A downward hole one-way microseismic monitoring sensor installation device and installation method

Abstract

A downward hole one-way microseismic monitoring sensor installation device and installation method, the device comprises a sensor posture adjusting constraint assembly and a sensor lowering guide assembly, and the sensor posture adjusting constraint assembly is used for placing the one-way microseismic monitoring sensor. Before the sensor is sent into the bottom of the downward hole, the sensor posture adjusting constraint assembly and the sensor lowering guide assembly are matched to realize accurate adjustment and positioning of the axial measurement end of the one-way microseismic monitoring sensor. During the falling process of the sensor, the axial measurement end of the sensor can be accurately kept. After the sensor reaches the hole bottom, the sensor posture adjusting constraint assembly can form reliable constraint between the sensor and the hole wall. When the cement mortar is injected, even if external factors such as cement mortar impact force exist, the orientation of the axial measurement end of the one-way microseismic monitoring sensor can be changed under the constraint, so as to ensure the stability of the microseismic signal collection quality of the one-way microseismic monitoring sensor, and further improve the monitoring effect of the stability of the rock mass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microseismic monitoring technology, and in particular relates to a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor installation device and installation method. Background Technology

[0002] The basic principle of microseismic monitoring technology is to collect microseismic wave information emitted during rock fracturing and displacement using microseismic sensors. This information is then analyzed and processed to determine the location, magnitude, number, and energy release of microseismic events. Quantitative microseismic theory is then used to describe the changes in the engineering mechanical properties of the rock mass, thereby assessing its stability. Compared to traditional stress and displacement deformation monitoring technologies, this technology can detect ongoing damage and progressive failure processes within the rock mass earlier, providing timely warnings of rock mass instability risks. It is increasingly being applied to rock mass stability monitoring.

[0003] Taking the installation of a unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor in a downward-facing hole as an example, the installation of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor is directly related to the quality of microseismic signal acquisition and is one of the important factors affecting the effectiveness of microseismic monitoring of rock mass stability.

[0004] Currently, in rock mass stability microseismic monitoring, unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensors are mostly installed using grouting. During installation, the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor needs to be first sent into the bottom of the hole along the downward hole, and then cement mortar is injected into the downward hole to couple the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor with the rock mass.

[0005] To ensure high-quality reception of microseismic signals by the axial measuring end of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor, the orientation of the axial measuring end should be as accurate as possible during installation. However, traditional installation methods have significant shortcomings in ensuring the accuracy of the axial measuring end orientation of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor.

[0006] ① Due to limitations of on-site construction conditions and the skill level of construction personnel, the accuracy of the drilling orientation of downward holes is usually not guaranteed. As a result, after the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor is sent to the bottom of the downward hole, the orientation of its axial measuring end will also be affected by the drilling orientation of the downward hole.

[0007] ② Even if the axial measuring end of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor is kept accurate after it is inserted into the bottom of the downward hole, the lack of constraint on the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor at the bottom of the downward hole means that external factors such as the impact force of the cement mortar, the buoyancy of the cement mortar, and the tensile force of the sensor signal line when the cement mortar is injected into the downward hole may cause the axial measuring end of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor to change.

[0008] Therefore, due to the limitations of the traditional installation method, the quality of microseismic signal acquisition by the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor is easily unstable, which in turn affects the monitoring effect of rock mass stability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an installation device and method for a unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor for downward-facing boreholes. Before the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor is inserted into the bottom of the downward-facing borehole, the orientation of the axial measuring end of the sensor can be precisely adjusted and positioned. During insertion, the orientation of the sensor's axial measuring end is precisely maintained. After the sensor reaches the bottom, a constraint is formed between the sensor and the borehole wall. When cement mortar is injected into the borehole, even with external factors such as the impact force, buoyancy, and tension of the sensor signal line, the constraint prevents the orientation of the sensor's axial measuring end from changing, thus ensuring the stability of the microseismic signal acquisition quality and improving the monitoring effect of rock mass stability.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a downward-facing hole unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor installation device, comprising a sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and a sensor lowering guide component; the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used to place the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor; the sensor lowering guide component is arranged along the axial direction of the downward-facing hole, with its bottom end placed at the bottom of the downward-facing hole and its top end placed above the opening of the downward-facing hole; the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used in conjunction with the sensor lowering guide component, and the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component has only linear movement freedom relative to the sensor lowering guide component.

