Commercialized whole-promoting cultivation method of paeonia lactiflora

Abstract

The present application relates to the cultivation technology field of Paeonia lactiflora, and specifically provides a commercial full-promoting cultivation technology of Paeonia lactiflora. The present application provides a method for Paeonia lactiflora to bloom in off-season. After dwarfing treatment at the Paeonia lactiflora budding stage in April, the swollen flower buds are removed, and the Paeonia lactiflora is subjected to gradient low-temperature treatment in August. The conditions of the gradient low-temperature treatment are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 5-7 DEG C in the first week; the temperature is controlled at 1-5 DEG C in the second week; the temperature is controlled at 0-5 DEG C in the third week; the temperature is controlled at -3-8 DEG C in the fourth week; the temperature is controlled at -10 DEG C in the fifth week; the temperature is controlled at -3-5 DEG C in the sixth week; the temperature is controlled at 0-5 DEG C in the seventh to eleventh weeks, and the Paeonia lactiflora is harvested in December. The method provided by the present application can obtain Paeonia lactiflora fresh flowers in winter, effectively increases the types of fresh flowers in winter, and enriches the winter flower market.

Description

A commercially viable fully forcing cultivation method for peonies Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of peony cultivation technology, and in particular to a commercially viable fully forcing cultivation method for peonies. Background Technology

[0002] Peonies, with their slender branches and graceful blossoms, are often praised as "flower fairies" and "flower ministers." Their fresh and refined appearance, coupled with their delicate fragrance, makes them deeply loved by the public. Especially in the context of consumption upgrading, fresh peonies have become highly sought after, bringing new development opportunities to the peony industry. The market for cut peonies is generally from April to June; however, the short season cannot meet the demand of a wide range of consumers.

[0003] By employing commercially available forced cultivation techniques, field peony seedlings are potted in advance and subjected to low-temperature treatment to break flower bud dormancy, thus enabling peonies to be available on the market during the Spring Festival (February to March). This period coincides with the Spring Festival, Valentine's Day (popular among young people), and International Women's Day (March 8th), leading to a significant increase in cut flower sales. This not only enriches the variety of flowers in my country's winter cut flower market but also increases local economic income, contributes to rural revitalization, and promotes the high-quality development of the flower industry.

[0004] In the current technology, few peonies can be sold during the Spring Festival. Although exploration of selling peonies out of season has begun recently, the off-season peonies obtained have a shorter flowering period during the Spring Festival and the quality of the flowers is lower than that of peonies that bloom normally. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method for fully forcing peony cultivation, which solves the problem of poor bud quality when peonies bloom out of season in the prior art.

[0006] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for peony to bloom in winter. After dwarfing treatment during the peony budding period in April, the enlarged flower buds are removed. In August, the peony is subjected to gradient low-temperature treatment. The conditions for the gradient low-temperature treatment are as follows: the temperature is controlled at 5~7℃ in the first week; 1~5℃ in the second week; 0~5℃ in the third week; -3~8℃ in the fourth week; -10℃ in the fifth week; -3~5℃ in the sixth week; and 0~5℃ in the seventh to eleventh weeks. Fresh cut peony flowers are harvested in December.

[0007] The low-temperature treatment process provided by this invention simulates the temperature changes of peony in the field after harvest, allowing the peony to complete the entire dormancy process, fully accumulate the energy required for growth, and completely break dormancy through low temperature, thus making full preparations for the next step of promoting flowering.

[0008] In existing technologies, 7 weeks of cold storage at 0-4℃ is typically used to break the dormancy of peonies. This invention has found that 7 weeks of cold storage for mid-to-late-flowering varieties cannot completely break plant dormancy, which can affect the forcing cultivation of peonies. Excessive cold storage can promote plant growth but reduces flower quality. Through years of observation and research, this invention has found that to simulate the temperature changes and duration during field growth of peonies and achieve the required chilling level for peony plants, approximately 70-80 days (11 weeks) are needed to effectively break plant dormancy and improve flowering quality.

[0009] Meanwhile, this invention also discovered that the state of peony plants before low-temperature treatment is closely related to the breaking of dormancy. This invention is the first to propose dwarfing and bud-removing treatment of peonies before low-temperature treatment, which can fully ensure root growth during the peony's growing season, allowing for better absorption of nutrients from the substrate, providing energy for forced cultivation, and improving flowering quality.

