Flexible multi-functional slotter cutter and method for slotting crankshaft based on the cutter

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-functional flexible scribing cutter for turning and milling and a crankshaft scribing method based on the cutter, and at least comprises a cutter body, a first scribing part and a second scribing part; the first scribing part is arranged on the side wall of the cutter body, the second scribing part is arranged at the bottom of the cutter body, and a center drill is further arranged at the bottom of the cutter body; the first scribing part and the second scribing part are both provided with a retractable scribing needle, and the top of the cutter body is provided with a connecting part matched with a power mechanism; when the scheme is used, the connecting part is connected with the power mechanism, the first scribing part or the second scribing part is abutted to the surface of the crankshaft to be scribed under the driving of the power mechanism, and the surface is accurately scribed and scaled; since the scribing cutter heads are retractable structures, the damage of the scribing cutter heads to the crankshaft is avoided, and only predetermined traces are drawn on the surface, so that the later punching is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crankshaft manufacturing and processing, and in particular to a multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling and a crankshaft scribing method based on the tool. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional marine crankshaft oil hole machining requires a scribing process. Usually, the operator uses a scribing needle and square box to scribing the position of the oil hole on the arc surface, and then uses a center punch to make a center punch hole at the center of the oil hole for drill bit alignment. This method of scribing is inefficient and prone to errors.

[0003] Meanwhile, all crankshaft oil holes are manufactured in milling and turning machining centers, which is costly and will become a bottleneck process, while gun drilling machines are idle. Gun drilling requires scribing and alignment, so special tools need to be designed for milling and turning scribing, and new efficient scribing methods need to be developed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling and a crankshaft scribing method based on the tool, which addresses the above-mentioned shortcomings. This solves the problem that in the prior art, the oil hole processing of marine crankshafts requires a scribing process, which usually involves operators using scribing needles and square boxes to scribing the oil hole positions on a circular arc surface, and then using a center punch to make a center punch hole at the center of the oil hole for drill bit alignment. This scribing process is inefficient and prone to errors.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following scheme:

[0006] A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling includes, but is not limited to, a tool body, a first scribing part, and a second scribing part; the first scribing part is disposed on the side wall of the tool body, the second scribing part is disposed at the bottom of the tool body, and a center drill is also disposed at the bottom of the tool body; both the first and second scribing parts are provided with retractable scribing needles, and a connecting part for cooperating with a power mechanism is disposed at the top of the tool body.

[0007] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, the center drill is located at the geometric center of the bottom surface of the tool body.

[0008] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, the first scribing part includes a first pressure plate, a second pressure plate, and a horizontal scribing needle; the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the tool body, and the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are provided with locking holes. The tool body is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity for accommodating the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate. The first cavity and the second cavity are provided with connecting holes adapted to the positions of the locking holes on the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate. The first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are respectively fixed in the first cavity and the second cavity by screws; the horizontal scribing needle is elastically disposed between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate; the first pressure plate and the horizontal scribing needle are in clearance fit.

[0009] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, a first spring cavity is provided in the tool body between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate; a first locking thrust ring and a first spring body are provided in the first spring cavity; the size of the first locking thrust ring is adapted to the first spring cavity, so that the first locking thrust ring can move along the length direction of the first spring cavity; the horizontal scribing needle is connected to the first locking thrust ring, and a first spring groove is provided on the end face of the first locking thrust ring away from the tip of the horizontal scribing needle; a second spring groove matching the first spring groove is provided on the end face of the second pressure plate near the first locking thrust ring; the two ends of the first spring body abut against the first spring groove and the second spring groove, respectively.

[0010] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, the first locking thrust ring is provided with at least two locking holes in its circumferential direction; and the locking holes are arranged side by side along the length direction of the first locking thrust ring or arranged in a ring in the circumferential direction of the first locking thrust ring. A locking bolt is provided in the locking hole, and the horizontal scribing needle is locked in the first locking thrust ring by the locking bolt. The first locking thrust ring is provided with a first central through groove for the horizontal scribing needle to pass through; the locking hole is connected to the first central through groove.

[0011] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, the second scribing part includes a third pressure plate and a vertical scribing needle; the tool body is provided with a third cavity for accommodating the third pressure plate; the third pressure plate is provided with a locking hole, and the third cavity is provided with a connecting hole adapted to the position of the locking hole on the third pressure plate; the third pressure plate is fixed in the third cavity by screws; the vertical scribing needle is elastically disposed in the third pressure plate and the tool body; the third pressure plate and the vertical scribing needle are in clearance fit.

