A pollutant monitoring method and system based on microplastic detection

Abstract

The present invention discloses a pollutant monitoring method and system based on microplastic detection, which belongs to the field of pollution detection technology, including step 1, regularly obtaining detection samples from the monitored water body; step 2, after pre-treating the detection samples, using fluorescent dyes to dye the pre-treated detection samples; step 3, observing the dyed samples through a fluorescent microscope, and obtaining the dyed images after dyeing, and analyzing and processing the dyed images to obtain relevant parameter information of the samples; step 4, performing a comprehensive analysis based on the obtained relevant parameter information combined with environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the samples; step 5, judging the pollution level of the water body according to the size of the pollution index. The present invention can analyze the pollution purification capacity of the water body according to the change of the pollution index within a preset time. When the purification capacity is insufficient, timely manual intervention can be performed to ensure the balance of the ecological environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of pollution detection, and specifically relates to a pollutant monitoring method and system based on microplastic detection. Background Art

[0002] Microplastics refer to plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. They can come from various daily necessities such as plastic packaging, cosmetics and laundry materials. With the continuous increase in the use of plastics, microplastic pollution has become one of the important factors of global environmental pollution. Due to their small size, they can appear in water, soil, air and even the food chain, posing a potential threat to ecosystems and human health.

[0003] Microplastics are easily mixed in water bodies, causing water pollution. Existing detection of microplastic pollution mostly uses fluorescent labeling methods. Due to the influence of environmental factors, these detection methods are easily interfered by external factors. For example, the salt concentrations in different water bodies are different, which will affect the binding of the dye, resulting in inaccurate detection results. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pollutant monitoring method and system based on microplastic detection to solve the problems faced in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection, the monitoring method comprising:

[0007] Step 1: Set up monitoring stations and regularly obtain test samples from the monitored water bodies;

[0008] Step 2: After pre-treating the test sample, the pre-treated test sample is stained with a fluorescent dye;

[0009] Step 3: Observe the stained sample through a fluorescence microscope, obtain a stained image, and analyze and process the stained image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample;

[0010] Step 4: Perform a comprehensive analysis based on the relevant parameter information obtained and the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample;

[0011] Step 5: Determine the degree of water pollution based on the size of the pollution index.

[0012] Furthermore, the relevant parameter information includes: the intensity of fluorescence, the amount of fluorescence and the area of ​​fluorescence, and the environmental impact information includes: the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value and the humidity value of the environment during fluorescent dyeing.

[0013] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the pollution index in step 4 is:

[0014] Obtain the number n of fluorescent light in the stained image, the fluorescence intensity L of the stained image, and the area S of each fluorescent light i ;

[0015] By formula The pollution index K is obtained;

[0016] Where MS is the total area of ​​the stained image, β is the influence coefficient, It is the number of fluorescence areas greater than the mean area among all stained fluorescence.

[0017] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the influence coefficient is:

[0018] Obtain the salt concentration value P of the water body, the pH value PH of the water body, and the temperature value T and humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent staining;

[0019] By formula The influence coefficient β is obtained;

[0020] Among them, P0 is the standard water body salt concentration value preset during detection, PH0 is the standard water body pH value preset during detection, T0 is the standard ambient temperature value preset during detection, H0 is the standard ambient humidity value preset during detection, ΔP is the salt concentration deviation reference value, ΔPH is the pH deviation reference value, ΔT is the temperature deviation reference value, ΔH is the humidity deviation reference value, α1 and α2 are preset proportional coefficients, and α1+α2=1.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for judging the pollution level of the water body according to the size of the pollution index in step 5 is:

[0022] The obtained pollution index K is compared with the pollution index assessment threshold K preset in the system. X1 , K X2 For comparison:

[0023] When K∈(0, K X1 ), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be lightly polluted;

[0024] When K∈[K X1 , K X2 ], the pollution level of the water body is judged to be moderate pollution;

[0025] When K∈(K X2 , +∞), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be severe pollution.

[0026] Furthermore, the monitoring method also includes judging whether the purification capacity of the water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index.