[0010] Based on this, in a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for fully forcing peony cultivation, comprising: selecting peony seedlings for potting to obtain potted peonies from early September to late October of the first year; and treating the potted peonies using the above method in the second year.

[0011] In the peony full-forcing cultivation method provided by the present invention, the swollen flower buds are removed in time during the peony flowering period in April to prevent the peony from flowering, which can promote the growth of the peony root system and is conducive to obtaining off-season peonies that flower in December of winter.

[0012] The method for fully forcing peony cultivation provided by this invention involves dwarfing treatment not only during the budding stage of potted peonies, but also during the leaf expansion stage, color development stage, and full bloom stage of potted peonies; the dwarfing treatment conditions are 20~40 mg·L. -1 Uniconazole.

[0013] In the fully forcing cultivation method for peony provided by the present invention, the culture medium for peony is: coconut coir: vermiculite: perlite: sheep manure in a volume ratio of 3:1:1:1.

[0014] The method for fully forcing peony cultivation provided by this invention involves treating potted peonies with low temperature, humidity and light in a greenhouse, including: controlling the greenhouse temperature at 9~15℃ from October 10 to October 25, controlling the greenhouse temperature at 15~20℃ from October 26 to November 20, and controlling the greenhouse temperature at 20~25℃ from November 20 until flowering.

[0015] In the method for fully forcing peony cultivation provided by this invention, when the greenhouse is subjected to temperature, humidity and light treatment, the humidity inside the greenhouse is controlled at 60% during the day and 80-90% at night.

[0016] The method for fully forcing peony cultivation provided by this invention involves applying gibberellin to the flower buds after low-temperature treatment when the bud diameter is 0.4cm to 0.8cm; and applying gibberellin again when the bud diameter is 1 to 1.2cm.

[0017] The method for fully forcing peony cultivation provided by this invention uses gibberellin at a concentration of 600 mg / L to 1000 mg / L.

[0018] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for fully forcing peony cultivation includes the following steps:

[0019] (1) Seedling selection and treatment: From early September to late October of the first year, select healthy peony cut flower seedlings that are free from pests and diseases. Soak them in 500-800 times diluted carbendazim and rooting powder for 1 hour, and then dry them for later use.

[0020] (2) Potting peony: Disinfect and sterilize the flowerpots, and then plant the treated seedlings in the flowerpots. The volume ratio of coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure in the substrate is 3:1:1:1.

[0021] The optimal substrate moisture level is when the substrate is squeezed tightly in your hand and then crumbles when you release it. Fill a small amount of substrate into the flowerpot, place the peony roots vertically in the pot, and fill the pot with soil layer by layer while compacting it to ensure close contact between the substrate and the roots. Finally, cover the soil to a height 1cm above the buds and 3-5cm below the rim of the pot for easy watering, and tamp the substrate down with a stick.

[0022] (3) Water and fertilizer management for potted peonies: From November to July of the following year, water thoroughly every 8 to 10 days. Potted peonies cannot obtain water from the soil and are more prone to drought than field peonies. If the weather is sunny and dry, spray water appropriately every week. The relative humidity of the air is generally 60% to 80%, and ventilation can be adjusted according to the weather.

[0023] Apply organic fertilizer before winter and water once before the ground freezes to ensure the seedlings are not damaged by frost. Water once after the ground thaws in spring. When the plants sprout, start applying compound fertilizer to ensure the nutrient supply for flowering and increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After flowering, focus on phosphorus fertilizer.

[0024] (4) Pest and disease control for potted peonies: From March to July of the following year, when the plants have grown to 20-30 cm and the leaves have not yet unfolded, spray with Sedifol. When the leaves unfold and before harvest, apply a systemic fungicide. After each rain, spray with a systemic fungicide in time, and apply methyl thiophanate to the underside of the leaves.

[0025] (5) Dwarfing treatment for potted peonies: From March to July of the following year, spray the leaves with 40 mg / L acetamiprid during the four periods of leaf expansion, budding, color development and full bloom.

[0026] (6) Remove buds from potted peonies: In April of the following year, after dwarfing treatment, remove the swollen buds of peonies during the budding period. After removing the buds, spray fungicide in time.

