A method and system for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface, which includes the steps of: obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength through a measurement system; presetting N first data points to be measured with abscissas subject to a uniform distribution, calculating the values of their abscissas and ordinates, then using a non-inflection point distribution model and a first inflection point distribution model for data fitting, and judging the type of the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice and the substrate material interface according to the two goodness-of-fit degrees. If there is an inflection point, calculate the abscissas and ordinates of the preset N second data points to be measured in combination with a specified second inflection point distribution model; then use the second inflection point distribution model to perform data fitting on all data points to obtain the adhesion strength envelope to be measured. The present invention also provides a measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice and the material interface.

Description

[0001] Priority Application

[0002] This application claims the priority of the Chinese invention patent application [Application No.: 2023111006000] "[A Method and System for Measuring the Adhesion Strength Envelope of Static Ice and Material Interfaces]" filed on August 29, 2023, and the entire text of the priority invention patent application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the measurement and characterization of the mechanical properties of ice layer interfaces, and specifically to a method and system for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interfaces under a shear-tensile coupling loading state, which is used to obtain the shear-tensile failure envelope of the adhesion strength between static ice and the substrate to be measured. Background Art

[0004] When an aircraft encounters icing during flight, it will pose a great hazard to flight. Research shows that the lower the adhesion force between the ice layer and the aircraft structure substrate material, the easier it is for the aircraft anti-icing technology to remove the ice layer on the aircraft skin surface. Therefore, accurately measuring and analyzing the adhesion performance of the interface between ice and aircraft structure substrate materials can provide reference and data support for the design of aircraft anti-icing technology.

[0005] The adhesion performance of the interface between ice and aircraft structure substrate materials includes the interfacial adhesion shear strength and the interfacial adhesion tensile strength. However, the current research on experimental testing methods for the adhesion performance of the interface between ice layer and substrate materials mainly focuses on the testing of interfacial uniaxial stress state shear adhesion strength or uniaxial stress state tensile adhesion strength.

[0006] For example, the Chinese patent with the patent publication number CN112014234B provides a measuring device that can be used for testing the interfacial uniaxial stress state shear adhesion strength or uniaxial stress state tensile adhesion strength. It discloses that when performing the normal ice adhesion force test, a connecting member 1 at the bottom of the cylindrical cup is connected with a nylon rope 1. After the connection is completed, a tensile test is quickly carried out using a normal test device. The normal force value required for the ice adhesion material to debond is obtained by subtracting the weight of the cup itself from the debonding tensile force value at the cup mouth; when performing the tangential ice adhesion force test, a connecting member 2 on the side of the cylindrical cup is connected with a nylon rope 2. After the connection is completed, a tangential tensile test is quickly carried out, and the tangential force value required for the ice adhesion material to debond is obtained by subtracting the weight of the cup itself from the debonding tensile force value at the cup mouth.

[0007] Another example is that the Chinese patent with the patent publication number CN102288542A provides a system and method for measuring the adhesion strength of ice covering on a material surface, which realizes the measurement of normal adhesion force by achieving linear tensile force growth by using different weight standard weights.

[0008] It can be seen from this that the current research on the experimental test methods for the interfacial adhesion performance between ice layers and substrate materials mainly focuses on the shear adhesion strength test under uniaxial stress state at the interface or the tensile adhesion strength test under uniaxial stress state. However, compared with the single interfacial strength, the tensile-shear combined stress state and its strength envelope under multiaxial stress state can more objectively and comprehensively reflect the interfacial adhesion performance. Therefore, at present, there is still a lack of a measurement system and corresponding measurement method for the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between ice layers and substrate materials under multiaxial stress state.

[0009] Generally, the distribution models followed by the interfacial adhesion strength envelopes of different materials are different. The known distribution models roughly include two categories. One is the curve distribution without inflection points, and the other is the broken line with inflection points, and the inflection points are located in different regions, such as (the inflection point appears in the middle region, or the middle-front region, or the middle-back region). However, the most commonly used method for measuring the envelope at present is the mean measurement experiment based on uniform distribution, which is the most commonly used method for obtaining the interfacial adhesion strength envelope of materials.

[0010] However, the interfacial properties between ice layers and materials are different. Ice layers are divided into static ice and dynamic ice. The formation conditions of different ice layers are different, their properties are different, and the ways of forming interfaces with materials are also different. All these may affect the shape of the interfacial adhesion strength envelope. If the uniform test values are directly applied to the measurement of the interfacial adhesion strength between ice layers and substrate material surfaces, it may weaken the characteristics of the envelope (for example, the inflection point characteristics and the region where the inflection point is located), thereby reducing the measurement accuracy; if multiple distribution models (or distribution functions) are used to conduct experiments separately and screened according to the experimental results, the entire experimental period will be lengthened. In addition, whether to use one model or multiple models will also affect the planning of the entire experimental scheme for measuring the entire envelope.

[0011] In view of this, on the premise that there is no in-depth exploration of the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between ice layers and materials in the existing technology, how to plan the experimental scheme to find a method suitable for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and substrate materials is an urgent problem to be solved currently. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and materials, partially solve or alleviate the above deficiencies in the existing technology, and provide an experimental design scheme suitable for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and substrate materials, thereby providing a new exploration direction for obtaining the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and substrate materials.

[0013] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0014] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface, which is based on a measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface. The measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface includes: a refrigeration platform, an ice-making mold with an open bottom, a fixing mechanism for fixing a substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential and normal tensile forces to the static ice formed on the substrate to be measured respectively, force sensors respectively provided on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensors; correspondingly, the method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface specifically includes the steps:

[0015] Fix the substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform through the fixing mechanism, place the ice-making mold on the substrate to be measured, and then add ice-making liquid through the top opening of the ice-making mold.

[0016] Seal the top opening of the ice-making mold with a cup cover detachably installed on the top of the ice-making mold, so that under the action of the refrigeration platform, the ice-making liquid in the ice-making mold freezes to form a static ice and material interface.

[0017] Obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the static ice and the substrate to be measured interface respectively through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator.

[0018] Preset N first data points to be measured with abscissas subject to a uniform distribution, and determine the abscissa values of each first data point to be measured in the τ-σ coordinate system in combination with the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength.

[0019] For each of the first data points to be measured, obtain the mean value of the peak tangential force under the coupled tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator, and calculate the shear adhesion strength value of the first data point to be measured based on the mean value of the peak tangential force, so as to obtain the ordinate value of each first data point to be measured.