[0012] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning, a second spring cavity is provided in the vertical direction of the tool body; a second locking thrust ring and a second spring body are provided in the second spring cavity; the size of the second locking thrust ring is adapted to the second spring cavity, so that the second locking thrust ring can move along the length direction of the second spring cavity; the vertical scribing needle is connected to the second locking thrust ring, and a third spring groove is provided on the end face of the second locking thrust ring away from the tip of the vertical scribing needle; the two ends of the second spring body abut against the inner sidewalls of the third spring groove and the second spring cavity, respectively.

[0013] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, the second locking thrust ring is provided with at least two locking holes in its circumferential direction; the locking holes are arranged side by side along the length direction of the second locking thrust ring or arranged in a ring in its circumferential direction; a locking bolt is provided in the locking hole, and the vertical scribing needle is locked in the second locking thrust ring by the locking bolt; the second locking thrust ring is provided with a second central through groove for the vertical scribing needle to pass through; the locking hole is connected to the second central through groove.

[0014] Based on the structure of the above-mentioned multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling, a central locking through hole is provided on the side wall of the tool body, and a receiving groove extending into the tool body for accommodating a center drill is provided on the bottom surface of the tool body; the central locking through hole is provided through the receiving groove; the center drill is disposed in the receiving groove and is fixed by bolts passing through the central locking through hole; the first pressure plate, the second pressure plate, the third pressure plate and the center drill are all fixedly connected by hexagon socket head cap screws and spring washers, and the locking holes in the first locking thrust ring and the second locking thrust ring are fixed by headless hexagon socket head cap screws.

[0015] This solution also provides a crankshaft scribing method based on a flexible scribing tool, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Align the horizontal line of the oil hole. Connect the connecting part of the cutter body to the power mechanism. Through the power mechanism, move the horizontal scriber on the cutter body to the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe. Continue to move the cutter body to compress the first spring body. The first spring body applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Driven by the power mechanism, the horizontal scriber moves in a straight line and leaves a scribe mark of a predetermined depth on the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe.

[0017] Step 2: Draw a horizontal alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body to the surface of the crankshaft so that the horizontal scriber contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body so that the first spring applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Driven by the power mechanism, the horizontal scriber moves in a straight line and leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft.

[0018] Step 3: Draw a vertical alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body to the surface of the crankshaft so that the vertical scriber contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body so that the second spring applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber. At this time, the vertical scriber does not move, the crankshaft rotates, and the vertical scriber leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft.

[0019] Step 4: Draw the oil hole detection line. Align the center drill with the intersection of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines, position the drill body, and then the power mechanism drives the vertical scriber to make a circular motion around the intersection at a predetermined distance to draw the oil hole detection line.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. When using this solution, it is connected to the power mechanism through the connecting part. Driven by the power mechanism, the first scribing part or the second scribing part is brought into contact with the surface of the crankshaft to be scribed, and precise scribing and marking are performed on it. Since the scribing cutter head is a telescopic structure, damage to the crankshaft is avoided. Only the predetermined marks are engraved on its surface to prepare for subsequent drilling.

[0022] 2. This solution addresses the problems of low efficiency and error-prone scribing. The invention is a multi-functional flexible scribing tool that can be used on milling and turning machining centers. It consists of a horizontal scribing needle, a vertical scribing needle, and a center drill, which solves the problems of scribing circles, scribing cross lines for oil holes, and aligning position lines. Crankshaft oil holes are generally drilled on the surface of cylindrical shafts. To solve the scribing problem on arc surfaces, a flexible telescopic device for the scribing needle is designed. The flexible telescopic device ensures that the scribing needle retracts when it is at the high point of the arc surface, preventing the scribing needle from breaking during scribing. When the scribing needle passes through the low point of the arc surface, the spring presses the scribing needle out, ensuring that the aligning line can be drawn even at the low point. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flexible scribing tool of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged structural diagram of the flexible scribing tool of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a left view of the flexible scribing tool of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a right view of the flexible scribing tool of the present invention;

[0027] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 1. Tool body; 2. First scribing section; 3. Second scribing section; 4. Center drill; 5. Power mechanism; 11. Center locking through hole; 12. Receiving groove; 21. First pressure plate; 22. Second pressure plate; 23. Horizontal scribing needle; 24. Locking hole; 25. First cavity; 26. Second cavity; 27. Connecting hole; 28. First spring cavity; 29. ​​First locking thrust ring; 210. First spring body; 211. First spring groove; 212. Second spring groove; 213. Locking hole; 214. First center through groove; 31. Third pressure plate; 32. Vertical scribing needle; 33. Third cavity; 34. Second spring cavity; 35. Second locking thrust ring; 36. Second spring body; 37. Third spring groove; 38. Second center through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0028] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.

