A three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles and implementation method

Abstract

The invention relates to a soil arching effect device between piles of a three-dimensional embankment and an implementation method thereof, wherein the soil arching effect device between piles of a three-dimensional embankment comprises a model box and at least one group of water tank units, wherein the model box is filled with a test soil sample, and seepage holes are provided around the interior of the model box; each of the water tanks is provided with a water supply and drainage control system, wherein the water supply and drainage control system is used to control a preset height of a water head in the water tank, and to seep water into the model box through the seepage holes; the top and bottom of the model box are respectively provided with a loading system and a movable door system, and further comprises a storage device and a data acquisition and analysis system, wherein the storage device is used to collect test soil samples of seepage, and the data acquisition and analysis system is used to analyze the test soil samples collected in the storage device, thereby solving the problem that the prior art lacks a test device for studying multi-horizontal and vertical seepage and complex vertical load conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of simulation test of soil arching effect between piles of pile-supported embankments, and in particular to a three-dimensional soil arching effect device between piles of embankments and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In coastal areas of my country, silt sand strata rich in groundwater are widely distributed. Pile-supported embankments, as an underground structure widely used in coastal areas, are often accompanied by uneven settlement of soil between piles after completion, thus forming soil arch effect between piles. The seepage of groundwater will cause the loss of fine particles in the soil between piles (seepage) and the collapse of the soil skeleton. In addition, a variety of complex loads act on the surface of the embankment, thus inducing disasters such as road collapse and settlement. It is the key to prevent and control the seepage disaster of underground engineering to explore the bearing capacity of the embankment and the stability of the soil arch structure in the process of seepage in the soil between piles and complex loads on the soil surface. Due to the complexity of the internal structure formed after the embankment filling is backfilled, the groundwater seepage around it is multi-directional, and the embankment will be periodically subjected to a variety of complex loads after the completion of the embankment. After the completion of the embankment, the evolution law of the soil arch formed by the soil between the piles of the embankment is often difficult to effectively monitor. This situation leads to the randomness of the seepage direction and load form of the soil between the piles, and the difficulty of monitoring the working condition after completion.

[0003] The current research on soil arching effect between piles of pile-supported embankments mainly focuses on the influence of horizontal seepage in a single direction on the soil arching effect, that is, only the interference of seepage in one horizontal direction on the soil arching effect is considered, ignoring the multi-directional influence of seepage, which is inconsistent with the actual project. Moreover, the evolution law of soil arching between piles after the completion of the actual project is often difficult to effectively monitor. Therefore, how to control multi-horizontal and vertical seepage and complex vertical loads in indoor experiments to carry out research on soil erosion and soil arching effect between piles and automatic data collection, analysis and prediction is a major challenge in the current research on soil erosion and load problems of soil arching effect in soil. Therefore, it is urgent to design a new test device to overcome the limitations of existing research methods, so as to study the soil erosion and complex load phenomenon of soil arching effect between piles of pile-supported embankments under multi-horizontal and vertical seepage conditions and realize automatic data collection, analysis and prediction. Summary of the invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional soil arch effect device between embankment piles, which aims to solve the problem that the prior art lacks a test device for studying multi-horizontal and vertical seepage and complex vertical load conditions; the second purpose is to provide an implementation method for the soil arch effect device between three-dimensional embankment piles.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, on the one hand, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles, comprising a model box and at least one group of water tank units, wherein the model box is filled with a test soil sample, and water seepage holes are provided around the interior of the model box; the water tank unit comprises two water tanks, which are respectively installed on opposite sides of the model box;

[0007] Each of the water tanks is provided with a water supply and drainage control system, which is used to control the preset height of the water head in the water tank and to infiltrate water into the model box through the water seepage holes;

[0008] The top and bottom of the model box are respectively provided with a loading system and a movable door system, and the loading system is located above the model box and is used to apply a load to the test soil sample;

[0009] The movable door system includes a plurality of movable door components, each of which can independently perform an ascending or descending action; or synchronously cooperate to jointly perform an ascending or descending action to perform a quasi-static displacement simulation;

[0010] It also includes a storage device and a data acquisition and analysis system. The storage device is used to collect test soil samples of seepage, and the data acquisition and analysis system is used to analyze the test soil samples collected in the storage device.

[0011] Further, the model box comprises a support column, a soil-covering bearing plate, a plurality of vertical filter plate clips and a plurality of filter plates, the soil-covering bearing plate is mounted on the support column, each of the vertical filter plate clips is fixedly connected to the soil-covering bearing plate, one of the filter plates is detachably mounted between adjacent vertical filter plate clips, and each of the filter plates is enclosed together to form a frame structure;

[0012] There are multiple water seepage holes, and the apertures of the multiple water seepage holes are consistent and neatly distributed on the filter plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the water supply and drainage control system includes a plurality of head control valves. Along the height direction of the water tank, each of the head control valves is arranged at intervals on the water tank for controlling the height of the water head in the water tank. The top and bottom of the water tank are respectively provided with an injection valve and a drainage valve. The side of the water tank is provided with a vertically set scale, and the bottom of the water tank is provided with a first sand and soil water flow collection hole.

