Intelligent crust breaking system for aluminum electrolytic cells that automatically tracks crusting positions

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of automated control of shelling operations on pre-trained electrolytic cells in the aluminum electrolytic industry. The present invention provides an intelligent shelling system for aluminum electrolytic cells that automatically tracks the location of shelling. The present invention can actively detect the location of shelling, automatically set the target depth of shelling, accurately control the depth of the hammer head entering the electrolyte, accurately determine whether the shell surface is broken through, and issue a timely warning to ensure that the discharge port is unobstructed. The pull rod type linear displacement sensor has the characteristics of dustproof, anti-magnetic and high temperature resistance. The shelling system also has self-diagnosis and warning to improve system reliability and safety. The intelligent shelling system of the present invention not only has a higher level of automation, but also can operate stably in the harsh environment above the electrolytic cell, reduce equipment failure rate, and reduce maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of automatic control of shelling operations on pre-cultivated electrolytic cells in the aluminum electrolytic industry, and in particular to an intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the position of shelling for aluminum electrolytic cells. Background Art

[0002] In the aluminum electrolysis industry, modern large-scale prebaked cell electrolysis processes all use an intermediate point feeding method to add materials. The addition of alumina is precisely controlled by an advanced cell control machine. Before alumina is fed, the shelling cylinder will perform a full-stroke shelling operation to prepare for the feeding process. However, during the repeated up and down movement of the shelling hammer, the electrolyte will adhere to the shelling hammer and gradually solidify. Over time, the adhesion electrolyte gradually increases to form a sticky bag. The appearance of the sticky bag will not only hinder the normal movement of the shelling hammer, resulting in obstruction of the shelling action, but may also cause the material to be unable to effectively enter the electrolyte, which will have a serious impact on the electrolytic production process. Therefore, while ensuring that the feeding port is unobstructed, solving the problem of the shelling hammer not sticking has become the key to achieving efficient control of aluminum electrolytic cell materials.

[0003] Patent CN108757634A introduces a shell-pressing cylinder with real-time controllable stroke. Although it uses a wire displacement sensor to track the movement stroke of the hammer in real time, in actual application, the intelligent shell-breaking cylinder exposes several problems. First, there is a high risk of breakage of the sensor wire, which is particularly prominent in a high-temperature and frequently moving working environment. Secondly, in the high-temperature environment of the upper part of the slot, the failure rate of the photoelectric encoder increases significantly, seriously affecting the stability and reliability of the system. Furthermore, the structure of the cylinder is relatively complex, which not only increases the difficulty of maintenance, but also increases the maintenance cost. In addition, the shell-breaking cylinder has limitations in adjusting the shell-breaking depth. At present, the setting of the shell-breaking depth needs to rely on manual adjustment according to the amount of electrolyte adhered to the hammer head, which not only increases the workload of manual operation (especially when a series contains more than 300 slots), but also when the manual setting is unreasonable, it may cause adverse situations such as long bags on the hammer head or blockage of the feed port.

[0004] The intelligent shelling and intelligent feeding system for aluminum electrolytic cells introduced in patent CN109023429B, although showing significant innovation in technology, still has some key problems to be solved in practical applications. First, due to the drastic pressure changes during the movement of the cylinder, the pressure sensor may be disturbed during data collection, resulting in inaccurate data, which will directly affect the accuracy of subsequent analysis and state identification. Secondly, the temperature adaptability of the pressure sensor is limited, and its maximum adaptability temperature is 80 degrees. In the high temperature environment in summer, the temperature of the upper part of the tank may exceed this threshold, resulting in sensor failure or data acquisition distortion. Furthermore, the wavelet analysis algorithm and artificial neural network used in the system have high computational complexity, which not only increases the cost of the system, but also may reduce the accuracy and real-time performance of the online identification of the feeding port state. Finally, it is worth noting that the system can only judge the opening state of the feeding port, and cannot judge the real-time position of the hammer head, resulting in its inability to control the depth of entry into the electrolyte, which may cause the occurrence of hammer head long bag.

[0005] Patent CN107904625A invented an intelligent shelling system and its control method, in which a specially designed combination valve effectively regulates the pressure of the shelling cylinder, significantly improving the energy-saving effect. However, the patent does not elaborate on the mechanism of how the signal-transmitting adjustment device accurately determines the state of the shelling port opening. In the control method of the intelligent shelling system, although it is mentioned that the shelling hammer head needs to be set by manually adjusting the signal-transmitting adjustment device according to the actual situation on site before work, this manual operation method may cause certain errors in the setting results due to differences in skills and experience of different operators.

[0006] Patent CN113755897A proposes an intelligent shelling control method for aluminum electrolytic cells. The core of this control method is to detect the voltage signal through the contact between the hammer head and the electrolyte, so as to determine the timing of the shelling operation. However, this mechanism requires the hammer head to penetrate deep into the electrolyte to achieve effective contact, which inevitably leads to a certain sticking phenomenon of the hammer head after long-term use, thereby affecting the shelling efficiency and equipment life. At the same time, the positive pole of the cable of its voltage signal acquisition device is connected to the shelling cylinder, and the negative pole is connected to the cathode busbar, which poses a risk of damaging the insulation of the upper part of the tank, posing a threat to the safety of the operator.

[0007] The fully intelligent shelling system proposed by patent CN108330509A is equipped with a displacement sensor on the cylinder that can detect its movement stroke, so as to control the stroke of the cylinder, and is supplemented by a crust detection device and a liquid level monitoring device, forming an intelligent shelling solution with the coordinated work of multiple sensors. This design significantly reduces the possibility of the shelling hammer head sticking during the electrolysis process, and effectively improves the shelling efficiency. However, the system also shows some limitations in practical applications. Due to the harsh environment above the electrolytic cell, high temperature, strong magnetism and the presence of a large amount of dust, extremely high requirements are placed on the operating stability of the sensor. In order to ensure the normal operation of the system, additional protection devices such as water cooling and air cooling need to be installed, which undoubtedly increases the investment cost of the equipment and reduces the economy of the system. In addition, the maintenance of the multi-sensor system is relatively complicated, and regular inspection and maintenance by professionals are required, which increases the complexity of operation and maintenance.