[0029] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims and abstract) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a predetermined orientation, or be constructed and operated in a predetermined orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for turning and milling includes, but is not limited to, a tool body 1, a first scribing part 2, and a second scribing part 3; the first scribing part 2 is disposed on the side wall of the tool body 1, the second scribing part 3 is disposed at the bottom of the tool body 1, and a center drill 4 is also disposed at the bottom of the tool body 1; both the first scribing part 2 and the second scribing part 3 are provided with retractable scribing needles, and a connecting part that cooperates with a power mechanism 5 is disposed at the top of the tool body 1.

[0035] Based on the above structure, during use, it is connected to the power mechanism 5 through the connecting part. Driven by the power mechanism 5, the first scribing part 2 or the second scribing part 3 is brought into contact with the surface of the crankshaft to be scribed, and precise scribing and marking are performed on it. Since the scribing cutter head is a telescopic structure, damage to the crankshaft is avoided. Only the predetermined marks are engraved on its surface to prepare for subsequent drilling.

[0036] As an example, the center drill 4 can be set at the geometric center of the bottom surface of the cutter body 1. The center drill 4 can be used to position the predetermined position, which is convenient for drawing circles in the scribing operation.

[0037] As an example, the first scribing part 2 may include a first pressure plate 21, a second pressure plate 22, and a horizontal scribing needle 23; the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the blade body part 1, and the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 are provided with locking holes 24. The blade body part 1 is provided with a first cavity 25 and a second cavity 26 for accommodating the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22. The first cavity 25 and the second cavity 26 are provided with connecting holes 27 that are adapted to the positions of the locking holes 24 on the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22. The first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 are respectively fixed in the first cavity 25 and the second cavity 26 by screws; the horizontal scribing needle 23 is elastically disposed between the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22; the first pressure plate 21 and the horizontal scribing needle 23 are in clearance fit.

[0038] A first spring cavity 28 may be provided in the blade body portion 1 between the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22; a first locking thrust ring 29 and a first spring body 210 are provided in the first spring cavity 28; the size of the first locking thrust ring 29 is adapted to the first spring cavity 28, so that the first locking thrust ring 29 can move along the length direction of the first spring cavity 28; the horizontal scribe 23 is connected to the first locking thrust ring 29, and a first spring groove 211 may be provided on the end face of the first locking thrust ring 29 away from the tip of the horizontal scribe 23; a second spring groove 212 matching the first spring groove 211 is provided on the end face of the second pressure plate 22 near the first locking thrust ring 29; the two ends of the first spring body 210 abut against the first spring groove 211 and the second spring groove 212 respectively.

[0039] Based on the above structure, the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 can provide a limit for the first locking thrust ring 29 and the first spring body 210 therein, so that the first locking thrust ring 29 can only move within a predetermined area. At the same time, the horizontal scribing needle 23 is connected to the first locking thrust ring 29 and the first spring body 210 to achieve an elastic connection, so that the horizontal scribing needle 23 can automatically adapt when encountering irregular surfaces and avoid damage to its contact surface. When scribing the crankshaft, horizontal scribing is usually performed on the curved surface of the crankshaft. For vertical and horizontal scribing, the scriber is pressed against the crankshaft surface. The power mechanism 5 moves the scriber horizontally, leaving a scribing line on the crankshaft surface. For vertical scribing, the scriber is pressed against the crankshaft surface and held stationary. Rotating the crankshaft leaves a vertical scribing line. Since crankshaft manufacturing processes may introduce errors, the scriber, connected to the crankshaft surface by a spring, can accommodate these errors within a certain range, achieving precise, efficient, and safe scribing. This design avoids rigid contact between the scriber and the crankshaft surface using a spring, effectively protecting the scriber and preventing excessively deep scratches on the crankshaft surface.

