Multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and communication performance test method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of antenna equipment technology, and in particular to a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and a communication performance test method thereof, which solves the problem that the antenna can only support single-frequency communication at the same time and has low flexibility. The antenna array comprises: an antenna substrate, a circular antenna assembly, and a radio frequency signal line; the circular antenna assembly comprises a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiating unit; the feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly, and the feeding point is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna assembly; four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the angles between adjacent feeding lines are right angles; a radiating unit is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiating unit includes at least one radiating branch; in different working frequency bands, the radiating branch has different equivalent resonant lengths, and the equivalent resonant length is equal to 1 / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band. The present invention can realize multi-band radiation and reception and improve the flexibility of the antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antenna equipment, and in particular to a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and a communication performance testing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of wireless networks and the continuous advancement of technology, Wi-Fi 6 high-speed routers have been widely used, and Wi-Fi 7, as the pinnacle of the new generation of technology, has put forward higher requirements for Wi-Fi antenna performance. As a key component in wireless network communications, the performance of Wi-Fi antennas is crucial to ensuring the stability of network connections and data transmission efficiency. Traditional Wi-Fi antenna designs are often optimized for only a single frequency band or working mode, making it difficult to adapt to the increasingly complex and changing network environment and diverse user needs.

[0003] CN115051146A provides an antenna and an electronic device, the antenna comprising a metal sheet, the metal sheet is provided with a first hole, a second hole and a connecting slit connecting the first hole and the second hole, the width of the connecting slit is less than or equal to the minimum width of the first hole and the second hole; at least one resonant branch extends from the inner edge of at least one of the first hole, the second hole and the connecting slit, the equivalent extension length of the resonant branch is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength of the antenna's minimum frequency. Although the antenna can selectively apply different resonant frequencies, it can only communicate through a single frequency at the same time, and the antenna is a linearly polarized antenna and does not support circular polarization.

[0004] Therefore, a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and a communication performance test method thereof are needed to achieve multi-band radiation and reception and improve the flexibility of Wi-Fi antenna products. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problem in the prior art that the antenna can only support single frequency communication at the same time and has low flexibility, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array and a communication performance test method thereof, which can realize multi-band radiation and reception and improve the flexibility of the antenna.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, the antenna array comprising:

[0007] An antenna substrate, a plurality of circular antenna components arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines respectively connected to corresponding circular antenna components;

[0008] In each of the circular antenna assemblies:

[0009] It comprises a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiating unit; wherein the feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly, and the feeding point is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna assembly; four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point, and the angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle; one radiating unit is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiating unit comprises at least one radiating branch; under different working frequency bands, the radiating branches have different equivalent resonant lengths, and the equivalent resonant length is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band, where n is a positive integer.

[0010] Preferably, each of the radiation units comprises two radiation branches which are axially symmetrical, and the axis of symmetry is a straight line where a feeder line connected to the radiation unit is located.

[0011] Preferably, the radiation branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, a middle portion of the first branch is connected to one end of the second branch, and the other end of the second branch is connected to the feeder line of the radiation unit.

[0012] Preferably, a third branch and a fourth branch extend from the second branch.

[0013] The third branch node takes the second branch node as a symmetry axis and is located between the first branch node and the fourth branch node;

[0014] The fourth branch takes the second branch as an axis of symmetry and is located between the third branch and the feeder line connected to the radiation unit.

[0015] Preferably, the third branch is a first U-shaped branch, and the opening of the first U-shaped branch faces the first branch; the fourth branch is a second U-shaped branch, and the opening of the second U-shaped branch faces the center of the circle.

[0016] Preferably, the circular antenna assembly includes a circular PCB structure, the feeding point, feeding line, and radiation unit in the circular antenna assembly are located on the front side of the circular PCB structure, a via is provided at the center of the circular PCB structure, a feeding grounding point and a reflecting surface are provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure, the feeding grounding point is electrically connected to the feeding point through the via, the reflecting surface is circular, the center of the reflecting surface coincides with the center of the circular PCB structure, the antenna substrate is an antenna reflecting plate, and an exposed area of ​​the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure is provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure, the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflecting plate, the circular PCB structure is adhered to the antenna reflecting plate through three flame retardant patches on the back side, and the three flame retardant patches surround the center of the circular PCB structure at an angle of 120 degrees.

[0017] Preferably, the antenna substrate is in a square shape, the number of the circular antenna components is four, and the four circular antenna components are arranged in a square shape on the antenna substrate.

[0018] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication performance test method of an antenna array, wherein the antenna array is the antenna array described in the first aspect, and the method includes:

[0019] Performing a standing wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain a standing wave ratio test result of each of the circular antenna assemblies;

[0020] Performing an isolation test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain an isolation test result of the antenna array;

[0021] Performing gain and efficiency tests on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain gain and efficiency test results of each of the circular antenna assemblies;

[0022] When the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly are determined according to the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results.

[0023] Preferably, when the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result meet the preset communication performance requirements, determining the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result includes:

[0024] According to the standing wave ratio test results, the voltage standing wave ratio value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band is obtained;

[0025] Comparing each of the voltage standing wave ratio values ​​with a standing wave ratio threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;

[0026] According to the isolation test result, obtaining the isolation value between each of the circular antenna components in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range;

[0027] Comparing each of the isolation values ​​with the isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result;

[0028] According to the gain and efficiency test results, obtaining the gain value and efficiency value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band range;

[0029] Comparing each of the gain values ​​and the corresponding efficiency value with a gain value threshold and an efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result;

[0030] Determining whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result;

[0031] If unqualified, adjusting the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or the second comparison result, and / or the third comparison result, wherein the layout design includes the position of each of the circular antenna components and the physical size and shape of each of the circular antenna components;

[0032] If qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result;

[0033] According to the frequency band combination strategy, the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly are determined.