[0014] Further, the number of the movable door assemblies is nine and they are arranged in a 3×3 manner;

[0015] The movable door assembly comprises a movable door displacement unit and a movable block, wherein the movable block is installed above the movable door displacement unit, and the movable door displacement unit can drive the movable block to rise or fall.

[0016] Furthermore, a completely penetrating second sand and water flow collecting hole is provided on the movable block, and a filter screen is detachably connected above the second sand and water flow collecting hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the movable door displacement unit includes a servo motor and a movable door displacement mechanism, the movable door displacement mechanism is a telescopic support, and the servo motor is located below the movable door displacement mechanism and can drive the movable door displacement mechanism to extend or shorten.

[0018] Furthermore, a buckle is provided on the movable door displacement mechanism, and the storage device is fixed on the movable door displacement mechanism through the buckle. The storage device is located at the bottom of the second sand and water collection hole and is used to collect sand and water.

[0019] Furthermore, the data acquisition and analysis system includes a data collector, a computer equipped with data analysis software and a data transmission device. The storage device is connected to the data collector through the data transmission device, and the computer is connected to the data collector and analyzes the collected data.

[0020] Furthermore, the loading system includes a servo oil source control box, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a loading rod, a loading plate, a tooling frame and a plurality of guide control rods, one end of the first connecting rod is connected to the servo oil source control box, the other end of the first connecting rod is connected to the second connecting rod, and the second connecting rod is connected to the loading plate through the loading rod;

[0021] The loading plate is loaded on the tooling frame, and each of the guide control rods is fixed on the loading plate. The guide control rods are used to limit the loading plate; the servo oil source control box can be extended or shortened to control the loading plate to rise or fall.

[0022] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a method for implementing a three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles, using the three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles as described above, the method comprises the following steps:

[0023] Preparation of test soil samples: Mix soil samples of coarse and fine grading intervals, dry them, add water and stir them to reach the required moisture content, and store them in sealed bags to balance the moisture in the test soil samples;

[0024] Layered compaction: according to the experimental conditions, the soil pressure box is buried in the upper surface of the movable block and the bottom of the model box, and the test soil samples are laid in layers with equal thickness in the model box. The soil samples are laid by wet tamping method, so that each layer of the test soil samples is compacted to the target porosity. After the last layer is laid, the soil sample is flush with the top of the scale on the outside of the water tank;

[0025] Test steps: Select a suitable filter plate according to the experimental design conditions, control the servo motor to move one or more movable blocks downward at a small speed, and the servo motor controls the quasi-static displacement of the movable blocks to simulate the process of soil arch development, record the soil pressure box readings, and analyze the development of soil arch;

[0026] Seepage erosion: Open the water injection valve on the top of one of the water tanks, and water flows into the water tank through the water injection valve, gradually increasing the water head difference between the water tank and the bottom of the model box, and controlling the water head height through the water head control valve; the test soil sample in the model box is gradually eroded by the seepage, and the fine particles in the soil sample are continuously carried into another water tank by the water flow, and the fine particles of sand and water are collected;

[0027] Data analysis: Use software to analyze the collected data and train AI models to predict the development and evolution of soil arching effect.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] 1. During the seepage simulation, when the water level in the water tank is higher than the soil sample in the model box, the water will flow into the test soil sample in the storage chamber through the seepage holes around the model box, and the test soil sample will be gradually eroded by the seepage; on the one hand, the water flow carries the sand and soil fine particles and moves in the horizontal direction. The fine particles in the test soil sample are continuously brought into the water outlet box at the other end of the water inlet tank by the water flow. The sand and soil fine particles and the water flow flow into the receiving device through the first sand and soil water flow collection hole. The collected data are then processed and analyzed using the data acquisition and analysis system to study the influence mechanism of lateral seepage on the soil arch effect and simulate the lateral seepage experiment in the soil. On the other hand, since the second sand and soil water flow collection hole under the model box is completely penetrated, the water flow and sand fine particles will also seep through the second sand and soil water flow collection hole under the action of the loading system or their own gravity. The collecting device collects samples of the sand and water seeping out of the second sand and soil water flow collection hole, and then uses the data acquisition and analysis system to process and analyze the collected data, simulating the vertical erosion experiment in the soil and studying the influence mechanism of vertical seepage on the soil arch effect.

[0030] 2. Conduct simulation tests. The test soil samples in the model box will experience lateral and vertical erosion. The lateral and vertical seepage are set in the simulation test mainly based on the actual seepage conditions that the soil may encounter under complex environmental conditions. The soil in nature is often subject to seepage from different directions, including horizontal rainfall runoff, groundwater flow, and vertical seepage pressure. The construction of lateral and vertical seepage in this embodiment can restore these conditions more realistically, making the test results more representative and contributing to a deeper understanding of the seepage characteristics of the soil.

