Coal mine safety monitoring method and system based on optical fiber sensing technology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of coal mine safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a coal mine safety monitoring method and system based on optical fiber sensing technology. It includes a fixed rod, an out-hole monitoring box and a control terminal, and also includes a deformation monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, an air quality monitoring module, an air humidity monitoring module and an acoustic wave monitoring module. The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation amount in the hole wall. The deformation monitoring module, the temperature monitoring module and the acoustic wave monitoring module are integrated in the optical fiber sensor, and the gas monitoring module and the humidity monitoring module are installed in the out-hole monitoring box. The present invention forms an all-round monitoring network through a variety of monitoring modules such as a deformation monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and an air quality monitoring module, so as to realize 24-hour all-round monitoring of the coal mine working environment. Once abnormal data is found, the staff is notified in time, so that the staff who are carrying out the operation can check the dangerous situation in time or evacuate in time, so as to minimize the disaster loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and in particular to a coal mine safety monitoring method and system based on optical fiber sensing technology. Background Art

[0002] The coal mine safety monitoring system is an important and indispensable safety guarantee system in the process of coal mining. With the development of science and technology, fiber optic sensors in fiber optic sensing technology are gradually applied to coal mine safety monitoring systems. By placing optical fibers and fiber optic sensors close to the walls of coal mine shafts or coal mine tunnels, the deformation of the shaft walls and tunnel walls is monitored. When the shaft walls or tunnel walls are deformed, the optical fiber is slightly deformed by the squeezing of the shaft walls, and its internal refractive index and the grating period of certain light waves change regularly. The FBG sensor reflects the set light waves in the optical fiber back to the control terminal along the original path of the optical fiber. The control terminal measures the deformation of the section of optical fiber by comparing the change in the set light wave grating period, and then measures the deformation of the shaft wall and tunnel wall. The monitoring system has high sensitivity and can monitor the deformation at the minimum micron level, which reserves sufficient time for the staff to conduct firmness detection or reinforcement of the shaft wall.

[0003] After searching, the Chinese patent publication number CN116007525A discloses a coal mine shaft wall deformation dense grating online monitoring device, including vertical monitoring optical fibers distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, the vertical monitoring optical fibers distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction are all arranged on the inner wall of the shaft, the vertical monitoring optical fibers are connected at equal intervals in the vertical direction with a first sensor for monitoring the inner wall deformation of the shaft, the inner wall of the shaft is provided with circumferential monitoring optical fibers at equal intervals in the vertical direction, the circumferential monitoring optical fibers are connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction with a second sensor for monitoring the inner wall deformation of the shaft, the vertical monitoring optical fibers and the circumferential monitoring optical fibers are connected at equal intervals in the vertical direction, and the vertical monitoring optical fibers and the circumferential monitoring optical fibers are connected at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The optical fiber is connected to the monitoring server, but in the above patent, a large number of elastic parts are placed between the optical fiber and the well wall. As a result, when the well wall is slightly deformed, the elastic parts between the optical fiber and the well wall will offset the slight change of the well wall through deformation, resulting in the optical fiber not causing slight deformation when the well wall deformation is small. Therefore, this design only increases the scope of well wall monitoring, and the sensitivity of the optical fiber and FBG sensor to well wall deformation monitoring is not fully utilized. Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, we have developed a coal mine safety monitoring method and system based on optical fiber sensing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcoming of low sensitivity of existing devices in monitoring the internal deformation of the shaft wall, the present invention provides a coal mine safety monitoring method and system based on optical fiber sensing technology.

[0005] The technical implementation scheme of the present invention is: a coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology, including a fixed rod, an out-of-hole monitoring box and a control terminal, wherein the fixed rod is rotatably connected to a plurality of groups of rotating rods, each group of which includes the rotating rods that are symmetrically and linearly distributed, and is characterized in that it also includes a circumferentially distributed support plate, the support plate is rotatably connected to the adjacent groups of the rotating rods that are linearly distributed, the support plate is fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of first elastic telescopic rods, each group of which includes the first elastic telescopic rods that are linearly distributed, and the telescopic rods of the same group of the first elastic telescopic rods on one of the support plates in each group The contracted ends are commonly fixedly connected to a fixing frame, to which an optical fiber is fixedly connected, and the support plate close to the optical fiber is fixedly connected to evenly distributed optical fiber sensors, which are optically connected to adjacent optical fibers, and the fixing frame is slidably connected to an extrusion strip that is extruded and matched with adjacent optical fibers, and the telescopic ends of the same group of the first elastic telescopic rods on another support plate of each group of the support plates are commonly fixedly connected to a fixing block, and an anti-extrusion mechanism for preventing adjacent optical fibers from being damaged is provided on the support plate close to the adjacent fixing frame, and the fixing rod is provided with a driving component for controlling all the rotating rods to open outward.

