A method for improving soil fertility of newly reclaimed land and soil conditioner used therein

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for improving the fertility of newly reclaimed land and a soil conditioner used therein, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. The soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 70 parts of organic raw materials, 2 to 3 parts of microbial agents, and 16 to 23 parts of mineral raw materials; wherein the organic raw materials include seaweed, waste mushroom sticks of edible fungi, waste vegetables and fruits, wheat bran and livestock feces; the microbial agent is composed of Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus; the mineral raw materials include potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone powder and modified attapulgite powder. The method for improving the fertility of newly reclaimed land according to the present invention can significantly improve the nutrient composition of the soil of the newly reclaimed land, increase the nutrient content, improve the basic fertility of the soil, ensure the production capacity of the land, and ensure the yield and quality of the crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a method for improving the fertility of newly reclaimed land and a soil improver used therein. Background Art

[0002] As the most valuable natural resource among land resources, cultivated land is the key to agricultural development. Based on this, in order to ensure the balance between cultivated land occupation and compensation, many places have carried out large-scale land development and reclamation and supplementary cultivated land construction, but the newly developed and reclaimed land generally has problems such as poor basic fertility, low nutrient content, and low production capacity. Therefore, it is hoped to propose a plan for soil improvement and soil fertility improvement for newly reclaimed cultivated land with low basic soil fertility to improve the quality of cultivated land. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the basic fertility and nutrient content of newly reclaimed land and ensuring the production capacity of the newly reclaimed land.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides a soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 to 70 parts of organic raw materials, 2 to 3 parts of microbial agents and 16 to 23 parts of mineral raw materials;

[0006] The organic raw materials include seaweed, waste mushroom sticks, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure;

[0007] The microbial agent is composed of Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus;

[0008] The mineral raw materials include potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone powder and modified attapulgite powder.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of the seaweed, the waste edible mushroom sticks, the vegetable and fruit waste, the wheat bran and the livestock manure is: 3-5:6-8:10-13:3-5:2;

[0010] The ratio of the effective viable bacteria count of Bacillus velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in the microbial agent is 2-3:2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2, and the total effective viable bacteria count is (7-12)×10 8 CFU / g.

[0011] Preferably, the mass ratio of the potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone and modified attapulgite powder is: 4-6:1:6-7:3-4:2-5.

[0012] The preparation method of the soil conditioner of the present invention is as follows: cut the waste edible mushroom sticks into 4-8 cm 2 Small pieces are exposed to the sun for 3 to 5 days, mixed with seaweed, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure, added with microbial agents, and fermented at 40 to 45°C, turning the pile every 5 to 7 days, and fermenting for a total of 30 to 40 days. After the fermentation is completed, mineral raw materials are added.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land, comprising the following steps:

[0014] (1) digging trenches on the newly reclaimed land, mixing the excavated soil with the soil conditioner, and adding water to backfill;

[0015] (2) Turning and drying the backfilled soil and rotary tilling;

[0016] (3) Planting green manure crops on newly reclaimed land after rotary tillage;

[0017] (4) harvesting the green manure crop in step (3), chopping it into pieces, spreading it on the soil surface, spraying it with the above-mentioned microbial agent, letting it stand, and turning it over to dry in the sun.

[0018] Preferably, the depth of the groove is 10-15 cm, the width is 15-25 cm, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 40-50 cm;

[0019] The mass ratio of the soil, fertilizer and water is 10-12:5-7:1.

[0020] Preferably, the soil is turned over and dried every 6 to 8 days, 3 to 4 times, and the depth of rotary tillage is 15 to 25 cm.

[0021] Preferably, the green manure crop is one or more of Chinese milk vetch, alfalfa, ryegrass, crown grass or Indian mustard.

[0022] Preferably, the green manure plants are harvested and chopped into pieces of 1.0 to 1.5 cm, mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1 to 3:1, and spread on the soil surface with a thickness of 3 to 6 cm.

[0023] Preferably, the microbial agent in step (4) is diluted with water at a ratio of 1 g: 2-3 L of water, and the spraying amount is 400-500 L / mu. After spraying, the soil is left to stand for 3-5 days, and then turned over and dried every 6-8 days, for 4-5 times.

[0024] The present invention selects a variety of raw materials with high organic matter content, which can effectively increase the organic matter content in the soil and improve soil fertility after being matched with the microbial agent provided by the present invention, and the addition of mineral raw materials enriches the soil nutrient composition and can meet various needs in the process of crop growth. In addition, the present invention also plants some green manure crops, which, after a certain period of growth, are turned into the soil for decomposition and can be directly used as green manure, which can provide the soil with a variety of nutrients and a large amount of organic matter, improve soil structure, promote soil maturation, and enhance soil fertility.

