Fireproofing material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application discloses a fireproof and extinguishing material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fireproof and extinguishing materials. The fireproof and extinguishing material solves the problem of poor high-temperature resistance of the existing fireproof and extinguishing materials. The fireproof and extinguishing material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: fly ash 8-24 parts, modifier 0.1-0.5 parts, connecting agent 1-5 parts, inorganic mineral material 15-45 parts, foaming agent 3-8 parts, thickening agent 1-3 parts, flame retardant 0.5-2 parts and water 15-35 parts. The fireproof and extinguishing material can form a more compact structure during extinguishing, and has excellent extinguishing performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire prevention and extinguishing materials technology, and more specifically to a fire prevention and extinguishing material, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the most common fire prevention and extinguishing measure for mine fires is the use of fire inhibitors. This technology utilizes inorganic salt compounds that inhibit coal oxidation, sprayed into the goaf or injected into the coal seam to suppress or delay oxidation, thus preventing spontaneous combustion. Its mechanism of action involves increasing the chemical inertness of coal at low temperatures or raising the activation energy of coal oxidation, forming a liquid film that surrounds the coal block and surface fissures, filling internal fissures in the coal column, increasing the water retention capacity of the coal seam, and absorbing heat through water evaporation for cooling. Essentially, it reduces the oxidation rate of coal at low temperatures, prolonging the spontaneous combustion period.

[0003] However, fire extinguishing technology using fire inhibitors primarily focuses on fire prevention performance, resulting in low fire extinguishing efficiency and less than ideal fire extinguishing performance after a fire has occurred. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fire-resistant and extinguishing material and its preparation method, in order to solve the problem of poor fire extinguishing performance of existing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fire-fighting material, which is composed of the following components by weight: 8-24 parts fly ash, 0.1-0.5 parts modifier, 1-5 parts binder, 15-45 parts inorganic mineral material, 3-8 parts foaming agent, 1-3 parts thickener, 0.5-2 parts flame retardant, and 15-35 parts water.

[0006] As one possible implementation, the fire extinguishing material is prepared as a colloidal solution.

[0007] As one possible implementation, the inorganic mineral material is one or a combination of several of diatomaceous earth, expanded perlite, limestone, quartz, and sandstone; and / or, the foaming agent is one or a combination of several of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and rosin soap-based foaming agents; and / or, the thickener is one or a combination of several of polyacrylamide, xanthan gum, and glyceryl esters; and / or, the flame retardant is one or a combination of several of zinc borate, silicone resin, and silicates.

[0008] As one possible implementation, the modifier is a silane coupling agent; and / or, the binder is alumina; and / or, the inorganic mineral material is a mixture of diatomaceous earth and expanded perlite; the foaming agent is a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; and / or, the thickener is polyacrylamide; and / or, the flame retardant is zinc borate.

[0009] As one possible implementation, the mass ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 4:1; and / or, the mass ratio of diatomite to expanded perlite is 2:1.

[0010] As one possible implementation, the fly ash has a particle size of less than 100 μm.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials, comprising the following steps: mixing the raw material components in proportion to the formulation components of the fire-resistant and extinguishing materials as described in any possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the fire-resistant and extinguishing mixing process is performed by stirring for 20 to 40 minutes.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention provides an application of a fire-resistant and extinguishing material in preventing and extinguishing mine fires, wherein the fire-resistant and extinguishing material is the fire-resistant and extinguishing material described in any possible implementation of the first aspect.

[0013] In the fire extinguishing material provided by this invention, a modifier is used to improve the interfacial bonding between inorganic and organic materials. During the mixing process, the modifier chemically reacts with the surface of fly ash particles to form an organosilicon film. This film significantly improves the surface wettability and dispersibility of the fly ash particles, making the fly ash easier to disperse and form a uniform mixture. When the fire extinguishing material is sprayed, the presence of the modifier promotes the close arrangement and interconnection of fly ash particles, forming a denser network structure. This structure better isolates the ignition point from air, preventing the spread of flames. This significantly improves the fire extinguishing performance of the material.

[0014] In the fire-fighting material provided by this invention, a binder is used to promote a bonding reaction between fly ash and inorganic mineral materials. The binder particles chemically bond with the active sites on the surfaces of the fly ash and inorganic mineral materials, forming a stable bonded structure. This bonding not only enhances the binding force between material particles but also promotes the densification of the material during the fire-fighting process. During fire extinguishing, the binder enables the fly ash and inorganic mineral materials to bond more tightly together, forming a denser and more uniform covering layer. This dense structure can more effectively isolate the ignition point from air, inhibiting the spread of flames.