[0020] Based on a preset non-inflection point distribution model and a preset first inflection point distribution model, perform data fitting on the N first data points to be measured, obtain their respective goodness-of-fit, and compare the two goodness-of-fit.

[0021] If the goodness-of-fit parameter corresponding to the non-inflection point distribution model is greater than the goodness-of-fit parameter corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model, determine that the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured is a non-inflection point, and use the curve fitted by the non-inflection point distribution model as the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0022] If the goodness-of-fit parameter corresponding to the non-inflection-point distribution model is less than the goodness-of-fit parameter corresponding to the first inflection-point distribution model, it is determined that the envelope feature type of the to-be-detected adhesion strength envelope is with an inflection point. N second to-be-detected data points are preset again, and according to the envelope feature type, a corresponding second inflection-point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissa are matched for the N second to-be-detected data points, and the abscissa values and ordinate values of the N second to-be-detected data points are obtained through experiments in the shear-tensile coupling state; the second inflection-point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection-point distribution models according to the envelope feature type; the envelope feature type includes: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front part of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle rear part of the envelope.

[0023] Use the second inflection-point distribution model to perform data fitting on the obtained 2N data points, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain the adhesion strength envelope of the to-be-detected target ice layer and the to-be-detected substrate.

[0024] In some embodiments, the step of presetting N first to-be-detected data points with the abscissa following a uniform distribution and determining the abscissa value of each first to-be-detected data point in the τ-σ coordinate system in combination with the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength specifically includes:

[0025] The uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is evenly divided into N levels to obtain the abscissa values of the N first to-be-detected data points.

[0026] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the abscissa values of N second to-be-detected data points through experiments specifically includes:

[0027] If the envelope feature type is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the distribution density function of the abscissa of the N second to-be-detected data points is a normal distribution function. Based on the normal distribution function, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values of the N second to-be-detected data points;

[0028] If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point appears in the middle front part of the envelope, the distribution density function of the abscissa of the N second to-be-detected data points is a Gamma distribution. Based on the Gamma distribution function, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values of the N second to-be-detected data points;

[0029] If the wire-wrapping feature is the existence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle and rear part of the wire-wrapping, the distribution density function of the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured is a Gamma mirror distribution. Based on the Gamma distribution function, the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength is divided into N levels to obtain the mirror values of the tensile adhesion strengths of the N second data points to be measured. Then, the mirror values of the tensile adhesion strengths of the N second data points to be measured are mirrored with a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the values of the tensile adhesion strengths of the N second data points to be measured.

[0030] In some embodiments, the axis of symmetry is located at the midpoint of the abscissa of the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength in the τ-σ coordinate system and is perpendicular to the horizontal axis in the τ-σ coordinate system.

[0031] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the ordinate values of the N second data points to be measured through experiments specifically includes:

[0032] For the first second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value, the normal tensile force is loaded to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the first-level tensile adhesion strength through the normal actuator, and then the tangential load is loaded until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated; and the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the corresponding stress sensor is obtained; this is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak values of the tangential tensile force is calculated, and the shear adhesion strength value of the first second data point to be measured in the coupled state is calculated according to the average value of the peak values of the tangential tensile force;

[0033] For the second second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value, the normal tensile force is loaded to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the second-level tensile adhesion strength through the normal actuator, and then the tangential load is loaded until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the corresponding stress sensor is obtained; this is repeated multiple times, and the average value of the peak values of the tangential tensile force is calculated, and the shear adhesion strength value of the second second data point to be measured in the coupled state is calculated according to the average value of the peak values of the tangential tensile force;

[0034] Repeat this N times until the shear adhesion strength values of the Nth second data point to be measured are obtained.

[0035] In some embodiments, the step of obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured through the measurement system specifically includes:

[0036] Apply a normal tensile force and a tangential tensile force to the static ice prepared on the substrate to be measured through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator respectively until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and respectively obtain the peak value of the normal tensile force and the peak value of the tangential tensile force collected by the corresponding stress sensor;

[0037] Repeat a certain number of times respectively to obtain a number of peak values of the normal tensile force and a number of peak values of the tangential tensile force, and calculate the average value of the peak value of the normal tensile force and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force respectively, so as to obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0038] In some embodiments, the non-inflection point distribution model is where τ max is the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, σ max is the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, τ is the interfacial shear stress, σ is the interfacial tensile stress, and the parameters a0 and b0 are parameters to be determined by fitting.

[0039] 8. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between static ice and a material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the fitting formula corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model is:

[0040]

[0041] If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is:

[0042]

[0043] Or, if the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point appears in the middle front part of the envelope, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is:

[0044] Or, if the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point appears in the middle rear part of the envelope, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is:

[0045] where τ is the interfacial shear stress, σ is the interfacial tensile stress, and a1, a2, a3, a4, b1, b2, b3, b4, c1, c2, c3, c4, d1, d2, d3, d4, t1, t2,

[0046] t3, t4 are fitting parameters to be solved.

[0047] The second aspect of the present invention lies in providing a measurement system for the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and materials, which includes: a refrigeration platform, an ice-making mold, a fixing mechanism for fixing the substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential tensile force and normal tensile force to the substrate to be measured respectively, force sensors respectively arranged on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensors. Among them,

[0048] the ice-making mold includes a hollow cavity with an opening at the top and an opening at the bottom, and a sealing cover detachably installed at the top opening of the hollow cavity to seal the top opening; and

[0049] an arc-shaped handle for sleeving the towing rope in the normal actuator is arranged on the sealing cover; a card slot for placing the towing rope in the tangential actuator is arranged on the side wall of the hollow cavity in a circle.

[0050] In some embodiments, the hollow cavity is a hollow cylinder, and its diameter gradually decreases near the bottom opening.

[0051] In some embodiments, the sealing cover is threadedly connected to the hollow cavity.

[0052] In some embodiments, the normal actuator includes: a towing rope, a fixed pulley located directly above the ice-making mold, a support frame for installing the fixed pulley, and a power source for applying a normal tensile force to the ice-making mold through the towing rope; one end of the towing rope is connected to the arc-shaped handle, and the other end bypasses and is connected to the power source.