[0027] Furthermore, the method for judging whether the purification capacity of the water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index is as follows:

[0028] Collect the pollution index obtained within a preset time Δt, and formulate a pollution index change curve K(t) based on the obtained pollution index;

[0029] By formula The purification status value A is obtained;

[0030] The obtained purification status value A is compared with the preset purification status threshold A th For comparison:

[0031] When A<A th When the purification capacity is qualified;

[0032] Among them, M X M is the number of times the pollution index is greater than the mean pollution index in the obtained pollution index. D is the number of times the pollution index in the obtained pollution index is less than the mean value of the pollution index, K0(t) is the reference curve of the pollution index changing with time preset by the system, max(K(t), t1, t2) is the maximum pollution index value within the preset time, min(K(t), t1, t2) is the minimum pollution index value within the preset time, t1 is the starting value of the preset time, t2 is the ending value of the preset time, and Δt=t2-t1.

[0033] A pollutant monitoring system based on microplastic detection, the system is implemented by the above-mentioned pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection, and the system comprises:

[0034] A data acquisition module, wherein the data acquisition module is used to obtain test samples collected from the water body;

[0035] A sample processing module, which is used to pre-process and fluorescently stain the collected test samples;

[0036] An image acquisition and processing module, which is used to acquire a dyeing image after dyeing, and analyze and process the dyeing image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample;

[0037] The data analysis module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the acquired relevant parameter information combined with the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample and determine the degree of pollution based on the pollution index.

[0038] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0039] The present invention obtains detection samples in the monitored water body regularly, performs fluorescence staining on the detection samples, and then performs analysis and processing according to the images thereof, so as to obtain parameter information such as fluorescence intensity, quantity and area of ​​the samples, and then performs comprehensive analysis in combination with environmental impact information of the monitored area, such as the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value of the environment during the fluorescence staining, and the humidity value, so as to obtain the pollution index of the collected detection samples, and thus judge the pollution level of the water body in combination with the size of the pollution index, so that the influence of environmental factors on the monitoring results can be eliminated during the detection, so that the data obtained in this way are more accurate and more conducive to the judgment of the water body pollution situation.

[0040] The present invention can analyze the pollution purification capacity of the water body according to the change of the pollution index within a preset time. When the purification capacity is insufficient, timely human intervention can be carried out to ensure the balance of the ecological environment.

[0041] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] In one embodiment, a pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection is disclosed, such as Figure 1 As shown, the monitoring method includes:

[0047] Step 1: Set up monitoring stations and regularly obtain test samples from the monitored water bodies;

[0048] Step 2: After pre-treating the test sample, the pre-treated test sample is stained with a fluorescent dye;

[0049] Step 3: observe the stained sample through a fluorescence microscope, obtain a stained image, and analyze and process the stained image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample, including: fluorescence intensity, fluorescence quantity and fluorescence area;

[0050] Step 4: Perform a comprehensive analysis based on the relevant parameter information obtained and the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample. The environmental impact information includes: the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value and the humidity value of the environment during fluorescent staining;

[0051] Step 5: Determine the degree of water pollution based on the size of the pollution index.

[0052] Through the above technical scheme, the present application obtains parameter information such as fluorescence intensity, quantity and area of ​​the samples by regularly collecting and monitoring test samples in the water body, and after fluorescent staining the test samples, analyzes and processes them according to their images, and then combines the environmental impact information of the monitoring area, such as the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value and the humidity value of the environment during fluorescent staining, to conduct a comprehensive analysis and obtain the pollution index of the collected test samples, so as to judge the pollution level of the water body in combination with the size of the pollution index. In this way, the influence of environmental factors on the monitoring results can be eliminated during detection, so that the data obtained is more accurate and more conducive to the judgment of the water pollution situation.

