing cover is tightened. The water is cooled by a refrigeration platform to form a static ice interface with the substrate to be tested.

[0130] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the normal tensile adhesion strength of the interface is based on the above system: after generating the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested, tighten the normal traction rope, do not set or loosen the tangential traction rope, and increase the normal tension step by step until the interface between the ice-making mold and the substrate to be tested is separated, thereby realizing the measurement of the tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0131] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interface tangential tensile adhesion strength is based on the above system: after the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested is generated, the tangential traction rope is tightened, the normal traction rope is not set or loosened, and the tangential tension is increased step by step until the interface between the ice-making mold and the substrate to be tested is separated, thereby realizing the measurement of the shear adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0132] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interface adhesion strength under the shear-tensile coupling loading state is based on the above system: after generating the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be tested, tighten the normal traction rope to give the interface a certain amount of normal tension, that is, the normal tensile load, and then, on this basis, gradually increase the tangential tension (that is, the tangential load) until the ice-making mold and the substrate to be tested are separated at the interface, thereby obtaining an interface stress test value under the tensile-shear coupling state; according to a preset experimental design scheme (such as the experimental design method of Example 1 or Example 2 above), gradually increase the given normal tension (that is, the normal tensile load), repeat the above steps, obtain multiple tensile-shear coupling state interface stress test values, and complete the measurement of the interface adhesion strength envelope between the static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0133] Specifically, the static ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement method includes the following steps:

[0134] S1, preparing the interface between static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0135] In some embodiments, step S1 specifically includes: selecting the material of the substrate to be tested and manufacturing the corresponding substrate to be tested (or the flat plate to be tested) according to the corresponding size; then fixing the substrate to be tested on the refrigeration platform by a fixing fixture so that the substrate to be tested and the refrigeration platform are connected as one; placing an ice-making mold on the surface of the substrate to be tested, adding an appropriate amount of water into the ice-making mold, tightening the sealing cover, inserting a tangential traction rope into the slot, and putting a normal traction rope on the top of the arc handle; cooling the water by the refrigeration platform to form a static ice adhesion interface with the substrate to be tested.

[0136] S2, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be tested.

[0137] In some embodiments, step S2 specifically includes: using a motor or a hand-cranked pulley to drive the tangential traction rope to cause the interface to shear off, recording the tangential load peak value (i.e., the tangential tension peak value) of the stress sensor, repeating the above steps 3-5 times, and calculating the average of the tangential load peak values ​​measured 3-5 times; then, according to the above formula (1), the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ is calculated. max Use a motor or hand-cranked pulley to drive the normal traction rope to stretch the interface and record the normal load peak of the stress sensor (i.e., the normal tensile force peak). Repeat the above steps 3-5 times and calculate the average of the normal load peak values ​​measured 3-5 times. Then, calculate the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ according to the above formula (2): max Subsequently, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ of the corresponding data points is plotted in the τ-σ coordinate system. max , uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ max ,like Figure 3 shown.

[0138] S3, presetting N first data points to be measured whose horizontal coordinates obey a uniform distribution, and obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be measured through experiments under a shear-stretch coupling state.

[0139] S4, performing data fitting using a preset no-inflection-point distribution model and a preset first inflection-point distribution model, and determining the type of the interface adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; if there is no inflection point, using the no-inflection-point curve corresponding to the no-inflection-point distribution model after data fitting as the adhesion strength envelope to be measured; if there is an envelope with an inflection point, setting N second data points to be measured again, and performing a dynamic ice-to-substrate interface adhesion strength envelope experiment under a shear-stretch coupling state based on the matched second inflection-point distribution model and the abscissa density distribution function, and executing step S5.

[0140] In some embodiments, the no-inflection-point distribution model is the above-mentioned formula (3); the first inflection-point distribution model adopts the above-mentioned formula (7), which will not be repeated here.

[0141] S5, using the second inflection point distribution model to perform data fitting on the 2N test data points and the previously obtained uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength to obtain a test adhesion strength envelope between the dynamic ice and the test substrate.

