A method for improving olive fruit setting rate

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olive trees, the method comprising the following steps: drying roots: in spring or autumn, digging up the soil at the roots of olive trees until the main roots are exposed, and allowing the main roots to be dried outside for a period of time; covering with soil: covering the dried roots with soil mixed with organic fertilizer; fertilizing: in the winter of the following year, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer on the root area of ​​the olive trees; and thereafter, repeating step (3) every winter. The method provided by the present invention helps to improve the yield and quality of olive trees in high temperature and high humidity areas by effectively inducing the capillary roots of olive trees to float, improving the root system development, and improving the absorption capacity of water and nutrients, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the olive industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives. Background Art

[0002] Olive (Olea europaea L.) is an important economic tree species, and its fruit can be used to extract olive oil, which has high nutritional and economic value. In the past 10 years, China's olive-adaptable areas have started a boom in olive planting. However, in high-temperature and high-humidity areas, olive root rot is a common phenomenon, and olive growth is restricted to a certain extent. Therefore, how to improve the growth environment of olive in high-temperature and high-humidity areas and increase its yield and quality has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In addition, because olive trees are introduced from foreign countries, people do not know enough about their temperament, and the planting mode is mainly copied from the hole-digging planting mode in dry and hot valley areas such as Wudu in Longnan. The planting process is highly mechanized, and the tree holes are dug by excavators and then planted. Most of the parks have planted olive trees too deep, and after three years of planting, they become low-yield forests, with few fruits or only flowers but no fruits.

[0004] In view of this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olive trees; the method can improve the surface soil of olive trees, induce the capillary roots to float, improve the capillary root rot caused by problems such as waterlogging, thereby affecting nutrient absorption and further affecting the problem of flowering and fruiting.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Drying roots: In spring or autumn, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive tree until the taproot is exposed, and leave the taproot outside to dry for a while;

[0009] (2) Covering: Cover the roots after drying with soil mixed with organic fertilizer;

[0010] (3) Fertilization: In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer on the root area of ​​the olive tree;

[0011] (4) Repeat step (3) every winter thereafter.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), in spring, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 15 to 20 days; or in autumn, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 30 to 35 days.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (1), after the main root is exposed, the root is first irrigated with a fungicide and then aired.

[0014] Furthermore, the fungicide is a dilution of carbendazim, which is a 500-600 times dilution of carbendazim; and the dosage of the dilution of carbendazim is 30-40 kg / plant.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (2), after covering with soil, the thickness of the soil layer covering the main root is 20 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), when the root system is more than 20 cm below the ground surface, it is necessary to cover the soil twice; the thickness of the first covering soil layer is 20 cm; in the same period of the following year, the first covering soil layer is covered with soil mixed with organic fertilizer to a thickness of 15 to 20 cm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (2), the soil mixed with organic fertilizer has a mass percentage content of organic fertilizer of 30-40%.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (3), when the trunk diameter of the olive tree is ≥8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 80-120 kg / tree; when the trunk diameter of the olive tree is <8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 40-60 kg / tree.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (3), the root area of ​​the olive tree is the area extending outward from the trunk to the drip line of the crown.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (4), after two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilization is gradually reduced from the third year onwards, and the amount of fertilization is reduced by 20% based on the amount of fertilization in the previous year.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0022] The method provided by the present invention can effectively induce the capillary roots of olive trees to float, improve root development, and enhance the absorption capacity of water and nutrients, thereby helping to increase the yield and quality of olives in high temperature and high humidity areas and promoting the sustainable development of the olive industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a root system diagram after the olive capillary roots are induced to float up for five years by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a root system diagram of the initial stage of inducing olive capillary roots to float upward according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a root drying diagram of olive tree of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a growth diagram of the olive tree before the roots are dried;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a growth diagram of olive capillary roots induced to float five years after the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 A detailed diagram of the growth of capillary roots in the improved layer after capillary roots are induced in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a flowering diagram of an olive tree after the capillary roots are induced by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8-9 This is a diagram showing the results of olive trees after inducing capillary roots according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments are only to help understand the present invention and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The process parameters of the following embodiments that do not specify specific conditions are usually based on conventional conditions.

[0033] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of each range, the endpoint values ​​of each range and the individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be regarded as specifically disclosed in the present invention.