[0011] The sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly includes a sensor sleeve, a left attitude adjustment constraint frame, and a right attitude adjustment constraint frame. The sensor sleeve adopts a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. A unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor is fixedly installed inside the sensor sleeve, and the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor is distributed on the same side as the open bottom of the sensor sleeve. A wire hole is provided on the top wall of the sensor sleeve, and the sensor signal line passes through the wire hole and exits the sensor sleeve. The left and right attitude adjustment constraint frames are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the sensor sleeve.

[0012] The left attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a left pivot plate, a left constraint slide plate, and a left pivot bolt assembly; one arm of the left pivot plate is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve; the left constraint slide plate is connected to the other arm of the left pivot plate through the left pivot bolt assembly.

[0013] The right attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a right pivot plate, a right constraint slide plate, and a right pivot bolt assembly; one arm of the right pivot plate is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve; the right constraint slide plate is connected to the other arm of the right pivot plate through the right pivot bolt assembly.

[0014] Both the left and right constraint slides adopt a square structure; the left constraint slide is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the left corner plate; the right constraint slide is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the right corner plate.

[0015] The sensor lowering guide assembly adopts a multi-segment assembly structure, including a mother segment guide rail and a child segment guide rail; there is one mother segment guide rail; there are several child segment guide rails; the mother segment guide rail and at least one child segment guide rail are connected in series; the left constraint slide plate or the right constraint slide plate has linear movement freedom along the mother segment guide rail and the child segment guide rail.

[0016] A left handle and a right handle are welded to the top of the main guide rail, respectively; the left handle and the right handle are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main guide rail; a left insertion slot and a right insertion slot are welded to the top of the main guide rail, respectively; the left insertion slot and the right insertion slot are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main guide rail.

[0017] A left and right insertion pin are welded to the top of the sub-segment guide rail, respectively; the left and right insertion pins are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail; a left and right insertion slot are welded to the bottom of the sub-segment guide rail, respectively; the left and right insertion slots are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail.

[0018] When the mother section guide rail and the child section guide rail are spliced, the left insertion slot of the mother section and the left insertion pin of the child section are inserted together, and the right insertion slot of the mother section and the right insertion pin of the child section are inserted together; the left insertion slot of the mother section and the left insertion pin of the child section are fixedly connected by a left guide rail splicing bolt assembly; the right insertion slot of the mother section and the right insertion pin of the child section are fixedly connected by a right guide rail splicing bolt assembly; when adjacent child section guide rails are spliced, the left insertion slot of the upper child section guide rail and the child section are connected together. The left insertion pins of the lower sub-section guide rail are inserted together, and the right insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail is inserted together with the right insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail; the left insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail and the left insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail are also fixedly connected by a left guide rail splicing bolt assembly; the right insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail and the right insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail are also fixedly connected by a right guide rail splicing bolt assembly.

[0019] A method for installing a downhole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor, using the aforementioned downhole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor installation device, includes the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Install the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor into the sensor sleeve, and pass the sensor signal wire out of the sensor sleeve through the wire hole;

[0021] Step 2: Connect the left constraint slide plate to the left transition plate using the left transition bolt assembly, and connect the right constraint slide plate to the right transition plate using the right transition bolt assembly;

[0022] Step 3: Adjust the deflection angle of the sensor sleeve along the vertical plane to directly adjust the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the vertical plane. Then tighten the left and right adapter bolt assemblies to complete the assembly of the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly.