[0008] Although many solutions aimed at ensuring the opening rate of the feed port while controlling the non-sticking of the shelling hammer have been proposed in existing literature and reports, these solutions can basically meet the demand for non-sticking in theory, but in practical applications, they generally face some significant challenges. First, the implementation costs of these solutions are generally high, which not only increases the economic burden of production enterprises, but also limits their promotion and application in large-scale production. Secondly, due to the complexity and harshness of the upper environment of the electrolytic cell, the equipment failure rate of these solutions is high, which seriously affects the continuity and stability of production. Furthermore, the maintenance cost and difficulty of these solutions are relatively high, and professional personnel are required to conduct regular inspections and maintenance, which increases the complexity and cost of operation and maintenance. In addition, the shelling depth setting in the existing solutions often requires manual adjustment, which not only increases the workload of the operator, but also inevitably has certain errors, affecting the shelling effect and equipment life. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention particularly proposes an intelligent shelling system for aluminum electrolytic cells that automatically tracks the location of crusting. The intelligent shelling system of the present invention not only has a higher level of automation, but also can operate stably in harsh electrolytic cell environments, reduce equipment failure rates, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0010] The present invention provides an intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the shelling position of an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cell control machine, a control device, an intelligent shelling cylinder, an electromagnetic reversing valve and an electrical proportional valve, wherein the cell control machine establishes a communication connection with the control device, the control device establishes a communication connection with the intelligent shelling cylinder, the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electrical proportional valve respectively, and the intelligent shelling cylinder is also connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electrical proportional valve, and is characterized in that;

[0011] The intelligent shelling cylinder comprises a shelling cylinder 1, a shelling hammer head 2, a sealing guide sleeve 3, a tie rod type linear displacement sensor 4 and a connecting rod 5 for fixing the tie rod and the cylinder piston rod head. The tie rod type linear displacement sensor 4 comprises a tie rod type linear displacement sensor tie rod 4.1 and a piston 4.2 with a sliding plate.

[0012] The control device is used to realize the control algorithm and the automatic control of the shell breaking process. The control device includes a shell breaking unit and a shell probing unit. The shell breaking control algorithm is set in the shell breaking unit, and the shell probing control algorithm is set in the shell probing unit. After the control device receives the shell breaking instruction or the shell probing instruction sent by the slot control machine, the control device collects the data of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, performs real-time analysis and processing on the data collected by the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and extracts the hammer stroke information for use in the shell breaking unit or the shell probing unit. The control device obtains the cylinder control instruction through the shell breaking control algorithm or the shell probing control algorithm, and the control device sends a control instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the electromagnetic reversing valve to allow compressed air to enter the shell breaking cylinder 1, and push the cylinder piston rod to drive the shell breaking hammer 2 to perform a lifting action. At the same time, the cylinder piston rod drives the pull rod 4.1 of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor to perform a lifting action through the connecting rod 5 between the fixed pull rod and the cylinder piston rod head. The control device determines the real-time position of the shell breaking hammer 2 through the resistance value of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and the control device sends an electrical signal to the electrical proportional valve to control the cylinder intake pressure;

[0013] The shelling cylinder 1 and the shelling hammer 2 are used as shelling actuators for shelling operations, and the shelling cylinder 1 and the shelling hammer 2 execute the shelling commands of the control device.

[0014] The pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4 also includes a guide cylinder, a sliding resistance element arranged in a straight line along the guide cylinder, and the sliding piece follows the pull rod to continuously reciprocate along the resistance element. The resistance value of the resistance element changes with the change of the pull rod position. The pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4 is installed in parallel on the side of the shell breaking cylinder 1. The head of the pull rod 4.1 of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor is connected and fixed to the head of the cylinder piston rod by a connecting rod 5 that fixes the pull rod and the head of the cylinder piston rod, so that the pull rod of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor follows the movement of the cylinder piston rod and reciprocates synchronously. The sensor resistance feedback signal is connected to the resistance acquisition port of the control device with a signal cable, and the control device monitors the hammer head stroke in real time.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention provides an intelligent shelling system for aluminum electrolytic cells that automatically tracks the position of shelling, wherein the sealing guide sleeve 3 comprises a dust cover and a guide sleeve, and is installed below the shelling cylinder 1 to assist the device in ensuring the up and down linear motion of the hammer head 2. The bottom of the sealing guide sleeve 3 can scrape off the electrolyte adhering to the hammer head, and the top of the sealing guide sleeve 3 is provided with a sealing guide sleeve sealing cover 3.1, which is used to seal and protect the piston rod of the shelling cylinder, the piston rod 4 of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor, and the connecting part of the connecting rod 5 that fixes the pull rod and the cylinder piston rod head, thereby improving the service life of the cylinder and the pull rod type linear displacement sensor.

[0016] Furthermore, the intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the shelling position of the aluminum electrolytic cell provided by the present invention comprises an electromagnetic reversing valve installed above the shelling cylinder 1 to control the reversing action of the shelling cylinder 1 to realize the reciprocating motion of the hammer head.

[0017] Furthermore, the intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the shelling position of the aluminum electrolytic cell provided by the present invention, the electrical proportional valve, which is used to steplessly control the air pressure proportional to the electrical signal, is installed at the intake pipe interface of the shelling cylinder 1 to control the intake pressure of the shelling cylinder 1.

[0018] Furthermore, the intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the crusting position for aluminum electrolytic cells provided by the present invention includes a control device installed in an electric control cabinet on the column surface of the flue end, the control device collects data from the pull-rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and performs real-time analysis and processing on the data collected by the pull-rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and extracting hammer stroke information includes the following steps:

[0019] The control device collects the hammer displacement S(k) of the pull rod linear displacement sensor 4 every ∆t, k=0, 1, 2⋯n, where k represents the number of collections and S(k) represents the hammer displacement collected for the kth time. The hammer movement speed v(k) is calculated as follows:

[0020] v(k)=( S(k)- S(k-1) ) / ∆t ;

[0021] Where:

[0022] ---- v(k) current hammer speed;

[0023] ---- S(k) current acquisition displacement;

[0024] ---- S(k-1) displacement of the last acquisition;

[0025] ---- ∆t is the time interval between two displacement acquisitions.