[0053] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the method for obtaining the pollution index in step 4 is:

[0054] Obtain the number n of fluorescent light in the stained image, the fluorescence intensity L of the stained image, and the area S of each fluorescent light i ;

[0055] By formula The pollution index K is obtained;

[0056] Where MS is the total area of ​​the stained image, β is the influence coefficient, It is the number of fluorescence with a fluorescence area greater than the mean area among all stained fluorescence;

[0057] The method for obtaining the influence coefficient is: obtaining the salt concentration value P of the water body, the pH value PH of the water body, and the temperature value T and humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent dyeing;

[0058] By formula The influence coefficient β is obtained;

[0059] Among them, P0 is the standard water body salt concentration value preset during detection, PH0 is the standard water body pH value preset during detection, T0 is the standard ambient temperature value preset during detection, H0 is the standard ambient humidity value preset during detection, ΔP is the salt concentration deviation reference value, ΔPH is the pH deviation reference value, ΔT is the temperature deviation reference value, ΔH is the humidity deviation reference value, α1 and α2 are preset proportional coefficients, and α1+α2=1.

[0060] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a specific method for generating a pollution index. First, the number n of fluorescence in the stained image, the fluorescence intensity L of the stained image, and the area S of each fluorescence are obtained. i The number of fluorescence can be obtained through image recognition technology, and the fluorescence intensity L of the stained image can be obtained by matching the preset fluorescence intensity comparison library. The area of ​​fluorescence can be obtained by edge recognition algorithm, and then by formula The pollution index K is obtained, the formula It indicates the ratio of the fluorescent area to the total area of ​​the stained image in the acquired image. The larger the value, the greater the index of the density of the number of microplastic particles in space, which means the water pollution is more serious. The formula It can be expressed as the ratio of the number of fluorescence areas greater than the mean area to the number of fluorescence areas in all stained fluorescence. The larger the value, the more serious the pollution. The formula e L+n It indicates the number and intensity of fluorescence. The more fluorescence there is and the stronger the intensity of fluorescence is, the more serious the pollution of microplastics in the water body is. During monitoring, it is easily disturbed by the influence coefficient of the external environment, resulting in inaccurate monitoring results. Therefore, the influence coefficient is added to the formula. After comprehensive analysis, the pollution index is more accurate. The method to obtain the influence coefficient is to obtain the salt concentration value P of the water body, the pH value PH of the water body, the temperature value T and the humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent staining, and then use the formula It turns out that the formula It indicates the difference between the salt concentration and pH value of the water body and the standard value of the test. Obviously, the smaller the difference, the smaller the impact. The formula It indicates the difference between the temperature value T and humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent staining and the standard ambient temperature value and humidity value preset in the system. Similarly, the smaller the difference, the smaller the impact on the test result. In this way, a comprehensive analysis can be conducted based on the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, and the temperature and humidity values ​​of the environment during staining to accurately derive the influence coefficient, thereby facilitating the accurate acquisition of the pollution index.

[0061] In the above technical scheme, the salt concentration value P of the water body, the pH value PH of the water body, and the temperature value T and humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent staining can all be obtained according to the installed relevant sensors, and the standard water body salt concentration value P0 preset during detection, the standard water body pH value PH0 preset during detection, the standard ambient temperature value T0 preset during detection, the standard ambient humidity value H0 preset during detection, and the preset proportional coefficients α1 and α2 can all be determined based on historical experience data combined with experimental simulation data, and the salt concentration deviation reference value ΔP, the pH deviation reference value ΔPH, the temperature deviation reference value ΔT, and the humidity deviation reference value ΔH can be determined based on historical data, and they are respectively used as standard values ​​to compare the actually measured differences, and their role as de-dimensionalization and weight adjustment is not described in detail here.

[0062] As an implementation mode of the present invention, the method for judging the pollution level of the water body according to the size of the pollution index in step 5 is:

[0063] The obtained pollution index K is compared with the pollution index assessment threshold K preset in the system. X1 , K X2 For comparison:

[0064] When K∈(0, K X1 ), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be lightly polluted;

[0065] When K∈[K X1 , K X2 ], the pollution level of the water body is judged to be moderate pollution;

[0066] When K∈(K X2 , +∞), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be severe pollution.

[0067] Through the above technical convenience, this embodiment provides a method for judging the pollution level of a water body according to the size of the pollution index, specifically, comparing the obtained pollution index K with the pollution index assessment threshold K preset in the system. X1 , K X2 For comparison, when K∈(0, K X1 ), it means that the pollution index K value is small, and the pollution level of the water body is judged to be light pollution; when K∈[K X1 , KX2 ], the pollution index K value is large, and the pollution level of the water body is judged to be moderate pollution; when K∈(K X2 , +∞), the pollution index K value is very large, and the pollution level of the water body is judged to be severe pollution. In this way, the degree of water pollution can be graded according to the size of the pollution index, which is convenient for management personnel to understand the pollution situation in time and thus facilitate symptomatic treatment.