[0034] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (1) Drying roots: In spring or autumn, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive tree until the taproot is exposed, and leave the taproot outside to dry for a while;

[0036] (2) Covering: Cover the roots after drying with soil mixed with organic fertilizer;

[0037] (3) Fertilization: In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer on the root area of ​​the olive tree;

[0038] (4) Repeat step (3) every winter thereafter.

[0039] Most of the soil in high temperature and high humidity areas is heavy in clay particles, the temperature reaches more than 40 degrees, and the rainfall exceeds 800mm, which is concentrated in June-September. In addition, the soil is sticky and has poor permeability. The olive root system has been in a soil environment with excessive water content for a long time, especially the root system is poorly developed, resulting in obstruction of water and nutrient absorption. The severe capillary roots rot due to the lack of air permeability and the dual effects of high temperature. The main root and even the trunk also have cortical ulceration, which affects nutrient absorption and causes no flowering and fruiting. In the technical scheme of the present invention, the cortex of the main root and lateral root of the olive tree is repaired by airing the roots for a period of time, and the rotten parts of the main root and the cortex are dried, scabbed and fallen off, and the root system is restored to health; covering the soil with soil mixed with organic fertilizer can create an environment that the root system likes to grow, which is beneficial to the tendency of the root system and regenerates the root system. Under the action of organic fertilizer soil, the air permeability of the soil is improved, and while providing organic matter and nutrients, the soil structure has air permeability, achieving the purpose of inducing the capillary roots to float. It should be emphasized that the root drying method of the present invention is limited to drying roots in spring or autumn, and should not be used in winter. If the roots are dried in winter, the roots will be easily frostbitten after being dug up. However, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in the winter of the following year. Since organic matter decomposes every year, fertilization can not only supplement organic matter, but also achieve the effect of keeping the roots warm and avoid frostbite. By gradually improving the topsoil, utilizing the root system's fertility and the characteristics of olive cuttings that are easy to root, the capillary roots are induced to germinate and distribute in the improved topsoil layer, effectively inducing the olive capillary roots to float, solving the problem of nutrient absorption, and improving the yield and quality of olive (see attached Figure 1-6 shown).

[0040] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred implementation, in step (1), in spring, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 15 to 20 days (e.g., 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, 20 days); optionally, in autumn, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 30 to 35 days (e.g., 30 days, 31 days, 32 days, 33 days, 34 days, 35 days). Since autumn has just experienced the rainy season, the root cortex is severely damaged, so a longer exposure time is required.

[0041] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred embodiment, in step (1), after the taproot is exposed, the roots are first irrigated with a fungicide and then aired. Preferably, the fungicide is a dilution of carbendazim, which is a 500-600 times dilution of carbendazim; the dosage of the dilution of carbendazim is 30-40 kg / plant.

[0042] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred implementation, in step (2), after covering with soil, the thickness of the soil layer covering the taproot is 20 cm. If the soil is too thick, it will affect the air permeability of the soil.

[0043] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred implementation, in step (2), for trees planted too deep during planting, when the root system is more than 20 cm below the ground surface, it is necessary to cover the soil twice; the thickness of the first covering soil layer is 20 cm, and in the same period of the next year, the first covering soil layer is covered with soil mixed with organic fertilizer to a thickness of 15 to 20 cm. If the soil is covered too thickly at one time, it will affect the evaporation of soil moisture, resulting in excessive soil humidity and excessive soil water holding capacity, which will affect root respiration and oxygen absorption and affect the health of the taproot.

[0044] On the basis of the above scheme, as a preferred implementation mode, in step (2), the soil mixed with organic fertilizer has a mass percentage content of organic fertilizer of 30-40% (e.g., 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%).

[0045] On the basis of the above scheme, as a preferred implementation mode, in step (3), when the trunk diameter of the olive tree is ≥8cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 80-120kg / plant (e.g., 80kg / plant, 90kg / plant, 100kg / plant, 110kg / plant, 120kg / plant); when the trunk diameter of the olive tree is <8cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 40-60kg / plant (e.g., 40kg, 50kg, 60kg, 80kg).

[0046] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred implementation, in step (3), the root area of ​​the olive tree is the area extending from the trunk to the drip line of the crown.

[0047] Based on the above scheme, as a preferred implementation mode, in step (4), after two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied is gradually reduced from the third year onwards, and the amount of fertilizer applied is reduced by 20% based on the amount of fertilizer applied in the previous year.

[0048] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of the present invention. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. For example, a feature shown or described as a part of an embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desired that the present invention includes such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) In spring, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive trees until the taproot is exposed, and then irrigate the roots with a 600-fold dilution of carbendazim. The amount of carbendazim diluted per tree is 40 kg. After irrigating the roots, leave the taproots outside to dry in the sun for 20 days.