[0053] In some embodiments, the tangential actuator includes: a towing rope, and a power source for applying a tangential tensile force to the ice-making mold through the towing rope; one end of the towing rope is sleeved on the card slot, and the other end bypasses and is connected to the power source.

[0054] Beneficial effects: In the present invention, a set of data points with abscissas subject to a uniform distribution is set, and then the non-inflection-point distribution model and a preset first inflection-point distribution model are respectively used for data fitting to preliminarily determine whether there is an inflection point in the adhesion strength envelope line of the ice layer and the base material interface according to the fitting results. If there is an inflection point, then a set of data points with abscissas subject to a specific classification is set according to the approximate area where the inflection point is located (the user can predict the corresponding envelope line feature type according to the fitting results, and then specify or the system automatically matches a specific second inflection-point distribution model) and superimposed on the previous set of data points, so as to magnify the inflection point feature and more accurately determine the area where the inflection point is located; if there is no inflection point, the above non-inflection-point distribution model can be directly used for fitting. Among them, for the measured envelope line predicted to have an inflection point feature, by planning the distribution density of multiple second measured data points (for example, the abscissas are subject to a specific distribution), and then summarizing all the measured data, the inflection point feature is magnified (for example, by increasing the density of the measured data points around the inflection point, so that when all the data points are superimposed together, the inflection point feature will surely be magnified), so as to more accurately determine the specific position of the inflection point.

[0055] Compared with the problem that the single mean measurement method weakens the envelope line feature, the method of the present invention can, on the basis of obtaining the same number of measured data points, adjust the number (or density) of the measured data points around the assumed inflection point, so that not only can the inflection point feature be magnified, but also the specific position of the inflection point can be more accurately located, making the fitting function obtained more accurate when performing envelope line fitting subsequently. Brief description of the drawings

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts do not necessarily draw according to the actual ratio. Obviously, the following-described drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope line of the static ice and material interface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of placing an ice-making mold on an ice-making platform in a measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope line of the static ice and material interface according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3Schematic diagram of static ice prepared by an ice-making platform in a measurement system for the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and a material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 4A Flowchart of a method for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and a material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4B Flowchart of a method for measuring the interfacial adhesion strength envelope between static ice and a material according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 5 To reflect the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ max Corresponding data points, and the schematic diagram of the positions of the corresponding data points of the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ max In the τ-σ coordinate system;

[0063] Figure 6a Schematic diagram of the strength envelope corresponding to Hypothesis 1;

[0064] Figure 6b Schematic diagram of the strength envelope corresponding to Hypothesis 2;

[0065] Figure 6c Schematic diagram of the strength envelope corresponding to Hypothesis 3;

[0066] Figure 6d Schematic diagram of the strength envelope corresponding to Hypothesis 4;

[0067] Figure 7 Abscissa distribution diagram of 10 first data points to be measured predicted according to the experimental design scheme;

[0068] Figure 8 Abscissa distribution diagram of each data point among the 10 first data points to be measured predicted according to the experimental design scheme;

[0069] Figure 9 Abscissa distribution diagram of each data point among the 10 first data points to be measured predicted according to the experimental design scheme;

[0070] Figure 10 Abscissa distribution diagram of each data point among the 10 first data points to be measured predicted according to the experimental design scheme;

[0071] Figure 11A Shear adhesion strength distribution diagram of 8 predicted data points evenly distributed under the tensile-shear coupling loading condition;

[0072] Figure 11B Based on the uniform distribution model for Figure 11A The schematic diagram of the fitting curve obtained by fitting the 8 predicted data points in;

[0073] Figure 11C It is a schematic diagram of a fitting curve obtained by fitting data for 8 predicted data points based on the first broken line. Figure 11A

[0074] Summary of reference numeral identification: Refrigeration platform 1, fixture 10; Ice-making mold 2, hollow cavity 21, sealing cover 22, card slot 23, arc handle 24; Substrate to be measured 3; Static ice 4a, ice and substrate to be measured interface 43; Force sensor 5; Towing rope 71, hand-operated pulley 72, fixed pulley 73; 8 support frames. Specific implementation manners

[0075] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0076] In this document, suffixes such as "module", "component", or "unit" used to represent elements are only for facilitating the description of the present invention and have no specific meaning in themselves. Therefore, "module", "component", or "unit" can be used interchangeably. In this document, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for facilitating the description of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In this document, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. In this document, "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed related items. In this document, "a plurality" means two or more, that is, it includes two, three, four, five, etc. In this specification, some embodiments may be disclosed in a format within a certain range. It should be understood that this kind of description "within a certain range" is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the disclosed range. Therefore, the description of the range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and the individual numerical values within this range.

[0077] Current research on the experimental test methods for the interfacial adhesion performance between ice layers and substrate materials mainly focuses on the shear adhesion strength test under uniaxial stress state at the interface or the tensile adhesion strength test under uniaxial stress state. There is still a lack of research on the measurement system and method for the adhesion strength envelope at the interface between ice layers and substrate materials. Although there are already various distribution models for envelope measurement, it is still undetermined which distribution the interface between ice layers and substrate materials actually conforms to or is closer to. Generally, the method for obtaining the adhesion strength envelope of the material interface is to conduct an envelope experiment with uniform test values. However, simply using the method of uniform test values may actually weaken the envelope characteristics of the envelope, thereby reducing the measurement accuracy. If the known distribution models are directly used for separate experiments and data fitting respectively, the experimental period is long and the cost is also high. Therefore, how to reasonably plan the adhesion strength envelope measurement experiment for the interface between ice layers and materials is an urgent problem to be solved currently.

[0078] In view of this, the present invention first sets a group of data points with abscissas following a uniform distribution based on the types of envelope characteristics corresponding to various distribution models (for example, whether there are inflection points), and fits them with distribution models with and without inflection points respectively to preliminarily predict the types of their envelope characteristics. If there are inflection points, then according to the type of this envelope characteristic, the specific inflection point distribution model is matched, as well as the distribution density function followed by the abscissas of the second group of data points to be measured designed for amplifying the inflection point characteristics, and all the measured data are summarized, so that the corresponding characteristics are amplified (for example, if there are inflection points, by increasing the density of the data points to be measured around the inflection points, so that when all the data points are superimposed together, the inflection point characteristics will surely be amplified); it provides a more reliable research direction for exploring and obtaining the envelope of the adhesion strength between static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0079] Embodiment 1: Refer to Figure 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement system for the envelope of the adhesion strength between static ice and a material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Refer to Figure 1 , the measurement system for the envelope of the adhesion strength between static ice and a material includes: a refrigeration platform 1, an ice-making mold 2, a fixing mechanism (preferably, a clamp) for fixing the substrate to be measured 3 on the refrigeration platform 1, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential and normal forces to the static ice 4 formed on the substrate to be measured 3 respectively, force sensors 5 respectively arranged on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensors.