[0026] Furthermore, the intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the position of shelling for aluminum electrolytic cells provided by the present invention, the shelling unit, comprises:

[0027] Determine the validity of the shelling instruction: Determine the shelling instruction once every 1ms. If the shelling instruction is valid, go to step 2, otherwise loop and wait for the shelling instruction to be valid;

[0028] Low-pressure shell breaking unit: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve to be set to 0.3MPa, outputs a hammer head descending command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and the hammer head begins to accelerate and descend. Real-time monitoring is performed. When the hammer head stroke is less than 20cm and the hammer head speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is judged as a hammer head descent failure. The hammer head return command is output to the electromagnetic reversing valve and then transferred to the hammer head descent failure warning unit. Otherwise, if the hammer head stroke is greater than 20cm, it will return to the unit after reaching the shell.

[0029] Hammer head descending failure warning unit: output hammer head descending failure warning, transfer to manual processing, the shelling is ended after the hammer head returns, and the shelling instruction validity judgment unit is returned to wait for the shelling instruction to be valid. The hammer head descending failure warning may be caused by the cylinder electromagnetic reversing valve control circuit failure, cylinder failure, hammer head long bag failure, displacement sensor failure, etc., and the maintenance personnel need to further analyze the cause according to the actual situation;

[0030] After reaching the crust, the return unit: real-time monitoring, when the hammer stroke is greater than the shell setting depth, immediately output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and turn to the judgment unit of whether the crust is broken through or not. Otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than the shell setting depth, and the hammer descending speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is judged that the crust is not broken through and go to step 7;

[0031] Unit for judging whether the return to position and the shell breaking: real-time monitoring: when the hammer stroke is not less than 2cm, and the rising speed of the hammer is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is judged that the hammer has failed to return and the unit is turned to the hammer return failure warning unit; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, it can be judged that the hammer has returned to position. After the hammer has returned to position, the maximum stroke of the hammer in this shell breaking process is calculated. When the maximum stroke of the hammer is greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10cm, it is judged that the shell is broken through, and the cumulative number of times the shell is not broken through is reset to zero, and the shell breaking is completed. The unit returns to the shell breaking instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shell breaking instruction to be valid; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, but the maximum stroke of the hammer is not greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10cm, it is judged that the shell is not broken through and the unit is turned to the shell not broken through unit;

[0032] Hammer return failure warning unit: output hammer return failure warning, transfer to manual processing, end the shelling, return to the shelling instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shelling instruction to be valid; hammer return failure warning may be caused by cylinder solenoid reversing valve control circuit failure, cylinder failure, hammer head long bag failure, displacement sensor failure, etc., and maintenance personnel need to further analyze the cause according to the actual situation.

[0033] Knot shell failure unit: Knot shell failure, change to high-pressure shell breaking, output hammer return command to electromagnetic reversing valve, output electrical signal to control the air pressure value of electrical proportional valve to 0.8MPa, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, it can be determined that the hammer has returned to the position; after the hammer returns to the position, the cumulative number of unbreakable shells increases by 1, when the cumulative number of unbreakable shells exceeds 3 times, it is determined as high-pressure unbreakable and go to step 8; otherwise, the cumulative number of unbreakable shells does not exceed 3 times, switch to low-pressure shell breaking unit, but the air pressure of electrical proportional valve is kept at 0.8MPa, and high-pressure shell breaking is performed;

[0034] The high-pressure unbreak-through processing unit, if the high-pressure unbreak-through is not performed for three consecutive times, sends a warning of unbreak-through of the crust, and transfers to manual processing. The output of the warning of unbreak-through of the crust transfers to manual processing, the cumulative number of unbreak-through of the crust is cleared, and the current shelling is ended. The unit returns to the shelling instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shelling instruction to be valid. The warning of unbreak-through of the crust may be caused by the crust being too hard, the hammer head having a bag failure, etc., and the on-site personnel need to make further appropriate disposal according to the actual situation.

[0035] Furthermore, the intelligent shell breaking system for automatically tracking the position of crusting for aluminum electrolytic cells provided by the present invention, the shell detection unit, comprises:

[0036] The shell exploration instruction validity judgment unit: the shell exploration instruction is judged every 1ms. If the shell exploration instruction is valid, the initial locking force is overcome. Otherwise, the shell exploration instruction is looped and waited for to be valid.

[0037] Overcoming the initial locking force unit: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the electrical proportional valve to set the air pressure to 0MPa, outputs a hammer head descending instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms until the air intake pressure in the upper chamber of the cylinder overcomes the initial locking force of the cylinder. After the hammer head begins to descend, the pressurization ends and the reverse deceleration and low-speed descent of the hammer head unit begins.

[0038] Reverse deceleration and low-speed descent of the hammer unit: When it is detected that the hammer has dropped more than 5cm, the control device outputs a hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms until the hammer drops less than 5cm / s. The air pressure of the electrical proportional valve is set to 0.1MPa, and the control device outputs a hammer drop command to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the hammer to drop at a low speed, and starts to execute the judgment unit for the hammer to stop when it encounters a crust;

[0039] The unit for judging whether the hammer head stops when encountering a crust: the real-time stroke of the hammer head is judged every 1ms. If the stroke of the hammer head does not exceed the estimated crust position + 10cm, and the descending speed of the hammer head is less than 1cm / s for a cumulative period of 1s, it is judged that the hammer head stops descending when encountering a crust, and the crust detection depth is output to be equal to the current hammer head stroke, and the unit for increasing the air intake pressure is turned. Otherwise, when it is monitored that the hammer head stroke exceeds the estimated crust position + 10cm, it is judged that the crust is too soft and the hammer head fails to stop within the estimated range, and the unit for processing the hammer head failing to stop within the estimated range is turned;

[0040] The estimated crust position is calculated by the following formula:

[0041] Estimated crust position = distance between hammer head and tank bottom - (electrolyte level + aluminum level)

[0042] In the formula: the distance between the hammer head and the bottom of the tank is measured once a month, the electrolyte level and the aluminum level are measured once a day, and are sent by the tank control machine to the intelligent shelling control device;