[0034] Preferably, if qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result includes:

[0035] According to the first comparison result, a first target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly is obtained, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio value corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to a standing wave ratio threshold;

[0036] According to the third comparison result, a second target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly is obtained, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain value corresponding to each frequency band in the second target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency value corresponding to each frequency band is greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold;

[0037] Acquire a third target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna assemblies according to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range;

[0038] According to the preset application scenario, a corresponding objective function is obtained, wherein the optimization objectives of the objective functions of different preset application scenarios are different, and the independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value and power of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding frequency band, and the optimization objectives include: maximizing the data transmission rate, and / or, minimizing the power consumption, and / or, maximizing the signal stability;

[0039] According to the objective function and the preset constraint condition, a frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario is acquired, wherein the preset constraint condition is acquired based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario;

[0040] The frequency band allocation model is solved according to a preset optimization algorithm to obtain a frequency band allocation solution for each preset application scenario, wherein the preset optimization algorithm includes one of a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm and a differential evolution algorithm, and the frequency band allocation strategy includes the working frequency band of each circular antenna component.

[0041] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the antenna array includes a plurality of circular antenna assemblies. By connecting an independent RF signal line to each circular antenna assembly, different circular antenna assemblies can receive electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Since each circular antenna assembly contains a radiating unit, and the radiating unit has different equivalent resonant lengths in different operating frequency bands, the radiating unit in each circular antenna assembly resonates according to the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave, thereby supporting the functions of simultaneous radiation and reception in multiple different frequency bands. This multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array covers more operating frequency bands. In addition, the number of circular antenna assemblies and RF signal lines in the antenna array can be adjusted as needed, thereby improving the flexibility and scalability of the antenna product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work, and these are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition of a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a circular antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the radiation branch of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 It is an enlarged structural diagram of the radiation branch and the feeder line connected thereto according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 It is a partial enlarged view of the feeder line connected to the radiation branch of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6It is a schematic diagram of the back layout of the circular PCB structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 It is a VSWR index test chart of the first antenna component 710 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Fig. 9 It is a VSWR index test chart of the second antenna component 720 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Fig.10 It is a VSWR index test chart of the third antenna component 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Fig.11 It is a VSWR index test chart of the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Fig.12 is the isolation degree (S) between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0055] Fig.13 is the isolation degree (S) between the first antenna component 710 and the third antenna component 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0056] Fig.14 is the isolation degree (S) between the first antenna component 710 and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0057] Fig.15 is the isolation degree (S) between the second antenna component 720 and the third antenna component 730 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0058] Fig.16 is the isolation degree (S) between the second antenna component 720 and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0059] Fig.17 is the isolation degree (S) between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate of the embodiment of the present invention. 12 ) test chart.

[0060] Fig.18It is a flow chart of a communication performance testing method of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and Examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and are not configured to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can be implemented without the need for some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is only to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the statement "include..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, which can be used in a variety of Wi-Fi products such as outdoor high-power AP (Access Point) and indoor ceiling AP. Different Wi-Fi communication standards and frequency bands (such as 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands) may be used in different application scenarios. The multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array can cover multiple frequency bands, so that the product can adapt to different communication environments and application requirements. The Wi-Fi transmitter and receiver can transmit multiple data streams simultaneously through the multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array combined with MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, thereby improving the data transmission rate and capacity.

[0065] like Figure 1 As shown, the multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array includes:

[0066] An antenna substrate 100, a plurality of circular antenna components 110 arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines 120 respectively connected to corresponding circular antenna components.

[0067] The antenna substrate can provide mechanical support and can be fixed to a mainboard or other components of a device (such as an indoor ceiling AP device) through screw holes.

[0068] In some embodiments, the antenna substrate is an antenna reflector, which can be a metal material, such as an aluminum alloy material. As a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the antenna reflector made of aluminum alloy is 1.2 mm. The antenna substrate made of metal material can dissipate heat and shield electromagnetic interference, and can also enhance the signal received by the antenna and reflect the signal sent, which helps to increase the antenna's transceiver distance, thereby improving the gain effect; the antenna reflector made of metal material can optimize the antenna's directivity, strengthen the transmission and reception direction of the signal, and thus improve the antenna's transceiver performance.

[0069] Several circular antenna components can be arranged on the antenna substrate by various feasible methods such as pasting, welding, embedding, etc.

[0070] Each circular antenna assembly 110 includes a feeding point 111, a feeding line 112, and a radiating unit 113; wherein the feeding point 111 is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly, and the feeding point 111 is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna assembly; four feeding lines 112 extend outward from the feeding point 111, and the angles between adjacent feeding lines are right angles; a radiating unit 113 is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiating unit includes at least one radiating branch; in different operating frequency bands, the radiating branches have different equivalent resonant lengths, and the equivalent resonant length is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency band, wherein n is a positive integer, and in a preferred embodiment, n is 1;

[0071] For multi-band antenna design, different n values ​​can be used to cover multiple frequency bands. The most common case is n=1, that is, the resonant length is a quarter wavelength. In some designs, the resonant length of the antenna can be half a wavelength, in which case n=2.

[0072] In the above-mentioned multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, each circular antenna assembly is the basic unit of the array. In the circular antenna assembly, the radiating branch has different equivalent resonant lengths in different operating frequency bands. Therefore, the same circular antenna assembly can be compatible with different operating frequency bands and radiate and receive signals in the selected operating frequency band. Specifically, when the circular antenna assembly receives a signal on the RF signal line, the frequency of the signal matches the equivalent resonant length of the radiating branch, generating a radiation or reception effect. It can be seen from the above principles that at the same time, different circular antenna assemblies in the circularly polarized antenna array can operate in different frequency bands according to the signals of different frequencies on their respective RF signal lines.

[0073] The circular design of the circular antenna assembly helps achieve a uniform radiation pattern and wide-angle coverage.

[0074] The feed point is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly and is used for center phase signal feeding. It is the key point connecting the circular antenna assembly with the corresponding RF signal line. The four feed lines extending outward from the feed point have a right angle between each feed line, and the feed lines are evenly distributed, thereby generating uniform radiation in different directions. Since the angles between the feed lines are right angles, it helps to generate circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. The characteristic of circularly polarized waves is that the directions of the electric and magnetic fields are rotated in space. This characteristic helps to reduce the effects of multipath effects and polarization mismatch and improve the performance of the communication system.