[0081] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 1 , the ice-making mold 2 includes a hollow cavity 21 with openings at the top and bottom, and a sealing cover 22 detachably installed on the top of the hollow cavity 21.

[0082] In some embodiments, the hollow cavity 21 is cylindrical, and a groove 23 for sleeving the traction rope in the above-mentioned tangential actuator is arranged circumferentially in the middle thereof; an arc-shaped handle 24 for connecting the traction rope in the above-mentioned normal actuator is arranged on the top of the sealing cover 22. Preferably, the sealing cover 22 and the hollow cavity 21 are connected by threads.

[0083] In some embodiments, the tangential actuator includes: a traction rope 71 cooperating with the groove 23, and a power source for applying a tangential force (or shear load) to the ice-making mold through the traction rope. Preferably, the power source uses a motor or a hand-operated pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is sleeved in the groove 23, and the other end is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor or the rotating shaft of the hand-operated pulley; and a force sensor 5 is arranged on the traction rope 71.

[0084] By circumferentially arranging a circle of clamping grooves in the middle of the hollow cavity, the traction rope is wound around the hollow cavity for one week, avoiding the slippage between the traction rope and its outer wall surface when applying tangential tensile force.

[0085] In some embodiments, a fixed fixture is used to fix the substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform to limit the relative slippage between the substrate to be measured and the refrigeration platform caused by the normal tensile force / tangential tensile force during the measurement process.

[0086] In some embodiments, the normal actuator includes: a traction rope 71 cooperating with the arc handle 24, a fixed pulley 73 located directly above the ice-making mold (specifically, the fixed pulley 73 is fixed directly above the ice-making mold through a support frame 8), and a power source for applying a normal tensile force (or normal load) to the ice-making mold through the traction rope. Preferably, the power source uses a motor or a hand-operated pulley 72. One end of the traction rope is fixed on the arc handle 24, and the other end is connected to the rotating shaft of the motor or the rotating shaft of the hand-operated pulley; and a force sensor 5 is provided on the traction rope 71.

[0087] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned hollow cavity, sealing cover, and substrate to be measured are replaceable and designed in a standardized manner. For example, different substrates to be measured are prepared using different substrate materials, and the opening diameter at the bottom of the hollow cavity is designed to measure the ice interface adhesion performance under different contact areas between the ice layer and the substrate to be measured and different substrate materials.

[0088] In some embodiments, place the ice-making mold on the substrate to be measured, open the sealing cover, add an appropriate amount of water into the hollow cavity, then tighten the sealing cover, and cool the water to freeze it through the refrigeration platform to form an interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0089] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial normal tensile adhesion strength based on the above system: After generating the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured, tighten the normal traction rope, do not set or loosen the tangential traction rope, and gradually increase the normal tensile force until the interface between the ice-making mold and the substrate to be measured is separated, thereby realizing the measurement of the tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0090] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial tangential tensile adhesion strength based on the above system: When the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is generated, tighten the tangential traction rope, do not set or loosen the normal traction rope, and gradually increase the tangential tensile force until the interface between the ice-making mold and the substrate to be measured is separated, thereby realizing the measurement of the shear adhesion strength of the ice layer interface.

[0091] In some embodiments, the principle of measuring the interfacial adhesion strength under the shear-tensile coupling loading state based on the above system:

[0092] After generating the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured, tighten the normal traction rope to apply a certain amount of normal tensile force to the interface, that is, the normal tensile load. Then, on this basis, gradually increase the tangential tensile force (i.e., the tangential load) until the ice-making mold and the substrate to be measured are separated at the interface, so as to obtain an interface stress test value in the tensile-shear coupling state;

[0093] According to the preset experimental design plan, gradually increase the magnitude of the given normal tensile force (i.e., the normal tensile load), repeat the above steps, obtain multiple interface stress test values in the tensile-shear coupling state, complete the measurement of the interface adhesion strength envelope of the static ice and the substrate to be measured, and finally fit all the data points into the interface adhesion strength envelope.

[0094] Embodiment 2: Based on the above-mentioned measurement system for the interface adhesion strength envelope between static ice and materials, the present invention also provides a method for measuring the interface adhesion strength envelope between static ice and materials.

[0095] See Figure 4A , the method for measuring the interface adhesion strength envelope between static ice and materials in this embodiment specifically includes the steps:

[0096] S1, prepare the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0097] In some embodiments, this step S1 specifically includes: selecting the substrate material to be measured and manufacturing the corresponding substrate to be measured (or the substrate to be measured plate) according to the corresponding dimensions; then fixing the substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform through a fixing fixture so that the substrate to be measured and the refrigeration platform are connected as a whole; placing an ice-making mold on the surface of the substrate to be measured, adding an appropriate amount of water into the ice-making mold, tightening the sealing cover, sleeving a tangential traction rope on the card slot, and sleeving a normal traction rope on the vertex of the arc handle; cooling the water through the refrigeration platform to freeze it, forming an adhesion interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0098] S2, respectively obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0099] In some embodiments, S2 specifically includes: using a motor or a hand-cranked pulley to drive the tangential traction rope to shear the interface off, record the peak value of the tangential load (i.e., the peak value of the tangential tensile force) corresponding to the stress sensor, repeat the above steps 3-5 times, and calculate the average value of the peak values of the tangential loads measured 3-5 times; then, calculate the uniaxial shear adhesion strength according to the following formula

[0100] Use a motor or a hand-cranked pulley to drive the normal traction rope to stretch the interface off, record the peak value of the normal load (i.e., the peak value of the normal tensile force) corresponding to the stress sensor, repeat the above steps 3-5 times, and calculate the average value of the peak values of the normal loads measured 3-5 times; then, calculate the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ according to the following formulamax :

[0101] Among them, F s is the average value of the peak tangential tensile force, F n is the average value of the peak normal tensile force, and S is the interface area between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0102] Subsequently, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ max and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength σ max of the corresponding data points are plotted in the τ-σ coordinate system, as Figure 5 shown.