[0043] Increase the air intake pressure unit, and when the crust hardness is moderate, the hammer head returns after the crust is pressed through. Control the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms. When it is detected that the hammer head stroke exceeds (crust detection depth + 10cm), output the hammer head return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and set the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve to 0.3MPa. Wait for 2s until the hammer head returns and then switch to the hammer head judgment unit; otherwise, when the electrical proportional valve air pressure exceeds 0.8MPa for more than 3s, it is judged that the crust is too hard and the maximum pressure is not pressed through, and the maximum pressure is not pressed through processing unit is switched;

[0044] If the hammer fails to stop within the estimated range, the processing unit will be stopped: the crust is too soft flag will be sent to the slot control machine, and the hammer will return to the electromagnetic reversing valve. After the hammer returns, the shell exploration will end. The shell exploration setting depth will be equal to the estimated crust position. The shell exploration command will be returned to the effective judgment unit to wait for the next shell exploration command to be valid. After receiving the crust is too soft flag, the slot control machine will appropriately increase the crust waiting time.

[0045] The hammer head is stuck and if the detection depth is not within the estimated range, the hammer head is stuck. The hammer head is probed again. After the hammer head returns, when the maximum stroke of the hammer head exceeds the estimated crust position and the crust detection depth is within the estimated crust position ±10cm, the shell detection is terminated, and the shell setting depth is output to be equal to the crust detection depth. The shell detection instruction is returned to the shell detection instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the next shell detection instruction to be valid. Otherwise, it is judged that the crust detection depth is not within the estimated range and there may be a hammer head stuck. The shell detection procedure is executed again by returning to the overcoming initial locking force unit.

[0046] The maximum pressure cannot press through the processing unit. The crust is too hard. The maximum pressure cannot press through. The crust is too hard flag is pushed to the slot control machine. At the same time, the hammer head returns the command to the electromagnetic reversing valve. After the hammer head returns, the shell breaking command is output and the shell breaking subroutine is called to end the shell detection. The output shell breaking set depth is equal to the crust detection depth. The shell detection command validity unit is returned to wait for the next shell detection command to be valid. After the slot control machine receives the crust too hard flag, the crust waiting time is appropriately shortened. After the shell breaking subroutine receives the shell breaking command valid, it executes shell breaking until the crust is broken through.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] Actively detect the location of crusting, automatically set the target depth of crusting, and accurately control the depth of the hammer head entering the electrolyte.

[0049] Accurately determine whether the shell surface is broken through, issue warnings in time, and ensure that the discharge port is unobstructed.

[0050] The high protection pull rod type linear displacement sensor has the characteristics of dustproof, anti-magnetic and high temperature resistance.

[0051] The shelling system has self-diagnosis and early warning functions to improve system reliability and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the intelligent shelling cylinder of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the intelligent shelling cylinder of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 The present invention is a flow chart of the shell detection function of the intelligent shell breaking system.

[0056] Figure 4 The present invention is a flowchart of the shelling function of the intelligent shelling system.

[0057] Illustration: 1 shelling cylinder, 2 shelling hammer head, 3 sealing guide sleeve, 3.1 sealing guide sleeve sealing cover, 4 tie rod type linear displacement sensor, 4.1 tie rod of tie rod type linear displacement sensor, 4.2 piston with sliding plate, 5 connecting rod fixing the tie rod and the cylinder piston rod head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0059] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides an intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the shelling position for aluminum electrolytic cells. The specific technical scheme includes a cell control machine, a control device, an intelligent shelling cylinder, an electromagnetic reversing valve and an electrical proportional valve. The cell control machine establishes a communication connection with the control device, and the control device establishes a communication connection with the intelligent shelling cylinder, the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electrical proportional valve respectively. The intelligent shelling cylinder is also connected to the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electrical proportional valve, and is characterized in that;

[0060] The intelligent shelling cylinder comprises a shelling cylinder 1, a shelling hammer head 2, a sealing guide sleeve 3, a tie rod type linear displacement sensor 4 and a connecting rod 5 for fixing the tie rod and the cylinder piston rod head. The tie rod type linear displacement sensor 4 comprises a tie rod type linear displacement sensor tie rod 4.1 and a piston 4.2 with a sliding plate.

[0061] The control device is used to realize the control algorithm and the automatic control of the shell breaking process. The control device includes a shell breaking unit and a shell probing unit. The shell breaking control algorithm is set in the shell breaking unit, and the shell probing control algorithm is set in the shell probing unit. After the control device receives the shell breaking instruction or the shell probing instruction sent by the slot control machine, the control device collects the data of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, performs real-time analysis and processing on the data collected by the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and extracts the hammer stroke information for use in the shell breaking unit or the shell probing unit. The control device obtains the cylinder control instruction through the shell breaking control algorithm or the shell probing control algorithm, and the control device sends a control instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the electromagnetic reversing valve to allow compressed air to enter the shell breaking cylinder 1, and push the cylinder piston rod to drive the shell breaking hammer 2 to perform a lifting action. At the same time, the cylinder piston rod drives the pull rod 4.1 of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor to perform a lifting action through the connecting rod 5 between the fixed pull rod and the cylinder piston rod head. The control device determines the real-time position of the shell breaking hammer 2 through the resistance value of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4, and the control device sends an electrical signal to the electrical proportional valve to control the cylinder intake pressure;

[0062] The shelling cylinder 1 and the shelling hammer 2 are used as shelling actuators for shelling operations, and the shelling cylinder 1 and the shelling hammer 2 execute the shelling command of the control device;

[0063] The pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4 also includes a guide cylinder, a sliding resistance element arranged in a straight line along the guide cylinder, and the sliding piece follows the pull rod to continuously reciprocate along the resistance element. The resistance value of the resistance element changes with the change of the pull rod position. The pull rod type linear displacement sensor 4 is installed in parallel on the side of the shell breaking cylinder 1. The head of the pull rod 4.1 of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor is connected and fixed to the head of the cylinder piston rod by a connecting rod 5 that fixes the pull rod and the head of the cylinder piston rod, so that the pull rod of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor follows the movement of the cylinder piston rod and reciprocates synchronously. The sensor resistance feedback signal is connected to the resistance acquisition port of the control device with a signal cable, and the control device monitors the hammer head stroke in real time.