[0023] Step 4: Select the number of sub-section guide rails according to the depth of the downward hole, and connect the main section guide rails and the selected sub-section guide rails in series to complete the assembly of the sensor lowering guide assembly.

[0024] Step 5: Insert the assembled sensor lower guide assembly into the downward hole until the bottommost sub-segment guide rail rests against the bottom of the downward hole;

[0025] Step 6: Hold the left and right handles at the top of the mother section guide rail and adjust the phase angle of the sensor lowering guide assembly in the downward hole along the horizontal plane to complete the indirect adjustment of the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the horizontal plane;

[0026] Step 7: Insert the left or right constraint slide of the assembled sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly into the mother section guide rail. At this time, the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly is directly limited in the horizontal plane by the sensor lowering guide assembly with the phase angle adjusted.

[0027] Step 8: Under the guidance of the sensor lowering guide assembly, until the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor falls to the bottom of the downward hole;

[0028] Step 9: Pull the sensor lowering guide assembly out of the downward hole, leaving the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor at the bottom of the downward hole;

[0029] Step 10: Inject cement mortar into the downward hole to couple the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor with the rock mass through the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and the cured cement mortar.

[0030] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0031] The present invention provides an installation device and method for a downward-facing borehole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor. Before inserting the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor into the bottom of the downward-facing borehole, it enables precise adjustment and positioning of the axial measuring end orientation of the sensor. During insertion, the orientation of the sensor's axial measuring end is precisely maintained. After the sensor reaches the bottom, a constraint is formed between the sensor and the borehole wall. When cement mortar is injected into the borehole, even with external factors such as impact, buoyancy, and tension of the sensor signal line, the constraint prevents the orientation of the sensor's axial measuring end from changing, thus ensuring the stability of the microseismic signal acquisition quality and improving the monitoring effect of rock mass stability. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of a downward-facing hole unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor mounting device according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a top view of a downward-facing hole unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor mounting device according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a side view of a downward-facing hole unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor mounting device according to the present invention;

[0035] In the diagram, 1—unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor, 2—downward hole, 3—sensor sleeve, 4—threading hole, 5—sensor signal line, 6—left transition plate, 7—left constraint slide plate, 8—left transition bolt assembly, 9—right transition plate, 10—right constraint slide plate, 11—right transition bolt assembly, 12—main section guide rail, 13—sub-section guide rail, 14—left handle, 15—right handle, 16—main section left insertion slot, 17—main section right insertion slot, 18—sub-section left insertion pin, 19—sub-section right insertion pin, 20—sub-section left insertion slot, 21—sub-section right insertion slot, 22—left guide rail splicing bolt assembly, 23—right guide rail splicing bolt assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] like Figures 1-3As shown, a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor mounting device includes a sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and a sensor lowering guide component. The sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used to place the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1. The sensor lowering guide component is arranged along the axial direction of the downward-facing hole 2, with its bottom end placed at the bottom of the downward-facing hole 2 and its top end placed above the opening of the downward-facing hole 2. The sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used in conjunction with the sensor lowering guide component, and the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component has only linear movement freedom relative to the sensor lowering guide component.

[0038] The sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly includes a sensor sleeve 3, a left attitude adjustment constraint frame, and a right attitude adjustment constraint frame. The sensor sleeve 3 has a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. A unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 is fixedly installed inside the sensor sleeve 3, with its axial measuring end distributed on the same side as the open bottom of the sensor sleeve 3. A wire hole 4 is provided on the top wall of the sensor sleeve 3, through which the sensor signal line 5 exits the sensor sleeve 3. The left and right attitude adjustment constraint frames are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the lateral walls of the sensor sleeve 3. In this embodiment, the sensor sleeve 3, the left attitude adjustment constraint frame, and the right attitude adjustment constraint frame are all made of steel.