[0103] S3. According to multiple groups of data points to be measured that follow different distribution models, an adhesion strength envelope experiment of the interface between static ice and the substrate to be measured is carried out.

[0104] Data fitting is usually carried out based on the following formula:

[0105] where τ max is the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, σ max is the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, τ is the interface shear stress, σ is the interface tensile stress, and the parameters a0 and b0 are parameters to be determined by fitting. However, the above method actually defaults that the adhesion strength envelope of the interface between static ice and the substrate to be measured follows a distribution without inflection points. However, at present, there is no clear envelope shape or function form for the ice layer interface adhesion strength envelope, and there is no corresponding report either. Therefore, simply using the above single assumption for data fitting may actually not obtain the true adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate to be measured, or the accuracy of the obtained strength envelope is relatively low.

[0106] Based on this, in this embodiment, considering the strength envelopes with different envelope characteristics, a corresponding shear-tensile load loading experimental design scheme is designed.

[0107] In some embodiments, according to four preset strength envelopes, the data points to be measured are grouped, that is, the predetermined data points to be measured are divided into four groups, and the following four arrangement schemes of the tensile load loading values (that is, the horizontal axis values, or abscissas, of each data point to be measured) are respectively set:

[0108] Hypothesis 1: Refer to Figure 6a , assume that the strength envelope of the interface between static ice and the substrate material is a curve without inflection points, and its envelope characteristics are: no inflection points, roughly or almost evenly distributed, and the corresponding fitting formula is the above formula (3) (that is, the distribution model without inflection points);

[0109] Hypothesis 2: Refer to Figure 6b, assume that the interface adhesion strength envelope of static ice and the substrate material is the first broken line, and its envelope characteristics are as follows: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., one of the basic inflection point distribution models) is:

[0110]

[0111] Hypothesis 3: Refer to Figure 6c , assume that the interface adhesion strength envelope of static ice and the substrate material is the second broken line, and its characteristics are as follows: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle front part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., the second basic inflection point distribution model) is:

[0112]

[0113] Hypothesis 4: Refer to Figure 6d , assume that the interface adhesion strength envelope of static ice and the substrate material is the third broken line, and its characteristics are as follows: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle rear part of the envelope. The corresponding fitting formula (i.e., the third basic inflection point distribution model) is:

[0114]

[0115] To provide support for accurately obtaining the key data of the envelope and fitting the envelope, for the above four assumptions about the strength envelope forms, design and select the tensile load loading values targeted according to the envelope characteristic forms, that is, match different distribution density functions on the abscissa.

[0116] Exemplarily, corresponding to the four hypotheses, divide the predetermined 4N data points to be measured into four groups, and respectively set the following four arrangements of tensile load loading values (i.e., the horizontal axis values of each data point to be measured, or the abscissa); preferably, the number of experiments corresponding to each hypothesis is set to 10 times:

[0117] 1) For the first group of data points to be measured that follow the non - inflection point distribution model, determine the abscissa (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) of each data point to be measured in the first group of data points to be measured based on the uniform distribution (i.e., the distribution density function of the abscissa of the first group of data points to be measured is a uniform distribution function). For example, divide the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer (i.e., the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) obtained by 10 to get the tolerance, and increment it step by step from 0 to form an arithmetic sequence. Use this sequence as the value of the ice layer tensile adhesion strength test point, so as to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of each data point to be measured in the first group of data points to be measured, that is, determine the value of each data point to be measured on the abscissa. In some embodiments, according to the above method, the values of each data point to be measured in the first group on the abscissa refer to Figure 7。Then, take each tensile adhesion strength value as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force corresponding to each data point to be measured can be determined). Then, gradually increase the shear tensile force from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured separates, obtaining the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force. Repeat this process multiple times and calculate the mean value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the data point to be measured.

[0118] 2) For the second group of data points to be measured that follow the distribution model shown in formula (4), determine the abscissa of each data point to be measured in the second group (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) based on the normal distribution function (i.e., the distribution density function of the abscissa of the second group of data points to be measured is the normal distribution function). For example, according to the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the normal distribution function, calculate the tensile adhesion strength values of 10 data points to be measured, that is, determine the abscissa of each data point to be measured (for example, according to the aforementioned experimental design scheme, the values of the second group of data points to be measured on the abscissa can be seen in Figure 8 ); Thus, it can be seen that it is assumed that the number / density of the data points to be measured around the inflection point (i.e., when it is assumed that the measured envelope follows the above assumption 2, the inflection point in the envelope) is relatively large; then, take each tensile adhesion strength value as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force corresponding to each data point to be measured can be determined). Then, gradually increase the shear tensile force from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured separates, obtaining the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force. Repeat this process multiple times and calculate the mean value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the data point to be measured. As can be seen from the figure, each data point in the second group of data points to be measured is concentrated in the middle region of the measured adhesion strength envelope.

[0119] 3) For the third group of data points to be measured that follow the distribution model shown in formula (5), determine the abscissa of each data point to be measured in the third group (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) based on the Gamma distribution function (i.e., the distribution density function of the abscissa of the third group of data points to be measured is the Gamma distribution function). For example, according to the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, calculate the tensile adhesion strength values of 10 data points to be measured, that is, determine the abscissa of each data point to be measured (for example, according to the aforementioned experimental design scheme, the values of the third group of data points to be measured on the abscissa can be seen in Figure 9) It can be seen therefrom that it is assumed that the number / density of the data points to be measured around the inflection point (i.e., the inflection point in the envelope line when it is assumed that the envelope line to be measured conforms to the above assumption 2) is large; then, each value of the tensile adhesion strength is used as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each data point to be measured can be determined), and then the shear tensile force is gradually increased from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average value is calculated to obtain the value of the shear adhesion strength of each data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the data point to be measured. As can be seen from the figure, the data points to be measured in the third group of data points to be measured are concentrated in the middle and front regions of the envelope line of the adhesion strength to be measured.