[0142] In some embodiments, due to different envelope feature types in the data fitting results according to the first inflection point distribution model in step S4, the matched second inflection point distribution models are also different. Accordingly, the horizontal coordinate distribution of the N second measured data points is also different, and therefore the arrangement scheme of the tensile load loading value (i.e., the horizontal axis value, or horizontal coordinate, of each measured data point) that needs to be set is also different:

[0143] If the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the fitting formula (4), and the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the normal distribution; if the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and front of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the above fitting formula (5), and the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the Gamma distribution; if the envelope feature type is: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear of the envelope, then the matching second inflection point distribution model is the above fitting formula (6), and the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points will obey the Gamma mirror distribution. For example, once the second inflection point distribution model is matched according to the envelope feature type, the corresponding number of experiments is set to 8 times, accordingly:

[0144] 1) If the horizontal coordinates of the 8 second data points to be tested (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength values) are determined based on the normal distribution function: the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the 8 second data points to be tested are calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the normal distribution function; 2) If the horizontal coordinates of the 8 second data points to be tested (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength values) are determined based on the gamma distribution function: the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the 8 second data points to be tested are calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the gamma distribution function; 3) If the horizontal coordinates of the 8 second data to be tested (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength values) are determined based on the gamma mirror distribution function: the mirror tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the 8 second data points to be tested are calculated based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the gamma distribution function, and then mirroring is performed to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the 8 second data points to be tested.

[0145] S6, using the second inflection point distribution model to perform data fitting on the 2N data points to be measured, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, to obtain a test envelope.

[0146] Of course, in other embodiments, for some scenarios where the envelope measurement accuracy is very high, the data points to be measured can also be grouped according to the above four preset strength envelopes, that is, the predetermined data points to be measured are divided into four groups, and the following four tensile load loading values ​​(that is, the horizontal axis value of each data point to be measured, or the horizontal coordinate) are set respectively. The specific arrangement method is as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0147] Of course, different interface areas, different sizes, different ice-making environments, etc. will all affect the shape of the final envelope. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to explore an experimental direction for the envelope of the adhesion strength between static ice and the substrate to be tested, without knowing the shape of the envelope. For example, by amplifying some features of the known distribution model, the best hypothetical envelope can be matched. Compared with the traditional envelope experiment based on a single hypothetical envelope, the obtained envelope is more accurate.

[0148] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing an experimental measurement of the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface, characterized in that: Including steps: Preparing a target ice layer on a substrate to be tested; the target ice layer includes a static ice layer or a dynamic ice layer; Obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured; Preset N first data points to be measured whose horizontal coordinates obey a uniform distribution, and obtain the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of the N first data points to be measured respectively through experiments; Fitting the data using a preset no-inflection-point distribution model and a preset first-inflection-point distribution model, and determining the envelope characteristic type of the interface adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer and the substrate material based on the goodness of fit of the two distribution models; If it is an envelope without an inflection point, the curve without an inflection point corresponding to the distribution model without an inflection point after data fitting is used as the envelope of the adhesion strength to be measured between the substrate to be measured and the target ice layer; If the envelope has an inflection point, N second test data points are set again, and corresponding second inflection point distribution models and abscissa distribution density functions are matched to the N second test data points according to the envelope characteristic type of the envelope, and then the abscissa values ​​and ordinate values ​​of the N second test data points are obtained through experiments under a shear-stretch coupling state; The second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models according to the envelope feature type; the envelope feature type includes: the presence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope; or the presence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front of the envelope; or the presence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle rear of the envelope; The second inflection point distribution model is used to perform data fitting on the obtained 2N data points to be measured and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain an adhesion strength envelope between the target ice layer to be measured and the substrate to be measured.

2. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of N second measured data points through experiments under the shear-stretch coupling state specifically includes: Calculate the horizontal coordinate value of each second data point to be measured according to the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function; For each of the second data points to be measured, an average value of the peak value of the tangential tension under the tangential load state coupled with the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value is obtained through experiments; The shear adhesion strength of the second data point to be measured is calculated based on the average value of the tangential tensile force peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the second data point to be measured.

3. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of respectively obtaining the horizontal coordinate values ​​and the vertical coordinate values ​​of N first data points to be measured through experiments specifically include the following steps: Evenly dividing the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels, obtaining tensile adhesion strength values ​​of N first data points to be measured, and using the values ​​as the abscissas of the N first data points to be measured; For each of the first data points to be measured, an average value of the peak value of the tangential tension under the tangential load state coupled with the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value is obtained through experiments; The shear adhesion strength of the first data point to be measured is calculated based on the average value of the tangential tension peak value, thereby obtaining the vertical coordinate value of the first data point to be measured.

4. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step of calculating the horizontal coordinate value of each second measured data point according to the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the distribution density function specifically includes: If the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, and the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured obey a normal distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on a normal distribution function to obtain tensile adhesion strength values ​​for the N second data points to be measured; If the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle front portion of the envelope, and the horizontal coordinates of the N second test data points follow a gamma distribution, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the gamma distribution function to obtain tensile adhesion strength values ​​for the N second test data points; If the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear part of the envelope, the horizontal coordinates of the N second data points to be measured obey the Gamma mirror distribution, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels based on the Gamma distribution function to obtain N mirror values ​​of the tensile adhesion strength of the second data points to be measured. Then, the N mirror values ​​of the tensile adhesion strength of the second data points to be measured are mirrored along a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the N tensile adhesion strength values ​​of the second data points to be measured.

5. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The axis of symmetry is located at The horizontal axis in the coordinate system ranges from 0 to the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength The midpoint between The horizontal axis of the coordinate system is vertical.

6. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: For each of the second data points to be measured, the step of experimentally obtaining the average value of the tangential tension peak value under the tangential load state coupled to the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value specifically includes: For the first of the second data points to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, the normal tension is applied to the normal tension value corresponding to the first level of tensile adhesion strength, and then a tangential load is applied until the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured undergo interfacial separation; the peak shear tension force collected by the stress sensor is obtained; this is repeated multiple times, and an average of the peak tangential tension force values ​​is calculated; For the second second measured data point, based on the tensile load corresponding to the horizontal coordinate value, the normal tension is applied to the normal tension value corresponding to the second level tensile adhesion strength, and then a tangential load is applied until the target ice layer and the measured substrate undergo interfacial separation, thereby obtaining a shear tension peak value collected by the stress sensor; repeating this process multiple times and calculating an average of the tangential tension peak values; This is repeated N times until the average tangential tension peak value of the Nth second measured data point is obtained.

7. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fitting formula corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model is: ； If the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the fitting formula corresponding to the second inflection point distribution model is: ; or, If the envelope characteristic is that there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front of the envelope, the fitting formula corresponding to the second inflection point distribution model is: ; or, If the envelope is characterized by a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle and rear part of the envelope, the fitting formula for the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; in, is the interfacial shear stress, is the interfacial tensile stress, are the fitting parameters to be solved.

8. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method is based on a dynamic ice-material interface adhesion strength envelope measurement system, which includes: a base with a first airway pipeline, an air core fixed to the base and connected to the first airway pipeline, a cup holder for a substrate to be tested that can be sleeved on the air core, a flexible carrier with a top opening of a second airway pipeline arranged in the cup holder of the substrate to be tested, a tangential power source and an airflow-type normal power source for respectively applying tangential tension and normal tension to dynamic ice formed on the cup holder, a negative pressure device, the negative pressure device being connected to the first airway pipeline via a third airway pipeline, and a host computer for data communication with the tangential power source, the airflow-type normal power source, and the negative pressure device; accordingly, the step of preparing a target ice layer on the substrate to be tested specifically includes the following steps: The upper computer controls the negative pressure device to draw a vacuum so that the flexible carrier is tightly sealed to the second airway outlet on the upper surface of the cup holder made of the base material; The measurement system is placed in an icing environment, and the cup seat is located in the incoming flow direction of the icing environment so that supercooled water droplets / water vapor in the icing environment generate a dynamic ice layer on the upper surface of the cup seat.

9. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 8, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength of the interface between the target ice layer and the substrate to be measured specifically includes: The upper computer controls the airflow-type normal power source to generate airflow to push the flexible carrier outward, so that the flexible carrier pushes the dynamic ice layer along the normal direction of the dynamic ice layer interface, thereby generating a normal tensile force at the dynamic ice layer interface; When the dynamic ice layer detaches from the upper surface of the cup holder, the interfacial tensile adhesion strength is calculated based on the current airflow pressure of the airflow normal power source; The above steps are repeated to perform multiple measurements, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is calculated based on the normal tension during the dynamic ice layer detachment obtained from the multiple measurements.

10. The method for designing an experimental measurement method for the ice adhesion strength envelope of a material surface according to claim 9, characterized in that: The calculation formula of the interfacial tensile adhesion strength is: ;in, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device during dynamic ice shedding; s′ is the area of ​​the flexible carrier on which the airflow generated by the airflow generating device acts; and / or, The uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is: ; Wherein, S is the area of ​​the upper surface of the cup holder; p is the airflow pressure generated by the airflow generating device during dynamic ice shedding; s′ is the area of ​​the flexible carrier acted upon by the airflow generated by the airflow generating device; and M is the number of measurements, M>1.

Images