[0031] 3. The present invention designs a water tank and a model box, and the water in the water tank can infiltrate into the soil inside the model box to simulate the seepage environment of the embankment filler and the soil between piles. The water head is controlled by the head control valve on the outside of the water tank. The movable block can be statically and slowly descended to simulate the embankment soil arch effect phenomenon. The loading system can apply a vertical load to the soil surface to simulate the load condition of the embankment surface. The data acquisition and analysis system can automatically analyze the data detected by the soil pressure box and the collector and train the AI ​​model in the AI ​​analysis software to predict the development and evolution of the soil arch effect in a complex environment, thereby simulating the evolution, development and prediction test of the three-dimensional soil arch effect inside the soil under multi-directional seepage and vertical load conditions. In the process of erosion development, the AI ​​analysis software continuously analyzes and records the experimental data imported by the data collector to achieve the purpose of training the AI ​​model. When the AI ​​model collects enough data, it can predict and automatically analyze the development and evolution of the soil arch between piles under multi-directional seepage and vertical load conditions according to the experimental conditions and working conditions, providing a reference for the subsequent construction process.

[0032] 4. Performing the rising or falling action of the movable door components separately allows researchers to make fine adjustments for specific areas or conditions, simulate complex soil arch displacements, reduce interference from other components, improve data accuracy, and flexibly adjust parameters. Performing the synchronous and collaborative rising or falling action of the movable door components separately ensures overall stability, quickly reaches the required displacement state, simulates uniform displacement, and is more realistic when simulating overall soil layer displacement and deformation. It is suitable for the study of soil arch effects under different seepage directions or loading rates. This design can adapt to a variety of experimental scenarios and needs. Whether it is studying the changes in soil arch effects under seepage in different directions, or simulating the effects of different loading rates on soil arch stability, it can be achieved by adjusting the movement mode and parameters of the movable door components, and can be applied to a wider range of research fields and experimental scenarios.

[0033] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a model box according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a water tank and a water supply and drainage control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a loading system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a movable door system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the servo motor control connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a storage device and a data acquisition and analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Among them, the model box 1, the filter plate 11, the seepage hole 111, the support column 12, the soil covering bearing plate 13, the vertical filter plate clip 14, the water tank unit 2, the water tank 21, the scale 211, the first sand and water flow collecting hole 212, the water supply and drainage control system 3, the head control valve 31, the drain valve 32, the loading system 4, the servo oil source control box 41, the first connecting rod 42, the second connecting rod 43, the loading rod 44, the loading plate 45, the tooling frame 46, the guide control rod 47, the movable door system 5, the movable door assembly 51, the movable door displacement unit 511, the servo motor 5111, the movable door displacement mechanism 5112, the movable block 512, the second sand and water flow collecting hole 5121, the storage device 6, the data acquisition and analysis system 7, the collector 71, the computer 72, the data transmission device 73, and the buckle 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following will describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention, and thus the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0044] This embodiment proposes a three-dimensional embankment pile soil arching effect device, such as Figures 1 to 7As shown, it includes a model box 1 and at least one group of water tank units 2; wherein the model box 1 includes a support column 12, a soil-covering bearing plate 13, a plurality of vertical filter plate clips 14 and a plurality of filter plates 11, the soil-covering bearing plate 13 is installed on the support column 12, each vertical filter plate clip 14 is fixedly connected to the soil-covering bearing plate 13, and the filter plate 11 is detachably installed between adjacent vertical filter plate clips 14; in the present invention, as an exemplary embodiment, the number of filter plates 11 and vertical filter plate clips 14 is four, and the four filter plates 11 have a total of The frame structure is enclosed together, and the interior of the frame structure is a storage cavity filled with test soil samples. Each filter plate 11 is provided with a seepage hole 111. When the model box 1 is subjected to a multi-directional seepage test of soil arch, two non-adjacent filter plates 11 (that is, two filter plates 11 arranged opposite to each other) will form a group, and water will seep into the storage cavity of the model box 1 from the seepage hole 111 on one of the filter plates 11, and the water in the storage cavity of the model box 1 will seep out from the seepage hole 111 on the other filter plate 11, simulating a lateral seepage test.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the frame structure is not limited to the quadrilateral structure formed by the four filter plates in the above embodiment, and the frame structure can also be formed by six filter plates 11 to form a hexagonal structure, eight filter plates 11, or even more filter plates 11 to form a polygonal filter plate structure; of course, it is understandable that when the number of sides of the frame structure formed by the enclosed frame is more, the path is more complicated during the lateral seepage simulation. By interweaving frame units of different directions and sizes to construct a complex grid system, not only the complexity of the seepage path is increased, but also the anisotropic characteristics of groundwater flow can be simulated, which is closer to the simulation reality, and provides strong technical support for the fields of groundwater management and soil pollution remediation.

[0046] There are multiple seepage holes 111, and the apertures of the multiple seepage holes 111 are consistent and neatly distributed on the filter plate 11, ensuring the uniformity and efficiency of water flow through the filter plate 11. The vertical filter plate clamping strip 14 is used to clamp the filter plate 11, and the filter plates 11 with different apertures can be replaced according to actual usage. When using test soils with various particle size gradations for testing, the filter plates 11 with different apertures can effectively pass fine particles and sewage of corresponding particle sizes, and can easily adapt to test soil samples with various particle size gradations, so that researchers can accurately adjust the test conditions for specific problems or test needs, thereby obtaining more accurate and comprehensive test results.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, the water tank unit 2 includes two water tanks 21, and the two water tanks 21 are respectively installed on the opposite sides of the model box 1; Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the preferred water tank units 2 are two, and both water tank units 2 are installed on the side wall of the storage chamber, that is, in this embodiment, there are four water tanks 21 in total, and the four water tanks 21 are made of transparent glass and are installed around the model box 1, two of which are used as inlet tanks 21, and the other two water tanks 21 opposite to them are used as outlet tanks 21; the present invention forms two seepage network paths through two water tank units 2, thereby simulating the situation of two seepage paths. Of course, it can be understood that the water tank units 2 are not limited to two, but can also be three, four or more, and there is no limitation without invention.