[0052] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 20 cm;

[0053] (3) In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer in the area extending from the trunk of the olive tree to the drip line of the crown; the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the diameter of the trunk of the olive tree. If the diameter is greater than or equal to 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 120 kg / tree; if the diameter is less than 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 60 kg / tree.

[0054] (IV) After two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced year by year starting from the third year, and the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced by 20% based on the amount applied in the previous year.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, comprising the following steps:

[0057] (i) In autumn, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive trees until the taproot is exposed, and then irrigate the roots with a 500-fold dilution of carbendazim. The amount of carbendazim diluted per tree is 30 kg. After irrigating the roots, leave the taproots outside to dry in the sun for 35 days.

[0058] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 30% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 20 cm;

[0059] (III) In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer in the area extending from the trunk of the olive tree to the drip line of the crown; the amount of fertilizer to be applied depends on the trunk diameter of the olive tree. If the diameter is greater than or equal to 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied is 80 kg / tree; if the diameter is less than 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied is 40 kg / tree;

[0060] (IV) After two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced year by year starting from the third year, and the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced by 20% based on the amount applied in the previous year.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] This embodiment provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, comprising the following steps:

[0063] (1) In spring, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive trees until the taproot is exposed, and then irrigate the roots with a 600-fold dilution of carbendazim. The amount of carbendazim diluted per tree is 40 kg. After irrigating the roots, leave the taproots outside to dry in the sun for 20 days.

[0064] (ii) If the root system is more than 20cm below the ground surface, cover the root system with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer after drying, with a thickness of 20cm; in the same period of the following year, cover the soil layer covered for the first time with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer to a thickness of 20cm;

[0065] (III) In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer in the area extending from the trunk of the olive tree to the drip line of the crown; the amount of fertilizer to be applied depends on the trunk diameter of the olive tree. If the diameter is greater than or equal to 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied is 120 kg / tree; if the diameter is less than 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied is 60 kg / tree;

[0066] (IV) After two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced year by year starting from the third year, and the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced by 20% based on the amount applied in the previous year.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives. The remaining step parameters are the same as those in Example 1, except that the soil mixed with organic fertilizer is not used for covering, but soil is directly used for covering, that is:

[0069] (2) Cover the root system after drying with soil, with a thickness of 20 cm.

[0070] Since this comparative example uses unimproved soil for direct covering, the problem of the breathable environment required by the root system is not solved. As a result of this comparative test, the root rot phenomenon is not improved and the floating phenomenon of capillary roots is not obvious.

[0071] Comparative Example 2

[0072] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, comprising the following steps:

[0073] (1) In winter, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive trees until the taproot is exposed, and then irrigate the roots with a 600-fold dilution of carbendazim. The amount of carbendazim diluted per tree is 40 kg. After irrigating the roots, leave the taproots outside to dry in the sun for 20 days.

[0074] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 20 cm;

[0075] (3) In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer in the area extending from the trunk of the olive tree to the drip line of the crown; the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the diameter of the trunk of the olive tree. If the diameter is greater than or equal to 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 120 kg / tree; if the diameter is less than 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 60 kg / tree.

[0076] (IV) After two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced year by year starting from the third year, and the amount of fertilizer applied will be reduced by 20% based on the amount applied in the previous year.

[0077] In this comparative example, after the roots were dried in winter, the olive trees suffered more severe freezing than other olive trees, with the tender tips at the top freezing, losing water and drying up, and the bark of the fruit-bearing branches freezing and cracking.

[0078] Comparative Example 3

[0079] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, and the remaining step parameters are the same as those of Example 1, except that step (iv) is not implemented;

[0080] (1) In spring, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive trees until the taproot is exposed, and then irrigate the roots with a 600-fold dilution of carbendazim. The amount of carbendazim diluted per tree is 40 kg. After irrigating the roots, leave the taproots outside to dry in the sun for 20 days.

[0081] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 20 cm;

[0082] (3) In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer in the area extending from the trunk of the olive tree to the drip line of the crown; the amount of fertilizer applied depends on the diameter of the trunk of the olive tree. If the diameter is greater than or equal to 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 120 kg / tree; if the diameter is less than 8 cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 60 kg / tree.