[0015] The fire-fighting material provided by this invention incorporates diatomaceous earth and expanded perlite, which improve its thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties. Polyacrylamide, as a thickener, enhances the stability of the foam, which effectively isolates air and prevents the spread of fire. Zinc borate, as a flame retardant, improves the overall fire-resistant effect of the material. The fire-fighting material uses fly ash as its main material, and its combined use with foaming agents and other additives (thickeners, flame retardants, and inorganic mineral materials) significantly improves the material's fire-fighting performance, environmental performance, and stability.

[0016] The fire-resistant and extinguishing material provided by this invention has a simple and easy-to-operate preparation process, reducing the difficulty of use and improving the feasibility of practical applications. Furthermore, the fire-resistant and extinguishing material provided by this invention has better high-temperature resistance and stability, maintaining its fire-resistant effect for a longer period even under high-temperature conditions. The preparation process of the fire-resistant and extinguishing material provided by this invention emphasizes environmental protection, using only environmentally friendly raw materials, and producing no harmful substances during the preparation process, thus being harmless to the environment. Fly ash, as an industrial waste, can be reused to help reduce environmental pollution; this material does not produce harmful substances during fire extinguishing, making it environmentally friendly. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The graph shows the effect of the raw material ratio of the foaming agent on the foam stability provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The graph shows the effect of fly ash particle size on foaming ratio provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The fire-fighting material provided in this embodiment of the invention is composed of the following components by weight: 8-24 parts fly ash, 0.1-0.5 parts modifier, 1-5 parts binder, 15-45 parts inorganic mineral material, 3-8 parts foaming agent, 1-3 parts thickener, 0.5-2 parts flame retardant, and 15-35 parts water. The fire-fighting materials prepared according to the above proportions all exhibit excellent performance and fire-fighting effect.

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention verify that the fire-resistant and extinguishing material prepared by the present invention can form a more uniform and dense covering layer, thus solving the problem that the fire extinguishing performance of existing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials is not ideal.

[0023] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention verified the effect of fly ash particle size on foaming ratio, proving that when the fly ash particle size is less than 100μm, the foaming ratio is larger.

[0024] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention verified the effect of the mass ratio of SDS to SDBS on foam height and foam stability, proving that when the mass ratio of SDS to SDBS is 8:2, the foam stability is relatively high.

[0025] Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention verify that the absence of modifiers or binders has a certain impact on the performance and fire extinguishing effect of fire-resistant materials; and prove that the components in the fire-resistant materials provided by the present invention have a synergistic effect in achieving excellent fire extinguishing performance.

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0029] Fly ash is screened and impurity removed, retaining fly ash with a particle size of less than 100μm to obtain qualified fly ash;

[0030] Take 8g of qualified fly ash, 10g of diatomaceous earth and 5g of expanded perlite and mix them evenly to obtain mixed powder I;

[0031] Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 2.4g and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) 0.6g were mixed to prepare foaming agent I;

[0032] Add 0.1g of silane coupling agent, 1g of alumina sol, foaming agent I, 1g of polyacrylamide and 0.5g of zinc borate to 15mL of water and stir well to obtain foaming solution I;

[0033] Add the mixed powder I to the foaming liquid I and stir thoroughly for 20 minutes. There are no obvious powder particles or clumps in the system. The whole system is in a uniform state, and the bubbles are evenly distributed without large or small bubbles accumulating. This yields fire-resistant and extinguishing material I.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0036] Fly ash is screened and impurity removed, retaining fly ash with a particle size of less than 100μm to obtain qualified fly ash;

[0037] Take 12g of qualified fly ash, 15g of diatomaceous earth and 7.5g of expanded perlite and mix them evenly to obtain mixed powder II;

[0038] Foaming agent II was prepared by mixing 3.2g of SDS and 0.8g of SDBS.