[0006] Preferably, it also includes a deformation monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, an air quality monitoring module, an air humidity monitoring module and an acoustic wave monitoring module. The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation amount in the hole wall, the temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature in the hole wall, the gas monitoring module is used to monitor the oxygen concentration and dust concentration in the coal mine tunnel, the air humidity monitoring module is used to detect the danger of water seepage in the coal mine tunnel, and the acoustic wave monitoring module is used to listen to various sound signals in the mine and issue early warnings for microseismic activities, rock formation fractures and equipment failures in the mine. The deformation monitoring module, temperature monitoring module and acoustic wave monitoring module are integrated in the optical fiber sensor, and the gas monitoring module and humidity monitoring module are installed in the monitoring box outside the hole.

[0007] Preferably, the extrusion strip is fixed with evenly distributed bosses, the fixing frame is provided with grooves which are limitedly slidably connected to adjacent bosses, the length of the grooves is less than the distance that the optical fiber is compressed to the limit, and the extrusion strip is an elastic metal part which can be bent only in the axial direction.

[0008] Preferably, both ends of the extruded strip in the axial direction are fixedly connected with connecting plates, the connecting plates are fixedly connected to the adjacent fixing frames, and the extruded strip is formed as an arc surface near the adjacent connecting plates.

[0009] Preferably, the anti-extrusion mechanism includes symmetrically distributed first limit blocks, which are slidably connected to the adjacent support plates, and the first limit blocks are limitedly matched with the adjacent fixed frames, elastic parts and steel wire ropes are installed between the symmetrically distributed first limit blocks, and the steel wire ropes are wound around the adjacent support plates, and the fixed frames are slidably connected to symmetrically distributed second limit blocks, and the second limit blocks are extruded and matched with the adjacent first limit blocks.

[0010] Preferably, a side of the extrusion strip away from the adjacent support plate and a side of the adjacent and symmetrically distributed second limit blocks away from the adjacent support plate are located on the same arc surface.

[0011] Preferably, the driving assembly includes an extrusion frame, which is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed rod, all the rotating rods are extruded and matched with the extrusion frame, the fixed rod is threadedly connected with a rotating ring and a fastening ring, the rotating ring is extruded and matched with the fastening ring, and the extrusion frame is rotatably connected to the rotating ring.

[0012] Preferably, the support plate close to the fixed frame is fixed with several groups of evenly distributed second elastic telescopic rods, each group includes the second elastic telescopic rods distributed in a rectangular manner, the telescopic ends of the second elastic telescopic rods in the same group are commonly fixed with a baffle, the support plate is fixed with symmetrically distributed fixed plates, some of the optical fiber sensors are located between adjacent baffles and the support plate, and other optical fiber sensors are located between adjacent fixed plates and the support plate, and the second limit block is fixed to the adjacent baffle.

[0013] Preferably, the fixed block is fixed with symmetrically distributed third elastic telescopic rods, and the support plate close to the fixed block is fixed with several groups of evenly distributed limit plates, each group includes symmetrically distributed limit plates, and the limit plates are limited and cooperated with adjacent third elastic telescopic rods.

[0014] Preferably, a coal mine safety monitoring method based on the optical fiber sensing technology is based on the above-mentioned coal mine safety monitoring system based on the optical fiber sensing technology, and the specific method is:

[0015] S1: Insert the fixing rod and adjacent components into the test hole, rotate the rotating ring to move all the support plates away from the fixing rod, and fix the fixing rod and adjacent components in the test hole. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the extrusion strip fits the hole wall and there is no extrusion force, and then rotate the fastening ring to pre-tighten and fix the rotating ring;

[0016] S2: When the hole wall is slightly deformed, the hole wall squeezes the adjacent squeezing strips to deform the adjacent optical fibers. The optical fiber sensor returns the information of the adjacent optical fiber deformation to the control terminal. The control terminal calculates the direction and distance of the slight deformation of the hole wall and issues an electronic warning.