[0068] It should be noted that the pollution index assessment threshold K X1 , K X2 It can be determined based on the pollution assessment indicators set locally, which will not be elaborated here.

[0069] As an embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring method further includes judging whether the purification capacity of the water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index, and the judging method is: collecting the pollution index obtained within a preset time Δt, and formulating a pollution index size versus time change curve K(t) according to the obtained pollution index;

[0070] By formula The purification status value A is obtained;

[0071] The obtained purification status value A is compared with the preset purification status threshold A th For comparison:

[0072] When A<A th When the purification capacity is qualified;

[0073] Among them, M X M is the number of times the pollution index is greater than the mean pollution index in the obtained pollution index. D is the number of times the pollution index in the obtained pollution index is less than the mean value of the pollution index, K0(t) is the reference curve of the pollution index changing with time preset by the system, max(K(t), t1, t2) is the maximum pollution index value within the preset time, min(K(t), t1, t2) is the minimum pollution index value within the preset time, t1 is the starting value of the preset time, t2 is the ending value of the preset time, and Δt=t2-t1.

[0074] Through the above technical solution, this embodiment provides a method for judging whether the purification capacity of a water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index size. Specifically, by collecting the pollution index obtained within a preset time Δt, a pollution index size versus time curve K(t) is drawn up according to the obtained pollution index situation, and then the formula is used to determine whether the purification capacity of a water body is qualified. The purification status value A is obtained, and the purification capacity is judged according to the size of the purification status value. It can be seen from the formula that when The larger the value, the more times the pollution index in the obtained pollution index is greater than the average pollution index, which means that the purification capacity is weaker. The formula The larger the value is, the more parts of the reference curve of the pollution index over time that exceed the preset time period are, which means the purification capacity is weaker. Similarly, when the pollution index changes less within the preset time period, that is, The smaller the value, the weaker the purification ability, so the formula A comprehensive analysis is performed to obtain the purification status value. From the formula, it can be seen that the larger the purification status value, the weaker the purification ability of the water body. Therefore, the obtained purification status value A is compared with the preset purification status threshold A. th Compare: When A<A th When the purification status value is lower than the preset purification status threshold, it means that the water purification capacity is good, and the purification capacity is considered qualified. In this way, the pollution purification capacity of the water body can be analyzed according to the change of the pollution index within the preset time. When the purification capacity is insufficient, timely manual intervention can be carried out to ensure the balance of the ecological environment.

[0075] In the above technical solution, the preset time Δt can be determined according to the time situation, such as a month as a deadline, etc. The pollution index preset by the system changes with time with reference to the curve K0(t) and the preset purification condition threshold A th This can be determined based on historical experience data, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] The present invention obtains the detection samples in the monitored water body regularly, and after fluorescent staining the detection samples, analyzes and processes according to the images thereof, obtains the parameter information such as the fluorescence intensity, quantity and area of ​​the samples, and then conducts a comprehensive analysis in combination with the environmental impact information of the monitored area, such as the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value of the environment during the fluorescent staining, and the humidity value, to obtain the pollution index of the collected detection samples, thereby judging the pollution level of the water body in combination with the size of the pollution index, so that the influence of environmental factors on the monitoring results can be eliminated during the detection, and the data obtained in this way is more accurate and more conducive to the judgment of the water pollution situation. At the same time, the present invention can analyze the pollution purification capacity of the water body according to the change of the pollution index within a preset time, and when the purification capacity is insufficient, timely manual intervention can be performed to ensure the balance of the ecological environment.

[0077] A pollutant monitoring system based on microplastic detection, such as Figure 2 As shown, the monitoring system mainly includes:

[0078] A data acquisition module, the data acquisition module is used to obtain test samples collected from the water body;

[0079] A sample processing module, which is used to pre-process and fluorescently stain the collected test samples;

[0080] An image acquisition and processing module is used to obtain the stained image after staining, and analyze and process the stained image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample;

[0081] Data analysis module: The data analysis module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the relevant parameter information obtained and the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample and determine the degree of pollution based on the pollution index.