[0027] (7) Low temperature treatment of potted peonies: They should be placed in cold storage starting in early August of the following year. The temperature should be controlled at 5~7℃ in the first week; 1~5℃ in the second week; 0~5℃ in the third week; -3~8℃ in the fourth week; -10℃ in the fifth week; -3~5℃ in the sixth week; and 0~5℃ in the seventh to eleventh weeks.

[0028] (8) Temperature, humidity and light treatment of potted peonies in greenhouses: After 11 weeks of low-temperature treatment, greenhouse forcing cultivation began in October of the following year. Dead branches were pruned from the potted plants, and they were disinfected by watering before being placed in the greenhouse. Plant growth and development were controlled by temperature regulation within the greenhouse. During the early stage (germination period) (October 10th to October 25th), the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 9-15℃; during the middle stage (growth period) (October 26th to November 20th), the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 15-20℃; and during the late stage (budding period) (November 20th to flowering), the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 20-25℃. Humidity within the greenhouse was controlled at 60% during the day and 80-90% at night. The duration of light exposure within the greenhouse should be controlled to approximately 13 hours, and artificial lighting can be provided.

[0029] (9) Greenhouse management of potted peonies: After the shoots emerge, the pots should be rotated every day to ensure that the plants grow evenly. When the flower buds are 0.4cm to 0.8cm in diameter, apply 600 mg / L gibberellin to the flower buds twice; when the flower buds are 1.2cm in diameter, apply 1000 mg / L gibberellin to the flower buds once more.

[0030] (10) Pest and disease control in potted peony greenhouses: The management of pests and diseases in potted peony greenhouses is the same as that of field peony. Special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of gray mold. Ventilation and humidity should be reduced in a timely manner according to the occurrence of gray mold. In severe cases, fumigation with pesticides can be carried out for prevention and control.

[0031] (11) Harvesting potted peony flowers: 55 to 65 days after entering the greenhouse, at the end of December of the following year, when the flower buds show color and the outer petals loosen, the peony cut flower harvesting period begins. Harvesting is carried out before 10 am or after 5 pm.

[0032] (12) After harvesting peony flowers, prune: retain 5-10cm of sprouts, retain 2 buds without buds, remove the rest, and remove the side buds.

[0033] Thirdly, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned method for fully forcing peony cultivation in advancing the flowering period of peony.

[0034] As understood by those skilled in the art, the method provided by this invention can be used to adjust gradient low-temperature conditions based on the flowering characteristics of different peony varieties and the desired flowering period of the peony.

[0035] Fourthly, the present invention provides peony products, which are obtained using the above-mentioned fully forcing cultivation method for peonies, and the peony products are fresh cut peony flowers or potted peony plants.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0037] (1) This invention increases the resistance of peonies to adverse conditions, the reserve of nutrients, and the growth and development of the root structure by potting them a year in advance for adaptive cultivation, which greatly improves the flowering level and cut flower quality of potted peonies.

[0038] (2) This invention, through precise temperature control in cold storage, simulates the temperature changes in the field, allowing peonies to enter the cold storage for 11 weeks to break dormancy, and then quickly enter an artificial greenhouse for 55 to 66 days of forcing cultivation. This allows potted peonies to be available on the market around the Spring Festival. By seizing the golden period for flower sales during the Spring Festival, the peony blooming period is greatly advanced, the variety of flowers for the New Year is enriched, consumer demand is met, the value of the product is increased, and the income of flower farmers is significantly increased.

[0039] (3) This invention allows ground-planted peonies to be planted in pots. Taking advantage of their easy mobility, the invention enables the switching and connection between open fields, cold storage and artificial greenhouses. The entire environment for peony growth (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) is simulated artificially to ensure that all physiological processes of the plant during the growing season proceed normally and produce high-quality flowers in advance.

[0040] (4) The present invention uses potted plants to effectively reduce the growth of weeds, lower the cost of manual weeding, and save a lot of labor. It also eliminates the harm caused by severe weather to the growth of peonies.

[0041] (5) The peony flowers cultivated by this invention can not only be sold as cut flowers, but also as whole pots, opening up a new way of selling products and greatly improving the economic growth of the industry.