[0017] S3: When the hole wall is deformed to a large extent, the hole wall squeezes the adjacent extrusion strip and the adjacent second limit block at the same time, and the second limit block squeezes the adjacent first limit block, prompting the adjacent first limit block to release the limit on the adjacent fixing frame, and the fixing frame and adjacent components slide along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods for buffering;

[0018] S4: When the hole wall deformation further increases, the telescopic end of the third elastic telescopic rod releases the limit between the adjacent limit plate under pressure, so that the fixed block retracts along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods to the adjacent support plate, thereby providing a larger buffer range;

[0019] S5: When taking out the fixing rod and parts from the test hole, first rotate the fastening ring and the rotating ring in reverse order to make all the support plates lose the squeeze, and then take out the fixing rod from the test hole.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the present invention squeezes adjacent optical fibers and extrusion strips at the hole wall through a support plate and a fixing frame, keeping the optical fiber, the extrusion strip and the hole wall in a hard extrusion relationship initially, thereby maintaining the sensitivity of the optical fiber to the hole wall deformation monitoring, so that the staff can obtain the information of the hole wall deformation earlier.

[0021] The present invention forms an all-round monitoring network through multiple monitoring modules such as deformation monitoring modules, temperature monitoring modules and air quality monitoring modules, so as to realize 24-hour all-round monitoring of the coal mine working environment. Once abnormal data is found, the staff will be notified in time, so that the staff can check the dangerous situation or evacuate in time, so as to minimize the loss caused by disasters.

[0022] The present invention protects adjacent optical fibers through the cooperation of components such as the first limit block and the adjacent second limit block. When the optical fibers are subjected to greater compression, the connection between the fixing frame and the adjacent support plate is released to prevent the optical fibers from being excessively squeezed and damaged, thereby preventing the device from detecting the hole wall.

[0023] The present invention shields adjacent optical fiber sensors by means of baffles, thereby providing protection for the adjacent optical fiber sensors and increasing the reliability of the device by reducing monitoring blind areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed rod, the rotating rod and the supporting plate of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 An exploded view of the fixed rod, the rotating rod and the supporting plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rotating rod, the supporting plate and the extrusion frame of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the fixing frame, the first limiting block and the second limiting block of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 An exploded view of the fixing frame, the first limiting block and the second limiting block of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support plate, optical fiber and extruded strip of the present invention;

[0032] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rotating rod, the supporting plate and the fixing block of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fixed block, the third elastic telescopic rod and the limiting plate of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.11 It is a system structure diagram of the present invention.

[0035] Among them, the accompanying drawings include the following figure marks: 1. fixed rod, 2. rotating rod, 3. support plate, 31. fixed plate, 4. first elastic telescopic rod, 5. fixed frame, 6. optical fiber, 7. optical fiber sensor, 8. extrusion strip, 81. boss, 9. fixed block, 10. connecting plate, 11. first limit block, 111. elastic member, 112. wire rope, 12. second limit block, 13. extrusion frame, 14. rotating ring, 141. fastening ring, 15. second elastic telescopic rod, 16. baffle, 17. third elastic telescopic rod, 18. limit plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1: In order to fill the space between the device and the hole wall and ensure that the optical fiber is squeezed to a certain extent by the hole wall, a large number of elastic parts are filled between the optical fiber and the hole wall. This causes the elastic parts to absorb part of the deformation of the hole wall. When the hole wall only produces a slight deformation, the deformation displacement of the hole wall is too small to cause a slight deformation of the optical fiber, thereby affecting the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensing technology.