[0064] The present invention actively detects the location of crusting, automatically sets the target depth of crusting, and accurately controls the depth of the hammer head entering the electrolyte;

[0065] The present invention innovatively proposes a function of actively detecting the position of the shell surface. The control device is combined with the feeding control of the slot control machine. During the period when the slot control machine stops feeding when changing poles, the shelling is stopped for a period of time. After the shell surface hardens, the shelling position is actively detected by reducing the descending speed of the hammer head, and the current shelling height is comprehensively inferred by combining the data such as the aluminum level of the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte level, and the distance from the bottom of the cell to the hammer head sent by the host computer. Then, the shelling target depth is automatically set according to the current shelling height, and the depth of the hammer head entering the electrolyte is accurately controlled to reduce the control error caused by manually setting the shelling depth, reduce the consumption and replacement frequency of the hammer head, reduce the long bag of the hammer head, and the stuck hammer head, avoid unnecessary disturbance and pollution to the electrolyte, and reduce the labor intensity of workers.

[0066] The present invention can accurately judge whether the shell surface is opened, and timely warn to ensure the unobstructed feeding port.

[0067] By real-time monitoring of the position changes of the hammer head, it is possible to accurately determine whether the shell surface is broken through. If it is determined that the feed port is blocked and the crust is too hard to be broken through, the cylinder pressure is increased and the shell surface is continuously struck until it is broken through. If the shell surface is still not broken through after multiple strikes, a voice alarm is used to notify manual processing. This helps to promptly discover and deal with blockage problems, ensure the continuity and stability of the shelling process, reduce the anode effect caused by the decrease in alumina concentration due to blockage of the feed port, and improve production stability.

[0068] The present invention adopts a high-protection pull-rod type linear displacement sensor which has the characteristics of dustproof, anti-magnetic and high temperature resistance;

[0069] A high-protection pull-rod linear displacement sensor is used to measure the cylinder stroke. The sensor is made of aluminum alloy and has the characteristics of dustproof, anti-magnetic and high temperature resistance. The sensor has a simple structure and is separated from the cylinder body and does not affect each other. The failure rate is low and can significantly reduce equipment maintenance costs.

[0070] The shelling system of the present invention has self-diagnosis and early warning, which improves the reliability and safety of the system;

[0071] When the control device issues the hammer head descending command and the hammer head ascending command, the sensor will return the corresponding position data. When no data is returned or the data returned is inconsistent with expectations, the shell breaking system fault warning will be automatically reported. The fault classification includes: shell failure warning, hammer head descending failure, hammer head return failure, shell too soft warning, shell too hard warning, etc. For the shell failure warning, the discharge port needs to be manually re-drilled. The failure of the hammer head to descend and the failure of the hammer head to return may be caused by the failure of the cylinder solenoid valve control circuit, cylinder failure, hammer head long bag failure, displacement sensor failure, etc. The maintenance personnel need to further analyze the cause according to the actual situation. The shell too soft warning and the shell too hard warning are fed back to the slot control machine to adjust and optimize the shell waiting time before shell detection.

[0072] The specific implementation method of the present invention;

[0073] The shell detection unit in the control device of the present invention uses a shell detection method for aluminum electrolytic cells that uses the above technical solution to realize an intelligent shell breaking system. This method actively detects the location of the crust by lowering the hammer head at a low speed, and comprehensively infers the current crust height by combining the aluminum level of the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte level, and the distance between the hammer head and the bottom of the cell issued by the cell control machine. Then, the shell breaking target depth is automatically set according to the current crust height, and the depth of the hammer head entering the electrolyte is accurately controlled. The method further specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] The control device is combined with the feeding control of the slot control machine. During the period when the slot control machine stops feeding when changing poles, the shell breaking is stopped for a period of time. After the shell surface becomes hard, the shell detection instruction is sent to the intelligent shell breaking system. After receiving the instruction, the intelligent shell breaking system starts to execute the following steps to complete the shell detection:

[0075] Step 1: Wait for the shell detection instruction to be effective: judge the shell detection instruction every 1ms. If the shell detection instruction is effective, go to step 2, otherwise, wait for the shell detection instruction to be effective in a loop;

[0076] Step 2: Overcoming the initial locking force: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the electrical proportional valve to set the air pressure to 0 MPa, outputs a hammer head descending instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01 MPa every 10 ms until the air intake pressure in the upper chamber of the cylinder overcomes the initial locking force of the cylinder. After the hammer head begins to descend, the pressurization ends and step 3 begins;

[0077] Step 3: Reverse deceleration, and lower the hammer head at a low speed: When the hammer head is detected to have dropped more than 5 cm, the control device outputs a hammer head return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01 MPa every 10 ms until the hammer head drops less than 5 cm / s, and sets the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve to 0.1 MPa. The control device outputs a hammer head drop command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, controls the hammer head to drop at a low speed, and starts step 4;

[0078] Step 4: Wait for the hammer to stop when it encounters a crust: The real-time stroke of the hammer is determined every 1ms. If the hammer stroke does not exceed (estimated crust position + 10cm) and the hammer descent speed is less than 1cm / s for a cumulative period of 1s, it is determined that the hammer stops descending when it encounters a crust, and the crust detection depth is output equal to the current hammer stroke, and the process goes to step 5. Otherwise, if the hammer stroke exceeds (estimated crust position + 10cm), it is determined that the crust is too soft, and the hammer fails to stop within the estimated range, and the process goes to step 6.

[0079] The estimated crust location is calculated by the following formula:

[0080] Estimated crust position = distance between hammer head and tank bottom - (electrolyte level + aluminum level)

[0081] Wherein: the distance between the hammer head and the bottom of the tank is measured once a month, the electrolyte level and the aluminum level are measured once a day, and are sent by the tank control machine to the intelligent shelling control device.