[0075] The radiating unit connected to each feeder line is the core part to realize the antenna function. Each radiating unit includes at least one radiating branch, and the radiating branch has different equivalent resonant lengths in different working frequency bands. In antenna design, the antenna's vibrator (i.e., radiating unit, radiating branch, radiator, etc., with similar meanings) has a certain length. When the antenna works at a certain frequency, the current distribution on it reaches a resonant mode, so that the antenna can effectively radiate or receive electromagnetic waves. The frequency is the resonant frequency of the antenna, and the length is the resonant length. When the vibrator length of the antenna is equal to or close to one-quarter of the wavelength of the working frequency, the antenna can reach a resonant state, effectively convert the high-frequency current into electromagnetic waves, and radiate them into space. The radiating branches of the present invention have different equivalent resonant lengths in different working frequency bands, and each equivalent resonant length of the radiating branch is equal to 1 / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the corresponding working frequency band. For example, in the three working frequency bands of 2.4GHz~2.5GHz, 4.5GHz~6GHz, and 6GHz~7.5GHz, the radiating branch has a corresponding equivalent resonant length in the corresponding working frequency band, for example Figure 1 The first equivalent resonant length 1131, the second equivalent resonant length 1132, and the third equivalent resonant length 1133. The equivalent resonant length can be 1 / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the minimum frequency in the working frequency band, or it can be 1 / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band. For example, in the working frequency band of 2.4GHz~2.5GHz, the minimum frequency is 2.4GHz and the center frequency is 2.45GHz. The radiation branch has different equivalent resonant lengths in different working frequency bands, which can be achieved by adding resonant branches, adding parasitic branches, and length-adjustable radiators (such as spring antennas). The radiation branch of the present invention can operate in multiple sub-bands in the frequency band of 2GHz~8GHz, and is not limited to the three working frequency bands of 2.4GHz~2.5GHz, 4.5GHz~6GHz, and 6GHz~7.5GHz. It can be any frequency band determined according to actual needs.

[0076] When the signal is transmitted to the feeding point through the RF signal line, the signal is evenly distributed to the four radiating elements through four feeding lines. The radiation branch on each radiating element resonates in the working frequency band corresponding to the signal, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0077] The antenna array of the present invention includes a plurality of circular antenna components. By connecting an independent radio frequency signal line to each circular antenna component, different circular antenna components can receive electromagnetic waves of different frequencies. Since each circular antenna component contains a radiation unit, and the radiation unit has different equivalent resonant lengths in different operating frequency bands, the radiation unit in each circular antenna component resonates according to the frequency of the input electromagnetic wave, thereby supporting the functions of simultaneous radiation and reception in multiple different frequency bands. This multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array covers more operating frequency bands. In addition, the number of circular antenna components and radio frequency signal lines in the antenna array can be adjusted as needed, thereby improving the flexibility and scalability of the antenna product. In addition, the feeding point of each circular antenna assembly is located at the center of the circle, and four feeding lines extend outward from the feeding point. The angle between adjacent feeding lines is right angles. A radiating unit is connected to each feeding line, and each radiating unit includes at least one radiating branch. Such a structure can form a circularly polarized radiation field, which helps to reduce the multipath effect and polarization mismatch problems during signal transmission and can provide more stable signal transmission; the radiating units are evenly distributed around the antenna assembly, which helps to achieve uniform radiation characteristics of the antenna and improve signal coverage and receiving efficiency. Due to the feeding structure of the circular antenna assembly and the layout of the radiating units, the antenna array can produce a more concentrated radiation pattern and improve the directivity of the antenna.

[0078] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, each radiation unit 113 includes two axially symmetrical radiation branches, and the axis of symmetry is the straight line 220 where the feeder connected to the radiation unit is located. On the feeder connected to the radiation unit, one end of the feeder away from the center of the circular antenna assembly has a U-shaped microstrip line with the straight line 220 where the feeder is located as the axis of symmetry, the opening of the U-shaped microstrip line faces away from the center of the circle, and each of the two ends is connected to a radiation branch.

[0079] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the radiation branch 210 includes a first branch 310 and a second branch 320, the middle of the first branch 310 is connected to one end of the second branch 320, and the other end of the second branch 320 is connected to the feeder of the radiation unit.

[0080] In some embodiments, a third branch 330 and a fourth branch 340 extend from the second branch 320, the third branch 330 takes the second branch 320 as an axis of symmetry and is located between the first branch 310 and the fourth branch 340; the fourth branch 340 takes the second branch 320 as an axis of symmetry and is located between the third branch 330 and a feeder line connected to the radiation unit.

[0081] In some embodiments, the third branch 330 is a first U-shaped branch, the opening of which faces the first branch 310 ; the fourth branch 340 is a second U-shaped branch, the opening of which faces the center of the circle.

[0082] By designing branches of different lengths and shapes in the radiation unit, compatibility with different operating frequency bands can be achieved, wherein shorter branches can resonate in the high frequency band, while longer branches can resonate in the low frequency band. Figure 3 As shown, the shape formed by the first branch 310 and the second branch 320 has a longer length, the shape formed by the portion from the intersection of the third branch 330 and the second branch 320 to the feeder line in the second branch 320 plus the third branch 330 has a relatively short length, and the shape formed by the portion from the intersection of the fourth branch 340 and the second branch 320 to the feeder line in the second branch 320 plus the fourth branch 340 has an even shorter length. Since the length of each branch is designed to match the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of a specific frequency, in a specific working frequency band, the reactance of the branch is the smallest, and the current is easier to pass through, while other unmatched branches are not in a resonant state, the reactance is large, and the current is difficult to pass through, so the other branches are equivalent to open circuits. Therefore, when the circular antenna assembly operates in a low-frequency operating band, such as between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz, the first branch 310 and the second branch 320 in the radiation unit 113 form a first equivalent resonant length 1131. When the circular antenna assembly operates in a higher-frequency operating band, such as between 4.5 GHz and 6 GHz, the second branch 320 in the radiation unit 113 is close to a portion of the feeder line and the third branch 330 to form a second equivalent resonant length 1132. When the circular antenna assembly operates in a higher-frequency operating band, such as between 6 GHz and 7.5 GHz, the second branch 320 in the radiation unit 113 is close to a portion of the feeder line and the fourth branch 340 to form a third equivalent resonant length 1133.