[0039] The left attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a left pivot plate 6, a left constraint slide plate 7, and a left pivot bolt assembly 8; one arm of the left pivot plate 6 is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve 3; the left constraint slide plate 7 is connected to the other arm of the left pivot plate 6 through the left pivot bolt assembly 8.

[0040] The right attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a right pivot plate 9, a right constraint slide plate 10, and a right pivot bolt assembly 11; one arm of the right pivot plate 9 is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve 3; the right constraint slide plate 10 is connected to the other arm of the right pivot plate 9 through the right pivot bolt assembly 11.

[0041] Both the left constraint plate 7 and the right constraint plate 10 adopt a square structure; the left constraint plate 7 is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the left corner plate 6; the right constraint plate 10 is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the right corner plate 9.

[0042] The sensor lowering guide assembly adopts a multi-segment assembly structure, including a mother section guide rail 12 and a daughter section guide rail 13; there is one mother section guide rail 12; there are several daughter section guide rails 13; the mother section guide rail 12 and at least one daughter section guide rail 13 are connected in series; the left constraint slide plate 7 or the right constraint slide plate 10 has linear freedom of movement along the mother section guide rail 12 and the daughter section guide rail 13. In this embodiment, both the mother section guide rail 12 and the daughter section guide rail 13 are made of steel, and both the mother section guide rail 12 and the daughter section guide rail 13 are 1m long and 50mm wide, suitable for downward holes 2 with a diameter of 76mm and above.

[0043] A left handle 14 and a right handle 15 are welded to the top of the mother section guide rail 12, respectively; the left handle 14 and the right handle 15 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the mother section guide rail 12; a left insertion slot 16 and a right insertion slot 17 are welded to the top of the mother section guide rail 12, respectively; the left insertion slot 16 and the right insertion slot 17 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the mother section guide rail 12.

[0044] A left insertion pin 18 and a right insertion pin 19 are welded to the top of the sub-segment guide rail 13, respectively; the left insertion pin 18 and the right insertion pin 19 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail 13; a left insertion groove 20 and a right insertion groove 21 are welded to the bottom of the sub-segment guide rail 13, respectively; the left insertion groove 20 and the right insertion groove 21 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail 13.

[0045] When the mother section guide rail 12 and the child section guide rail 13 are spliced, the left insertion slot 16 of the mother section and the left insertion pin 18 of the child section are inserted together, and the right insertion slot 17 of the mother section and the right insertion pin 19 of the child section are inserted together; the left insertion slot 16 of the mother section and the left insertion pin 18 of the child section are fixedly connected by the left guide rail splicing bolt assembly 22; the right insertion slot 17 of the mother section and the right insertion pin 19 of the child section are fixedly connected by the right guide rail splicing bolt assembly 23; when adjacent child section guide rails 13 are spliced, the left insertion slot 20 of the upper child section guide rail 13 and the lower child section guide rail 13 are connected together. The left insertion pins 18 of the sub-segments of the square sub-segment guide rail 13 are inserted together, and the right insertion slot 21 of the upper sub-segment guide rail 13 is inserted together with the right insertion pin 19 of the lower sub-segment guide rail 13; the left insertion slot 20 of the upper sub-segment guide rail 13 and the left insertion pin 18 of the lower sub-segment guide rail 13 are also fixedly connected by the left guide rail splicing bolt assembly 22; the right insertion slot 21 of the upper sub-segment guide rail 13 and the right insertion pin 19 of the lower sub-segment guide rail 13 are also fixedly connected by the right guide rail splicing bolt assembly 23.

[0046] A method for installing a downhole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor, using the aforementioned downhole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor installation device, includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Insert the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 into the sensor sleeve 3, and pass the sensor signal line 5 out of the sensor sleeve 3 through the wire hole 4;

[0048] Step 2: Connect the left constraint slide plate 7 to the left transition angle plate 6 using the left transition bolt assembly 8, and connect the right constraint slide plate 10 to the right transition angle plate 9 using the right transition bolt assembly 11;

[0049] Step 3: Adjust the deflection angle of the sensor sleeve 3 along the vertical plane to complete the direct adjustment of the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 in the vertical plane. Then tighten the left adapter bolt assembly 8 and the right adapter bolt assembly 11 to complete the assembly of the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly.

