A self-powered monitoring device and method for a transmission line

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-powered monitoring device and method for power transmission lines. The device includes a TENG (Telecommunication Engineering) (TENG) energy extraction device, a power management module, and a monitoring module. The TENG energy extraction device is used to capture vibration energy in multiple directions of the power transmission line and convert it into electrical energy. The power management module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the TENG energy extraction device and to power the monitoring module. The monitoring module is used to sense the environmental status information of the power transmission line and send the sensed environmental status information to the backend for processing and analysis. The TENG energy extraction device includes a base shaft and a plurality of power generation sub-cavities arranged in a circumferential array around the base shaft. Each power generation sub-cavity is provided with an upper electrode and a lower electrode facing each other, and a power generation vibrator is provided between the upper and lower electrodes. The present invention can capture vibration energy in any direction perpendicular to the power transmission line, realizing self-driven monitoring of the power transmission line.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power transmission line monitoring, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring power transmission line self-power supply. Background Art

[0002] Energy is a crucial material foundation for a country's economic and social development. In recent years, my country's energy consumption demand has been growing, and its dependence on the power system has also gradually increased. By the end of 2022, the length of 220 kV and above transmission lines in the national power grid reached 880,000 kilometers, a 2.6% increase over the previous year; interregional power transmission reached 767.4 billion kWh, a 7.3% increase over the previous year. With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, more wireless sensor network nodes are needed on transmission lines to meet the needs of real-time monitoring of transmission line operating status. However, most existing wireless sensor network nodes rely on direct power supply from chemical batteries, which have problems such as short service life, environmental pollution, and the need for regular replacement and maintenance.

[0003] Nanogenerators, as a means of harvesting ambient energy, have experienced rapid development in recent years and have found practical applications in a variety of scenarios, including blue energy, smart sensing, and connected vehicles. Therefore, it is feasible to apply nanogenerators to harvest vibration energy from power transmission lines and power nodes in wireless sensor networks for the Internet of Things.

[0004] In a real-world environment, when a breeze flows over the surface of a transmission line, vortices form behind it. As these vortices alternately shed from both sides of the transmission line, they create an alternating, periodic excitation force, causing the line to vibrate periodically. Furthermore, the direction of wind in natural conditions is random, and conventional nanogenerators can only capture energy from a single direction, significantly reducing their efficiency. Therefore, effectively capturing the multi-directional vibration energy of transmission lines is a bottleneck that researchers in this field urgently need to address. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered monitoring device and method for a transmission line, so as to effectively capture the vibration energy of the transmission line in multiple directions and realize self-driven monitoring of the transmission line.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a self-powered monitoring device for a transmission line, comprising a TENG energy harvesting device, a power management module, and a monitoring module. The TENG energy harvesting device is used to capture vibration energy in multiple directions of the transmission line and convert it into electrical energy; the power management module is used to store the electrical energy generated by the TENG energy harvesting device and perform low-power processing on it, and is used to power the monitoring module; the monitoring module is used to sense environmental status information of the transmission line and send the sensed environmental status information to the background for processing and analysis;

[0008] The TENG energy extraction device includes a base shaft and a plurality of power generation sub-cavities arranged in an array along the circumferential direction around the base shaft. Each power generation sub-cavity is provided with an upper electrode and a lower electrode relative to each other, and a power generation vibrator is provided between the upper electrode and the lower electrode.

[0009] Furthermore, the TENG energy extraction device includes a power generation cylinder, which is connected to the base shaft. The cavity formed between the power generation cylinder and the base shaft is divided into multiple power generation cavities along the circumferential direction, and each power generation cavity is divided into several power generation sub-cavities along the axial direction. A hole is opened at the position of the power generation cylinder wall corresponding to each power generation sub-cavity, and a baffle is covered above the hole of each power generation sub-cavity. An upper electrode is provided on the inner side of the baffle corresponding to the position of each hole, and a lower electrode is provided on the outer side of the base shaft corresponding to the position of each hole.

[0010] Furthermore, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are made of conductive metal materials, and the power generating vibrator is made of dielectric materials.