[0083] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4As shown, in the radiation branch 210 including the first branch, the second branch, the third branch, and the fourth branch, in the counterclockwise direction, the lengths from the side 401 to the side 402 of the radiation branch 210 are 10.5, 1, 9.1, 2.7, 14.5, and 5, respectively; the lengths from the side 403 to the side 404 are 1.2, 11.3, 1.2, 5, 14.5, 2.7, 9.1, and 1, respectively; the lengths from the side 405 to the side 406 are 10.5, 4.3, 1, 4.5, and 9.6, respectively; the lengths from the side 407 to the side 408 are 1, 7.6, 2.7, and 10, respectively; and the lengths from the side 409 to the side 410 are 10, 2.7, 7.6, 1, 9.6, 4.5, 1, and 4.3, respectively, all in millimeters. The portion of the radiation branch 210 connected to the feeder is shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, in the counterclockwise direction, the lengths of edge 501, edge 502, edge 503, edge 504, edge 505, and edge 506 are 0.2, 6, 2.8, 2.3, 5.5, and 0.2, respectively, all in millimeters.

[0084] In some embodiments, again referring to Figure 2 The circular antenna assembly includes a circular PCB structure 230, wherein the feeding point, the feeding line, and the radiation unit in the circular antenna assembly are located on the front of the circular PCB structure 230, and a via 240 is provided at the center of the circular PCB structure 230, such as Figure 6 As shown, a feeding grounding point 610 and a reflecting surface 620 are provided on the back of the circular PCB structure 230 . The feeding grounding point 610 is electrically connected to the feeding point 120 through the via 240 . The reflecting surface 620 is circular, and the center of the reflecting surface 620 coincides with the center of the circular PCB structure 230 .

[0085] The via hole 240 may be a through hole. As a preferred embodiment, the via hole has a diameter of 0.7 mm and is a non-copper-plated hole.

[0086] The distance between the feed ground point 610 and the via 240 is 1 mm. The feed ground point can be used to provide a stable ground reference point for the radio frequency signal, which helps to reduce signal interference and noise.

[0087] The material of the reflective surface 620 can be one or more of aluminum, copper, titanium, magnesium, stainless steel, and glass fiber with metal coating, and can be used to reflect electromagnetic waves emitted from the radiation unit, thereby enhancing the radiation intensity of the antenna in certain directions and achieving a specific directional radiation pattern. As a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the reflective surface 620 is 24 mm.

[0088] In some embodiments, an exposed area of ​​the ground layer in the circular PCB structure is provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure, and the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector.

[0089] A grounding layer is provided in the circular PCB structure. On the back of the circular PCB structure, as a preferred embodiment, a 3mm outer sheath is removed at 40mm from the antenna end coaxial line (or via 240) to form an exposed area of ​​the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure. The exposed area is welded to the antenna reflector made of metal material.

[0090] The present invention increases the grounding area of ​​the circular PCB structure by welding the exposed area of ​​the ground layer in the circular PCB structure to the antenna reflector made of metal material, provides a better current loop, reduces the ground impedance, makes the current distribution more uniform, reduces the influence of parasitic inductance and capacitance, and thus improves the resonance performance of the antenna; the stable grounding level reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems, and ensures the signal integrity of the antenna; the exposed areas of the ground layers in multiple circular PCB structures are welded to the antenna reflector made of metal material, and the antenna reflector can be used as a common ground plane to provide a stable reference ground level for the antennas of the multiple circular PCB structures, which helps to reduce signal interference between the antennas Interference, improve the stability of signal reception and transmission; welding the ground layer to the reflector makes the input impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna consistent in different environments and conditions, ensures the stability of the electrical connection, reduces the impact of contact resistance changes, and avoids performance fluctuations; the welding connection provides a solid mechanical fixing point to prevent the circular PCB structure antenna from falling, shifting or being damaged due to vibration, impact or other mechanical stress during use; the ground layer is also commonly used for heat dissipation, especially in high-frequency and high-power applications. The exposed area of ​​the ground layer in the circular PCB structure is welded to the antenna reflector of the metal material, which can expand the heat dissipation area, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and help keep the PCB and its components working within a suitable temperature range.

[0091] In some embodiments, again referring to Figure 6 The circular PCB structure is adhered to the antenna reflector through three flame retardant patches 630 on the back; the three flame retardant patches 630 surround the center of the circular PCB structure at an angle θ of 120 degrees.

[0092] The flame retardant patch may include one or more materials such as flame retardant silicone, flame retardant rubber, flame retardant polyurethane foam, flame retardant glass fiber, etc. As a preferred embodiment, the size of the flame retardant silicone is 6*6*6mm3.

[0093] By setting three flame-retardant patches on the back of the circular PCB structure and evenly distributing them at an angle of 120 degrees, not only the mechanical fixation and stability are improved, but also the fire resistance is enhanced, making the antenna product operate more reliably and efficiently.

[0094] In some embodiments, Figure 7As shown, the shape of the antenna substrate 100 is a square, and the number of circular antenna components 110 is four, namely the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740. The four circular antenna components are arranged in a square on the antenna substrate 100. As a preferred embodiment, the center distance between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720 is 80 mm, the center distance between the second antenna component 720 and the third antenna component 730 is 80 mm, the center distance between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 is 80 mm, and the center distance between the fourth antenna component 740 and the first antenna component 710 is 80 mm.