[0050] Step 4: Select the number of sub-section guide rails 13 according to the depth of the downward hole 2, and connect the main section guide rail 12 and the selected sub-section guide rails 13 in series to complete the assembly of the sensor lowering guide assembly.

[0051] Step 5: Insert the assembled sensor lower guide assembly into the downward hole 2 until the bottommost sub-segment guide rail 13 rests against the bottom of the downward hole 2.

[0052] Step 6: Hold the left handle 14 and right handle 15 at the top of the mother section guide rail 12, and adjust the phase angle of the sensor lowering guide assembly in the downward hole 2 along the horizontal plane to complete the indirect adjustment of the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 in the horizontal plane.

[0053] Step 7: Insert the left constraint slide 7 or right constraint slide 10 of the assembled sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly into the mother section guide rail 12. At this time, the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 in the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly is directly limited in the horizontal plane by the sensor lowering guide assembly with the phase angle adjusted.

[0054] Step 8: Under the guidance of the sensor lowering guide assembly, until the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 falls to the bottom of the downward hole 2;

[0055] Step 9: Pull the sensor lowering guide assembly out of the downward hole 2, leaving the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor 1 at the bottom of the downward hole 2.

[0056] Step 10: Inject cement mortar into the downward hole 2 to couple the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1 with the rock mass through the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and the cured cement mortar.

[0057] When cement mortar is injected into the downward hole 2, due to the presence of sensor attitude adjustment constraint components between the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1 and the hole wall of the downward hole 2, especially the presence of the left constraint slide 7 and the right constraint slide 10, the hole wall of the downward hole 2 will hinder the movement of the left constraint slide 7 and the right constraint slide 10. This can form a reliable constraint between the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1 and the hole wall of the downward hole 2. Even under the influence of external factors such as the impact force of cement mortar, the buoyancy of cement mortar slurry, and the tensile force of sensor signal lines, the position of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1 can be effectively prevented from changing, ensuring the stability of the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1. This ensures the stability of the microseismic signal acquisition quality of the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor 1, thereby improving the monitoring effect of rock mass stability.

[0058] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or modifications that do not depart from the present invention are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mounting device for a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor, characterized in that: It includes a sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and a sensor lowering guide component; the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used to place a unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor; the sensor lowering guide component is arranged along the axial direction of the downward hole, with the bottom end of the sensor lowering guide component placed at the bottom of the downward hole and the top end of the sensor lowering guide component placed above the opening of the downward hole; the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component is used in conjunction with the sensor lowering guide component, and the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component has only linear movement freedom relative to the sensor lowering guide component; The sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly includes a sensor sleeve, a left attitude adjustment constraint frame, and a right attitude adjustment constraint frame. The sensor sleeve adopts a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. A unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor is fixedly installed inside the sensor sleeve, and the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor is distributed on the same side as the open bottom of the sensor sleeve. A wire hole is provided on the top wall of the sensor sleeve, and the sensor signal line passes through the wire hole and exits the sensor sleeve. The left and right attitude adjustment constraint frames are mirror-symmetrically arranged on the side walls of the sensor sleeve. The left attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a left pivot angle plate, a left constraint slide plate, and a left pivot bolt assembly; one arm of the left pivot angle plate is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve; the left constraint slide plate is connected to the other arm of the left pivot angle plate through the left pivot bolt assembly. The right attitude adjustment constraint frame includes a right transition angle plate, a right constraint slide plate, and a right transition bolt assembly; one arm of the right transition angle plate is fixedly welded to the side wall of the sensor sleeve; the right constraint slide plate is connected to the other arm of the right transition angle plate through the right transition bolt assembly. Both the left and right constraint slides adopt a square structure; the left constraint slide is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the left corner plate; the right constraint slide is parallel to and abuts against the other support arm of the right corner plate.