[0038] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology, please refer to Figure 1-Figure 6 and Fig.11, including a fixed rod 1, an out-of-hole monitoring box (not shown in the figure) and a control terminal (not shown in the figure). By arranging evenly distributed out-of-hole monitoring boxes and test holes at the shaft wall and in the coal mine tunnel, a shaft wall monitoring network and a tunnel wall monitoring network are formed. The control terminal includes a safety computing system and an alarm. The fixed rod 1 is used to be inserted into a test hole drilled in advance to detect slight deformation inside the wall. The fixed rod 1 is rotatably connected to four groups of rotating rods 2 distributed in an arc shape, each group includes eight rotating rods 2 distributed symmetrically and linearly, and the four rotating rods 2 distributed linearly in the same group are rotatably connected to a support plate 3 together. The support plate 3 is fixedly connected to two evenly distributed groups of first elastic telescopic rods 4, each group The optical fiber sensor 7 is connected to the optical fiber 6 of the first elastic telescopic rod 4. The optical fiber sensor 7 is connected to the optical fiber 6 of the first elastic telescopic rod 4 ... The optical fiber sensor 7 reflects a light wave of a certain frequency along the adjacent optical fiber 6 to the control terminal, and the auxiliary control terminal detects the change of the grating period in the adjacent optical fiber 6, and then learns the change of the test hole wall. The fixed frame 5 is slidably connected with an extrusion bar 8, which is an elastic metal part that can be bent only in the axial direction. The extrusion bar 8 squeezes the adjacent optical fiber 6 to transmit the change of the well wall to the adjacent optical fiber 6. The extrusion bar 8 is fixedly connected with uniformly distributed protrusions 81. The fixed frame 5 is provided with a groove that is limitedly slidably connected to the adjacent protrusion 81. The length of the groove is less than the distance that the optical fiber 6 is compressed to the limit. By limiting the extrusion bar 8 relative to the adjacent fixed The sliding distance of the frame 5 limits the displacement of adjacent extrusion strips 8, thereby providing protection for adjacent optical fibers 6. The front and rear ends of the extrusion strip 8 in the axial direction are fixedly connected with connecting plates 10, and the connecting plates 10 are fixedly connected to the adjacent fixed frame 5 to avoid the front and rear ends of the extrusion strip 8 from being squeezed and inserted into the adjacent optical fibers 6. The extrusion strip 8 is an arc surface near the adjacent connecting plate 10, which reduces the intensity of the extrusion strip 8 being squeezed by the hole wall. The telescopic ends of the first elastic telescopic rods 4 in the same group on the other support plate 3 in each group of two support plates 3 are commonly fixedly connected with a fixed block 9, and an anti-extrusion mechanism for preventing adjacent optical fibers 6 from being damaged is provided on the support plate 3, and the fixed rod 1 is provided with a driving component for controlling all rotating rods 2 to open outward.

[0039] Please refer to Fig.11, also includes a deformation monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, an air quality monitoring module, an air humidity monitoring module and an acoustic wave monitoring module. The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation amount in the hole wall, the temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature in the hole wall, the gas monitoring module is used to monitor the oxygen concentration and dust concentration in the coal mine tunnel, the air humidity monitoring module monitors the water seepage danger in the coal mine tunnel by detecting the air humidity in the coal mine tunnel, the acoustic wave monitoring module is used to listen to various sound signals in the mine including the sound of people talking, and can give early warning of microseismic activities, rock formation fractures and equipment failures in the mine. The deformation monitoring module, the temperature monitoring module and the acoustic wave monitoring module are integrated in the optical fiber sensor 7, and the gas monitoring module and the humidity monitoring module are installed in the monitoring box outside the hole.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 4-Figure 6 The anti-extrusion mechanism includes two symmetrically distributed first limit blocks 11, which are slidably connected to the adjacent support plates 3. The first limit blocks 11 are provided with grooves. In the initial state, the fixing frame 5 is inserted into the grooves of the adjacent first limit blocks 11 to maintain a relatively fixed state with the adjacent support plates 3, so as to increase the monitoring accuracy of the adjacent optical fibers 6. Two elastic members 111 symmetrically distributed front and back and two steel wire ropes 112 symmetrically distributed front and back are installed between the two symmetrical first limit blocks 11. The elastic member 111 is a tension spring, and the steel wire rope 112 is wound around the adjacent support plates 3. When one first limit block 11 moves, its By pulling the other symmetrical first limit block 11 to move backwards through the adjacent steel wire rope 112, the fixed frame 5 is slidably connected with two symmetrically distributed second limit blocks 12, and the side of the extrusion strip 8 away from the adjacent pallet 3 and the side of the adjacent and symmetrically distributed second limit block 12 away from the adjacent pallet 3 are located on the same arc surface to ensure that the extrusion strip 8 is first squeezed by the hole wall, and then the extrusion strip 8 and the second limit block 12 move together to the side of the adjacent pallet 3 under the squeezing of the hole wall, and the second limit block 12 squeezes the adjacent first limit block 11, thereby prompting the adjacent first limit block 11 to move to the side away from the adjacent fixed frame 5.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 2-Figure 4 and Figure 6-Figure 8The driving assembly includes an extrusion frame 13 slidably connected to the outside of the fixed rod 1, all the rotating rods 2 are extruded and matched with the extrusion frame 13, the front side of the fixed rod 1 is threadedly connected with a rotating ring 14 and a fastening ring 141, the extrusion frame 13 is further fixed by extruding the rotating ring 14, the extrusion frame 13 is rotatably connected with the rotating ring 14, and is used to drive the extrusion frame 13 to move forward and backward, and the support plate 3 close to the fixed frame 5 is fixed with several groups of second elastic telescopic rods 15 distributed evenly (in this embodiment, one group is provided, and in other embodiments, several groups may be provided according to actual needs, and the specific number of groups is the number of optical fiber sensors 7 on adjacent support plates 3 minus one), the group includes four second elastic telescopic rods 15 distributed in a rectangular manner, the group of second elastic telescopic rods 15 is located between two adjacent extrusion strips 8, and the telescopic ends of the second elastic telescopic rods 15 in the same group are commonly fixed with a baffle 16, except for the optical fiber sensor 7 on the rearmost side, the other optical fiber sensors 7 are all located on the adjacent baffle 1 6 and the support plate 3, it is used to provide protection for the optical fiber sensor 7 between the two extrusion strips 8. The support plate 3 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 31 symmetrically distributed front and back. The fixing plate 31 fixes the fixing rod 1 and the components by supporting between the support plate 3 and the test hole wall, and ensures that there is no pressure between the adjacent extrusion strips 8 and the hole wall in the initial state. The optical fiber sensor 7 on the rear side is located between the adjacent fixing plate 31 and the support plate 3, which is used to provide protection for the optical fiber sensor 7 on the rear side. The symmetrically distributed fixing plates 31 and the support plate 3 are jointly installed with a dust cover, which is made of flexible plastic material and does not affect the extrusion of the adjacent extrusion strips 8 by the hole wall. The second limit block 12 is fixedly connected to the adjacent baffle 16 through a support rod (the baffle 16 can be fixedly connected to the second limit block 12 located on the front side or the adjacent rear side alone, or it can be fixedly connected to the second limit blocks 12 on both the front and rear sides at the same time). When the baffle 16 is squeezed and moves downward, the baffle 16 drives the second limit block 12 on the front side to move downward together.