[0095] like Figures 8 to 11 As shown, they are VSWR index test diagrams of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate 100. VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is one of the important parameters for evaluating antenna performance. The value range of VSWR is usually between 1 and infinity. When the VSWR value is 1, it is an ideal matching situation. All power is radiated by the antenna without reflection. Therefore, the closer the VSWR value is to 1, the better the impedance matching between the antenna and the feeder is, and the smaller the reflection loss is. Figures 8 to 11 It can be seen that the maximum VSWR value of the first antenna assembly 710, the second antenna assembly 720, the third antenna assembly 730, and the fourth antenna assembly 740 in various operating frequency bands is 1.77. When switching different operating frequency bands between 2.4 GHz and 7.12 GHz, in most cases (more than 50%), the VSWR value is between 1 and 1.3. In general, VSWR ≤ 2 is acceptable, indicating good matching and low reflection loss. Therefore, when each antenna in the antenna substrate 100 of the present invention works simultaneously, it can meet the application requirements.

[0096] like Figure 12 to Figure 14 As shown, the isolation S between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 are shown. 12 Test chart, such as Figure 15 to Figure 16 As shown, they are the isolation S between the second antenna assembly 720 and the third antenna assembly 730 and the fourth antenna assembly 740. 12 Test chart, such as Fig.17 As shown, the isolation S between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 is 12 Test chart. Isolation S 12It is an important indicator for evaluating the mutual influence between components in the antenna system. Good isolation means less mutual interference between antenna components. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB). The smaller the value, the better the isolation. Usually, less than -20dB is considered good isolation. When switching between different operating frequency bands between 2.4GHz and 7.12GHz, Figure 12 to Figure 14 It can be seen that the isolation between the first antenna component 710 and the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 is all below -23.051 dB. Figure 15 to Figure 16 It can be seen that the isolation between the second antenna assembly 720 and the third antenna assembly 730 and the fourth antenna assembly 740 is below -23.640 dB. Fig.17 It can be seen that the isolation between the third antenna component 730 and the fourth antenna component 740 is below -24.466 dB. Therefore, it can be seen that the isolation between the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the antenna substrate 100 meets the isolation requirement.

[0097] Tables 1 to 4 below are gain and efficiency tables of the first antenna assembly 710, the second antenna assembly 720, the third antenna assembly 730, and the fourth antenna assembly 740, respectively. Gain represents the ratio of the antenna's radiated power in a specific direction to the assumed omnidirectional radiated power, usually in dB. The higher the gain, the stronger the antenna's radiation capability in a specific direction. Generally speaking, the antenna gain range for wireless access points such as routers is required to be between 2 dB and 9 dB. Efficiency reflects how much of the RF power input to the antenna is effectively radiated. The higher the efficiency, the more effectively the antenna can convert the input power into electromagnetic waves for radiation. Antennas for wireless access points such as routers usually need to find a balance between volume and performance. Generally speaking, the efficiency range is required to be between 40% and 70%. It can be seen from Tables 1 to 4 that the bandwidths of the first antenna component 710, the second antenna component 720, the third antenna component 730, and the fourth antenna component 740 in the circularly polarized antenna array cover 2GHz~8GHz, and are compatible with WIFI 2400MHz~2500MHz, WIFI 5150MHz~5850MHz, and WIFI 5925MHz~7125MHz, and are therefore compatible with the frequency bands of NR, WIFI6, and WIFI7, and each antenna component in the antenna array has high gain and efficiency within the frequency band, which can meet application requirements.

[0098] Therefore, the antenna array has a wide working bandwidth, good isolation, and has the characteristics of long signal transmission distance, strong signal penetration, low attenuation, and low latency.

[0099] Generally, in order to have better isolation, multi-frequency and multi-feed antennas need to set up isolation structures or circuits or increase the clearance area, which greatly increases the clearance area of ​​the antenna in the device product, and thus greatly increases the area occupied by the antenna. The complex layout increases the difficulty and cost of designing the antenna, and the layout will change greatly with the shape and type of the antenna, and the layout scheme has low applicability. In the multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array of the embodiment of the present invention, a number of circular antenna components are set, and in each circular antenna component, the feeding point is placed at the center of the circle and multiple feed lines and multiple radiation units are extended outward. The radiation branches of the radiation units have different equivalent resonant lengths. The circularly polarized antenna array can achieve multi-band and circularly polarized radiation in a relatively small space. The layout structure is simple and compact, occupies a small space, and has high isolation, making the antenna easier to integrate into various communication equipment and systems, saving internal space for the product, and helping to reduce the finished product.

[0100] Table 1 Gain and efficiency of the first antenna assembly 710

[0101]

[0102] Table 2 Gain and efficiency of the second antenna assembly 720

[0103]

[0104] Table 3 Gain and efficiency of the third antenna assembly 730

[0105]

[0106] Table 4 Gain and efficiency of the fourth antenna assembly 740

[0107]

[0108] Example 2

[0109] Based on the multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array of Example 1, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a communication performance test method based on an antenna array, wherein the antenna array is the antenna array described in Example 1, see Fig.18 , the method comprising:

[0110] S1. Performing a standing wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain a standing wave ratio test result of each of the circular antenna assemblies;

[0111] Specifically, the standing wave ratio test is used to evaluate the matching degree of the antenna. The closer the standing wave ratio is to 1, the better the matching between the antenna and the feeder. Connect the vector network analyzer or standing wave ratio tester to the antenna component, set the frequency band range to be tested, measure the standing wave ratio value of each antenna component in different frequency bands one by one, record the standing wave ratio test results of each antenna component in each frequency band, and form a standing wave ratio curve.

[0112] S2. Performing an isolation test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain an isolation test result of the antenna array;

[0113] Specifically, the isolation test is used to evaluate the degree of mutual interference between different antenna components. High isolation means less interference between antennas and purer signals. 12 or S 21 ), where S 12 It represents the isolation from antenna 1 to antenna 2, and records the isolation test results between various antenna components in different frequency bands to form an isolation matrix.

[0114] S3, performing gain and efficiency tests on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain gain and efficiency test results of each of the circular antenna assemblies;

[0115] Specifically, the gain and efficiency tests are used to evaluate the radiation performance of the antenna. High gain means that the antenna has good energy concentration, and high efficiency means that the antenna can effectively convert input power into radiated energy. Connect the antenna to the antenna test system, such as the near-field or far-field test equipment in the darkroom, and set the frequency band range to be tested.

[0116] S4. When the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly are determined according to the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results.