[0025] The soil conditioner provided by the present invention is made of raw materials rich in organic matter that are fermented by microbial agents and then mixed with mineral raw materials. Assisted by the method for improving the fertility of newly reclaimed land provided in the present application, it can significantly improve the nutrient composition of the newly reclaimed soil, increase the nutrient content, improve the basic fertility of the soil, ensure the production capacity of the land, and ensure the yield and quality of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of organic raw materials, 2 parts of microbial agents, and 18 parts of mineral raw materials; wherein the organic raw materials are seaweed, waste mushroom sticks of edible fungi, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure, and the mass ratio thereof is 3:6:11:3:2; the microbial agents are Bacillus velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus, and the ratio of the effective live bacteria count thereof is 2:2:2:1:1, and the total effective live bacteria count is 8×10 8 CFU / g; the mineral raw materials are potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone and modified attapulgite powder, and their mass ratio is: 4:1:6:4:3.

[0029] The preparation method of the soil conditioner is as follows: cut the waste edible mushroom sticks into 4 cm 2 Small pieces are exposed to the sun for 5 days, mixed with seaweed, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure, added with microbial agents, and fermented at 45°C, turning the pile every 7 days for a total of 35 days. After the fermentation is completed, mineral raw materials are added and mixed evenly.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of organic raw materials, 2 parts of microbial agents, and 20 parts of mineral raw materials; wherein the organic raw materials are seaweed, waste mushroom sticks of edible fungi, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran, and livestock manure, and the mass ratio thereof is 4:8:13:3:2; the microbial agents are Bacillus velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, and the ratio of their effective live bacteria counts is 3:3:2:1:1, and the total effective live bacteria count is 1×10 9 CFU / g; the mineral raw materials are potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone and modified attapulgite powder, and their mass ratio is: 6:1:7:4:2.

[0032] The preparation method of the soil conditioner in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 66 parts of organic raw materials, 3 parts of microbial agents, and 20 parts of mineral raw materials; wherein the organic raw materials are seaweed, waste mushroom sticks of edible fungi, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran, and livestock manure, and the mass ratio thereof is 5:8:13:5:2; the microbial agents are Bacillus velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, and the ratio of the effective live bacteria count thereof is 3:3:2:2:2, and the total effective live bacteria count is 1.2×10 9 CFU / g; the mineral raw materials are potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone and modified attapulgite powder, and their mass ratio is: 5:1:6:3:5.

[0035] The preparation method of the soil conditioner in this example is the same as that in Example 1.

[0036] Example 4

[0037] A method for improving soil fertility of newly reclaimed land comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) A groove with a depth of 15 cm and a width of 20 cm was dug every 50 cm on the newly reclaimed land, the excavated soil was mixed with the soil conditioner described in Example 3, and water was added to backfill the soil. The mass ratio of the soil, soil conditioner and water was 12:5:1;

[0039] (2) The backfilled soil was turned over and dried every 7 days, and turned over and dried 4 times, and rotary tilled to a depth of 25 cm;

[0040] (3) In early September, Chinese astragalus was planted on newly cultivated land after rotary tillage, with a sowing rate of 1.0 kg / mu;

[0041] (4) In mid-March of the following year, the astragalus was harvested, the whole plant was chopped into 1.0 cm pieces, mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 2:1, and spread on the soil surface with a thickness of 5 cm. The microbial agent in Example 3 was sprayed (diluted with water at a ratio of 1 g: 2.5 L, and the spraying amount was 450 L / mu), and the pieces were left to stand for 5 days. The pieces were turned over and dried every 7 days for 4 times.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] The difference from the method given in Example 4 is that an equal amount of soil improving organic matter (commercially available, fermented and decomposed from cow dung and sheep dung, with an organic matter content of ≥40%, N+P2O5+K2O≥4%) is used to replace the soil conditioner in step (1).

[0044] The microbial agent used in step (4) is the microbial agent used in Example 4.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] The difference from the method given in Example 4 is that the soil conditioner in step (1) and the microbial agent used in step (4) are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Aspergillus oryzae and Candida utilis, and the ratio of the effective viable bacteria is 3:3:3:1:2, and the total effective viable bacteria is 1.2×10 9 CFU / g.

[0047] Test Example 1

[0048] Before the experiment, the soil index of the newly reclaimed land was measured, and the land with the measured index was divided into 12 plots. Four treatments were set up, namely the control group (no treatment), comparative example 1 group, comparative example 2 group and embodiment 4 group, each group had three replicates, and the area of ​​each plot was 16m 2 , after each group of treatment was completed, soil samples from the topsoil of each plot were collected on the 60th day, and soil nutrient indicators such as soil bulk density, pH value, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined by conventional analytical methods (according to NY / T 1121-2006, NY / T295-1995, NY / T 149-1990 and NY / T 889-2004). Among them, bulk density was determined by ring knife method; pH value was determined by redox potential method; organic matter was determined by oil bath heating potassium dichromate oxidation-volume method; total nitrogen content was determined by concentrated sulfuric acid digestion-semi-micro Kjeldahl method; available phosphorus was determined by hydrochloric acid-ammonium fluoride extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method (Bray method); available potassium content was determined by ammonium acetate extraction-flame photometry.