[0048] In one possible embodiment, the present invention can combine multiple water tank units 2 in a specific layout to simulate seepage paths in different directions. For example, the water tank units 2 can be designed to be arranged in a three-dimensional array, and each water tank unit 2 represents a seepage node. It can also be connected to other water tank units 2 through pipes or openings to form a complex seepage network, thereby simulating multiple seepage paths, providing data support for studying multi-horizontal direction seepage and experiments under complex vertical load conditions.

[0049] The water tank 21 is the core component of the whole system, used to store and regulate water flow. Each water tank 21 is provided with a water supply and drainage control system 3, which is used to control the preset height of the water head in the water tank 21 and to infiltrate water into the model box 1 through the water seepage holes 111;

[0050] It should be noted that the water head mentioned in this embodiment refers to the energy possessed by a unit weight of liquid, which includes position potential energy, pressure potential energy and flow rate potential energy. Under static water conditions, the water head mainly refers to the height of the liquid surface relative to a certain reference plane, and this height reflects the potential energy possessed by the liquid at this position. In the water supply and drainage control system 3 of this embodiment, the water head specifically refers to the height of the liquid surface in the water tank 21, and this height is adjusted by the water head control valve 31 to achieve the specific water level conditions required for the test. This water level condition is of great significance for simulating the stress state and seepage characteristics of soil or rock mass under different water levels. Therefore, during the test, by controlling the height of the water head, the stability, deformation characteristics and seepage law of the soil arch structure under different water level conditions can be studied, which provides an important reference basis for engineering design and construction. After the test is completed, the remaining water in the water inlet tank 21 is discharged by opening the drain valve 32 so as to carry out the next test or cleaning work.

[0051] like Figure 3As shown, the water supply and drainage control system 3 includes a plurality of water head control valves 31. Along the height direction of the water tank 21, each water head control valve 31 is arranged at intervals on the water tank 21 to control the height of the water head in the water tank 21. These water head control valves 31 can be opened or closed according to the test requirements to adjust the water head height. The top and bottom of the water tank 21 are respectively provided with a water injection valve (not shown) and a water discharge valve 32. The water injection valve is arranged at the top of the water tank 21 to inject water into the water tank 21; the water discharge valve 32 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 21 to discharge the water in the water tank 21 after the test is completed or when needed. A vertical scale 211 is arranged on the side of the water tank 21. The scale 211 is arranged on the side of the water tank 21 to intuitively display the height of the water level in the water tank 21 for easy observation and recording. The bottom surface of the water tank 21 is provided with a first sand and water flow collecting hole 212, which can be opened or closed and is arranged on the bottom surface of the water tank 21 for collecting sand and water flow that penetrates through the bottom of the water tank 21 for further analysis or processing.

[0052] During the test, after the soil arch structure is completely formed, the water tanks 21 on both sides selected according to the pre-set test conditions are determined. If there are two water tanks 21, one water tank 21 is used as the water inlet tank 21, and the other water tank 21 opposite to it is used as the water outlet tank 21; if there are four water tanks 21, two water tanks 21 are used as the water inlet tank 21, and the other two water tanks 21 opposite to it are used as the water outlet tank 21. When simulating the multi-directional seepage test of the soil arch, the first sand and soil water flow collection hole 212 at the bottom of the water inlet tank 21 is closed, the first sand and soil water flow collection hole 212 at the bottom of the water outlet tank 21 is opened, and the water injection valve on the top of the water inlet tank 21 on one side is opened, and the water flow is filled into the water tank 21 through the water injection valve, gradually increasing the water head difference between the water tank 21 and the bottom of the model box 1, and the water head height is controlled by the water head control valve 31; the test soil sample is gradually eroded by the seepage, and the fine particles in the test soil sample are continuously brought into the water outlet tank 21 at the other end of the water inlet tank 21 by the water flow, simulating the lateral seepage test in the soil.

[0053] The top and bottom of the model box 1 are respectively provided with a loading system 4 and a movable door system 5. The loading system 4 is located above the model box 1 and is used to apply load to the test soil sample. The movable door system 5 is used to simulate the quasi-static displacement of the soil body.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, the loading system 4 includes a servo oil source control box 41, a first connecting rod 42, a second connecting rod 43, a loading rod 44, a loading plate 45, a tooling frame 46 and a plurality of guide control rods 47. One end of the first connecting rod 42 is connected to the servo oil source control box 41, and the other end of the first connecting rod 42 is connected to the second connecting rod 43. The second connecting rod 43 and the loading plate 45 are connected through the loading rod 44. The tooling frame 46 and the guide control rod 47 provide stability for the device as a whole during the loading process.