[0117] Specifically, first set the preset thresholds of standing wave ratio, isolation, gain and efficiency. The standing wave ratio is an indicator to measure the matching degree between the antenna and the transmission line. The closer the value is to 1, the better the matching. Generally speaking, a VSWR less than 2:1, that is, a reflection coefficient less than or equal to 0.333, can meet the requirements of commercial antenna systems. For high-performance or high-demand communication systems, the threshold of the standing wave ratio can be set to less than or equal to 1.5:1.

[0118] Isolation indicates the degree of mutual interference between antennas. The higher the value, the less interference. For general communication systems, the isolation threshold can be set to 20db. For multi-antenna systems, such as MIMO systems, the isolation threshold can be set to 30db. Gain indicates the radiation capability of the antenna in a certain direction. The higher the value, the better the radiation concentration. For indoor antennas, the gain threshold can be set to 5dBi, and for outdoor base station antennas, it can be set to 10dBi. Efficiency indicates the ability of the antenna to convert input power into radiated power. The higher the value, the better the efficiency. The efficiency threshold of general commercial antennas can be set to 50%, and the antenna system with high efficiency requirements can be set to 70%. Different application scenarios have different requirements for various performance parameters. When setting the preset threshold, you should combine the specific application requirements and refer to relevant industry standards or technical specifications to ensure that the preset threshold meets industry requirements.

[0119] The standing wave ratio, isolation, gain and efficiency test results of each antenna component are compared with the preset thresholds to determine whether each antenna component meets all preset communication performance requirements; if so, the optimal operating frequency band of each antenna component is determined based on the test results, and a target operating frequency band and priority are assigned to each antenna component to ensure the optimal performance of the overall antenna array in different frequency bands.

[0120] Preferably, when the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result meet the preset communication performance requirements, determining the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result includes:

[0121] S41. According to the standing wave ratio test result, obtain the voltage standing wave ratio value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band;

[0122] S42, comparing each of the voltage standing wave ratio values ​​and a standing wave ratio threshold value to obtain a first comparison result;

[0123] Specifically, according to the standing wave ratio results of each circular antenna assembly, the VSWR values ​​in different frequency bands are obtained. The VSWR values ​​of each frequency band obtained in step S41 are compared with the preset VSWR threshold. The VSWR threshold is usually set based on the antenna design requirements and the performance standards of the communication system. For example, the threshold can be set to 1.5:1 or 2:1. The comparison result (first comparison result) will be used to determine whether the matching of the antenna in each frequency band is qualified.

[0124] S43, according to the isolation test result, obtaining the isolation value between each of the circular antenna components in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range;

[0125] S44, comparing each of the isolation values ​​with the isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result;

[0126] According to the isolation test results of each circular antenna assembly, the isolation values ​​in different frequency bands are obtained.

[0127] The isolation value obtained in step S43 is compared with a preset isolation threshold. The isolation threshold is usually set to the minimum interference level that meets system requirements, such as 20 dB or 30 dB. The comparison result (second comparison result) will be used to determine whether the isolation between the antennas is qualified.

[0128] S45. According to the gain and efficiency test results, obtain the gain value and efficiency value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band;

[0129] S46, comparing each of the gain values ​​and the corresponding efficiency value with a gain value threshold and an efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result;

[0130] The gain value and efficiency value obtained in step S45 are compared with the preset gain and efficiency thresholds. The gain threshold and efficiency threshold are usually set based on the antenna design objectives and communication system requirements, for example, the gain threshold is 8 dBi and the efficiency threshold is 60%. The comparison result (third comparison result) will be used to determine whether the gain and efficiency of the antenna are qualified.

[0131] S47, judging whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result;

[0132] Specifically, the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result are comprehensively considered to determine whether the overall communication performance of the antenna array meets the preset standard. If all parameters are within the preset threshold range, the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified.

[0133] S48. If unqualified, adjusting the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or the second comparison result, and / or the third comparison result, wherein the layout design includes the position of each circular antenna component and the physical size and shape of each circular antenna component;

[0134] Specifically, if the communication performance is unqualified, the design of the antenna array is adjusted according to the specific comparison results. This may include rearranging the position of the antenna components and adjusting the physical size and shape of the antenna to optimize matching, isolation, gain and efficiency; by way of example and not limitation, adjusting an antenna component with an unqualified standing wave ratio requires redesigning the matching network or adjusting the antenna structure. Adjusting an antenna component with unqualified gain and efficiency requires optimizing the antenna design or adjusting the materials. Adjusting an antenna component with unqualified isolation requires increasing shielding or adjusting the antenna spacing.

[0135] S49: If qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result;

[0136] Specifically, based on the above three comparison results, the performance of each antenna component in different frequency bands can be comprehensively determined, so as to make reasonable frequency band allocation. This can ensure that each antenna component works within its optimal operating frequency band, improve the performance of the overall communication system, avoid conflicts and interference between frequency bands, and improve the stability and reliability of the system. In a multi-band, multi-antenna system, a reasonable frequency band allocation strategy can improve spectrum utilization, ensure collaborative work between different frequency bands, and maximize the communication capacity and data transmission rate of the system. Improve the flexibility of the system to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

[0137] In one embodiment, a first frequency band range in which the VSWR meets the threshold requirement can be determined according to the VSWR value of each circular antenna assembly at different frequency bands, a second frequency band range in which the isolation meets the threshold requirement can be determined according to the isolation value between each circular antenna assembly, and a third frequency band range in which the gain and efficiency meet the threshold requirement can be determined according to the gain and efficiency values ​​of each circular antenna assembly at different frequency bands;

[0138] According to the comprehensive target frequency band range and combined with the actual application requirements, the frequency band allocation strategy of each circular antenna component is determined to ensure that each antenna component works within its optimal performance frequency band. This method can ensure that each component of the antenna array can achieve the best communication performance in actual applications, improve the performance and stability of the overall system, and thus meet the complex needs of multi-band, multi-antenna systems.