[0039] Add 0.2g of silane coupling agent, 2g of alumina sol, foaming agent II, 1.5g of polyacrylamide and 0.8g of zinc borate to 20mL of water and stir well to obtain foaming solution II;

[0040] Add the mixed powder II to the foaming liquid II and stir thoroughly for 20 minutes. There are no obvious powder particles or clumps in the system. The whole system is in a uniform state, and the bubbles are evenly distributed without large or small bubbles accumulating. This yields the fire-fighting material II.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0043] Fly ash is screened and impurity removed, retaining fly ash with a particle size of less than 100μm to obtain qualified fly ash;

[0044] Take 16g of qualified fly ash, 20g of diatomaceous earth and 10g of expanded perlite and mix them evenly to obtain mixed powder III;

[0045] 4.4g of SDS and 1.1g of SDBS were mixed to prepare foaming agent III;

[0046] Add 0.3g of silane coupling agent, 3g of alumina sol, foaming agent III, 2g of polyacrylamide and 1.2g of zinc borate to 25mL of water and stir well to obtain foaming solution III;

[0047] Add the mixed powder III to the foaming liquid III and stir thoroughly for 20 minutes. There are no obvious powder particles or clumps in the system. The whole system is uniform and the bubbles are evenly distributed without large or small bubbles accumulating. This yields the fire-fighting material III.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0050] Fly ash is screened and impurity removed, retaining fly ash with a particle size of less than 100μm to obtain qualified fly ash;

[0051] Take 20g of qualified fly ash, 25g of diatomaceous earth and 12.5g of expanded perlite and mix them evenly to obtain mixed powder IV;

[0052] Mix 5.2g of SDS and 1.3g of SDBS to prepare foaming agent IV;

[0053] Add 0.4g of silane coupling agent, 4g of alumina sol, foaming agent IV, 2.5g of polyacrylamide and 1.6g of zinc borate to 30mL of water and stir well to obtain foaming solution IV.

[0054] Add the mixed powder IV to the foaming liquid IV and stir thoroughly for 20 minutes. There are no obvious powder particles or clumps in the system. The whole system is in a uniform state, and the bubbles are evenly distributed without large or small bubbles accumulating. This yields the fire-fighting material IV.

[0055] Example 5

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for preparing fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0057] Fly ash is screened and impurity removed, retaining fly ash with a particle size of less than 100μm to obtain qualified fly ash;

[0058] Take 24g of qualified fly ash, 30g of diatomaceous earth and 15g of expanded perlite and mix them evenly to obtain mixed powder V;

[0059] Mix 6g of SDS and 1.5g of SDBS to prepare foaming agent V;

[0060] Add 0.5g of silane coupling agent, 5g of alumina sol, foaming agent V, 3g of polyacrylamide and 2g of zinc borate to 35mL of water and stir well to obtain foaming solution V;

[0061] Add the mixed powder V to the foaming liquid V and stir thoroughly for 20 minutes. There are no obvious powder particles or clumps in the system. The whole system is in a uniform state, and the bubbles are evenly distributed without large or small bubbles accumulating. This yields fire-resistant and extinguishing material V.

[0062] Example 6

[0063] This embodiment provides methods for preparing other fire-fighting and extinguishing materials.

[0064] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding fly ash, and with all other operations being the same, fire-resistant and extinguishing material VI was prepared.

[0065] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding foaming agent IV, and with all other operations being the same, fire-resistant and extinguishing material VII was prepared.

[0066] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding diatomaceous earth and expanded perlite, and with all other operations being the same, fire-resistant and extinguishing material VIII was prepared.

[0067] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding a silane coupling agent, and with all other operations being the same, fire extinguishing material IX was prepared.

[0068] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding alumina sol, and with all other operations being the same, fire extinguishing material X was prepared.

[0069] Following the preparation method shown in Example 4, without adding silane coupling agent and alumina sol, and with all other operations being the same, fire extinguishing material XI was prepared.

[0070] Example 7

[0071] This embodiment provides an experimental analysis of the fire extinguishing performance of fire-resistant and fire-extinguishing materials.

[0072] Fire extinguishing performance analysis experiment: Ignite the fuel in the combustion chamber and allow it to burn completely until the flame stabilizes. Measure and record the initial flame height and the initial temperature at a vertical height of 3m from the fire source (initial temperature). Quickly spray the test material onto the flame with the same height and combustion condition. Measure and record the time required from the start of spraying the extinguishing material until the flame is completely extinguished (extinguishing time), the temperature drop at a vertical height of 3m from the fire source after spraying the extinguishing material (temperature drop), and the probability of reignition (reignition rate).