[0055] The loading plate 45 is loaded on the top of the tooling frame 46, and each guide control rod 47 is fixed on the top of the loading plate 45. The guide control rod 47 is used to limit the loading plate 45; the servo oil source control box 41 is mainly responsible for providing a stable and reliable load power source for the loading system 4. The size and frequency of the load power can be adjusted through the control screen on the servo oil source control box, and the operation of the hydraulic system is controlled. The model box 1 is installed in the tooling frame 46. The servo oil source control box 41 can drive the first connecting rod 42 to rise or fall, and control the loading plate 45 to rise or fall through the first connecting rod 42, the second connecting rod 43 and the loading rod 44. The loading plate 45 can be extended into the storage cavity to pressurize the test soil sample. By controlling the control panel on the servo oil source control box 41, the size and frequency of the vertical load applied to the soil surface can be accurately controlled. The loading system 4 can apply a vertical load to the test soil sample by controlling the servo oil source control box 41 to simulate the stress state of the test soil sample under vertical load conditions.

[0056] In actual engineering, the embankment and the soil between piles are often subjected to a variety of complex loads, such as vehicle weight loads, loads caused by temperature changes, etc. By setting up the loading system 4 to simulate these load conditions, the test is closer to the actual situation, so as to more accurately evaluate the evolution and development of the soil arch effect in a complex environment. At the same time, the loading system 4 can quickly adjust the load parameters through the servo oil source control box 41 through automatic control, which improves the test efficiency and enables researchers to complete multiple groups of tests in a shorter time and obtain more experimental data. By combining the storage device 6 and other data collected by the data acquisition and analysis system 7, the evolution law of the soil arch effect under complex vertical load conditions can be more comprehensively understood, providing strong support for engineering practice.

[0057] The movable door system 5 includes a plurality of movable door components 51, each movable door component 51 can perform an ascending or descending action independently; or can cooperate synchronously to perform an ascending or descending action together to perform a quasi-static displacement simulation;

[0058] Specifically, as a preferred exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the number of movable door assemblies 51 is nine and they are arranged in a 3×3 manner; the movable door assembly 51 includes a movable door displacement unit 511 and a movable block 512, the movable block 512 is installed above the movable door displacement unit 511, and the movable door displacement unit 511 can drive the movable block 512 to rise or fall. Figure 5 As shown, a mounting position (not shown) is provided at the center of the soil covering bearing plate 13 , and the movable block 512 is disposed at the mounting position. The upper surface of the movable block 512 can be flush with the soil covering bearing plate 13 .

[0059] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, a completely penetrating second sand and soil water flow collection hole 5121 is provided on the movable block 512, and a filter screen (not shown) is detachably connected above the second sand and soil water flow collection hole 5121. The filter screen in this embodiment is detachably connected, which is convenient for maintenance and replacement during the experiment, and the aperture size of the filter screen can also be adjusted according to the experimental requirements. The use of the filter screen allows only fine-grained soil that meets the specific particle size requirements to pass through, which helps to reduce noise interference in the experiment and improve the accuracy and integrity of the experimental data to meet different research purposes.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, the movable door displacement unit 511 includes a servo motor 5111 and a movable door displacement mechanism 5112. In this embodiment, the movable door displacement mechanism 5112 is preferably a telescopic support. The servo motor 5111 is located below the telescopic support and can drive the telescopic support to extend or shorten. It should be noted that the telescopic support and the servo motor 5111 are connected and controlled using conventional models in the prior art. The servo motor 5111 is connected to the computer 72 control system through a data transmission line, and the servo motor 5111 can be regulated by the computer 72 control system to make the movable block 512 slowly descend at different speeds. It should be noted that controlling the servo motor 5111 to drive the telescopic support to extend or shorten is well known to technicians in the relevant technical field and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] The use of separate ascending or descending actions allows researchers to make fine adjustments to specific areas or conditions, which helps to more accurately simulate complex soil arch displacement situations in actual scenarios, especially when there are differences in displacement characteristics of different areas or soil layers, which facilitates fine simulation. In some experimental studies, it may only be necessary to observe or test the impact of the displacement of a specific movable door displacement unit 511 on the entire system. Separate actions can avoid the interference of the displacement of other components on the experimental results and improve the accuracy of experimental data. In addition, separate control provides greater flexibility, allowing researchers to adjust the displacement parameters of each component at any time according to experimental progress or needs without making large-scale adjustments to the entire system.

[0062] Synchronous and collaborative execution of actions can ensure overall stability. When all movable door components 51 work together synchronously, they can jointly bear and transfer displacement loads, which helps to simulate a more uniform and stable displacement pattern. In addition, synchronous collaboration reduces preparation and operation time. By controlling the displacement of all components at one time, researchers can reach the displacement state required for the experiment more quickly, improving experimental efficiency. In some cases, when simulating the displacement process of soil arches, synchronous collaboration can more realistically simulate the displacement and deformation of the entire soil layer, which helps to study the occurrence mechanism and impact range of these disasters. This design can adapt to a variety of experimental scenarios and needs. Whether it is to study the changes in the soil arch effect under the action of seepage in different directions, or to simulate the effects of different loading rates on the stability of the soil arch, it can be achieved by adjusting the movement mode and parameters of the movable door component 51, and can be applied to a wider range of research fields and experimental scenarios.