[0042] In summary, this invention obtains off-season peonies while ensuring peony quality, resulting in off-season peonies with excellent flower quality. Specifically, the peony forcing cultivation method provided by this invention, through a combination of long-term gradient low-temperature treatment with dwarfing and bud removal operations during the forcing process, successfully obtains off-season peonies that bloom in December, with high flower quality and good growth status. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0044] Before using the invention in greenhouses and cold storage, the greenhouses and cold storage facilities should be cleaned. Two days before moving the potted plants in, the plants should be fumigated with 45% carbendazim fumigant for 24 hours, followed by ventilation for 24 hours.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] This embodiment provides a method for fully forcing peony cultivation. The variety used in this embodiment is 'Salad'. The specific steps are as follows:

[0047] (1) Seedling selection and treatment: From early September to late October of the first year, select healthy, disease-free, and high-quality three-year-old peony cut flower seedlings, soak them in 500-800 times diluted carbendazim and rooting powder for 1 hour, and then dry them for later use.

[0048] (2) Potting Peonies: Disinfect and sterilize the flowerpots, and plant the treated seedlings in 6-gallon flowerpots. The volume ratio of coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure in the substrate is 3:1:1:1. The optimal substrate moisture is when the substrate is squeezed tightly by hand and then crumbles when released. Fill the flowerpot with a small amount of substrate, place the peony roots vertically in the pot, and fill the soil layer by layer while compacting it to ensure close contact between the substrate and the roots. Finally, cover the soil to a height 1cm above the buds and 3-5cm below the rim of the pot for easy watering. Tamp the substrate firmly with a wooden stick.

[0049] (3) Water and fertilizer management for potted peonies: From November to July of the following year, potted peonies are managed in sync with field peonies. Watering should be done according to soil moisture, generally using drip irrigation. Potted peonies cannot obtain water from the soil and are more prone to drought than field peonies. They are usually watered thoroughly every 8 to 10 days. If the weather is sunny and dry, spray water appropriately every week. The relative humidity of the air is generally 60% to 80%, and ventilation can be adjusted according to the weather.

[0050] Apply organic fertilizer before winter and water once before the ground freezes to ensure the seedlings are not damaged by frost. Water once after the ground thaws in spring. When the plants sprout, start applying compound fertilizer to ensure the nutrient supply for flowering and increase the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After flowering, focus on phosphorus fertilizer.

[0051] (4) Pest and disease control for potted peonies: From March to July of the following year, when the plants have grown to 20-30 cm and the leaves have not yet unfolded, spray with Sedifol. When the leaves unfold and before harvest, apply a systemic fungicide. After each rain, spray with a systemic fungicide in time, and apply methyl thiophanate or similar fungicide to the underside of the leaves.

[0052] Specifically, to ensure that peonies are free from diseases and pests, spray them weekly with a mixture of 50% chlorothalonil (500x dilution) and 75% carbendazim (500x dilution), or a mixture of 50% chlorothalonil (500x dilution) and 70% thiophanate-methyl (800-1000x dilution), alternating between the two solutions.

[0053] (5) Dwarfing treatment for potted peonies: From March to July of the following year, spray the leaves with 40 mg / L acetamiprid during the four periods of leaf expansion, budding, color development and full bloom.

[0054] (6) Bud removal for potted peonies: In April of the following year, after dwarfing treatment, remove the swollen flower buds during the budding stage of the peony to ensure the overall nutrition of the plant and the growth of the roots. Spray fungicide promptly after bud removal.

[0055] (7) Low-temperature treatment of potted peonies: Starting in early August of the following year, the peonies were moved into the cold storage. The entire cold storage was first sterilized and disinfected, and the refrigeration equipment was tested. The potted peonies were then moved into the cold storage. The temperature was controlled at 5~7℃ in the first week; 1~5℃ in the second week; 0~5℃ in the third week; -3~8℃ in the fourth week; -10℃ in the fifth week; -3~5℃ in the sixth week; and 0~5℃ in the seventh to eleventh weeks.

[0056] (8) Temperature, humidity and light treatment of potted peonies in greenhouse: After 11 weeks of low temperature treatment, the dormancy of the plants is broken. The seedlings are then moved into the greenhouse, where the temperature and humidity are controlled.