[0120] 4) For the fourth group of data points to be measured that conform to the distribution model shown in formula (6), the mirror abscissa (i.e., the value of the tensile adhesion strength) of each data point to be measured in the fourth group of data points to be measured is determined based on the Gamma distribution function, and mirror processing is performed to obtain the abscissa of the fourth group of data points to be measured (i.e., the distribution density function of the abscissa of the fourth group of data points to be measured is the Gamma mirror distribution function). For example, according to the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the values of the tensile adhesion strength of 10 data points to be measured are calculated. A symmetry axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis is set at the origin and the midpoint of the abscissa of the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer, and then the Gamma distribution is mirrored with respect to this symmetry axis to obtain the value of the tensile adhesion strength of each data point to be measured in the fourth group of data points to be measured, that is, the abscissa of each data point to be measured is determined (for example, according to the aforementioned experimental design scheme, the value of each data point in the fourth group of data in the abscissa direction is shown in Figure 10 ); then, each value of the tensile adhesion strength is used as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each data point to be measured can be determined), and then the shear tensile force is gradually increased from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force is obtained. This is repeated multiple times, and the average value is calculated to obtain the value of the shear adhesion strength of each data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the data point to be measured. As can be seen from the figure, the data points to be measured in the fourth group of data points to be measured are concentrated in the middle and rear regions of the envelope line of the adhesion strength to be measured.

[0121] S4. Connect all the data points to be measured, the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, and the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength to draw the envelope line to be measured, and match the best distribution model for this envelope line to be measured.

[0122] When all the data points are counted on a function image, a total of 42 data points will be obtained (including two data points on the horizontal and vertical coordinate axes, and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength τ max, (uniaxial tensile adhesion strength). Connect these 42 data points to form a curve, calculate the similarity between this curve and the above four assumed distribution curves, and determine whether the similarity is greater than or equal to a preset threshold (specifically, image processing can be performed by the host computer to obtain this similarity); if so, use the assumed strength envelope line with the largest similarity greater than the preset threshold as the adhesion strength envelope line between the static ice and the substrate to be measured; otherwise, use the adhesion strength envelope line obtained by fitting the 42 data points as the adhesion strength envelope line between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0123] Preferably, the above similarity is the probability of similarity. Correspondingly, the preset threshold is 90%.

[0124] Of course, different interface areas, different sizes, different ice-making environments, etc. will all affect the shape of the final envelope line. Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to explore an experimental direction for the adhesion strength envelope line between static ice and the substrate to be measured on the premise of not knowing the shape of the adhesion strength envelope line between static ice and the substrate to be measured. For example, by magnifying some features of the known distribution model to match the best assumed envelope line, the accuracy of the obtained envelope line is higher compared to the traditional method of assuming a single assumed envelope line for envelope line experiments.

[0125] Embodiment 3: The present invention also provides another method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope line between static ice and the material interface, which includes each step in Embodiment 2 above. The difference is that in order to reduce the experimental period and cost, see Figure 4B , in this embodiment, in step S3, first, N first data points to be measured with the abscissa following a uniform distribution are used for experiments, and then the non-inflection point distribution model and the first inflection point distribution model are respectively used for the first data fitting to preliminarily judge the envelope line type or the envelope line feature type. If there is no inflection point, no more data points are set for experiments, and the curve obtained by directly fitting the data using this non-inflection point distribution model is the envelope line to be measured; if there is an inflection point, then N second data points to be measured are set, and experiments are designed according to the probability density functions matched by the envelope line feature type to obtain the abscissa and ordinate values of the N second data points to be measured. Finally, the curve obtained by fitting all the data points using the second inflection point distribution model matched according to this envelope line feature type is the envelope line to be measured.

[0126] Specifically, step S3 in this embodiment specifically includes the steps:

[0127] S31, preset N first data points to be measured with the abscissa following a uniform distribution, and determine the abscissa of each first data point to be measured in the τ-σ coordinate system in combination with the maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength).

[0128] Exemplarily, based on the maximum tensile adhesion strength (i.e., uniaxial tensile adhesion strength), the abscissa value (i.e., the tensile adhesion strength value) of each of the 10 first measured data points with a uniform distribution on the abscissa is calculated: divide the obtained maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer by 10 to obtain the tolerance, and increment it step by step from 0 to form an arithmetic progression. Use this arithmetic progression as the value of the ice layer tensile adhesion strength test point, so as to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of each first data point to be measured, that is, determine the value of each first data point to be measured on the abscissa.

[0129] S33. For each first data point to be measured, obtain the mean value of the peak shear force under the state of coupling the tangential load based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator, and calculate the shear adhesion strength value of the first data point to be measured based on the mean value of the peak shear force, so as to obtain the ordinate of each first data point to be measured.

[0130] Exemplarily, use each tensile adhesion strength value as the basic setting value for the coupling load of the corresponding first data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force corresponding to each data point to be measured can be determined), and then gradually increase the shear tensile force from 0N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, obtain the corresponding peak shear tensile force, repeat it multiple times, and calculate the mean value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each first data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the first data point to be measured.

[0131] S35. Based on the preset non - inflection point distribution model and the preset first inflection point distribution model, perform data fitting on the obtained N first data points to be measured, obtain their respective goodness - of - fit, and compare the two goodness - of - fit.

[0132] Among them, the uniform distribution model is the above formula (3); the first inflection point distribution model is τ is the interfacial shear stress, σ is the interfacial tensile stress, where the parameters a1, b1, c1, d1, t1 are parameters to be determined by fitting.

[0133] S37. If the goodness - of - fit parameter corresponding to the non - inflection point distribution model is greater than the goodness - of - fit parameter corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model, determine that the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured is non - inflection point, and use the curve obtained by data fitting with the non - inflection point distribution model as the adhesion strength envelope to be measured, and no further experiment is carried out.

[0134] S39. If the goodness-of-fit parameter corresponding to the inflection point distribution model is less than the goodness-of-fit of the first inflection point distribution model, it is determined that the envelope feature type of the adhesion strength to be measured is with inflection points. Then, N second data points to be measured are set again, and according to the envelope feature type, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured are matched. Then, under the shear-tensile coupling state, the abscissa values and ordinate values of the N second data points to be measured are obtained through experiments, and the second inflection point distribution model is used to perform data fitting on all data points (N first data points to be measured, N second data points to be measured, uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and uniaxial shear adhesion strength) to obtain the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0135] In some embodiments, the second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models (i.e., the above formulas (4), (5), and (6)) according to the envelope feature type in the distribution trend of the N first data points to be measured. Specifically, after using the first inflection point distribution model to fit the N first data to be measured, the general distribution area of the inflection points can be initially judged according to the fitting result or the distribution trend of the N first data points to be measured, that is, the envelope feature type is initially predicted, and then the basic inflection point distribution model with the same distribution area (for example, the inflection points are all located in the middle) is found from the three basic inflection point distribution models according to the general distribution area. Specifically, as described above, the three basic inflection point distribution models are: the above formulas (4), (5), and (6).