[0011] Furthermore, an upper dielectric layer is provided on the outside of the upper electrode, and a lower dielectric layer is provided on the outside of the lower electrode. The upper electrode and the lower electrode are made of conductive metal materials, the power generating vibrator is made of dielectric materials, and the upper dielectric layer and the lower dielectric layer are made of dielectric materials having an electrical polarity different from that of the power generating vibrator.

[0012] Furthermore, a buffer layer is provided between the baffle and the upper electrode, and between the base shaft and the lower electrode.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission line self-powered monitoring device also includes a square shell, and the TENG energy acquisition device, power management module and monitoring module are all installed in the square shell, and the square shell is installed on the transmission line.

[0014] Furthermore, the monitoring module includes a temperature sensor, a vibration sensor, a current sensor and a wireless transmitter, and the temperature sensor, vibration sensor and current sensor send the sensed signals to the background via the wireless transmitter.

[0015] Furthermore, the power management module includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of capacitors and a battery module. A timer module is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module. The timer module includes a switch circuit and a time relay.

[0016] Optionally, the power management module includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of a capacitor, and a battery module. A diode reverse conduction trigger circuit is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module. The diode reverse conduction trigger circuit includes a P-type unijunction transistor and a reverse diode. The two bases of the P-type unijunction transistor are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor and the battery module, the emitter of the P-type unijunction transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the reverse diode is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor.

[0017] Optionally, the power management module includes a rectifier module, a filter module and a voltage stabilization module. The rectifier module is used to convert the AC power signal output by the TENG energy extraction device into a DC pulse power signal; the filter module is used to perform secondary processing on the rectified power signal to filter out redundant power signals; the voltage stabilization module is used to stabilize the filtered voltage at the required actual voltage value, and directly supply the stabilized voltage to the monitoring module.

[0018] Optionally, the power management module includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of a capacitor C1 and a self-switch module, the self-switch module includes a peak detection module, a comparator module and a switch module, the peak detection module includes a diode D5 and a peak detection capacitor C in The comparator module includes a PNP transistor Q1, the switch module includes a cut-off diode D6 and an NPN transistor Q2, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the peak detection capacitor C in One end is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the peak detection capacitor C in The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the peak detection capacitor C in The connection point is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q1, the base of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the anode of the cut-off diode D6, the collector of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q2, the collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the cut-off diode D6, and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the monitoring module.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for monitoring self-power supply of a transmission line, which is implemented using the self-power supply monitoring device for a transmission line according to the first aspect, and the method comprises:

[0020] The self-powered monitoring device is installed on the transmission line. When the transmission line vibrates, the TENG energy harvesting device captures the vibration energy in multiple directions of the transmission line and converts it into electrical energy.

[0021] The power management module stores the electric energy generated by the TENG energy extraction device and performs low-power processing on the electric energy to power the monitoring module;

[0022] The monitoring module senses the environmental status information of the power transmission line and sends the sensed environmental status information to the background for processing and analysis.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The present invention collects the energy generated by the vibration of the transmission line through the TENG energy harvesting device and stores the electric energy generated by the TENG energy harvesting device through the power management module, and provides the electric energy to the current, temperature, vibration and other sensors after low-power processing. The current, temperature and vibration sensors sense the environmental status data of the transmission line and send the collected data to the background for data processing via the wireless transmitting device, thereby realizing self-driven monitoring of the transmission line.

[0025] The transmission line self-powered monitoring device proposed in the present invention can capture vibration energy in any direction perpendicular to the transmission line by arranging generating vibrators in various circumferential directions, thereby realizing omnidirectional vibration energy collection of the transmission line and effectively improving the energy collection efficiency.