[0057] Specifically, in October of the following year, greenhouse forcing cultivation began. After pruning dead branches and disinfecting the potted plants, they were placed in the greenhouse. Plant growth and development were controlled by temperature regulation within the greenhouse: 9-15℃ in the early stage (germination period) (October 10th to October 25th), 15-20℃ in the middle stage (growth period) (October 26th to November 20th), and 20-25℃ in the late stage (budding period) (November 20th to flowering). Humidity was maintained at 60% during the day and 80-90% at night. Light exposure was to be approximately 13 hours per day, with artificial lighting provided as needed.

[0058] (9) Greenhouse management of potted peonies: The management of potted peonies in the greenhouse is the same as that of field peonies, including timely watering, fertilization, and dwarfing treatment according to the time schedule. After the shoots emerge, the pots should be rotated daily to ensure uniform growth of the plants. When the flower buds are 0.4cm to 0.8cm in diameter, apply 600 mg / L gibberellin to the flower buds twice; when the flower buds are 1.2cm in diameter, apply 1000 mg / L gibberellin to the flower buds once more.

[0059] (10) Pest and disease control in potted peony greenhouses: The management of pests and diseases in potted peony greenhouses is the same as that of field peony. Special attention should be paid to the prevention and control of gray mold. Ventilation and humidity should be reduced in a timely manner according to the occurrence of gray mold. In severe cases, fumigation with pesticides can be carried out for prevention and control.

[0060] (11) Harvesting potted peony flowers: 55 to 65 days after entering the greenhouse, at the end of December of the following year, when the flower buds show color and the outer petals loosen, the peony cut flower harvesting period begins. Harvesting is carried out before 10 am or after 5 pm.

[0061] (12) Pruning of peony flowers after harvesting: Conventional peony cut flowers retain 3-5 leaves at the base of the original branch for photosynthesis. Since forcing cultivation of peonies may result in dwarfing of the plant or less vigorous growth of branches and leaves, the limitation of flower branch length may not bring the maximum ornamental and economic value if cut as ordinary cut flowers are used. Therefore, conventional methods are not suitable for forcing cultivation of cut flowers. The cutting method used in this invention is to retain 5-10cm of sprouts, retain 2 non-budding buds, remove the others, and remove lateral buds.

[0062] This cultivation method also allows peonies to be sold as potted plants.

[0063] Example 2: Different cultivation substrates for potted peonies

[0064] Research on cultivation substrates is a crucial step in modernizing cultivation and reflects the trend towards lighter and more diversified development in the floriculture industry. Therefore, studying the composition and proportions of cultivation substrates is of paramount importance.

[0065] This invention selects 3-year-old peony 'Salad' with uniform growth vigor, each plant retaining 7-8 buds as the experimental target. The soil attached to the roots is washed away, and any remaining roots are trimmed appropriately and disinfected. The mixed substrate is disinfected according to the set ratio and then filled into flowerpots with an upper diameter of 25 cm, a lower diameter of 27 cm, and a height of 28-30 cm. The treated seedlings are then planted into the flowerpots, ensuring the roots are evenly distributed during potting.

[0066] Three experimental groups were set up, with peat moss, perlite, and vermiculite as the control matrix ratio; the matrix ratios for different treatment groups by volume were as follows:

[0067] The matrix used in the control group (CK) was peat moss: perlite: vermiculite = 3:1:1;

[0068] The substrate used in treatment group 1 (T1) was peat moss: mushroom residue: perlite = 4:2:2;

[0069] The substrate used in treatment group 2 (T2) was coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure = 3:1:1:1.

[0070] Before planting, samples were taken from different substrates. The bulk density and total porosity of each substrate under different treatments were determined by saturated extraction method. The pH value and electrical conductivity (EC) of each substrate under different treatments were also determined by extraction method.

[0071] During the peak blooming period of peonies, the stem diameter, maximum flower diameter, number of flowers (number of flowering branches per pot / percentage of total sprouting branches) of each potted peony were recorded, as well as the plant height of the peonies after flowering.

[0072] After the above-ground parts of potted peonies stopped growing, one potted plant was randomly selected from each of the different treatments to measure the biomass of its stems, leaves, and roots.

[0073] The experimental data were organized, statistically analyzed, and processed using Excel. The results are as follows.