[0082] Step 5: Increase the intake pressure, and the hammer returns after the crust is moderately hard: control the electrical proportional valve to increase the pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms. When it is detected that the hammer stroke exceeds (crust detection depth + 10cm), output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and set the electrical proportional valve pressure to 0.3MPa. Wait for 2s until the hammer returns and then go to step 7; otherwise, when the electrical proportional valve pressure exceeds 0.8MPa for more than 3s, it is judged that the crust is too hard and the maximum pressure has not been pressed through, and go to step 8;

[0083] Step 6: The crust is too soft and the hammer fails to stop within the estimated range: push the crust too soft flag to the slot control machine, and output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve. After the hammer returns, the shell detection ends, and the shell setting depth is output to be equal to the estimated crust position, and return to step 1 to wait for the next shell detection command to be effective. After the slot control machine receives the crust too soft flag, it appropriately increases the crust waiting time.

[0084] Step 7: If the detection depth is not within the estimated range, there may be a hammer stuck, and another detection is performed: After the hammer returns, when the maximum stroke of the hammer exceeds the estimated crust position and the crust detection depth is within the range of (estimated crust position ± 10cm), the current shell detection is terminated, and the output shell setting depth is equal to the crust detection depth, and the step returns to step 1 to wait for the next shell detection instruction to be effective. Otherwise, it is judged that the crust detection depth is not within the estimated range and there may be a hammer stuck, and the step returns to step 2 to execute the shell detection program again.

[0085] Step 8: The crust is too hard and the maximum pressure is not enough to press through: push the crust too hard flag to the slot control machine, and output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve at the same time. After the hammer returns, the shell breaking command is output and valid, and the shell breaking subroutine is called to end the shell detection. The shell breaking setting depth is output to be equal to the crust detection depth, and return to step 1 to wait for the next shell detection command to be valid. After the slot control machine receives the crust too hard flag, it appropriately shortens the crust waiting time. After receiving the shell breaking command, the shell breaking subroutine executes the shell breaking until the crust is broken through.

[0086] The shelling unit in the control device of the present invention is a shelling method for aluminum electrolytic cells that utilizes the above technical solution to realize an intelligent shelling system. The method accurately determines whether the shell surface is broken through by real-time monitoring of the position change of the hammer head. If it is determined that the feed port is blocked and the crust is too hard to be broken through, the cylinder pressure is increased, and the shell surface is continuously struck until the shell surface is broken through. If the shell surface is still not broken through after multiple strikes, a voice alarm is used to notify manual processing. This helps to promptly discover and deal with blockage problems, ensure the continuity and stability of the shelling process, reduce the anode effect caused by the decrease in alumina concentration due to blockage of the feed port, and improve production stability. The method further specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] Step 1: Wait for the shelling instruction to be effective: Check the shelling instruction every 1ms. If the shelling instruction is effective, go to step 2. Otherwise, loop and wait for the shelling instruction to be effective.

[0088] Step 2: Low-pressure shelling: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve to be set to 0.3MPa, outputs a hammer head descending command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and the hammer head begins to accelerate and descend. Real-time monitoring: When the hammer head stroke is less than 20cm and the hammer head speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is determined that the hammer head fails to descend. Immediately output a hammer head return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve and go to step 3. Otherwise, if the hammer head stroke is greater than 20cm, go to step 4.

[0089] Step 3: Warning of hammer head failure to descend: Output warning of hammer head failure to descend, transfer to manual processing, end this shelling after the hammer head returns, return to step 1 and wait for the shelling instruction to be effective. Warning of hammer head failure to descend may be caused by failure of the control circuit of the cylinder electromagnetic reversing valve, cylinder failure, hammer head overfill failure, displacement sensor failure, etc. Maintenance personnel need to further analyze the cause according to the actual situation.

[0090] Step 4: Return after reaching the crust: Real-time monitoring: When the hammer stroke is greater than the set depth of the crust, immediately output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and go to step 5; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than the set depth of the crust, and the hammer descending speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is determined that the crust has not been broken through and go to step 7;

[0091] Step 5 determines whether the return to the correct position and the crust is broken through: real-time monitoring: when the hammer stroke is not less than 2cm, and the hammer rising speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is determined that the hammer has failed to return and go to step 6; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, it can be determined that the hammer has returned to the correct position. After the hammer returns to the correct position, the maximum stroke of the hammer in this shell breaking process begins to be calculated. When the maximum stroke of the hammer is greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10cm, it is determined that the crust is broken through, and the cumulative number of times the crust is not broken through is reset to zero, and this shell breaking is completed, and returns to step 1 to wait for the shell breaking instruction to be valid; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, but the maximum stroke of the hammer is not greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10cm, it is determined that the crust is not broken through and go to step 7;

[0092] Step 6: Warning of hammer return failure: Output warning of hammer return failure, transfer to manual processing, end this shelling, return to step 1 and wait for the shelling instruction to be effective. Warning of hammer return failure may be caused by failure of the control circuit of the cylinder electromagnetic reversing valve, cylinder failure, hammer head long bag failure, displacement sensor failure, etc. Maintenance personnel need to further analyze the cause according to the actual situation.

[0093] Step 7: If the crust is not broken through, change to high-pressure crust breaking: output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, output the electrical signal to control the air pressure value of the electrical proportional valve to 0.8MPa, and when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, it can be determined that the hammer has returned to its position; after the hammer returns to its position, the cumulative number of times the crust is not broken through is increased by 1, and when the cumulative number of times the crust is not broken through exceeds 3 times, it is determined as high-pressure failure to break through and go to step 8; otherwise, the cumulative number of times the crust is not broken through does not exceed 3 times, go to step 2 but keep the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve at 0.8MPa, and perform high-pressure crust breaking.

[0094] Step 8: If the high pressure fails to break through for three consecutive times, a warning of unbreakable crust is issued, and the process is transferred to manual processing: the warning of unbreakable crust is issued and the cumulative number of unbreakable crusts is reset to zero, the current shelling is ended, and the process returns to step 1 to wait for the shelling instruction to be effective. The warning of unbreakable crust may be caused by the crust being too hard, the hammer head having a bag failure, etc., and the on-site personnel need to make further appropriate disposal according to the actual situation.