[0063] This embodiment also includes a storage device 6 and a data acquisition and analysis system 7. The storage device 6 is used to collect test soil samples of seepage, and the data acquisition and analysis system 7 is used to analyze the test soil samples collected in the storage device 6. In this embodiment, the storage device 6 includes a plurality of storage boxes; a part of the storage boxes is located at the bottom of the first sand and water flow collection hole 212, and another part of the storage boxes is located at the bottom of the second sand and water flow collection hole 5121, and is used to collect sand fine particles and water flow; wherein, a buckle 8 is provided on the movable door displacement mechanism 5112, and the purpose of the buckle 8 is to facilitate the installation of the storage box and provide bearing support for the storage box.

[0064] Furthermore, the data acquisition and analysis system 7 includes a data acquisition device 71, a computer 72 equipped with data analysis software, and a data transmission device 73. The storage device 6 is connected to the data acquisition device 71 through the data transmission device 73. The computer 72 is connected to the data acquisition device 71 and analyzes the collected data. In this embodiment, the analysis software is AI analysis software, which can automatically analyze the collected working conditions and experimental data and train the AI ​​model through the data; through a large amount of experimental data, the AI ​​model can predict and analyze the evolution and development of soil arching under seepage and vertical load conditions according to different working conditions and test conditions, and can realize the three-dimensional embankment pile soil arching effect test research under multi-directional seepage and vertical load conditions, which can automatically collect and analyze experimental data.

[0065] When conducting a simulation test, according to the test requirements, water tank units 2 are installed on both sides of the model box 1 to ensure that the connection between the water tank unit 2 and the model box 1 is well sealed to prevent water leakage. The water level in the water tank 21 is adjusted through the water supply and drainage control system 3 on the water tank unit 2. The water tank 21 on the side where seepage needs to be simulated is selected, and the water injection valve on the top is opened. Water flows into the water tank 21 through the water injection valve and gradually increases the water level in the water tank 21. During the seepage simulation, when the water level in the water tank 21 is higher than the soil sample in the model box 1, the water flows into the storage tank 21 through the seepage holes 111 around the model box 1. In the test soil sample in the storage cavity, the test soil sample is gradually eroded by the seepage; on the one hand, the water flow carries the sand and soil fine particles to move in the horizontal direction, and the fine particles in the test soil sample are continuously brought into the water outlet box 21 at the other end of the water inlet box 21 by the water flow, and the sand and soil fine particles and the water flow flow into the storage device 6 through the first sand and soil water flow collection hole 212, and then the data acquisition and analysis system 7 is used to process and analyze the collected data, and the influence mechanism of lateral seepage on the soil arch effect is studied, and the lateral seepage experiment occurring in the soil is simulated, including the stress and strain changes of the soil sample and the formation and evolution process of the soil arch. On the other hand, since the second sand and water flow collection hole 5121 below the model box 1 is completely penetrated, at the same time, the water flow and sand fine particles will also seep through the second sand and water flow collection hole 5121 under the action of the loading system 4 or their own gravity. The storage device 6 collects samples of the sand and water seeping out of the second sand and water flow collection hole 5121, and then uses the data acquisition and analysis system 7 to process and analyze the collected data, simulating the vertical erosion experiment occurring in the soil, and studying the influence mechanism of vertical seepage on the soil arch effect.

[0066] When the device is conducting a simulation test, the test soil sample in the model box 1 can undergo lateral erosion and vertical erosion, which is mainly based on the actual seepage conditions that the soil may encounter under complex environmental conditions; soil in nature is often subject to seepage from different directions, including horizontal rainfall runoff, groundwater flow, and vertical seepage pressure, etc. The test device for lateral seepage, vertical seepage and vertical load conditions constructed by the present invention can more realistically restore these conditions, making the test results more representative, which is helpful for a deeper understanding of the seepage characteristics of the soil and providing important theoretical support and technical guidance for engineering practice.

[0067] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes a method for implementing a three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles, using the three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles as described above, the method comprises the following steps:

[0068] Preparation of test soil samples: Mix soil samples of coarse and fine grading intervals, dry them, add water and stir them to reach the required moisture content, and store them in sealed bags to balance the moisture in the test soil samples;

[0069] Specifically, the test soil samples required for the test are prepared by mixing soil samples in coarse and fine gradation intervals. The gradation interval is selected according to the particle gradation curve. The soil samples in each gradation interval are dried at 105°C for 24 hours, water is added to make the soil samples reach the moisture content required by the test and mixed and stirred according to the designed gradation and fine particle weight ratio. Finally, the mixed test soil samples are stored in sealed plastic bags to balance the moisture in the test soil samples.

[0070] Layered compaction: according to the experimental conditions, the soil pressure box is buried in the upper surface of the movable block 512 and the bottom of the model box 1, and the test soil samples are laid in layers with equal thickness in the model box 1. The soil samples are laid by wet tamping method to minimize the segregation of soil sample particles in different particle size distribution intervals. After each layer of soil samples is laid, the current soil layer is compacted based on the under-compaction theory to avoid excessive densification of the lower layer of soil samples during the compaction process. Each layer of test soil samples is compacted to the target porosity. After the last layer is laid, the soil sample is flush with the top of the scale 211 on the outside of the water tank 21.