[0026] The present invention proposes a relatively novel and feasible solution for capturing multi-directional vibration energy of transmission lines, and provides a reliable new idea and new direction for the design of self-powered monitoring systems for transmission line wireless sensor network nodes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure decomposition of a transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a TENG energy extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a TENG energy extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-section of a TENG energy extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the conductive-dielectric electrode structure of the triboelectric power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the dielectric-dielectric electrode structure of the triboelectric power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 A circuit diagram of a power management module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 A circuit diagram of a power management module according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 A circuit diagram of a power management module according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 A circuit diagram of a power management module according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a technical roadmap for a method for monitoring self-powered transmission lines according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 100, TENG energy harvesting device; 110, power generation cavity; 120, power generation vibrator; 130, electrode pair; 131, upper electrode; 132, lower electrode; 133, buffer layer; 134, upper dielectric layer; 135, lower dielectric layer; 140, baffle; 150, base shaft; 160, first shell; 170, power generation tube; 180, hole; 200, square shell; 300, power management module; 400, monitoring module; 410, temperature sensor; 420, vibration sensor; 430, current sensor; 440, wireless transmitter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a transmission line self-powered monitoring device, including a TENG energy extraction device 100, a square housing 200, a power management module 300 and a monitoring module 400.

[0041] Among them, the TENG energy harvesting device 100 , the power management module 300 and the monitoring module 400 are arranged together and connected inside the square housing 200 .

[0042] The square housing 200 is used to encapsulate the entire device and to connect to the power transmission line. Specifically, clamping structures are provided at both ends of the square housing 200, and the self-powered monitoring device can be installed on the power transmission line through the clamping structures.

[0043] The TENG energy harvesting device 100 is used to capture the vibration energy of the transmission line in multiple directions and convert it into electrical energy;

[0044] The power management module 300 is used to store the electrical energy generated by the TENG energy extraction device 100 and perform low-power processing on it, as well as to power the monitoring module 400;

[0045] The monitoring module 400 is used to sense the environmental status information of the transmission line and send the sensed environmental status information to the background for processing and analysis, thereby realizing self-driven monitoring of the transmission line.

[0046] The TENG energy harvesting device 100 adopts a vertical contact-separation independent layer structure.

[0047] like Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the TENG energy extraction device 100 includes a first shell 160 , a base shaft 150 and a power generation cylinder 170 .

[0048] The first housing 160 is used to encapsulate the TENG energy extraction device 100. The base shaft 150 and the generator cylinder 170 are installed in the first housing 160.

[0049] The power-generating cylinder 170 is connected to the base shaft 150. The cavity formed between the power-generating cylinder 170 and the base shaft 150 is divided into eight power-generating chambers along the circumferential direction by eight first partitions (not shown in the figure). Each power-generating chamber is divided into several power-generating chambers 110 along the axial direction by several second partitions (not shown in the figure). A hole 180 is opened at the position of the power-generating cylinder 170 wall corresponding to each power-generating chamber 110. A baffle 140 is covered above the hole 180 of each power-generating chamber 110. An electrode pair 130 is provided on the inner side of the baffle 140 corresponding to the position of each power-generating chamber 110 and on the outer side of the base shaft 150 corresponding to the position of each power-generating chamber 110. A power-generating vibrator 120 is provided in each power-generating chamber 110. The power-generating vibrator 120 is located between the electrode pair 130. The power-generating vibrator 120 can vibrate freely in the power-generating chamber 110. The power-generating chamber 110 limits the freedom of the power-generating vibrator 120 so that it can only move along the radial direction.

[0050] The light-emitting sub-cavities 110 are arrayed in eight circumferential directions, which can capture vibration energy in any direction perpendicular to the transmission line, thereby realizing omnidirectional vibration energy collection of the transmission line.

[0051] A plurality of power generating vibrators 120 are respectively arranged in various directions, that is, the power generating vibrators 120 are arranged in an axial array, which can improve the output power density of the device and improve the electromechanical conversion efficiency.

[0052] When the transmission line vibrates periodically due to wind, the generator vibrator 120 in the vibrating direction responds by vibrating. Simultaneously, generator vibrators 120 in other directions also respond with varying degrees of intensity. During this response, the generator vibrators 120 periodically collide with the electrode pairs 130, achieving power generation.

[0053] In one embodiment, the electrode pair 130 is a dielectric-dielectric material structure. Figure 5 As shown, a buffer layer 133, an upper electrode 131 and an upper dielectric layer 134 are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside at the position corresponding to each light-emitting sub-cavity 110 on the inner side of the baffle 140, and a buffer layer 133, a lower electrode 132 and a lower dielectric layer 135 are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside at the position corresponding to each light-emitting sub-cavity 110 on the outer side of the base shaft 150.