[0040] As an example, the first locking thrust ring 29 is provided with at least two locking holes 213 in the circumferential direction; and the locking holes 213 can be arranged side by side along the length direction of the first locking thrust ring 29, or they can be arranged in a ring in the circumferential direction of the first locking thrust ring 29. A locking bolt is provided in the locking hole 213, and the horizontal scribe 23 is locked in the first locking thrust ring 29 by the locking bolt. A first central through groove 214 is provided in the first locking thrust ring 29 for the horizontal scribe 23 to pass through; the locking hole 213 is connected to the first central through groove 214.

[0041] Based on the above structure, by setting a through central groove, the distance of the horizontal scribe 23 protruding from the first pressure plate 21 can be adjusted, thereby achieving adjustment of the horizontal scribe 23. When adjusted to the predetermined position, the horizontal scribe 23 is locked by multiple bolts.

[0042] As an example, the second scribing part 3 may include a third pressure plate 31 and a vertical scribing needle 32; the blade body part 1 is provided with a third cavity 33 for accommodating the third pressure plate 31; the third pressure plate 31 may be provided with a locking hole 24, and the third cavity 33 is provided with a connecting hole 27 that matches the position of the locking hole 24 on the third pressure plate 31; the third pressure plate 31 is fixed in the third cavity 33 by screws; the vertical scribing needle 32 is elastically disposed in the third pressure plate 31 and the blade body part 1; the third pressure plate 31 and the vertical scribing needle 32 are in clearance fit.

[0043] A second spring cavity 34 may be provided in the vertical direction of the blade body 1; a second locking thrust ring 35 and a second spring body 36 are provided in the second spring cavity 34; the size of the second locking thrust ring 35 is adapted to the second spring cavity 34, so that the second locking thrust ring 35 can move along the length direction of the second spring cavity 34; the vertical scribe 32 is connected to the second locking thrust ring 35, and a third spring groove 37 may be provided on the end face of the second locking thrust ring 35 away from the tip of the vertical scribe 32; the two ends of the second spring body 36 respectively abut against the third spring groove 37 and the inner sidewall of the second spring cavity 34.

[0044] Based on the above structure, the third pressure plate 31 and the second spring cavity 34 can provide a limit for the second locking thrust ring 35 and the second spring body 36 therein, so that the second locking thrust ring 35 can only move within a predetermined area. At the same time, the vertical scribing needle 32 is connected through the second locking thrust ring 35 and the second spring body 36 to achieve an elastic connection, so that the vertical scribing needle 32 can automatically adapt when encountering irregular surfaces, avoiding damage to its contact surface. When scribing the crankshaft, horizontal scribing or... For vertical and horizontal scribing, the scriber is pressed against the crankshaft surface. The power mechanism 5 moves the scriber horizontally, leaving a scribing line on the crankshaft surface. For vertical scribing, the scriber is pressed against the crankshaft surface and held stationary. Rotating the crankshaft leaves a vertical scribing line. Since crankshaft manufacturing processes may introduce errors, the scriber, connected to the crankshaft surface by a spring, can accommodate these errors within a certain range, achieving precise, efficient, and safe scribing. This design avoids rigid contact between the scriber and the crankshaft surface using a spring, effectively protecting the scriber and preventing excessively deep scratches on the crankshaft surface.

[0045] As an example, the second locking thrust ring 35 is provided with at least two locking holes 213 in the circumferential direction; and the locking holes 213 can be arranged side by side along the length direction of the second locking thrust ring 35, or they can be arranged in a ring in the circumferential direction of the second locking thrust ring 35. A locking bolt is provided in the locking hole 213, and the vertical scribe 32 is locked in the second locking thrust ring 35 by the locking bolt. A second central through groove 38 is provided in the second locking thrust ring 35 for the vertical scribe 32 to pass through; the locking hole 213 is connected to the second central through groove 38.

[0046] Based on the above structure, by setting a through central groove, the distance of the vertical scribe 32 protruding from the third pressure plate 31 can be adjusted, thereby realizing the adjustment of the vertical scribe 32. When adjusted to the predetermined position, the vertical scribe 32 is locked by multiple bolts.

[0047] As an example, a central locking through hole 11 may be provided on the side wall of the cutter body 1, and a receiving groove 12 extending into the cutter body 1 for accommodating the central drill 4 may be provided on the bottom surface of the cutter body 1; the central locking through hole 11 is provided through the receiving groove 12; the central drill 4 is placed in the receiving groove 12, and the central drill 4 is fixed by bolts passing through the central locking through hole 11.