[0071] Test steps: select a suitable filter plate 11 according to the experimental design conditions, control the servo motor 5111 to move one or more movable blocks 512 downward at a small speed, and the servo motor 5111 controls the movable block 512 to perform quasi-static displacement, simulate the process of soil arch development, record the soil pressure box reading, and analyze the soil arch development;

[0072] Specifically, the servo motor 5111 is controlled and adjusted by the computer 72 to make one or more movable doors move slowly downward at a small speed, so that the movable door forms a state of downward quasi-static displacement, and the reading of the soil pressure box set at the bottom of the model box 1 is recorded and transmitted to the computer 72 system at regular intervals to study the development of soil arch at different times and the changes in pile-soil stress distribution caused by uneven settlement of the soil. After the development of the soil arch is completed or the position of the movable door reaches the predetermined position of the experimental design, the servo motor 5111 is adjusted to stop descending through the computer 72 control system to simulate the embankment soil arch effect phenomenon.

[0073] Seepage erosion: open the water injection valve on the top of one of the water tanks 21, and water flows into the water tank 21 through the water injection valve, gradually increasing the water head difference between the water tank 21 and the bottom of the model box 1, and controlling the water head height through the water head control valve 31; the test soil sample in the model box 1 is gradually eroded by the seepage, and the fine particles in the soil sample are continuously brought into the other water tank 21 by the water flow, and the fine particles of sand and water are collected;

[0074] Specifically, during the seepage erosion simulation, the first sand and soil water flow collection hole 212 at the bottom of the water inlet tank 21 is closed, the first sand and soil water flow collection hole 212 at the bottom of the water outlet tank 21 is opened, and the water injection valve at the top of the water inlet tank 21 on one side is opened. Water flows into the water tank 21 through the water injection valve, gradually increasing the water head difference between the water inlet tank 21 and the bottom of the model box 1, and the water head height is controlled by the water head control valve 31; the water in the water inlet tank 21 located on the side wall of the model box 1 infiltrates into the soil inside the model box 1, and the test soil sample is gradually eroded by the seepage, and the fine particles in the test soil sample are continuously brought into the water outlet tank 21 at the other end of the water inlet tank 21 by the water flow, simulating the seepage experiment occurring in the soil, simulating the seepage environment of the embankment filler and the soil between the piles, and controlling the water head through the water head control valve 31 outside the water tank 21, and the movable block 512 can be statically and slowly descended to simulate the embankment soil arch effect phenomenon.

[0075] Data analysis: The collected data are analyzed using software and models are trained to predict the development and evolution of soil arching.

[0076] The data acquisition and analysis system 7 can automatically analyze the data detected by the soil pressure box and the collector 71 and train the AI ​​model in the AI ​​analysis software to predict the development and evolution of the soil arch effect in a complex environment, thereby simulating the evolution, development and prediction test of the three-dimensional soil arch effect inside the soil under multi-directional seepage and vertical load conditions. In the process of erosion development, the AI ​​analysis software continuously analyzes and records the experimental data imported by the data collector 71 to achieve the purpose of training the AI ​​model. Specifically, the soil pressure box can keenly capture the tiny stress changes caused by external loads, seepage and the deformation of the soil itself, while the data collector 71 is responsible for real-time and accurate collection and transmission of the collected data to the back-end processing system (such as a computer); the acquired data then enters the automated processing and analysis stage, in which the data cleaning technology in the prior art is used to remove noise and outliers to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data. Subsequently, the data is feature extracted and dimension reduced using statistical analysis and signal processing methods to facilitate the subsequent training and reasoning of the AI ​​model. The AI ​​analysis software of this embodiment integrates a variety of machine learning algorithms and deep learning frameworks. During the training phase, the AI ​​analysis software continuously receives and analyzes real-time data from the data collector 71, and captures the evolution of the soil arch effect under different conditions by constructing a complex mathematical model. In particular, for the complex scenario of multi-directional seepage and vertical load, the constructed model needs to have the ability to process multi-dimensional inputs, learn nonlinear relationships, and adapt to dynamically changing environments; with the continuous accumulation of training data, the AI ​​model gradually improves its prediction accuracy and generalization ability through iterative optimization algorithms.

[0077] With the support of AI models, it is possible to achieve high-precision simulation of the three-dimensional soil arch effect inside the soil. This simulation not only takes into account multiple factors such as the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, boundary conditions and external loads, but also incorporates the influence of the seepage field on the soil arch effect, thereby fully revealing the evolution of the soil arch in a complex environment. By adjusting the experimental conditions and working parameters, the AI ​​model can predict the development trend of the soil arch effect in different scenarios, providing a scientific basis for engineering design and construction, and has high application value.