[0073] Fire extinguishing material IV and fire extinguishing materials IX to XI were used as test materials and fire extinguishing performance analysis experiments were conducted with the same dosage. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1. Results of Fire Extinguishing Performance Analysis

[0075]

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the extinguishing time of fire-resistant material IV is shorter than that of fire-resistant materials IX and X, and significantly shorter than that of fire-resistant material XI. The cooling effect of fire-resistant material IV on the fire source is greater than that of fire-resistant materials IX and X, and significantly greater than that of fire-resistant material XI. There is no reignition after extinguishing a fire with fire-resistant material IV, while reignition occurs with fire-resistant materials IX and X, although the probability of reignition is lower than that with fire-resistant material XI.

[0077] Example 8

[0078] This embodiment provides a performance analysis experiment of fire-resistant and extinguishing materials.

[0079] Nine groups of foaming agents with different mass ratios of SDS and SDBS (SDS:SDBS = 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, 10:0, and 0:10) were prepared. The required amounts of SDS and SDBS were accurately weighed according to the above ratios. The weighed SDS and SDBS were added to a container, along with an appropriate amount of deionized water, and stirred until completely dissolved, resulting in nine homogeneous foaming agents. Using a syringe, 50 mL of each prepared foaming agent was drawn and injected into a clean, unobstructed container with uniform top and bottom diameters. The container was gently shaken to generate foam. When the foam height no longer increased, its initial height was measured and recorded. After standing for 1 hour, the foam height was measured and recorded again. The height difference between the initial foam height and the foam height after 1 hour for each foaming agent was calculated, yielding the following results: Figure 1 The results are shown. (By...) Figure 1 It can be seen that when the mass ratio of SDS:SDBS = 8:2 (i.e. 4:1), the initial foam height is relatively high, and the foam height is the highest after 1 hour. The difference in foam height is the smallest, and the foam is the most stable.

[0080] Fly ash was sieved into different particle size ranges using a sieve: <100μm, 100–120μm, 120–140μm, 140–160μm, 160–180μm, and 180–200μm. 31.2g of SDS and 7.8g of SDBS were mixed to prepare a foaming agent. 20g of each particle size range of fly ash was taken and mixed with 6.5g of the prepared foaming agent, stirring thoroughly. Air was slowly injected using a syringe, and the foam formation process was observed and recorded. After the foam stabilized, the foam height (distance from the liquid surface to the top of the foam) was measured and recorded. The foaming ratio was calculated using the following formula: Foaming ratio = Foam height / Initial solution height (excluding fly ash). The foaming ratio of each group of fire extinguishing materials was measured to obtain the following results: Figure 2 The results are shown. (By...) Figure 2 It can be seen that when the particle size of fly ash is less than 100μm, the foaming ratio of the fire extinguishing material is the largest.

[0081] The fire-resistant and extinguishing materials I to XI prepared in Examples 1 to 6 were subjected to compressive strength tests, foaming ratio tests, and sealing tests, respectively.

[0082] Compressive strength test: Slowly pour the material to be tested into a cubic specimen mold, ensuring the interior is free of air bubbles and the surface is smooth. Allow the material inside the mold to cure naturally, thus creating the specimen for the compressive strength test. Place the specimen on the pressure plate of the electronic universal testing machine, ensuring the contact surface between the specimen and the pressure plate is flat and centered. Set the loading rate and begin loading. Stop loading when the specimen shows signs of failure. Record the maximum pressure value at failure and calculate the compressive strength of the material to be tested based on the specimen dimensions.

[0083] Foaming ratio test: Slowly place the sample of the material to be tested into a transparent container (a beaker is used in this embodiment) until it reaches the predetermined volume, then measure and record the initial height; then trigger the foaming process, carefully observe and record the foaming situation during the foaming process, and immediately measure the height of the highest point of the foam after it stabilizes, i.e., the height after foaming. Calculate the initial volume and the volume after foaming based on the container volume and the measured height. Foaming ratio = Volume after foaming / Initial volume.

[0084] Sealing performance test: For pipes with holes, the test material is evenly and seamlessly applied to the holes to seal the pipe, and a certain pressure is applied. The pressure change over time is observed and recorded, as well as whether any leakage occurs. Based on the pressure change and leakage, the sealing performance of the fire extinguishing material is evaluated. Sealing performance = (Initial hole area - Hole area after sealing) / Initial hole area × 100%.