[0048] Based on the above structure, by setting a detachable center drill 4, it can be quickly replaced, avoiding the need to replace the entire cutter body 1, reducing replacement costs and improving overall scribing efficiency.

[0049] As an example, the first pressure plate 21, the second pressure plate 22, the third pressure plate 31 and the center drill 4 are all fixedly connected by hexagon socket head cap screws and spring washers, and the locking holes 213 in the first locking thrust ring 29 and the second locking thrust ring 35 are fixed by headless hexagon socket screws.

[0050] When it is necessary to mark the horizontal alignment line of the oil hole, the horizontal scriber 23 is compensated using the CNC machine tool and then moved to the horizontal alignment line position, so that the horizontal scriber 23 contacts the scribe end face. The scriber is then moved 2mm to the left, and the horizontal scriber 23 is mounted on the locking thrust ring. The locking thrust ring is tightened with a headless hex socket screw, and the locking thrust ring contacts the spring, which compresses the spring by 2mm. The scriber is tightly pressed against the end face, and under the action of the machine tool's moving force, a horizontal alignment line of the oil hole is drawn on the end face. When it is necessary to mark the oil hole inspection line, the tool is rotated, and the vertical scriber 32 is used to mark the oil hole inspection line. When it is necessary to mark the oil hole drill tip alignment line, the vertical scriber 32 is used in conjunction with the tool center position compensation value to mark the oil hole drill tip alignment line. When it is necessary to drill the center position of the oil hole, a center drill 4 can be installed at the A4 center drill 4 position of the tool to meet the machining of the center punch.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This invention provides a technical solution:

[0053] A crankshaft scribing method, based on the flexible scribing tool described in Example 1, specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Align the oil hole horizontally. Connect the connecting part of the cutter body 1 to the power mechanism 5. Through the power mechanism 5, move the horizontal scriber 23 on the cutter body 1 to the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe. Continue to move the cutter body 1 to compress the first spring body 210. The first spring body 210 applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber 23. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Driven by the power mechanism 5, the horizontal scriber 23 moves in a straight line and leaves a scribe mark of a predetermined depth on the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe.

[0055] Step 2: Draw a horizontal alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body 1 to the surface of the crankshaft so that the horizontal scriber 23 contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body 1 so that the first spring body 210 applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber 23. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Under the drive of the power mechanism 5, the horizontal scriber 23 moves in a straight line and leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft.

[0056] Step 3: Draw a vertical alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body 1 to the surface of the crankshaft so that the vertical scriber 32 contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body 1 so that the second spring body 36 applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber 23. At this time, the vertical scriber 32 does not move, the crankshaft rotates, and the vertical scriber 32 leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft.

[0057] Step 4: Draw the oil hole detection line. Align the center drill 4 with the intersection of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines, position the cutter body 1, and then the power mechanism 5 drives the vertical scriber 32 to make a circular motion around the intersection at a predetermined distance to draw the oil hole detection line.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crankshaft scribing method, characterized in that: Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Align the horizontal line of the oil hole. Connect the connecting part of the cutter body to the power mechanism. Through the power mechanism, move the horizontal scriber on the cutter body to the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe. Continue to move the cutter body to compress the first spring body. The first spring body applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Driven by the power mechanism, the horizontal scriber moves in a straight line and leaves a scribe mark of a predetermined depth on the end face of the crankshaft to be scribe. Step 2: Draw a horizontal alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body to the surface of the crankshaft so that the horizontal scriber contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body so that the first spring applies a predetermined pressure to the horizontal scriber. At this time, keep the crankshaft stationary. Driven by the power mechanism, the horizontal scriber moves in a straight line and leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft. Step 3: Draw a vertical alignment line on the crankshaft surface. Move the cutter body to the surface of the crankshaft so that the vertical scriber contacts the surface of the crankshaft. Continue to move the cutter body so that the second spring applies a predetermined pressure to the vertical scriber. At this time, the vertical scriber does not move, the crankshaft rotates, and the vertical scriber leaves a scratch of a predetermined depth on the surface of the crankshaft. Step 4: Draw the oil hole detection line. Align the center drill with the intersection of the horizontal and vertical alignment lines, position the drill body, and then the power mechanism drives the vertical scriber to make a circular motion around the intersection at a predetermined distance to draw the oil hole detection line.