[0074] (1) Physicochemical property analysis of different matrices

[0075] As shown in Table 1, the bulk density of the control group (CK) was 0.25 g / cm³. 3 The T2 treatment had the lowest bulk density, at 0.20 g / cm³. 3 The total porosity of the control group was 63.83%, with T2 having the highest total porosity at 67.5%. The pH values ​​of all treatment groups were weakly acidic, with the control group having a pH of 7.38 and the T2 treatment group having the lowest pH value at 7.02. The EC value of the control group was 2.03 mS / cm, with the T1 treatment group having the highest EC value at 2.25 mS / cm.

[0076] Table 1 Physicochemical properties of matrices with different ratios

[0077]

[0078] (2) Effects of different substrates on the growth and flowering indicators of "Salad"

[0079] During the peak blooming period of peonies, the flower diameter, flowering period, number of flowers, and plant height of 'Salad' were recorded (see Table 2). Among the different treatment groups, the flower diameter in the control group was 8.3 cm, while that in T2 was the largest at 9.2 cm. The flowering period in both the control and T2 groups was 5 days, one day longer than T1. In terms of flower count, the T2 group had the most flowers (6 flowers / plant), followed by the control group (5 flowers / plant), while the T1 group had the fewest (4 flowers / plant). The plant height in the T2 group was the highest at 64.06 cm, while the control group and T1 group had similar heights of 59.95 cm and 61.31 cm, respectively.

[0080] Table 2. Flowering indicators of "Salad" under different substrates

[0081]

[0082] (3) Effects of different substrates on the biomass and root growth of "salad"

[0083] After the above-ground parts of the peony stopped growing, one plant was randomly selected from each treatment group, and the biomass of its stems, leaves and roots was measured. Biomass represents the growth and development results of the peony, and the root-to-shoot ratio reflects the correlation between the above-ground and underground parts of the peony.

[0084] As shown in Table 3, among the different treatment groups, the total dry weight of the potted peony control group was 374.9g, the total dry weight of the T1 treatment group was the smallest at 377.1g, and the total dry weight of the T2 treatment group was the largest at 392.6g. The root dry weight accounted for the largest proportion of the total dry weight of the peony. The measurement results show that the treatment groups with the maximum and minimum root dry weight were basically the same as the total dry weight. The root-to-shoot ratio of the control group was 4.87, which was similar to the 4.83 of the T1 treatment group, while the root-to-shoot ratio of the T2 treatment group was 4.98.

[0085] Table 3. Biomass and root growth of *Saladica pubescens* under different substrates

[0086]

[0087] In summary, the effects of mixing coconut coir, vermiculite, perlite, and sheep manure in specific proportions on the growth and development of peony varied. Analysis of flowering indicators, biomass, and root growth revealed that among the three different substrate ratios, treatment group T2 (coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure = 3:1:1:1) was more suitable for peony growth and development, promoting biomass accumulation and exhibiting better physicochemical properties.

[0088] Example 3: Different dwarfing treatments for potted plants

[0089] The test material was a robust and uniformly growing 'Salad' 3-year-old divided seedling, with 7-8 buds retained on each seedling. The treated seedlings were planted in flower pots with an upper diameter of 25 cm, a lower diameter of 27 cm, and a pot height of 28-30 cm. The substrate was coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure = 3:1:1:1. The test agents were paclobutrazol and uniconazole.

[0090] The mass concentrations of paclobutrazol were 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg·L⁻¹. -1 The mass concentrations of uniconazole were 20, 40, and 60 mg·L⁻¹. -1 Each mass concentration was treated using two methods: root irrigation and foliar spraying.

[0091] The root drenching treatment was performed immediately after potting, with 300 mL per pot each time, and repeated every 10 days for a total of 4 times. A water treatment served as a control. Three plants were treated each time, with 3 replicates.

[0092] Foliar spraying should begin when the plants reach 5-15 cm in height (leaf expansion). Use a pressure sprayer to spray until both sides of the leaves are moistened but not dripping. Ensure isolation between treatments. Use 500 mL per pot per application, repeating every 10 days for a total of 4 applications. A water treatment serves as a control. Three plants are treated per application, with three replicates.

[0093] Test items and methods:

[0094] (1) Plant height: The height from the soil level in the pot to the highest point of the plant was measured using a measuring tape. (2) Stem thickness: The stem thickness was measured using a vernier caliper at a point 10 cm below the base of the flower bud using the cross-cutting method. (3) Flower diameter: The diameter of the flower was measured by randomly selecting open flowers using a vernier caliper using the cross-cutting method.