[0054] The upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132 are made of a conductive metal material, such as copper or aluminum. The power generating vibrator 120 is made of a dielectric material, and the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135 are made of a dielectric material having a different electrical polarity from that of the power generating vibrator 120. The greater the difference in electrical polarity between the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135 relative to the power generating vibrator 120, the better the power generation effect.

[0055] The dielectric materials of the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135 may be the same or different.

[0056] Dielectric materials are polymer materials with triboelectric effect and different electrical polarities, such as nylon, Kapton (polyimide), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc.

[0057] When the transmission line vibrates, it causes the generator oscillator 120 to vibrate within the generator cavity 110, causing the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135 to come into contact with the generator oscillator 120. Due to the difference in electrical polarity, the generator oscillator 120 and the dielectric layers (including the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135) will each carry equal amounts of opposite charges due to the contact electrification effect. Specifically, as the generator oscillator 120 moves, the air gap between the generator oscillator 120 and the dielectric layers (including the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135) changes with the oscillation of the generator oscillator 120. Due to electrostatic induction, a potential difference will be generated between the upper dielectric layer 134 and the lower dielectric layer 135. In order to balance the potential difference, all positive charges will be attracted to one of the electrodes (taking the upper electrode 131 as an example). At this time, all negative charges will remain on the power generating vibrator 120. Then, the negatively charged power generating vibrator 120 will move to the lower electrode 132. Through electrostatic induction, the charge on the surface of the lower electrode 132 will change, generating an instantaneous current. When the power generating vibrator 120 contacts the lower dielectric layer 135, all positive charges will appear on the lower dielectric layer 135, and the charge on the surface of the lower electrode 132 will change, followed by a reverse current. Until the power generating vibrator 120 returns to its initial position, a cycle ends.

[0058] In another embodiment, the electrode pair 130 is made of a conductive-dielectric material structure. Figure 6 As shown, a buffer layer 133 and an upper electrode 131 are sequentially provided from the outside to the inside at the position corresponding to each light-emitting sub-cavity 110 on the inner side of the baffle 140, and a buffer layer 133 and a lower electrode 132 are sequentially provided from the inside to the outside at the position corresponding to each light-emitting sub-cavity 110 on the outer side of the base shaft 150.

[0059] The upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132 are made of conductive metal materials, such as copper, aluminum, etc. The power generating vibrator 120 is made of dielectric materials, such as nylon, Kapton (polyimide), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), etc.

[0060] When the transmission line vibrates, it induces the generator 120 to vibrate within the generator cavity 110, causing the electrode pair 130 (comprising the upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132) to come into contact with the generator 120. Due to the difference in electrical polarity, the generator 120 and the electrode pair 130 (comprising the upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132) acquire equal amounts of opposite charges due to the contact electrification effect. Specifically, as the generator 120 moves, the air gap between the generator 120 and the electrode pair 130 (comprising the upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132) changes with the generator 120's oscillation. Due to electrostatic induction, a potential difference develops between the upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132. To balance this potential difference, positive charge is transferred directly from the upper electrode 131 to the lower electrode 132, generating a transient current in the external load. When the generator 120 and the upper electrode 131 come into contact, electrostatic equilibrium is achieved, and the voltage reaches its maximum saturation value. Similarly, when the generator oscillator 120 moves downward in response to vibrational excitation, positive charge flows from the lower electrode back to the upper electrode. In summary, when the device vibrates periodically under external excitation, the induced charge in the electrode pair 130 flows in the external circuit, thereby outputting an AC signal of the same frequency. At this point, the upper electrode 131 and the lower electrode 132 function both as triboelectric generators and conductors.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring module 400 includes a temperature sensor 410, a vibration sensor 420, a current sensor 430, and a wireless transmitter 440. The temperature sensor 410 is mounted on the upper portion of the square housing 200, the vibration sensor 420 is connected to the power management module 300, and the current sensor 430 and the wireless transmitter 440 are mounted on the left side of the interior of the square housing 200.