[0042] Please refer to Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The fixed block 9 is fixed with two third elastic telescopic rods 17 symmetrically distributed front and back, and the support plate 3 close to the fixed block 9 is fixed with two groups of limit plates 18 evenly distributed front and back, each group includes two limit plates 18 symmetrically distributed front and back, and the limit plates 18 are provided with grooves. The third elastic telescopic rod 17 limits the adjacent fixed block 9 by inserting the telescopic end into the groove of the adjacent limit plate 18, so as to switch the connection state between the adjacent fixed block 9 and the adjacent support plate 3.

[0043] When using this device, the staff first needs to drill test holes for placing this device at various places on the well wall, so that multiple devices together constitute a wellbore wall monitoring network and a tunnel wall monitoring network. The wellbore wall monitoring network and the tunnel wall monitoring network simultaneously monitor the hole wall deformation, temperature, sound waves, etc. at the covered position. Then the staff inserts this device into the test hole until the support plate 3 and other parts are completely entered into the test hole. At this time, the staff stops moving the fixed rod 1, the staff holds the fixed rod 1 with one hand, and rotates the rotating ring 14 with the other hand. The rotating ring 14 drives the extrusion frame 13 to move backward along the thread on the fixed rod 1, and the rotating ring 14 is relative to the extrusion frame 13. The staff then rotates the fastening ring 141 to move the fastening ring 141 backward along the thread on the fixed rod 1 until the fastening ring 141 moves to squeeze the rotating ring 14 against each other. The fastening ring 141 forms a double-bolt structure by squeezing the rotating ring 14 to prevent the rotating ring 14 from loosening during use.

[0044] The staff inserts the device into multiple test holes to form a system network for wall deformation monitoring, which makes it easy for the staff to know the internal status of each hole wall through the control terminal, and to reinforce the location where slight deformation occurs in time to prevent accidents such as mine collapse. The specific monitoring principle is as follows:

[0045] When the hole wall is slightly deformed, take the upper hole wall of the device being slightly deformed, squeezing the upper support plate 3 and adjacent components downward as an example: the hole wall first squeezes the adjacent squeezing strip 8, which is squeezed and deformed, and squeezes the adjacent optical fiber 6 downward, causing the optical fiber 6 to be slightly deformed, causing its internal grating period to change. The optical fiber sensor 7 reflects a specific light wave so that the control terminal receives the changed light wave. The control terminal calculates the change in the light wave grating period through the safety computing system, and obtains the amount of slight deformation of the section of optical fiber 6. By detecting the position of the changed optical fiber 6 (for example, when the upper and lower sides of the hole wall are deformed, the upper optical fiber 6 is squeezed and deformed the most), the direction of the slight deformation of the wall is determined, and then the control terminal activates the alarm to warn the staff. When the safety computing system detects that the temperature and sound wave data are in an abnormal state, the control terminal also activates the alarm to warn the staff.