[0095] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent shelling system for automatically tracking the shelling position of an aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cell control machine, a control device, an intelligent shelling cylinder, an electromagnetic reversing valve and an electric proportional valve, wherein the cell control machine establishes a communication connection with the control device, and the control device establishes a communication connection with the intelligent shelling cylinder, the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electric proportional valve respectively, and the intelligent shelling cylinder is also connected with the electromagnetic reversing valve and the electric proportional valve, characterized in that ； The intelligent shell-breaking cylinder comprises a shell-breaking cylinder (1), a shell-breaking hammer head (2), a sealing guide sleeve (3), a tie rod type linear displacement sensor (4) and a connecting rod (5) for fixing the tie rod and the cylinder piston rod head. The tie rod type linear displacement sensor (4) comprises a tie rod type linear displacement sensor tie rod (4.1) and a piston with a sliding plate (4.2); The control device is used to realize the control algorithm and the automatic control of the shell breaking process. The control device comprises a shell breaking unit and a shell probing unit. The shell breaking control algorithm is set in the shell breaking unit, and the shell probing control algorithm is set in the shell probing unit. After the control device receives the shell breaking instruction or the shell probing instruction sent by the slot control machine, the control device collects data from the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4), performs real-time analysis and processing on the data collected by the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4), extracts the hammer stroke information for use in the shell breaking unit or the shell probing unit, and obtains the hammer stroke information through the shell breaking control algorithm or the shell probing control algorithm. When receiving the cylinder control instruction, the control device sends a control instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve, controls the electromagnetic reversing valve to allow compressed air to enter the shell breaking cylinder (1), pushes the cylinder piston rod to drive the shell breaking hammer head (2) to move up and down, and at the same time, the cylinder piston rod drives the pull rod type linear displacement sensor pull rod (4.1) to move up and down through the fixed pull rod and the connecting rod (5) at the cylinder piston rod head. The control device determines the real-time position of the shell breaking hammer head (2) through the resistance value of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4), and sends an electrical signal to the electrical proportional valve to control the cylinder intake pressure; The shelling cylinder (1) and the shelling hammer (2) are used as shelling actuators for shelling operations, and the shelling cylinder (1) and the shelling hammer (2) execute shelling commands of a control device; The pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4) also includes a guide cylinder, a sliding resistance element arranged linearly along the guide cylinder, the sliding piece follows the pull rod and continuously reciprocates along the resistance element, and the resistance value of the resistance element changes with the change of the pull rod position, the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4) is installed in parallel on the side of the shell breaking cylinder (1), the head of the pull rod (4.1) of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor and the head of the cylinder piston rod are connected and fixed by a connecting rod (5) that fixes the pull rod and the head of the cylinder piston rod, so that the pull rod of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor follows the movement of the cylinder piston rod and reciprocates synchronously, and the sensor resistance feedback signal is connected to the resistance acquisition port of the control device by a signal cable, and the control device monitors the hammer head stroke in real time; The control device is installed in the electric control cabinet on the column surface of the flue end. The control device collects data from the pull-rod type linear displacement sensor (4), performs real-time analysis and processing on the collected data from the pull-rod type linear displacement sensor (4), and extracts hammer stroke information including: The control device collects the hammer displacement S(k) of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4) every ∆t time, k=0, 1, 2⋯n, where k represents the number of collections, S(k) represents the hammer displacement collected for the kth time, and calculates the hammer movement speed v(k), and the formula is as follows: v(k)=( S(k)- S(k-1) ) / ∆t ; Where: ---- v(k) current hammer speed; ---- S(k) current acquisition displacement; ---- S(k-1) displacement of the last acquisition; ---- ∆t is the time interval between two displacement acquisitions; Shelling unit 1, including: Determine the effective unit of shell breaking instruction: Determine the shell breaking instruction once every 1ms. If the shell breaking instruction is effective, switch to low-voltage shell breaking unit, otherwise, loop and wait for the shell breaking instruction to be effective. Low-pressure shell breaking unit 2: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the electrical proportional valve to set the air pressure to 0.3MPa, outputs a hammer head descending command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and the hammer head begins to accelerate and descend. Real-time monitoring is performed. When the hammer head stroke is less than 20cm and the hammer head speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is judged as a hammer head descent failure. The hammer head return command is output to the electromagnetic reversing valve and then transferred to the hammer head descent failure warning unit. Otherwise, if the hammer head stroke is greater than 20cm, it will be transferred to the return unit after reaching the shell. Hammer head descending failure warning unit 3: output hammer head descending failure warning, transfer to manual processing, end the shelling after the hammer head returns, return to the shelling instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shelling instruction to be valid; After reaching the crust, return unit 4: real-time monitoring, when the hammer stroke is greater than the shell setting depth, immediately output the hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and turn to the judgment unit of whether the crust is broken through or not; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than the shell setting depth, and the hammer descending speed is less than 2cm / s for more than 3s, it is judged that the crust is not broken through and turns to the crust not broken through unit; Unit 5 for judging whether the return is in place and the crust is broken through: real-time monitoring: when the hammer stroke is not less than 2 cm, and the rising speed of the hammer is less than 2 cm / s for more than 3 seconds, it is judged that the hammer has failed to return and the process is transferred to the warning unit for the hammer return failure; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2 cm, it can be judged that the hammer has returned to place. After the hammer has returned to place, the maximum stroke of the hammer in this shell breaking process is calculated. When the maximum stroke of the hammer is greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10 cm, it is judged that the crust is broken through, and the cumulative number of times the crust is not broken through is reset to zero, and the shell breaking is completed. The process returns to the judging unit for determining the validity of the shell breaking instruction and waits for the shell breaking instruction to be valid; otherwise, when the hammer stroke is less than 2 cm, but the maximum stroke of the hammer is not greater than the shell breaking set depth + 10 cm, it is judged that the crust is not broken through and the process is transferred to the unit for judging the validity of the shell breaking instruction; Hammer head return failure warning unit 6: output hammer head return failure warning, transfer to manual processing, end this shelling, return to the shelling instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shelling instruction to be valid; Knot shell failure unit 7: Knot shell failure, change to high pressure shell