[0139] Preferably, if qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result includes:

[0140] S491. According to the first comparison result, obtain a first target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio value corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to a standing wave ratio threshold;

[0141] In this step, the first target frequency band range of each antenna assembly is determined by comparing the voltage standing wave ratio test result with a preset standing wave ratio threshold.

[0142] S482. According to the third comparison result, obtain a second target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain value corresponding to each frequency band in the second target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency value corresponding to each frequency band is greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold;

[0143] In this step, the second target frequency band range of each antenna assembly is determined by comparing the gain and efficiency test results with the preset gain value threshold and efficiency value threshold.

[0144] S483. Acquire a third target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna assemblies according to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range;

[0145] Specifically, the third target frequency range represents the frequency range in which each circular antenna assembly satisfies the voltage standing wave ratio, gain and efficiency requirements within its coverage frequency range. In other words, the third target frequency range is the optimal operating frequency range after integrating various aspects of antenna performance (standing wave ratio, gain and efficiency).

[0146] S484. According to a preset application scenario, a corresponding objective function is obtained, wherein the optimization objectives of the objective functions of different preset application scenarios are different, and the independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value and power of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding frequency band, and the optimization objectives include: maximizing data transmission rate, and / or, minimizing power consumption, and / or, maximizing signal stability;

[0147] Specifically, in this step, the corresponding objective functions are defined based on the requirements of different application scenarios so that the specific goals to be optimized can be clearly identified during the optimization process. These objective functions use the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value, and power of each antenna component in the corresponding frequency band as independent variables, and set optimization goals according to specific application scenarios, such as maximizing data transmission rate, minimizing power consumption, or maximizing signal stability;

[0148] By way of example and not limitation, when the preset application scenario is a scenario with high data rate requirements, the independent variables of the objective function include gain, bandwidth, standing wave ratio and isolation, so as to increase the gain to increase the data transmission distance, cover a wider bandwidth as much as possible to support a higher data rate, and keep the standing wave ratio below a specified threshold to ensure signal matching, ensure high isolation between antennas, and reduce interference.

[0149] When the preset application scenario is a scenario with low power consumption requirements, the objective function aims to minimize power consumption. At this time, the independent variables of the objective function include efficiency, antenna power, gain and isolation in different frequency bands. The optimization goal is to improve efficiency to reduce energy consumption; low working power to reduce overall power consumption; appropriate gain to ensure effective communication under low power consumption; ensure high isolation between antennas to reduce interference;

[0150] When the preset application scenario is a scenario with high stability requirements, the objective function aims to maintain a low standing wave ratio to ensure signal matching and stability; appropriate gain to ensure signal strength. High isolation to reduce interference and ensure signal stability; appropriate bandwidth to ensure communication within a stable frequency range. Each parameter in the objective function is adjusted according to actual needs.

[0151] S485. Acquire a frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario according to the objective function and the preset constraint condition, wherein the preset constraint condition is acquired based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario;

[0152] In this step, a frequency band allocation model is constructed by integrating the objective function and constraints. The preset constraints are based on the third target frequency band range and specific application scenarios. These constraints ensure that the frequency band allocation scheme is feasible and superior in practical applications. The setting of constraints ensures that the frequency band allocation model in the optimization process is feasible in practical applications. First, the constraints include that the operating frequency band of each circular antenna assembly is within the corresponding third target frequency band range. Different thresholds can be set for different application scenarios.

[0153] S486. Solve the frequency band allocation model according to a preset optimization algorithm to obtain a frequency band allocation plan for each preset application scenario, wherein the preset optimization algorithm includes one of a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm and a differential evolution algorithm, and the frequency band allocation strategy includes an operating frequency band of each circular antenna assembly.

[0154] Finally, the frequency band allocation model is solved by a preset optimization algorithm, such as a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, or a differential evolution algorithm, to obtain the optimal frequency band allocation solution;

[0155] Preferably, the preset optimization algorithm is a genetic algorithm or a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The frequency band allocation of the antenna array involves multiple independent variables, and it is necessary to avoid local optimal solutions. To find the global optimal solution, it is necessary to consider multiple parameters such as gain, bandwidth, standing wave ratio, isolation and power at the same time. The antenna array design has high nonlinearity and complexity, and the algorithm needs to have the ability to handle complex constraints and multi-peak optimization problems. Based on the above requirements, the genetic algorithm can effectively explore the search space through selection, crossover and mutation operations, avoid local optimal solutions, and can handle nonlinear and multi-peak optimization problems, and is suitable for complex antenna array designs.

[0156] Particle swarm optimization can effectively explore the search space through information sharing and self-adjustment among individuals. It is simple to implement and has high computational efficiency. It is suitable for scenarios that require rapid optimization. It performs well in dealing with continuous optimization problems and can quickly find near-optimal solutions.

[0157] In a specific embodiment, in order to find the best solution in a complex antenna array optimization problem, a genetic algorithm is used. At the same time, a hybrid optimization can be performed in combination with particle swarm optimization to utilize the advantages of the two algorithms. The genetic algorithm is used to generate an initial population to ensure the diversity of solutions. The objective function is used to calculate the fitness value of each individual. Excellent individuals are selected according to the fitness value to perform crossover and mutation operations to generate a new population. The new population generated by the genetic algorithm is used as the initial particle swarm. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for optimization, and the speed and position of the particles are updated to find a better solution. The genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization algorithm are iterated multiple times to continuously update the values ​​of the independent variables and gradually approach the optimal value of the objective function. When the iteration reaches a preset termination condition, the preset termination condition can be reaching a preset number of iterations or the result converges. Finally, the optimal solution, that is, the optimal combination of the respective variables, is output. Through this hybrid optimization scheme, the advantages of the genetic algorithm and the particle swarm optimization can be fully utilized to find the global optimal solution in the complex antenna array optimization problem.

[0158] S410: Determine communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the frequency band combination strategy.

[0159] Finally, according to the frequency band combination strategy, the specific communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna component are determined, including the target operating frequency band and the gain, efficiency, standing wave ratio, etc. of each antenna component under the target operating frequency band, to ensure that each component operates within its optimal frequency band and achieves the best communication performance.