[0078] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or change made by a person skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional soil arching effect device between embankment piles, characterized in that: include: A model box (1) and at least one set of water tank units (2), wherein the model box (1) is filled with a test soil sample, and water seepage holes (111) are provided around the interior of the model box (1); the water tank unit (2) comprises two water tanks (21), and the two water tanks (21) are respectively installed on two opposite sides of the model box (1); Each of the water tanks (21) is provided with a water supply and drainage control system (3), the water supply and drainage control system (3) being used to control a preset height of the water head in the water tank (21) and to infiltrate water into the model box (1) through the water seepage holes (111); The top and bottom of the model box (1) are respectively provided with a loading system (4) and a movable door system (5); the loading system (4) is located above the model box (1) and is used to apply a vertical load to the test soil sample; The movable door system (5) comprises a plurality of movable door components (51), each of the movable door components (51) being capable of independently performing an ascending or descending action, or synchronously cooperating to jointly perform an ascending or descending action, so as to perform a quasi-static displacement simulation; It also includes a storage device (6) and a data acquisition and analysis system (7), wherein the storage device (6) is used to collect test soil samples of seepage, and the data acquisition and analysis system (7) is used to analyze the test soil samples collected in the storage device (6); The model box (1) comprises a support column (12), a soil-covering bearing plate (13), a plurality of vertical filter plate clips (14) and a plurality of filter plates (11); the soil-covering bearing plate (13) is mounted on the support column (12); each of the vertical filter plate clips (14) is fixedly connected to the soil-covering bearing plate (13); one of the filter plates (11) is detachably mounted between adjacent vertical filter plate clips (14); and each of the filter plates (11) is enclosed together to form a frame structure; There are a plurality of water seepage holes (111), and the apertures of the plurality of water seepage holes (111) are consistent and neatly distributed on the filter plate (11); The water supply and drainage control system (3) comprises a plurality of water head control valves (31), water injection valves and water discharge valves (32); along the height direction of the water tank (21), the water head control valves (31) are arranged at intervals on the water tank (21) for controlling the height of the water head in the water tank (21); the water injection valves and the water discharge valves (32) are arranged at the top and bottom of the water tank (21), respectively; a vertical scale (211) is arranged on the side of the water tank (21); and a first sand and soil water flow collection hole (212) is arranged on the bottom surface of the water tank (21); The number of the movable door assemblies (51) is nine and they are arranged in a 3×3 pattern; The movable door assembly (51) comprises a movable door displacement unit (511) and a movable block (512); the movable block (512) is installed above the movable door displacement unit (511), and the movable door displacement unit (511) can drive the movable block (512) to rise or fall; The movable block (512) is provided with a completely penetrating second sand and water flow collection hole (5121), and a filter screen is detachably connected above the second sand and water flow collection hole (5121); The movable door displacement unit (511) comprises a servo motor (5111) and a movable door displacement mechanism (5112); the movable door displacement mechanism (5112) is a telescopic support; the servo motor (5111) is located below the movable door displacement mechanism (5112) and can drive the movable door displacement mechanism (5112) to extend or shorten; The movable door displacement mechanism (5112) is provided with a buckle (8), the storage device (6) is fixed to the movable door displacement mechanism (5112) via the buckle (8), and the storage device (6) is located at the bottom of the second sand and water flow collection hole (5121) and is used to collect sand and water flow; The loading system (4) comprises a servo oil source control box (41), a first connecting rod (42), a second connecting rod (43), a loading rod (44), a loading plate (45), a tooling frame (46) and a plurality of guide control rods (47), one end of the first connecting rod (42) being connected to the servo oil source control box (41), the other end of the first connecting rod (42) being connected to the second connecting rod (43), and the second connecting rod (43) being connected to the loading plate (45) via the loading rod (44); The loading plate is loaded on the top of the tooling frame (46), and each of the guide control rods (47) is fixed on the top of the loading plate (45). The guide control rods (47) are used to limit the position of the loading plate (45); the servo oil source control box (41) can be extended or shortened to control the loading plate (45) to rise or fall.

2. The three-dimensional embankment pile soil arching device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data acquisition and analysis system (7) comprises a data acquisition device (71), a computer (72) equipped with data analysis software, and a data transmission device (73); the storage device (6) is connected to the data acquisition device (71) via the data transmission device (73); the computer (72) is connected to the data acquisition device (71) and analyzes the collected data.

3. A method for implementing a three-dimensional embankment pile soil arching effect device, characterized in that: Using the three-dimensional embankment pile soil arching effect device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, the method comprises the following steps: Preparation of test soil samples: Mix soil samples of coarse and fine grading intervals, dry them, add water and stir them to reach the required moisture content, and store them in sealed bags to balance the moisture in the test soil samples; Layered compaction: according to the experimental conditions, the soil pressure box is buried in the upper surface of the movable block (512) and the bottom of the model box (1), and the test soil sample is laid in layers with equal thickness in the model box (1). The soil sample is laid by wet tamping method so that each layer of the test soil sample is compacted to the target porosity. After the last layer is laid, the soil sample is flush with the top of the scale (211) outside the water tank (21); Test steps: selecting a suitable filter plate (11) according to the experimental design conditions, controlling the servo motor (5111) to move one or more movable blocks (512) downward at a small speed, the servo motor (5111) controls the movable blocks (512) to quasi-static displacement, simulating the process of soil arch development, recording the soil pressure box reading, and analyzing the soil arch development; Seepage erosion: the water injection valve at the top of one of the water tanks (21) is opened, and water flows into the water tank (21) through the water injection valve, gradually increasing the water head difference between the water tank (21) and the bottom of the model box (1), and controlling the water head height through the water head control valve (31); the test soil sample in the model box (1) is gradually eroded by the seepage, and fine particles in the soil sample are continuously carried into the other water tank (21) by the water flow, and the fine particles of sand and water are collected; Data analysis: Use software to analyze the collected data and train AI models to predict the development and evolution of soil arching effect.

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