[0046] In the process of the wall squeezing the adjacent extrusion strips 8, since the two ends of the extrusion strips 8 are fixedly connected to the fixing frame 5 through the connecting plate 10, and the front and rear ends of the extrusion strips 8 are arc-shaped and not easily squeezed, it is prevented that the hole wall directly squeezes the two ends of the extrusion strips 8, causing the extrusion strips 8 to squeeze the adjacent optical fibers 6 through the edges, causing damage to the optical fibers 6.

[0047] When an unexpected situation occurs in the hole wall and a large deformation displacement occurs suddenly, the upper side support plate 3 and adjacent parts are still taken as an example: the hole wall instantly pushes the adjacent extrusion strip 8 to move downward, and the boss 81 on the extrusion strip 8 slides to the bottom of the adjacent groove. At this time, the extrusion strip 8 and the boss 81 cannot continue to move downward, and the hole wall squeezes the extrusion strip 8 while squeezing the second limit block 12 to move downward together. When the second limit block 12 moves downward, it squeezes the adjacent first limit block 11 to move to the side away from the fixed frame 5, and the adjacent elastic member 111 stretches and accumulates force. At this time, the second limit block 12 subjected to the larger extrusion force moves a longer distance, so the first limit block 11 at this location moves a longer distance, and the first limit block 11 pulls the other symmetrical first limit block 11 through the adjacent steel wire rope 112 to move together, and the two symmetrical first limit blocks 11 move back to back to release the limit on the adjacent fixed frame 5 together, and the fixed frame 5 and the adjacent two first limit blocks When the positioning block 11 releases the limiting relationship, the fixed frame 5 and the adjacent support plate 3 are no longer in a relatively fixed state, but are connected to the adjacent support plate 3 through the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4, and the first limiting block 11 just moves to the end of the stroke and cannot move further. Therefore, at this time, the hole wall squeezes the squeezing strip 8 through deformation and drives the telescopic end of the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4 to move into the adjacent support plate 3, and the adjacent second limiting block 12 stops moving toward the adjacent support plate 3 under the squeezing of the adjacent first limiting block 11, and the squeezing strip 8 is located on the lower side of the arc surface where the two symmetrical second limiting blocks 12 are located, avoiding excessive deformation of the hole wall causing the squeezing strip 8 to damage the optical fiber 6, and because the first elastic telescopic rod 4 pushes the optical fiber 6 on the fixed frame 5 and the squeezing strip 8 to contact the hole wall under the action of its own elastic force, at this time, the optical fiber 6 still has a certain deformation under the elastic force of the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4 and the hole wall pressure, which will not affect the monitoring effect of the device.

[0048] When the hole wall deformation further increases, the fixed block 9 on the support plate 3 which is symmetrically distributed with the support plate 3 in the extruded direction simultaneously bears the extrusion force, and the fixed block 9 drives the adjacent third elastic telescopic rod 17 to move upward under the action of the extrusion force, and the telescopic end of the third elastic telescopic rod 17 gradually moves out of the groove of the limiting plate 18 under the action of the extrusion force, thereby releasing the limiting of the third elastic telescopic rod 17 and the fixed block 9 by the limiting plate 18, and the fixed block 9 contracts along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4 toward the fixed rod 1, thereby reducing the extrusion force on the corresponding extrusion strip 8 and adjacent components, and providing buffer protection for the components on the device.

[0049] When the hole wall deformation is just located on the upper side of the upper baffle plate 16, although the hole wall cannot squeeze the two adjacent squeezing strips 8, when the hole wall squeezes the baffle plate 16 and the adjacent second elastic telescopic rod 15 to move downward and contract, the baffle plate 16 drives the front second limit block 12 to move downward through the support rod, and the second limit block 12 squeezes the adjacent first limit block 11 to slide according to the above principle, prompting the adjacent first limit block 11 to release the limit on the adjacent fixing frame 5, and then the fixing frame 5 drives the adjacent components to actively squeeze the hole wall under the action of the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4, so as to remind the staff to pay attention to the changes in the hole wall here.