[0085] The fire-resistant and extinguishing materials I to XI prepared in Examples 1 to 6 were subjected to compressive strength tests, foaming ratio tests, and sealing tests, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0086] Table 2 Performance Analysis Results of Fire Protection and Extinguishing Materials I-XI

[0087]

[0088] As shown in Table 2, fire-resistant materials I to V exhibit excellent compressive strength, foaming ratio, and sealing properties; while fire-resistant materials VI to XI have insufficient compressive strength, foaming ratio, and sealing properties. Table 2 also shows that the absence of fly ash significantly impacts compressive strength, the foaming agent has a significant impact on the foaming ratio, and the absence of both fly ash and inorganic mineral materials has a significant impact on the sealing properties.

[0089] Example 9

[0090] This embodiment provides a verification experiment on the high-temperature stability of fire-fighting materials.

[0091] A comparative experiment was conducted on the high-temperature stability of fire-fighting materials I-XI, grouting fire-fighting materials, inhibitor fire-fighting materials, and gel fire-fighting materials.

[0092] The grouting fire extinguishing material used in this embodiment is prepared by mixing clay, crushed shale, power plant fly ash and water to form a slurry of a certain concentration; the inhibitor fire extinguishing material is composed of inorganic salt compounds such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, aluminum oxide and water glass, which are mixed with water to form an aqueous solution of a certain concentration; the gel fire extinguishing material is made by mixing solid powder and water in a certain proportion to instantly form a colloid with a suitable viscosity.

[0093] Experimental Procedure: The sample to be tested was placed in a transparent, high-temperature resistant container. The initial morphology and color of the sample were recorded, and the container was sealed. The sealed container containing the sample was placed in a high-temperature furnace. The furnace temperature was set to a predetermined value (950℃). The furnace was started and maintained at a stable temperature for a certain duration (120 min). The morphological changes of the material under high temperature were recorded. After the high-temperature treatment, the furnace was turned off, and the sample was allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. The sample was removed, and its morphological and color changes after cooling were recorded. The changes in morphology and color of each sample before and after high-temperature treatment were compared to evaluate the stability, degree of deformation, and whether melting or decomposition occurred at high temperatures.

[0094] Experimental Results: Fire extinguishing materials I-V exhibited excellent high-temperature resistance, solidifying into a stable structure under high-temperature treatment, maintaining morphological integrity and color stability, demonstrating good high-temperature resistance. Gel-based fire extinguishing materials solidified into a hard gel layer with stable morphology, forming a robust protective layer, with a slight color darkening. Inhibitor-based fire extinguishing materials showed little morphological change, essentially maintaining their original shape, although their volume slightly decreased, and their color remained largely unchanged. Grouting-based fire extinguishing materials partially solidified but still retained fluidity, potentially leading to incomplete oxygen isolation, resulting in a slight color darkening. Therefore, the high-temperature resistance ranking is: Fire extinguishing materials I-V > Gel-based fire extinguishing materials > Inhibitor-based fire extinguishing materials > Grouting-based fire extinguishing materials > Fire extinguishing materials VI-X > Fire extinguishing materials XI.

[0095] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0096] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A fire-resistant and fire-extinguishing material, characterized in that, The composition by weight is as follows: 8-24 parts fly ash, 0.1-0.5 parts modifier, 1-5 parts binder, 15-45 parts inorganic mineral materials, 3-8 parts foaming agent, 1-3 parts thickener, 0.5-2 parts flame retardant, and 15-35 parts water. The modifier is a silane coupling agent; the binder is alumina; the inorganic mineral material is a mixture of diatomaceous earth and expanded perlite; the foaming agent is a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; the thickener is polyacrylamide; the flame retardant is zinc borate; and the fly ash has a particle size of less than 100 μm.

2. The fire-resistant and extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire-fighting material is prepared as a colloidal solution.

3. The fire-resistant and extinguishing material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is 4:1; And / or, the mass ratio of the diatomaceous earth to the expanded perlite is 2:

1.

4. A method for preparing a fire-resistant and extinguishing material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The fire-fighting material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is obtained by mixing the various raw material components in proportion to obtain the fire-fighting material.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mixing process involves stirring for 20–40 minutes.

6. The application of a fire-resistant and extinguishing material in preventing and extinguishing mine fires, characterized in that, The fire-resistant and extinguishing material is the fire-resistant and extinguishing material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, or the fire-resistant and extinguishing material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 5.

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