[0062] The temperature sensor 410, vibration sensor 420, and current sensor 430 are used to collect temperature signals, vibration signals, and current signals around the transmission line, respectively, and transmit the collected signals to the backend via the wireless transmitter 440. The vibration signal includes vibration frequency and amplitude.

[0063] Each of the aforementioned sensors primarily consists of a single-chip microcontroller (MCU) and a sensor module (current acquisition module, temperature acquisition module, and accelerometer module). The MCU's primary function is to reduce power consumption by adopting a "work + sleep" cycle, with periodic wake-up cycles. For example, it monitors and uploads data every five minutes, then immediately enters sleep mode and waits for the next data collection and reporting time. The current acquisition module primarily consists of a current sensor chip and coil, the temperature acquisition module primarily comprises a temperature sensor chip and probe, and the vibration acquisition module utilizes an accelerometer chip.

[0064] The wireless transmitter 440 uses the LoRa module as an independent module. During the selection and design of the system, the overall power consumption requirement is controlled within 450μW to meet the power supply requirement of the power generation unit.

[0065] For low-power data transmission, LoRa wireless communication technology is used. Using a 2.4 GHz frequency, vibration, temperature, and current data stored in the microcontroller are transmitted to the receiving node. By adjusting the chip's transmit power, a balance can be achieved between transmission distance and power consumption. Furthermore, LoRa communication technology supports networking of multiple sensor modules, enabling simultaneous measurement and data transmission.

[0066] Wireless communication methods include built-in 5G / NB-IOT communication modules 23 (such as 5G, NB-IOT) in sensors, 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G, WIFI, Bluetooth, Lora, Lorawan, Zigbee, etc. The data monitored by the sensors are uploaded to the IoT cloud platform to achieve self-powered monitoring of the transmission line status.

[0067] In one embodiment, the power management module 300, which features a highly efficient energy capture and conversion mechanism, is systematically optimized for the transmission line self-powered monitoring device. Under the actual operating conditions of the nanogenerator, this module is required to extend the battery module's service life and control its operating status. Furthermore, to meet the needs of periodic transmission line monitoring, a switching circuit and a time relay are added to the power management module 300 to charge the battery module.

[0068] like Figure 7 As shown, the power management module 300 includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of capacitors and a battery module. A timer module is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module. The timer module includes a switch circuit and a time relay.

[0069] Because the power management module 300, controlled by a time relay, requires external power to trigger the on and off of the switch, resulting in energy waste, an improvement to the power management module 300 is being considered. This approach utilizes the reverse breakdown current of a diode to trigger a switch to control capacitor energy storage. When the capacitor voltage exceeds the reverse conduction voltage of the diode, the diode experiences reverse breakdown, triggering the switch. The energy storage unit formed by the capacitor then charges the battery at the back end.

[0070] Specifically, such as Figure 8As shown, the power management module 300 includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit consisting of a capacitor, and a battery module. A diode reverse conduction trigger circuit is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module. The diode reverse conduction trigger circuit includes a P-type unijunction transistor and a reverse diode. The two bases of the P-type unijunction transistor are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor and the battery module, the emitter of the P-type unijunction transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the reverse diode, and the negative electrode of the reverse diode is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor.

[0071] Taking into account the high voltage and low current output characteristics of the friction nanogenerator, and in order to cope with the inherent problem of complex circuit vibration under actual working conditions resulting in unstable output and easily causing fatigue and damage to electrical components, the power management module 300 is systematically optimized and a bidirectional voltage stabilization circuit with a voltage regulator diode is designed.

[0072] Specifically, such as Figure 9 As shown, the power management module 300 includes a rectifier module, a filter module and a voltage stabilization module. The rectifier module is used to convert the AC power signal output by the TENG energy extraction device 100 into a DC pulse power signal; the filter module is used to perform secondary processing on the rectified power signal to filter out redundant power signals; the voltage stabilization module is used to stabilize the filtered voltage at the required actual voltage value, and directly supply the stabilized voltage to the monitoring module 400.