[0136] In some embodiments, if the envelope feature types are different, the corresponding second inflection point distribution models are also different. Correspondingly, the abscissa distributions of the N second data points to be measured are also different, that is, the distribution density functions matched for the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured according to the envelope feature type are also different. Therefore, the arrangement scheme of the stretching load loading values (i.e., the horizontal axis values or abscissas of each data point to be measured) to be set is also different:

[0137] 1) If the second inflection point distribution model is the above formula (4), the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured follow a normal distribution (i.e., the distribution density function is a normal distribution function). Correspondingly, the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured (i.e., the stretching adhesion strength values) are determined based on the normal distribution function. Exemplarily, according to the maximum stretching adhesion strength value of the ice layer (i.e., the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength) and the normal distribution function, the stretching adhesion strength values of 10 second data points to be measured are calculated, that is, the abscissa of each second data point to be measured is determined, respectively, referring to Figure 8, the number / density of the second data points to be measured around the inflection point is large; then, each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding second data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each second data point to be measured can be determined), and then the shear tensile force is gradually increased from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force is obtained. Repeat this process multiple times and calculate the average value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each second data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the second data point to be measured. It can be seen from Figure 8 that the second data points to be measured are concentrated in the middle region of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0138] 2) If the second inflection point distribution model is the above formula (5), then the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured follow a Gamma distribution (that is, the distribution density function is a Gamma distribution function). Correspondingly, based on the Gamma distribution function, the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured (that is, the tensile adhesion strength values) are determined. Exemplarily, according to the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values of 10 second data points to be measured are calculated, that is, the abscissa of each second data point to be measured is determined. See Figure 9 ; it can be seen that the number / density of the second data points to be measured around the inflection point is large; each tensile adhesion strength value is used as the basic set value for the coupled loading of the corresponding second data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each second data point to be measured can be determined), and then the shear tensile force is gradually increased from 0 N until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force is obtained. Repeat this process multiple times and calculate the average value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each second data point to be measured, that is, the ordinate of the second data point to be measured. It can be seen from Figure 9 that each second data point to be measured is concentrated in the middle-front region of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0139] 3) If the second inflection point distribution model is the above formula (6), then the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured follow a Gamma mirror distribution. Correspondingly, based on the Gamma distribution function, the mirror abscissas of 10 second data points to be measured (that is, the tensile adhesion strength values) are determined, and mirror processing is performed to obtain the abscissas of the second data points to be measured. Exemplarily, according to the maximum tensile adhesion strength value of the ice layer and the Gamma function, the tensile adhesion strength values of 10 second data points to be measured are calculated. A symmetry axis perpendicular to the horizontal axis is set at the origin and the midpoint of the abscissa of the maximum tensile adhesion strength of the ice layer, and then the Gamma distribution is mirror-processed with respect to this symmetry axis to obtain the tensile adhesion strength value of each second data point to be measured, that is, the abscissa of each second data point to be measured is determined. See Figure 10。Take each tensile adhesion strength value as the basic set value for coupled loading of the corresponding second data point to be measured (correspondingly, the normal tensile force of each second data point to be measured can be determined), and then gradually increase the shear tensile force from 0 N until the static ice separates from the interface of the substrate to be measured, obtaining the corresponding peak value of the shear tensile force. Repeat this process multiple times and calculate the average value to obtain the shear adhesion strength value of each second data point to be measured, which is the ordinate of the data point to be measured. From Figure 10 It can be seen that each second data point to be measured is concentrated in the middle and rear regions of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured.

[0140] Usually, data fitting is carried out based on the above formula (3). However, the above method actually assumes that the adhesion strength envelope of the ice and the interface of the flat plate to be measured follows a distribution model without inflection points. In fact, at present, there is no clear envelope shape or function form for the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer interface, nor is there any corresponding report. In addition, the currently known envelope distribution models include, in addition to the distribution model without inflection points, there are also multiple inflection point distribution models: that is, distribution models with inflection points appearing in different regions. Therefore, if the differences between the ice layer and other materials are not considered, and only the above single distribution model is used for data fitting, the obtained strength envelope may not be suitable for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice layer and the substrate material interface.

[0141] Based on this, in this embodiment, when the type of the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate material interface is unknown, and at the same time, considering the differences between the ice layer and other existing materials, first, a set of data points is obtained through experiments, and based on this set of data points, the type of the adhesion strength envelope of the ice layer and the substrate material interface is initially judged. Then, based on the judgment result, the next experimental plan is determined. For example, if the envelope has an inflection point, based on the known multiple envelope characteristics, a corresponding shear-tensile load loading experimental design scheme is designed. That is, in this embodiment, the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope of the static ice layer and the interface of the substrate to be measured is initially judged by designing the first experiment. If there is an inflection point, a second set of data points is set to conduct experiments for measurement.

[0142] The following is a detailed description in combination with examples:

[0143] 1) After preparing the interface of the static ice and the substrate material to be measured, obtain the uniaxial shear adhesion strength and uniaxial tensile adhesion strength: Shear adhesion strength: 0.448 MPa Tensile adhesion strength: 0.911 MPa;

[0144] 2) Set 8 first data points to be measured with abscissas following a uniform distribution, and obtain the shear adhesion strength data under the tensile-shear coupled loading condition, as shown in Table 1 below and Figure 11A ;

[0145] Table 1 Shear adhesion strength under tensile-shear coupled loading condition

[0146]

[0147] 3) Perform data fitting based on the above formula (3), see Figure 11B , and obtain:

[0148] The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.96;

[0149] 4) Perform data fitting based on the above formula (7), see Figure 11C , and obtain:

[0150] The corresponding goodness of fit is 0.88.

[0151] 5) Compare the two fitting results. It is predicted that the envelope feature of the adhesion strength to be measured is without inflection points. Therefore, data fitting is performed using the above formula (1), that is, the fitting function obtained in 3) is used to characterize the adhesion strength envelope between static ice and the substrate to be measured.