[0082] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the concept of the present invention. The technicians in this technical field may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the concept of the invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection, characterized in that: The monitoring method comprises: Step 1: Set up monitoring stations and regularly obtain test samples from the monitored water bodies; Step 2: After pre-treating the test sample, the pre-treated test sample is stained with a fluorescent dye; Step 3: observe the stained sample through a fluorescence microscope, obtain a stained image, and analyze and process the stained image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample; Step 4: Perform a comprehensive analysis based on the relevant parameter information obtained and the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample; Step 5: Determine the degree of water pollution based on the pollution index; The relevant parameter information includes: the intensity of fluorescence, the amount of fluorescence and the area of ​​fluorescence; the environmental impact information includes: the salt concentration of the water body, the pH value of the water body, the temperature value and the humidity value of the environment during fluorescence dyeing; The method for obtaining the contamination index in step 4 is: obtaining the number n of fluorescence in the stained image, the fluorescence intensity L of the stained image, and the area S of each fluorescence i ; By formula The pollution index K is obtained; Where MS is the total area of ​​the stained image, i∈ [ 1,n ] , β is the influence coefficient, It is the number of fluorescence with a fluorescence area greater than the mean area among all stained fluorescence; The method for obtaining the influence coefficient is: obtaining the salt concentration value P of the water body, the pH value PH of the water body, and the temperature value T and humidity value H of the environment during fluorescent dyeing; By formula The influence coefficient β is obtained; Among them, P0 is the standard water body salt concentration value preset during detection, PH0 is the standard water body pH value preset during detection, T0 is the standard ambient temperature value preset during detection, H0 is the standard ambient humidity value preset during detection, ΔP is the salt concentration deviation reference value, ΔPH is the pH deviation reference value, ΔT is the temperature deviation reference value, ΔH is the humidity deviation reference value, α1 and α2 are preset proportional coefficients, and α1+α2=1.

2. A pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for judging the pollution level of the water body according to the pollution index in step 5 is: The obtained pollution index K is compared with the pollution index assessment threshold K preset in the system. X1 , K X2 For comparison: When K∈(0, K X1 ), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be lightly polluted; When K∈[K X1 , K X2 ], the pollution level of the water body is judged to be moderate pollution; When K∈(K X2 , +∞), the pollution level of the water body is judged to be severe pollution.

3. A pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection according to claim 2, characterized in that: The monitoring method also includes judging whether the purification capacity of the water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index.

4. A pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection according to claim 3, characterized in that: The method to judge whether the purification capacity of water body is qualified according to the obtained pollution index is: Collect the pollution index obtained within a preset time Δt, and formulate a pollution index change curve K(t) based on the obtained pollution index; By formula The purification status value A is obtained; The obtained purification status value A is compared with the preset purification status threshold A th For comparison: When A<A th When the purification capacity is qualified; Among them, M X M is the number of times the pollution index is greater than the mean pollution index in the obtained pollution index. D is the number of times the pollution index in the obtained pollution index is less than the mean value of the pollution index, K0(t) is the reference curve of the pollution index changing with time preset by the system, max(K(t), t1, t2) is the maximum pollution index value within the preset time, min(K(t), t1, t2) is the minimum pollution index value within the preset time, t1 is the starting value of the preset time, t2 is the ending value of the preset time, and Δt=t2-t1.

5. A pollutant monitoring system based on microplastic detection, characterized in that: The system is implemented by the pollutant monitoring method based on microplastic detection according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the system comprises: A data acquisition module, wherein the data acquisition module is used to obtain test samples collected from the water body; A sample processing module, which is used to pre-process and fluorescently stain the collected test samples; An image acquisition and processing module, which is used to acquire a dyeing image after dyeing, and analyze and process the dyeing image to obtain relevant parameter information of the sample; The data analysis module is used to conduct a comprehensive analysis based on the acquired relevant parameter information combined with the environmental impact information to obtain the pollution index of the sample and determine the degree of pollution based on the pollution index.

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