breaking, output hammer return command to electromagnetic reversing valve, output electrical signal to control the electrical proportional valve air pressure value to 0.8MPa, when the hammer stroke is less than 2cm, it can be determined that the hammer has returned to the position; after the hammer returns to the position, the cumulative number of unbreakable shells increases by 1, when the cumulative number of unbreakable shells exceeds 3 times, it is determined as high pressure unbreakable and transferred to high pressure unbreakable processing unit; otherwise, the cumulative number of unbreakable shells does not exceed 3 times, transfer to low pressure shell breaking unit, but the electrical proportional valve air pressure is kept at 0.8MPa, and high pressure shell breaking is performed; The high-pressure unbreakable processing unit 8, if the high-pressure is not broken through for three consecutive times, sends a warning of unbreakable shell, and transfers to manual processing, outputs the warning of unbreakable shell and transfers to manual processing, the cumulative number of unbreakable shell is cleared, and the shell is finished. Return to the shell instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the shell instruction to be valid; Shell exploration unit, including: The shell exploration instruction validity judgment unit: the shell exploration instruction is judged every 1ms. If the shell exploration instruction is valid, the initial locking force is overcome. Otherwise, the shell exploration instruction is looped and waited for to be valid. Overcoming the initial locking force unit: The control device outputs an electrical signal to control the electrical proportional valve to set the air pressure to 0MPa, outputs a hammer head descending instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms until the air intake pressure in the upper chamber of the cylinder overcomes the initial locking force of the cylinder. After the hammer head begins to descend, the pressurization ends and the reverse deceleration and low-speed descent of the hammer head unit begins. Reverse deceleration and low-speed descent of the hammer unit: When it is detected that the hammer has dropped more than 5cm, the control device outputs a hammer return command to the electromagnetic reversing valve, and then controls the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms until the hammer drops less than 5cm / s. The air pressure of the electrical proportional valve is set to 0.1MPa, and the control device outputs a hammer drop command to the electromagnetic reversing valve to control the hammer to drop at a low speed, and starts to execute the judgment unit for the hammer to stop when it encounters a crust; The unit for judging whether the hammer head stops when encountering a crust: the real-time stroke of the hammer head is judged every 1ms. If the stroke of the hammer head does not exceed the estimated crust position + 10cm, and the descending speed of the hammer head is less than 1cm / s for a cumulative period of 1s, it is judged that the hammer head stops descending when encountering a crust, and the crust detection depth is output to be equal to the current hammer head stroke, and the unit for increasing the air intake pressure is turned. Otherwise, when it is monitored that the hammer head stroke exceeds the estimated crust position + 10cm, it is judged that the crust is too soft and the hammer head fails to stop within the estimated range, and the unit for processing the hammer head failing to stop within the estimated range is turned; The estimated crust position is calculated by the following formula: Estimated crust position = distance between hammer head and tank bottom - (electrolyte level + aluminum level) In the formula: the distance between the hammer head and the bottom of the tank is measured once a month, the electrolyte level and the aluminum level are measured once a day, and are sent by the tank control machine to the intelligent shelling control device; Increase the air intake pressure unit, and when the crust hardness is moderate, the hammer head returns after the crust is pressed through. Control the electrical proportional valve to increase the air pressure by 0.01MPa every 10ms. When it is detected that the hammer head stroke exceeds the output hammer head return instruction to the electromagnetic reversing valve, the air pressure of the electrical proportional valve is set to 0.3MPa, wait for 2s until the hammer head returns, and then turn to the hammer head judgment unit; otherwise, when the electrical proportional valve air pressure is monitored to exceed 0.8MPa for more than 3s, it is judged that the crust is too hard, the maximum pressure is not pressed through, and the maximum pressure is not pressed through processing unit is turned; If the hammer fails to stop within the estimated range, the processing unit stops: the crust is too soft flag is pushed to the slot control machine, and the hammer return command is output to the electromagnetic reversing valve. After the hammer returns, the shell exploration ends, and the shell setting depth is output to be equal to the estimated crust position. The shell exploration command validity unit is returned to wait for the next shell exploration command to be valid. After the slot control machine receives the crust is too soft flag, the crust waiting time is appropriately increased; The hammer head is stuck and if the detection depth is not within the estimated range, the hammer head is stuck. The hammer head is probed again. After the hammer head returns, when the maximum stroke of the hammer head exceeds the estimated crust position and the crust detection depth is within the estimated crust position ±10cm, the shell detection is terminated, and the shell setting depth is output to be equal to the crust detection depth. The shell detection instruction is returned to the shell detection instruction validity judgment unit to wait for the next shell detection instruction to be valid. Otherwise, it is judged that the crust detection depth is not within the estimated range and there may be a hammer head stuck. The shell detection procedure is executed again by returning to the overcoming initial locking force unit. The maximum pressure cannot press through the processing unit. The crust is too hard. The maximum pressure cannot press through. The crust is too hard flag is pushed to the slot control machine. At the same time, the hammer head returns the command to the electromagnetic reversing valve. After the hammer head returns, the shell breaking command is output and the shell breaking subroutine is called to end the shell detection. The output shell breaking set depth is equal to the crust detection depth. The shell detection command validity unit is returned to wait for the next shell detection command to be valid. After the slot control machine receives the crust too hard flag, the crust waiting time is appropriately shortened. After the shell breaking subroutine receives the shell breaking command valid, it executes shell breaking until the crust is broken through.

2. The intelligent crusting system for automatically tracking the crusting position for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sealing guide sleeve (3) comprises a dust cover and a guide sleeve, and is installed below the shell breaking cylinder (1) to assist the device in ensuring the vertical linear motion of the hammer head (2). The bottom of the sealing guide sleeve (3) can scrape off electrolyte adhering to the hammer head. The top of the sealing guide sleeve (3) is provided with a sealing guide sleeve sealing cover (3.1). The sealing guide sleeve sealing cover (3.1) is used to seal and protect the piston rod of the shell breaking cylinder, the piston rod of the pull rod type linear displacement sensor (4), and the connection part of the connecting rod (5) between the fixed pull rod and the cylinder piston rod head.

3. The intelligent crusting system for automatically tracking the crusting position for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electromagnetic reversing valve is installed above the shell breaking cylinder (1) to control the reversing action of the shell breaking cylinder (1).

4. The intelligent crusting system for automatically tracking the crusting position for aluminum electrolytic cells according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric proportional valve is used for steplessly controlling the air pressure in proportion to the electric signal and is installed at the air inlet pipe interface of the shell breaking cylinder (1) to control the air inlet pressure of the shell breaking cylinder (1).

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