[0095] Data processing: Experimental data were organized and tabulated using Excel 2010, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 software. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.

[0096] Table 4 Effects of paclobutrazol on peony plants

[0097]

[0098] Note: Different lowercase letters listed in the table represent the significance level of P < 0.05.

[0099] Table 5 Effects of uniconazole on peony plants

[0100]

[0101] Note: Different lowercase letters listed in the table represent the significance level of P < 0.05.

[0102] Tables 4 and 5 show that, compared with the control, all treatments, including root drenching and foliar spraying, reduced the plant height of peony plants to varying degrees, with the effect becoming more significant as the concentration of the pesticide increased. The stem thickness data shows that all treatments increased the stem diameter of the plants to varying degrees, with the effect becoming more pronounced as the concentration of the pesticide increased.

[0103] However, data on flower diameter showed that the changes in flower diameter between the two treatments were not statistically significant. When the paclobutrazol concentration was increased to 400 mg / L... -1 The plants exhibited symptoms of pesticide damage, resulting in failure to flower and inhibiting their overall growth and development. However, in the three treatments using uniconazole as described in this invention, the plants were able to flower normally.

[0104] In summary, foliar spraying is superior to root drenching in terms of treatment method, and paclobutrazol is superior to uniconazole in terms of pesticide selection. From the perspective of potted plant ornamental value, 40 mg·L⁻¹ -1 Foliar spraying of a specific concentration of tebuconazole yields the best results.

[0105] Example 4: Different Low-Temperature Treatment Times for Potted Peonies

[0106] In this embodiment, three-year-old 'Salad' peonies with uniform growth vigor were selected as experimental materials. Under different cold storage durations, suitable cold storage methods for cut flower forcing cultivation were screened out.

[0107] The substrate used in this embodiment has a volume ratio of 3:1:1:1: coconut coir: vermiculite: perlite: sheep manure; the optimal substrate moisture content is when the substrate is squeezed tightly by hand and then crumbles when released.

[0108] The flowerpots used in this embodiment are 30cm diameter plastic pots. After sterilization, the plants were potted. Ten plants were used in each treatment.

[0109] This embodiment divides the refrigeration time into three levels: 'salad' is refrigerated for 7 weeks, 9 weeks and 11 weeks at 0~4℃.

[0110] In this embodiment, the methods used in potting peonies, water and fertilizer management of potted peonies, pest and disease control of potted peonies, dwarfing of potted peonies, bud removal of potted peonies, temperature, humidity and light treatment of potted peonies in greenhouses, water and fertilizer management of potted peonies in greenhouses, pest and disease control of potted peonies in greenhouses, and harvesting of fresh potted peonies are the same as those used in Example 1.

[0111] Indoor vase insertion: 4% sucrose + 1% CaCl2 + 200 mg / L 8-hydroxyquinoline was used as the pretreatment solution, and distilled water was used as the vase insertion solution.

[0112] Throughout the vase arrangement period, the indoor temperature does not change much, with a maximum temperature of 17~23℃ and a minimum temperature of 9~15℃, which is quite suitable for cut flowers in vases.

[0113] Three pots were randomly selected, and the number of flowers (number of flowers), plant height (total height of the plant), flower diameter (maximum diameter when in full bloom), and vase life (number of days from initial bloom to withering) of the plants were observed and recorded.

[0114] The experimental data were organized, statistically analyzed, and processed using Excel. The results are as follows.

[0115] Table 6. Effects of different temperature gradients on forcing cultivation of 'Salad' plants

[0116]

[0117] During the peak blooming period of peonies, the plant height, vase life, number of flowers, and flower diameter of 'Salad' were recorded (see Table 6). Among the different treatment groups, after 11 weeks of cold storage, the plant height, vase life, number of flowers, and flower diameter were better than those after 9 weeks and 7 weeks of cold storage.

[0118] Example 5: Different Low-Temperature Treatments for Potted Peonies

[0119] Three-year-old 'Salad' peony plants with uniform growth vigor were selected as experimental materials. The study investigated different cold storage gradients to screen for suitable cold storage methods for cut flower forcing cultivation. The substrate ratio was 3:1:1:1 (coconut coir:vermiculite:perlite:sheep manure, by volume); 30cm diameter plastic pots were used. Plants were potted after sterilization. Ten plants were used in each treatment.