[0152] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the spirit and scope protected by the present invention and the claims. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interfaces, characterized in that, The method is based on a measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interfaces. The measurement system for the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interfaces includes: a refrigeration platform, an ice-making mold with an open bottom, a fixing mechanism for fixing a substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform, a tangential actuator and a normal actuator for applying tangential tension and normal tension to the static ice formed on the substrate to be measured respectively, force sensors respectively arranged on the tangential actuator and the normal actuator, and a host computer for data communication with the force sensors; correspondingly, the measurement method for the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interfaces specifically includes the following steps: Fix the substrate to be measured on the refrigeration platform through the fixing mechanism, place the ice-making mold on the substrate to be measured, and then add ice-making liquid through the top opening of the ice-making mold; Seal the top opening of the ice-making mold by using a cup cover detachably installed on the top of the ice-making mold, so that under the action of the refrigeration platform, the ice-making liquid in the ice-making mold freezes to form an interface between static ice and material; Obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between static ice and the substrate to be measured through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator respectively; Preset N first data points to be measured whose abscissas follow a uniform distribution, and determine the abscissa values of each first data point to be measured in the coordinate system in combination with the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength; For each of the first data points to be measured, obtain the mean value of the peak tangential tension under the coupling of the tangential load state based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator, and calculate the shear adhesion strength value of the first data point to be measured based on the mean value of the peak tangential tension, so as to obtain the ordinate value of each of the first data points to be measured; Based on a preset non-inflection point distribution model and a preset first inflection point distribution model, perform data fitting on the N first data points to be measured, obtain their respective goodness-of-fit, and compare the two goodness-of-fit; If the goodness-of-fit corresponding to the non-inflection point distribution model is greater than the goodness-of-fit corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model, determine that the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured between the static ice and material interfaces is without an inflection point, and use the curve obtained by performing data fitting with the non-inflection point distribution model as the adhesion strength envelope to be measured; If the goodness-of-fit corresponding to the non-inflection point distribution model is less than the goodness-of-fit corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model, determine that the envelope characteristic type of the adhesion strength envelope to be measured is with an inflection point, preset N second data points to be measured again, and match the corresponding second inflection point distribution model and the distribution density function of the abscissa for the N second data points according to the envelope characteristic type, and obtain the abscissa value and ordinate value of the N second data points to be measured through experiments under the shear-tensile coupling state; the second inflection point distribution model is matched from three preset basic inflection point distribution models according to the envelope characteristic type; the envelope characteristic type includes: there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle front part of the envelope; or, there is a significant inflection point, and the inflection point is located in the middle rear part of the envelope; Using the second inflection point distribution model to perform data fitting on the obtained 2N data points, uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, and uniaxial shear adhesion strength to obtain the envelope of the adhesion strength of the static ice and the material interface to be measured.

2. The method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to claim 1, characterized in that Preset N first data points to be measured whose abscissas follow a uniform distribution, and determine the abscissa values of each first data point to be measured in the coordinate system in combination with the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength. The steps specifically include: Evenly divide the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the abscissa values of N first data points to be measured.

3. The method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to claim 2, wherein, The step of obtaining the abscissa values of N second data points to be measured through experiments in the shear-tensile coupling state specifically includes: If the envelope feature type is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the distribution density function of the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured is a normal distribution function. Based on the normal distribution function, divide the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values of the N second data points to be measured; If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point appears in the middle and front of the envelope, the distribution density function of the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured is a Gamma distribution. Based on the Gamma distribution function, divide the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values of the N second data points to be measured; If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point appears in the middle and back of the envelope, the distribution density function of the abscissas of the N second data points to be measured is a Gamma mirror distribution. Based on the Gamma distribution function, divide the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength into N levels to obtain the mirror values of the tensile adhesion strength of the N second data points to be measured, and then mirror the mirror values of the tensile adhesion strength of the N second data points to be measured with a preset axis of symmetry to obtain the tensile adhesion strength values of the N second data points to be measured.

4. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and a material interface according to claim 3, characterized in that The axis of symmetry is located at the midpoint of the abscissa of the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength in the coordinate system, and is perpendicular to the horizontal axis in the coordinate system.

5. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the ordinate values of N second data points to be measured through experiments in the shear-tensile coupling state specifically includes: For the first second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value, use the normal actuator to load the normal tensile force to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the first-level tensile adhesion strength, and then load the tangential load until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated; and obtain the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor; repeat multiple times, and calculate the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force, and calculate the shear adhesion strength value of the first second data point to be measured in the coupling state according to the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force; For the second second data point to be measured, based on the tensile load corresponding to the abscissa value, use the normal actuator to load the normal tensile force to the normal tensile force value corresponding to the second-level tensile adhesion strength, and then load the tangential load until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and obtain the peak value of the shear tensile force collected by the stress sensor; repeat multiple times, and calculate the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force, and calculate the shear adhesion strength value of the second second data point to be measured in the coupling state according to the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force; Repeat this N times until the shear adhesion strength value of the Nth second data point to be measured is obtained.

6. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The steps of obtaining the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured through the measurement system specifically include: Apply a normal tensile force and a tangential tensile force to the static ice prepared on the substrate to be measured through the normal actuator and the tangential actuator respectively until the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured is separated, and respectively obtain the peak value of the normal tensile force and the peak value of the tangential tensile force collected by the corresponding force sensors; Repeat a certain number of times respectively to obtain a certain number of peak values of the normal tensile force and a certain number of peak values of the tangential tensile force, and respectively calculate the average value of the peak value of the normal tensile force and the average value of the peak value of the tangential tensile force to obtain the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength and the uniaxial shear adhesion strength of the interface between the static ice and the substrate to be measured.

7. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The non-inflection point distribution model is , where is the uniaxial shear adhesion strength, is the uniaxial tensile adhesion strength, is the interfacial shear stress, is the interfacial tensile stress, and the parameters and are the parameters to be determined by fitting.

8. A method for measuring the adhesion strength envelope of static ice and material interface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The fitting formula corresponding to the first inflection point distribution model is: ； If the envelope feature is that there is a significant inflection point and the inflection point is located in the middle of the envelope, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ； Alternatively, if the wire wrapping feature is the existence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle front part of the wire wrapping, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; Alternatively, if the wire wrapping feature is the presence of a significant inflection point, and the inflection point appears in the middle or rear part of the wire wrapping, the corresponding second inflection point distribution model is: ; Among them, is the interfacial shear stress, is the interfacial tensile stress, is the fitting parameter to be solved.

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