2. The mounting device for a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor lowering guide assembly adopts a multi-segment assembly structure, including a mother segment guide rail and a child segment guide rail; there is one mother segment guide rail; there are several child segment guide rails; the mother segment guide rail and at least one child segment guide rail are connected in series; the left constraint slide plate or the right constraint slide plate has linear movement freedom along the mother segment guide rail and the child segment guide rail.

3. The mounting device for a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A left handle and a right handle are welded to the top of the main guide rail, respectively; the left handle and the right handle are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main guide rail; a left insertion slot and a right insertion slot are welded to the top of the main guide rail, respectively; the left insertion slot and the right insertion slot are symmetrically distributed with respect to the main guide rail.

4. The mounting device for a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A left and right insertion pin are welded to the top of the sub-segment guide rail, respectively; the left and right insertion pins are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail; a left and right insertion slot are welded to the bottom of the sub-segment guide rail, respectively; the left and right insertion slots are distributed symmetrically with respect to the sub-segment guide rail.

5. The mounting device for a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the mother section guide rail and the child section guide rail are spliced, the left insertion slot of the mother section and the left insertion pin of the child section are inserted together, and the right insertion slot of the mother section and the right insertion pin of the child section are inserted together; the left insertion slot of the mother section and the left insertion pin of the child section are fixedly connected by a left guide rail splicing bolt assembly; the right insertion slot of the mother section and the right insertion pin of the child section are fixedly connected by a right guide rail splicing bolt assembly; when adjacent child section guide rails are spliced, the left insertion slot of the upper child section guide rail and the child section are connected together. The left insertion pins of the lower sub-section guide rail are inserted together, and the right insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail is inserted together with the right insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail; the left insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail and the left insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail are also fixedly connected by a left guide rail splicing bolt assembly; the right insertion slot of the upper sub-section guide rail and the right insertion pin of the lower sub-section guide rail are also fixedly connected by a right guide rail splicing bolt assembly.

6. A method for installing a downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor, employing the downward-facing hole unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor installation device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Install the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor into the sensor sleeve, and pass the sensor signal wire out of the sensor sleeve through the wire hole; Step 2: Connect the left constraint slide plate to the left transition plate using the left transition bolt assembly, and connect the right constraint slide plate to the right transition plate using the right transition bolt assembly; Step 3: Adjust the deflection angle of the sensor sleeve along the vertical plane to directly adjust the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the vertical plane. Then tighten the left and right adapter bolt assemblies to complete the assembly of the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly. Step 4: Select the number of sub-section guide rails according to the depth of the downward hole, and connect the main section guide rails and the selected sub-section guide rails in series to complete the assembly of the sensor lowering guide assembly. Step 5: Insert the assembled sensor lower guide assembly into the downward hole until the bottommost sub-segment guide rail rests against the bottom of the downward hole; Step 6: Hold the left and right handles at the top of the mother section guide rail and adjust the phase angle of the sensor lowering guide assembly in the downward hole along the horizontal plane to complete the indirect adjustment of the orientation of the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the horizontal plane; Step 7: Insert the left or right constraint slide of the assembled sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly into the mother section guide rail. At this time, the axial measuring end of the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor in the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly is directly limited in the horizontal plane by the sensor lowering guide assembly with the phase angle adjusted. Step 8: Under the guidance of the sensor lowering guide assembly, until the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor falls to the bottom of the downward hole; Step 9: Pull the sensor lowering guide assembly out of the downward hole, leaving the sensor attitude adjustment constraint assembly carrying the unidirectional micro-vibration monitoring sensor at the bottom of the downward hole; Step 10: Inject cement mortar into the downward hole to couple the unidirectional microseismic monitoring sensor with the rock mass through the sensor attitude adjustment constraint component and the cured cement mortar.

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