[0073] In one embodiment, a transmission line self-powered monitoring device is systematically optimized. Based on the needs of the power grid and the characteristics of the friction nanogenerator, a supercapacitor is selected as the charging target of the TENG, and a circuit with a self-switching module is designed.

[0074] Specifically, such as Figure 10 As shown, the power management module 300 includes a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of a capacitor C1 and a self-switching module. The self-switching module includes a peak detection module, a comparator module and a switch module. The peak detection module includes a diode D5 and a peak detection capacitor C in The comparator module includes a PNP transistor Q1, the switch module includes a cut-off diode D6 and an NPN transistor Q2, the cathode of the diode D5 and the peak detection capacitor C in Connect one end of the diode D5 to the anode and peak detection capacitor C in The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D5 and the peak detection capacitor C in The connection point is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q1, the base of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the anode of the cut-off diode D6, the collector of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q2, the collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the cut-off diode D6, and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the monitoring module 400.

[0075] The TENG energy harvesting device 100 is used as the peak detection capacitor C in When the peak detection capacitor C in Once fully charged, the comparator module turns on and uses the voltage between the emitter and base of PNP transistor Q1 to determine whether it is conducting and operating, providing a trigger signal for the switch module. The switch module consists of a cutoff diode D6 and an NPN transistor Q2. Cutoff diode D6 primarily prevents energy passing through PNP transistor Q1 from flowing back into the circuit through its collector. NPN transistor Q2 is turned on primarily by using the current flowing through PNP transistor Q1 as a trigger signal. Since the collector of NPN transistor Q2 is always connected to the circuit, when the base of NPN transistor Q2 reaches the trigger signal, NPN transistor Q2 turns on and acts as a switch.

[0076] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the self-power supply of a transmission line, which is implemented using the aforementioned self-power supply monitoring device for a transmission line. Figure 11 As shown, the method includes:

[0077] The self-powered monitoring device is installed on the transmission line. When the transmission line vibrates, the TENG energy harvesting device 100 captures the vibration energy in multiple directions of the transmission line and converts it into electrical energy.

[0078] The power management module 300 stores the electric energy generated by the TENG energy harvesting device 100 and performs low-power processing on the electric energy to power the monitoring module 400;

[0079] The monitoring module 400 senses the environmental status information of the power transmission line and sends the sensed environmental status information to the background for processing and analysis.

[0080] The present invention provides a self-powered monitoring method for transmission lines. The TENG energy acquisition device captures the vibration energy of the transmission line in multiple directions and stores it in an energy storage unit. The energy stored in the energy storage unit is processed by a power management module for low power consumption. It can then be used to drive current, temperature, vibration and other sensors and transmit the data to the background through a wireless transmitter, thereby realizing self-driven monitoring of the transmission line. The collected data will be analyzed and processed by the background and used for analysis, monitoring, early warning, etc.

[0081] The present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, which are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technical solutions obtained by adopting equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation solutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered monitoring device for a transmission line, characterized in that: The invention comprises a TENG energy acquisition device (100), a power management module (300) and a monitoring module (400), wherein the TENG energy acquisition device (100) is used to capture vibration energy in multiple directions of a power transmission line and convert it into electrical energy; the power management module (300) is used to store the electrical energy generated by the TENG energy acquisition device (100) and perform low-power processing on the electrical energy, and is used to supply power to the monitoring module (400); the monitoring module (400) is used to sense environmental status information of the power transmission line and send the sensed environmental status information to a background for processing and analysis; The TENG energy extraction device (100) comprises a base shaft (150) and a plurality of power generation sub-cavities (110) arranged in an array along a circumferential direction around the base shaft (150), wherein each power generation sub-cavity (110) is provided with an upper electrode (131) and a lower electrode (132) facing each other, and a power generation vibrator (120) is provided between the upper electrode (131) and the lower electrode (132); The TENG energy extraction device (100) comprises a power generation cylinder (170), wherein the power generation cylinder (170) is connected to a base shaft (150), and a cavity formed between the power generation cylinder (170) and the base shaft (150) is divided into a plurality of power generation cavities along the circumferential direction, and each power generation cavity is divided into a plurality of power generation sub-cavities (110) along the axial direction, and a hole (180) is provided at a position of the power generation cylinder (170) corresponding to each power generation sub-cavity (110), and a baffle (140) is covered above the hole (180) of each power generation sub-cavity (110), and an upper electrode (131) is provided on the inner side of the baffle (140) at a position corresponding to each hole (180), and a lower electrode (132) is provided on the outer side of the base shaft (150) at a position corresponding to each hole (180).

2. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper electrode (131) and the lower electrode (132) are made of conductive metal material, and the power generation vibrator (120) is made of dielectric material.

3. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper dielectric layer (134) is further provided on the outer side of the upper electrode (131), and a lower dielectric layer (135) is further provided on the outer side of the lower electrode (132). The upper electrode (131) and the lower electrode (132) are made of a conductive metal material, the power generation vibrator (120) is made of a dielectric material, and the upper dielectric layer (134) and the lower dielectric layer (135) are made of a dielectric material having an electrical polarity different from that of the power generation vibrator (120).

4. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A buffer layer (133) is further provided between the baffle (140) and the upper electrode (131), and between the base shaft (150) and the lower electrode (132).

5. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a square housing (200), wherein the TENG energy extraction device (100), the power management module (300) and the monitoring module (400) are all installed in the square housing (200), and the square housing (200) is installed on a transmission line.

6. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring module (400) comprises a temperature sensor (410), a vibration sensor (420), a current sensor (430) and a wireless transmitter (440); the temperature sensor (410), the vibration sensor (420) and the current sensor (430) transmit sensed signals to a backend via the wireless transmitter (440).

7. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module (300) comprises a rectifier module, an energy storage unit consisting of a capacitor, and a battery module. A timer module is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module. The timer module comprises a switch circuit and a time relay.

8. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module (300) comprises a rectifier module, an energy storage unit consisting of a capacitor, and a battery module; a diode reverse conduction trigger circuit is connected between the energy storage unit and the battery module; the diode reverse conduction trigger circuit comprises a P-type unijunction transistor and a reverse diode; the two bases of the P-type unijunction transistor are respectively connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor and the battery module; the emitter of the P-type unijunction transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the reverse diode; and the negative electrode of the reverse diode is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor.

9. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module (300) includes a rectifier module, a filter module and a voltage stabilization module. The rectifier module is used to convert the AC signal output by the TENG energy extraction device (100) into a DC pulse electric signal; the filter module is used to perform secondary processing on the rectified electric signal to filter out redundant electric signals; the voltage stabilization module is used to stabilize the voltage after filtering at a required actual voltage value, and directly supply the stabilized voltage to the monitoring module (400).

10. The power transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module (300) comprises a rectifier module, an energy storage unit composed of a capacitor C1 and a self-switching module. The self-switching module comprises a peak detection module, a comparator module and a switch module. The peak detection module comprises a diode D5 and a peak detection capacitor C in The comparator module includes a PNP transistor Q1, the switch module includes a cut-off diode D6 and an NPN transistor Q2, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the peak detection capacitor C in One end is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the peak detection capacitor C in The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected, the cathode of the diode D5 is connected to the peak detection capacitor C in The connection point is connected to the emitter of the PNP transistor Q1, the base of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the anode of the cut-off diode D6, the collector of the PNP transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the NPN transistor Q2, the collector of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the cut-off diode D6, and the emitter of the NPN transistor Q2 is connected to the monitoring module (400).

11. A method for monitoring self-power supply of a transmission line, characterized in that: The method is implemented using the transmission line self-powered monitoring device according to claim 1, comprising: The self-powered monitoring device is installed on a transmission line, and when the transmission line vibrates, the vibration energy of the transmission line in multiple directions is captured by the TENG energy extraction device (100) and converted into electrical energy; The power management module (300) stores the electric energy generated by the TENG energy extraction device (100) and performs low-power consumption processing on the electric energy to supply power to the monitoring module (400); The monitoring module (400) senses the environmental status information of the power transmission line and sends the sensed environmental status information to the background for processing and analysis.

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