[0120] This embodiment will compare the refrigeration temperature gradient under 11 weeks of refrigeration with the condition of 0~4℃ without temperature gradient change.

[0121] First treatment group (T1): The same refrigeration temperature gradient as step (7) of Example 1.

[0122] Control group (CK): refrigerated at 0~4℃ for 11 weeks.

[0123] In this embodiment, the methods used in potting peonies, water and fertilizer management of potted peonies, pest and disease control of potted peonies, dwarfing of potted peonies, bud removal of potted peonies, temperature, humidity and light treatment of potted peonies in greenhouses, water and fertilizer management of potted peonies in greenhouses, pest and disease control of potted peonies in greenhouses, and harvesting of fresh potted peonies are the same as those used in Example 1.

[0124] Indoor vase insertion: 4% sucrose + 1% CaCl2 + 200 mg / L 8-hydroxyquinoline was used as the pretreatment solution, and distilled water was used as the vase insertion solution.

[0125] Throughout the vase arrangement period, the indoor temperature does not change much, with a maximum temperature of 17~23℃ and a minimum temperature of 9~15℃, which is quite suitable for cut flowers in vases.

[0126] Three pots were randomly selected, and the number of flowers (number of flowers), plant height (total height of the plant), flower diameter (maximum diameter when in full bloom), and vase life (number of days from initial bloom to withering) of the plants were observed and recorded.

[0127] The experimental data were organized, statistically analyzed, and processed using Excel. The results are as follows.

[0128] Table 7. Effects of different temperature gradients on forcing cultivation of 'Salad' plants

[0129]

[0130] During the peak blooming period of peonies, the plant height, vase life, number of flowers, and flower diameter of 'Salad' were recorded (see Table 7). Temperature gradient treatment simulating field temperatures (T1) significantly improved plant height, vase life, number of flowers, and flower diameter compared to cold storage without temperature gradient (CK). Breaking the dormancy of peony plants through gradient temperature changes using cold storage technology is more conducive to plant growth and development, and improves flowering performance.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fully forcing peony cultivation, characterized in that, In early September to late October of the first year, peony seedlings were selected and potted to obtain potted peonies. In April of the second year, during the peony budding stage, dwarfing treatment was performed, and the enlarged flower buds were removed. In August of the second year, the peonies underwent gradient low-temperature treatment. The conditions for the gradient low-temperature treatment were as follows: week 1, temperature controlled at 5~7℃; week 2, temperature controlled at 1~5℃; week 3, temperature controlled at 0~5℃; week 4, temperature controlled at -3~8℃; week 5, temperature controlled at -10℃; week 6, temperature controlled at -3~5℃; week 7~11, temperature controlled at 0~5℃. Fresh cut peonies were harvested in December of the second year.

2. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In addition to dwarfing treatment during the budding stage of potted peonies, dwarfing treatment was also applied during the leaf expansion stage, color development stage, and full bloom stage of potted peonies; the dwarfing treatment conditions were 20~40 mg·L. -1 Foliar application of tebuconazole.

3. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The potting substrate for the peony is a mixture of coconut coir, vermiculite, perlite, and sheep manure in a volume ratio of 3:1:1:

1.

4. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, After low-temperature treatment, the potted peonies were subjected to greenhouse temperature, humidity and light treatment, including: from October 10 to October 25, the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 9~15℃; from October 26 to November 20, the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 15~20℃; and from November 20 until flowering, the greenhouse temperature was controlled at 20~25℃.

5. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The humidity inside the greenhouse is controlled at 60% during the day and 80-90% at night.

6. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, After gradient low-temperature treatment, when the flower bud diameter is 0.4cm~0.8cm, gibberellin is applied to the flower bud; when the flower bud diameter is 1~1.2cm, gibberellin is applied to the flower bud again.

7. The method for fully forcing peony cultivation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The concentration of gibberellin used is 600 mg / L to 1000 mg / L.

8. The application of the peony fully-forcing cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in advancing the flowering period of peonies.

9. Peony products, characterized in that, The peony product is obtained using the fully forcing cultivation method of peony as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the peony product is either fresh cut peony flowers or potted peony plants.

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