2. A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning, applied to the crankshaft scribing method described in claim 1; characterized in that: It includes at least a blade body, a first scribing part, and a second scribing part; the first scribing part is disposed on the side wall of the blade body, the second scribing part is disposed at the bottom of the blade body, and a center drill is also disposed at the bottom of the blade body; both the first scribing part and the second scribing part are provided with retractable scribing needles, and a connecting part that cooperates with a power mechanism is disposed at the top of the blade body.

3. The multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The center drill is located at the geometric center of the bottom surface of the cutter body.

4. The multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first scribing section includes a first pressure plate, a second pressure plate, and a horizontal scribing needle. The first and second pressure plates are disposed opposite each other on both sides of the blade body. The first and second pressure plates are provided with locking holes. The blade body is provided with a first cavity and a second cavity for accommodating the first and second pressure plates. The first and second cavities are provided with connecting holes that are adapted to the positions of the locking holes on the first and second pressure plates. The first and second pressure plates are respectively fixed in the first and second cavities by screws. The horizontal scribing needle is elastically disposed between the first and second pressure plates. The first pressure plate and the horizontal scribing needle are in clearance fit.

5. A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 4, characterized in that: A first spring cavity is provided in the blade body portion between the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate; a first locking thrust ring and a first spring body are provided in the first spring cavity; the size of the first locking thrust ring is adapted to the first spring cavity, so that the first locking thrust ring can move along the length direction of the first spring cavity; the horizontal scribe is connected to the first locking thrust ring, and a first spring groove is provided on the end face of the first locking thrust ring away from the tip of the horizontal scribe; a second spring groove matching the first spring groove is provided on the end face of the second pressure plate near the first locking thrust ring; the two ends of the first spring body abut against the first spring groove and the second spring groove, respectively.

6. The multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The first locking thrust ring has at least two locking holes circumferentially arranged; and the locking holes are arranged side by side along the length of the first locking thrust ring or arranged in a ring circumferentially. A locking bolt is provided in the locking hole, and the horizontal scriber is locked in the first locking thrust ring by the locking bolt. The first locking thrust ring is provided with a first central through groove through which the horizontal scriber passes; the locking hole is connected to the first central through groove.

7. A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The second scribing section includes a third pressure plate and a vertical scribing needle; the blade body is provided with a third cavity for accommodating the third pressure plate; the third pressure plate is provided with a locking hole, and the third cavity is provided with a connecting hole that matches the position of the locking hole on the third pressure plate; the third pressure plate is fixed in the third cavity by screws; the vertical scribing needle is elastically disposed in the third pressure plate and the blade body; the third pressure plate and the vertical scribing needle are in clearance fit.

8. The multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 7, characterized in that: A second spring cavity is provided in the vertical direction of the blade body; a second locking thrust ring and a second spring body are provided in the second spring cavity; the size of the second locking thrust ring is adapted to the second spring cavity, so that the second locking thrust ring can move along the length direction of the second spring cavity; the vertical scribe is connected to the second locking thrust ring, and a third spring groove is provided on the end face of the second locking thrust ring away from the tip of the vertical scribe; the two ends of the second spring body abut against the inner sidewalls of the third spring groove and the second spring cavity, respectively.

9. A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The second locking thrust ring has at least two locking holes circumferentially arranged; the locking holes are arranged side by side along the length of the second locking thrust ring or arranged in a ring circumferentially. A locking bolt is provided in the locking hole, and the vertical scriber is locked in the second locking thrust ring by the locking bolt. The second locking thrust ring is provided with a second central through groove for the vertical scriber to pass through; the locking hole is connected to the second central through groove.

10. A multi-functional flexible scribing tool for milling and turning as described in claim 9, characterized in that: A central locking through hole is provided on the side wall of the cutter body, and a receiving groove extending into the cutter body for accommodating a central drill is provided on the bottom surface of the cutter body; the central locking through hole is provided through the receiving groove; the central drill is disposed in the receiving groove and is fixed by bolts passing through the central locking through hole; the first pressure plate, the second pressure plate, the third pressure plate and the central drill are all fixedly connected by hexagon socket head cap screws and spring washers, and the locking holes in the first locking thrust ring and the second locking thrust ring are fixed by headless hexagon socket head cap screws.

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