[0049] The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0050] Table 1 Nutrient index

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 1, compared with the control group before the test, the method for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land provided by the present invention can significantly improve the nutrient composition of the soil of newly reclaimed land. As shown in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the components of the soil conditioner of the present invention have a synergistic effect, and the technical effect is better after being supplemented by the method for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land provided by the present invention.

[0053] Test Example 2

[0054] Four groups of experiments were set up, namely the control group (no treatment), comparative example 1 group, comparative example 2 group and embodiment 4 group, each group had three replicates, a total of 12 plots, each plot had an area of ​​16 cm 2 After each treatment was completed, a planting experiment was conducted (all treatments were completed by the end of April of the following year). The crop was corn, the variety was Yuyuan 209, the sowing time was early May of the following year, and the plant spacing was 0.6m. After harvest, the average yield per mu of corn and the crude protein, crude fat, crude starch, and lysine content in corn were calculated, as shown in Table 2:

[0055] Table 2

[0056] Yield (kg / mu) Crude protein / % Crude fat / % Crude starch / % Lysine / % Control group 654.45 6.54 3.54 60.42 0.17 Comparative Example 1 731.54 7.42 4.21 67.12 0.21 Comparative Example 2 843.12 8.34 4.84 72.54 0.28 Example 4 921.59 9.13 5.56 80.24 0.31

[0057] As shown in Table 2, compared with the control, corn yield increased by 52.46%, and crude protein, crude fat, crude starch and lysine contents all increased. Compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the soil conditioner used in the present invention has the best effect on increasing crop yield, and the obtained crop quality is also the best. It can be seen that using the method of the present invention to improve soil can significantly increase crop yield, improve crop quality, and significantly improve the production capacity of land.

[0058] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land, characterized in that: The method is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of organic raw materials, 2-3 parts of microbial agents and 16-23 parts of mineral raw materials; The organic raw materials are composed of seaweed, waste mushroom sticks, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure in a mass ratio of 3-5:6-8:10-13:3-5:2; The microbial agent is composed of Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The ratio of the effective live bacteria counts of Bacillus Velez, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Streptomyces jingyangensis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in the microbial agent is 2-3:2-3:1-2:1-2:1-2, and the total effective live bacteria count is (7-12)×10 8 CFU / g; The mineral raw materials consist of potassium feldspar powder, phosphate rock powder, limestone powder, medical stone powder and modified attapulgite powder.

2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the potassium feldspar powder, the phosphate rock powder, the limestone powder, the medical stone and the modified attapulgite powder is 4-6:1:6-7:3-4:2-5.

3. The method for preparing the soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cut the waste mushroom sticks into 4~8cm pieces 2 Small pieces are exposed to the sun for 3-5 days, mixed with seaweed, vegetable and fruit waste, wheat bran and livestock manure, added with microbial agents, and fermented at 40-45℃, turning the pile every 5-7 days, for a total of 30-40 days. After the fermentation is completed, mineral raw materials are added.

4. A method for improving the soil fertility of newly reclaimed land using the soil conditioner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Digging trenches on the newly reclaimed land, mixing the excavated soil with the soil conditioner, and adding water to backfill; (2) Turn over and till the backfilled soil; (3) Planting green manure crops on newly reclaimed land after rotary tillage; (4) Harvest the green manure crop in step (3) and chop it into pieces, mix it with humus soil, spread it on the soil surface, spray it with the microbial agent described in claim 1, let it stand, and turn it over to dry in the sun.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The depth of the groove is 10-15 cm, the width is 15-25 cm, and the distance between two adjacent grooves is 40-50 cm; The mass ratio of the soil, soil conditioner and water is 10-12:5-7:

1.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The soil is turned over and dried every 6 to 8 days, 3 to 4 times, and the depth of rotary tillage is 15 to 25 cm.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The green manure crop is one or more of Chinese milk vetch, alfalfa, ryegrass, coronaria or Indian mustard.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The green manure crop is harvested and chopped into pieces of 1.0-1.5 cm, mixed with humus soil in a ratio of 1-3:1, and spread on the soil surface with a thickness of 3-6 cm.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The microbial agent described in step (4) is diluted with water at a ratio of 1 g: 2-3 L of water, and the spraying amount is 400-500 L / mu. After spraying, let it stand for 3-5 days, then turn it over and dry it every 6-8 days, and turn it over and dry it 4-5 times.

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