[0083] The result of this comparative example is that capillary roots sprouted in the topsoil layer in the second year after the implementation of the scheme, but the capillary roots gradually declined in the later period. Due to the interruption of the scheme, the capillary roots did not develop further.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives, and the remaining step parameters are the same as those of Example 1, the only difference being that the soil is mixed with organic fertilizer, wherein the mass percentage content of the organic fertilizer is 20%.

[0086] In this comparative example, due to the low content of organic fertilizer, the soil improvement effect is poor, and the development of capillary roots is not as good as that in Example 1.

[0087] Comparative Example 5

[0088] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives. The remaining step parameters are the same as those in Example 1, except that the thickness of the covering soil is different, namely:

[0089] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 30 cm.

[0090] In this comparative example, since the thickness of the covering soil is too thick, the water content of the root layer in the rainy season is difficult to drop to 70%, and the phenomenon of capillary root rot still occurs.

[0091] Comparative Example 6

[0092] This comparative example provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of olives. The remaining step parameters are the same as those in Example 1, except that the thickness of the covering soil is different, namely:

[0093] (ii) Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with 35% organic fertilizer, with a thickness of 10 cm.

[0094] In this comparative example, since the thickness of the soil cover is too thin, during the drought in late spring and early summer, the evaporation is greater than the rainfall, and the water content of the soil in the root layer is too low, resulting in water loss and inactivation of the capillary roots.

[0095] Test Example 1

[0096] In Shiyan and Chengdu, Hubei, olive trees with roots more than 20 cm below the ground were subjected to root system comparison and flowering and fruit setting comparison respectively with and without capillary root induction according to the method of Example 3; the root growth was measured manually, and the specific results are shown in Table 1-2:

[0097] Table 1 Root system comparison

[0098]

[0099] Table 2 Comparison of flowering and fruiting

[0100] Group Fruit setting Average yield per plant (kg / plant) No capillary root buoyancy Few flowers, no fruit 0 Inducing capillary roots to float in the first year The number of flowers doubled, and they can hold fruits 1.4 Inducing capillary roots to float in the second year Normal flowering and fruit setting 9.4 Inducing capillary roots to float in the third year The amount of flowers increased 10 times, high yield 23.6

[0101] The above test results show that: due to the failure to induce the capillary roots to float, the capillary roots of the olive tree rot, and only the main root survives; the amount of flowers is very small, the fruit cannot be set, and the yield per plant is 0; after the method of Example 3 is used to induce the capillary roots to float, the root growth of the olive tree increases year by year, the root level can reach 4 levels of roots in the third year after the improvement, and the amount of flowers increases by 10 times, the yield is high, and the average yield per plant reaches 23.6kg / plant. It can be seen that the method provided by the present invention can effectively induce the capillary roots of olive to float, improve the development of the root system, and improve the absorption capacity of water and nutrients, which is helpful to improve the yield and quality of olives in high temperature and high humidity areas and promote the sustainable development of the olive industry.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the fruit setting rate of olives, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Drying the roots: In spring or autumn, dig up the soil around the roots of the olive tree until the taproot is exposed, and leave the taproot outside to dry for a while; (2) Soil covering: Cover the root system after drying with soil mixed with organic fertilizer; when the root system is more than 20 cm below the ground surface, cover the soil twice; the thickness of the first covering soil layer is 20 cm; in the same period of the following year, cover the first covering soil layer with soil mixed with organic fertilizer to a thickness of 15-20 cm; the mass percentage of organic fertilizer in the soil mixed with organic fertilizer is 30-40%; (3) Fertilization: In the winter of the following year, spread decomposed organic fertilizer on the root area of ​​the olive tree; When the trunk diameter of the olive tree is ≥8cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 80~120kg / tree; when the trunk diameter of the olive tree is <8cm, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 40~60kg / tree; (4) Repeat step (3) every winter thereafter; after two years of continuous fertilization, the amount of fertilizer applied will be gradually reduced starting from the third year, with the amount of fertilizer applied being reduced by 20% from the amount applied in the previous year; In step (1), in spring, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 15 to 20 days; or in autumn, the taproot is exposed to the sun for 30 to 35 days; In step (1), after the taproot is exposed, the roots are first irrigated with a fungicide and then aired; The fungicide is a dilution of carbendazim, which is a 500-600 times dilution of carbendazim; the dosage of the dilution of carbendazim is 30-40 kg / plant; In step (3), the root area of ​​the olive tree is the area extending from the trunk to the drip line of the crown.

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