[0160] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings; however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0161] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0162] In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A multi-band multi-feed circularly polarized antenna array, characterized in that: The antenna array comprises: An antenna substrate, a plurality of circular antenna components arranged on the antenna substrate, and a plurality of radio frequency signal lines respectively connected to corresponding circular antenna components, wherein different circular antenna components receive electromagnetic waves of different frequencies; In each of the circular antenna assemblies: The invention comprises a feeding point, a feeding line and a radiating unit; wherein the feeding point is located at the center of the circular antenna assembly, and the feeding point is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal line connected to the circular antenna assembly; four feeding lines are extended outward from the feeding point, and the angle between adjacent feeding lines is a right angle; one radiating unit is connected to each of the four feeding lines, and each radiating unit comprises at least one radiating branch; in different working frequency bands, the radiating branch has different equivalent resonant lengths, and the equivalent resonant length is equal to n / 4 times the wavelength corresponding to the working frequency band, where n is a positive integer; the radiating branch comprises a first branch and a second branch, the middle part of the first branch is connected to one end of the second branch, and the other end of the second branch is connected to the feeding line of the radiating unit, and a third branch and a fourth branch are extended from the second branch, the third branch is symmetric with the second branch as the axis of symmetry, and is located between the first branch and the fourth branch; the fourth branch is symmetric with the second branch as the axis of symmetry, and is located between the third branch and the feeding line connected to the radiating unit.

2. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the radiation units includes two radiation branches that are axially symmetrical, and the axis of symmetry is a straight line where a feeder line connected to the radiation unit is located.

3. The antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third branch is a first U-shaped branch, and the opening of the first U-shaped branch faces the first branch; the fourth branch is a second U-shaped branch, and the opening of the second U-shaped branch faces the center of the circle.

4. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The circular antenna assembly includes a circular PCB structure, wherein a feeding point, a feeding line, and a radiating unit in the circular antenna assembly are located on the front side of the circular PCB structure, a via is provided at the center of the circular PCB structure, a feeding grounding point and a reflecting surface are provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure, the feeding grounding point is electrically connected to the feeding point through the via, the reflecting surface is circular, the center of the reflecting surface coincides with the center of the circular PCB structure, the antenna substrate is an antenna reflecting plate, an exposed area of ​​the grounding layer in the circular PCB structure is provided on the back side of the circular PCB structure, the exposed area is welded to the antenna reflecting plate, the circular PCB structure is adhered to the antenna reflecting plate through three flame retardant patches on the back side, and the three flame retardant patches surround the center of the circular PCB structure at an angle of 120 degrees.

5. The antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The antenna substrate is in a square shape, and the number of the circular antenna components is four. The four circular antenna components are arranged in a square shape on the antenna substrate.

6. A communication performance testing method for an antenna array, characterized in that: The antenna array is the antenna array according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises: Performing a standing wave ratio test on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain a standing wave ratio test result of each of the circular antenna assemblies; Performing an isolation test on each of the circular antenna components to obtain an isolation test result of the antenna array; Performing gain and efficiency tests on each of the circular antenna assemblies to obtain gain and efficiency test results of each of the circular antenna assemblies; When the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results meet the preset communication performance requirements, the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly are determined according to the standing wave ratio test results, the isolation test results, and the gain and efficiency test results.

7. The communication performance testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result meet the preset communication performance requirements, determining the communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly according to the standing wave ratio test result, the isolation test result, and the gain and efficiency test result, including: According to the standing wave ratio test results, the voltage standing wave ratio value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band is obtained; Comparing each of the voltage standing wave ratio values ​​with a standing wave ratio threshold value to obtain a first comparison result; According to the isolation test result, obtaining isolation values ​​between each of the circular antenna components in the antenna array in the corresponding coverage frequency band range; Comparing each of the isolation values ​​with the isolation threshold to obtain a second comparison result; According to the gain and efficiency test results, obtaining the gain value and efficiency value of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding coverage frequency band range; Comparing each of the gain values ​​and the corresponding efficiency value with a gain value threshold and an efficiency value threshold to obtain a third comparison result; Determining whether the communication performance of the antenna array is qualified according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result, and the third comparison result; If unqualified, adjusting the layout design of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, and / or the second comparison result, and / or the third comparison result, wherein the layout design includes the position of each of the circular antenna components and the physical size and shape of each of the circular antenna components; If qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result; According to the frequency band allocation strategy, communication configuration parameters of each circular antenna assembly are determined.

8. The communication performance testing method according to claim 7, characterized in that: If qualified, obtaining several frequency band allocation strategies of the antenna array according to the first comparison result, the second comparison result and the third comparison result, including: According to the first comparison result, a first target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly is obtained, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the first target frequency band range, and the voltage standing wave ratio value corresponding to each frequency band in the first target frequency band range is greater than or equal to a standing wave ratio threshold; According to the third comparison result, a second target frequency band range of each circular antenna assembly is obtained, wherein the coverage frequency band range includes the second target frequency band range, and the gain value corresponding to each frequency band in the second target frequency band range is greater than or equal to the gain value threshold and the efficiency value corresponding to each frequency band is greater than or equal to the efficiency value threshold; Acquire a third target frequency band range of each of the circular antenna assemblies according to the intersection of the first target frequency band range and the second target frequency band range; According to the preset application scenario, a corresponding objective function is obtained, wherein the optimization objectives of the objective functions of different preset application scenarios are different, and the independent variables of the objective function include one or more of the gain value, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio value, isolation value and power of each circular antenna assembly in the corresponding frequency band, and the optimization objectives include: maximizing the data transmission rate, and / or, minimizing the power consumption, and / or, maximizing the signal stability; According to the objective function and the preset constraint condition, a frequency band allocation model corresponding to the preset application scenario is acquired, wherein the preset constraint condition is acquired based on the third target frequency band range and the preset application scenario; The frequency band allocation model is solved according to a preset optimization algorithm to obtain a frequency band allocation solution for each preset application scenario, wherein the preset optimization algorithm includes one of a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm and a differential evolution algorithm, and the frequency band allocation strategy includes the working frequency band of each circular antenna component.

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