[0050] When the deformation of the hole wall is large and the device needs to be taken out for reinforcement, the staff will rotate the fastening ring 141 and the rotating ring 14 in reverse order to drive the extrusion frame 13 to release the extrusion on the adjacent rotating rod 2. At this time, the support plate 3 loses the support of the adjacent rotating rod 2 and no longer performs hard extrusion with the hole wall, which makes it easy for the staff to take out the device from the test hole.

[0051] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 1-Figure 11 , a coal mine safety monitoring method based on optical fiber 6 sensing technology, based on the above-mentioned coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber 6 sensing technology, the specific method is:

[0052] S1: insert the fixing rod 1 and adjacent components into the test hole, rotate the rotating ring 14, move all the support plates 3 away from the fixing rod 1, and fix the fixing rod 1 and adjacent components in the test hole. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the extrusion strip 8 fits the hole wall and there is no extrusion force, and then rotate the fastening ring 141 to pre-tighten and fix the rotating ring 14;

[0053] S2: When the hole wall is slightly deformed, the hole wall squeezes the adjacent squeezing strip 8 to deform the adjacent optical fiber 6. The optical fiber sensor 7 returns the deformation information of the adjacent optical fiber 6 to the control terminal. The control terminal calculates the direction and distance of the slight deformation of the hole wall and issues an electronic warning.

[0054] S3: When the hole wall is deformed to a large extent, the hole wall squeezes the adjacent extrusion strip 8 and the adjacent second limit block 12 at the same time, and the second limit block 12 squeezes the adjacent first limit block 11, so that the adjacent first limit block 11 releases the limit on the adjacent fixing frame 5, and the fixing frame 5 and the adjacent parts slide along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4 for buffering;

[0055] S4: When the hole wall deformation further increases, the telescopic end of the third elastic telescopic rod 17 releases the limit between the adjacent limit plate 18 under pressure, so that the fixed block 9 retracts along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods 4 to the adjacent support plate 3, thereby providing a larger buffer range;

[0056] S5: When taking out the fixing rod 1 and the parts from the test hole, firstly rotate the fastening ring 141 and the rotating ring 14 in reverse order to make all the supporting plates 3 lose the squeezing, and then take out the fixing rod 1 from the test hole.

[0057] While the disclosure has been described with respect to only a limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate that numerous other embodiments can be devised which do not depart from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology, comprising a fixed rod (1), an out-of-hole monitoring box and a control terminal, wherein the fixed rod (1) is rotatably connected to a plurality of groups of rotating rods (2), each group comprising the rotating rods (2) symmetrically and linearly distributed, wherein: The device also comprises a circumferentially distributed support plate (3), the support plate (3) being rotatably connected to the adjacent group of linearly distributed rotating rods (2), the support plate (3) being fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of first elastic telescopic rods (4), each group comprising linearly distributed first elastic telescopic rods (4), one of the support plates (3) in each group of the support plates (3) having telescopic ends of the first elastic telescopic rods (4) in the same group being fixedly connected to a fixing frame (5), the fixing frame (5) being fixedly connected to an optical fiber (6), and the support plate (3) close to the optical fiber (6) being fixedly connected to uniformly distributed optical fiber sensors (7), the optical fiber sensor (7) is optically connected to the adjacent optical fiber (6), the fixing frame (5) is slidably connected with an extrusion strip (8) that is extruded and matched with the adjacent optical fiber (6), the telescopic ends of the first elastic telescopic rods (4) in the same group on another said supporting plate (3) on each group of said supporting plates (3) are fixedly connected with a fixing block (9), the supporting plate (3) is provided with an anti-extrusion mechanism for preventing the adjacent optical fiber (6) from being damaged near the adjacent fixing frame (5), and the fixing rod (1) is provided with a driving component for controlling all the rotating rods (2) to open outward.

2. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a deformation monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module, an air quality monitoring module, an air humidity monitoring module and an acoustic wave monitoring module. The deformation monitoring module is used to monitor the deformation amount in the hole wall. The temperature monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature in the hole wall. The gas monitoring module is used to monitor the oxygen concentration and dust concentration in the coal mine tunnel. The air humidity monitoring module is used to detect the danger of water seepage in the coal mine tunnel. The acoustic wave monitoring module is used to listen to various sound signals in the mine and issue early warnings for microseismic activities, rock formation fractures and equipment failures in the mine. The deformation monitoring module, temperature monitoring module and acoustic wave monitoring module are integrated in the optical fiber sensor (7). The gas monitoring module and humidity monitoring module are installed in a monitoring box outside the hole.

3. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The extrusion strip (8) is fixedly connected with evenly distributed protrusions (81), and the fixing frame (5) is provided with grooves that are limitedly slidably connected to adjacent protrusions (81), and the length of the grooves is less than the distance that the optical fiber (6) is compressed to the limit, and the extrusion strip (8) is an elastic metal part that can be bent only in the axial direction.

4. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both ends of the extruded strip (8) in the axial direction are fixedly connected to connecting plates (10), the connecting plates (10) are fixedly connected to the adjacent fixing frames (5), and the extruded strip (8) has an arc surface near the adjacent connecting plates (10).

5. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The anti-extrusion mechanism comprises symmetrically distributed first limit blocks (11), the first limit blocks (11) are slidably connected to the adjacent support plates (3), the first limit blocks (11) are limitedly matched with the adjacent fixing frames (5), elastic members (111) and steel wire ropes (112) are installed between the symmetrically distributed first limit blocks (11), the steel wire ropes (112) are wound around the adjacent support plates (3), the fixing frames (5) are slidably connected to symmetrically distributed second limit blocks (12), the second limit blocks (12) are squeezed and matched with the adjacent first limit blocks (11).

6. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side of the extrusion strip (8) away from the adjacent support plate (3) and the side of the adjacent and symmetrically distributed second limit block (12) away from the adjacent support plate (3) are located on the same arc surface.

7. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises an extrusion frame (13), the extrusion frame (13) is slidably connected to the outside of the fixed rod (1), all the rotating rods (2) are pressed and matched with the extrusion frame (13), the fixed rod (1) is threadedly connected with a rotating ring (14) and a fastening ring (141), the rotating ring (14) is pressed and matched with the fastening ring (141), and the extrusion frame (13) is rotatably connected to the rotating ring (14).

8. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support plate (3) close to the fixed frame (5) is fixedly connected to a plurality of groups of second elastic telescopic rods (15) that are evenly distributed, each group comprising the second elastic telescopic rods (15) that are rectangularly distributed, the telescopic ends of the second elastic telescopic rods (15) in the same group are commonly fixedly connected to a baffle (16), the support plate (3) is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed fixing plates (31), some of the optical fiber sensors (7) are located between adjacent baffles (16) and the support plate (3), and other optical fiber sensors (7) are located between adjacent fixing plates (31) and the support plate (3), and the second limit block (12) is fixedly connected to the adjacent baffle (16).

9. A coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fixing block (9) is fixedly connected to symmetrically distributed third elastic telescopic rods (17), and the support plate (3) close to the fixing block (9) is fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly distributed groups of limit plates (18), each group comprising symmetrically distributed limit plates (18), and the limit plates (18) are limitedly matched with adjacent third elastic telescopic rods (17).

10. A method for coal mine safety monitoring based on optical fiber sensing technology, based on the coal mine safety monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The specific method is: S1: insert the fixing rod (1) and adjacent components into the test hole, rotate the rotating ring (14), and move all the supporting plates (3) away from the fixing rod (1), so as to fix the fixing rod (1) and adjacent components in the test hole. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the extrusion strip (8) and the hole wall are in contact with each other without extrusion force, and then rotate the fastening ring (141) to pre-tighten and fix the rotating ring (14); S2: When the hole wall is slightly deformed, the hole wall squeezes the adjacent squeezing strip (8), causing the adjacent optical fiber (6) to be deformed. The optical fiber sensor (7) returns the message of the deformation of the adjacent optical fiber (6) to the control terminal. The control terminal calculates the direction and distance of the slight deformation of the hole wall and issues an electronic warning. S3: When the hole wall undergoes a large degree of deformation, the hole wall simultaneously squeezes the adjacent squeezing strip (8) and the adjacent second limiting block (12), and the second limiting block (12) squeezes the adjacent first limiting block (11), prompting the adjacent first limiting block (11) to release the limiting effect on the adjacent fixing frame (5), and the fixing frame (5) and adjacent components perform buffering sliding along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods (4); S4: When the hole wall deformation further increases, the telescopic end of the third elastic telescopic rod (17) releases the limit between the adjacent limit plate (18) under pressure, thereby causing the fixed block (9) to retract along the adjacent group of first elastic telescopic rods (4) toward the adjacent support plate (3), thereby providing a larger buffer range; S5: When removing the fixing rod (1) and the parts from the test hole, firstly rotate the fastening ring (141) and the rotating ring (14) in the opposite directions in sequence, so that all the supporting plates (3) lose the squeezing, and then remove the fixing rod (1) from the test hole.

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