A method for preventing and controlling cherry gall mites

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling cherry gall mites, and relates to the technical field of pest control. The method comprises the following steps: cutting galls from cherry trees, scanning the galls by using a cryo-scanning electron microscope; extracting total DNA from the galls, and amplifying mitochondrial COI genes by PCR using specific primers; if it is scanned that the front foot feathery claws of the gall mites are 4 pairs, and the COI gene sequence measured has the highest consistency rate with the COI gene of Prunus pubescens, but is lower than 90%, then Prunus pubescens gall mites exist in the gall tissues on the cherry trees; if Prunus pubescens gall mites exist in the gall tissues on the cherry trees, then an opaque adhesive tape is wrapped on the gall position of the cherry trees, and a medicine is injected into the middle of the gall through the opaque adhesive tape; after the injection is completed, the adhesive tape is continued to be wrapped to form a closed dark space at the gall position. The present invention can not only accurately identify new insect pests that cause galls on cherry trees, but also carry out harmless prevention and control, thereby preventing the decline and death of cherries and cherry trees and avoiding huge economic losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of dry disease and insect pest control, and in particular to a method for controlling cherry gall mites. Background Art

[0002] Prunus Cerasus ) plant is an important economic tree species of the Rosaceae family. It is not only a fruit tree with important economic value, such as cherries and cherries, but also a world-famous early spring ornamental flower and tree, and is widely used in gardens. However, tumors of different sizes appear on a large number of cherry tree trunks and branches, which is significantly different from gum flow on the trunks, and may be caused by infection with pests and diseases. Moreover, through nearly 5 years of continuous observation, it was found that the tumors on the observed cherry tree trunks and branches continued to increase and increase; at the same time, the young buds of cherry were also damaged, forming permanent irregular galls, affecting the normal growth of cherry branches, and the infected leaf buds could not germinate and the flower buds could not bloom, resulting in fewer and fewer new branches and fruits each year. The branches of some plants even died due to the damage of tumors, and the crown became increasingly sparse, seriously affecting the normal growth and ornamental characteristics of cherry blossoms.

[0003] So far, there have been no reports of diseases and insect pests on cherry tree trunk tumors. However, in closely related species such as plum, peach, plum, and apricot, there have been reports of galls caused by gall mites (Li S, Khurshid M, Yao J, Zhang J, Dawuda MM, Hassan Z, et al. 2021. Interaction of the causal agent of apricotbud gall Acalitus phloeocoptes (Nalepa) with apricot: Implications ininfested tissues. PLoS ONE 16(9): e0250678), whose symptoms are similar to the tumors on cherry tree trunks. The damage caused by gall mites has already caused huge economic losses to these important economically related species. Therefore, the occurrence and rapid spread of cherry gall mites is likely to cause greater economic losses to the global Prunus genus (cherry, cherry).

[0004] Gall mites Eriophyoidea (Acari, Prostimata, Acariformes) are named for the galls they often produce on plants. There are more than 4,000 known species of gall mites in the world. They are one of the smallest arthropods (about 170-280µm in length) and are also specialized plant-feeding species. AcalitusThe genus (Eriophyoidea, Eriophyinae, Aceriini) was established by Keifer in 1965. As of 2009, there are 95 species in the world (Menon et al., 2009), but only two species have been reported in China, namely, Eriophyoidea serrata ( Acalitus persicae ) and Prunella vulgaris ( Acalitus phloeocoptes ). Generally speaking, gall mites are parasitic and specialized, so the gall-causing insect pests in cherry blossoms may be new species of gall mites that are unknown.

[0005] In view of the above situation, it is necessary to study the identification and prevention methods of unknown gall mites that harm cherry trees. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling cherry gall mites, so as to identify and control unknown gall mites that harm cherry trees.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for controlling gall mites of the genus Cherry, including controlling gall mites on the trunk of Cherry trees and controlling gall mites on branches and buds of Cherry trees. The method for controlling gall mites on the trunk of Cherry trees comprises:

[0009] S1. Galls were cut from Prunus trees and scanned using a cryo-scanning electron microscope.

[0010] S2, extracting the total DNA from the gall, using specific primers for PCR amplification to amplify the mitochondrial COI gene of the tree gall mite of the genus Prunus;

[0011] S3. If the scan shows that the female gall mite in the gall has four pairs of feathery claws on its forelegs, and the COI gene sequence detected has the highest consistency with the COI gene of the plum hairy gall mite, but the consistency is less than 90%, then the gall tissue on the cherry tree is present with the cherry hairy gall mite;

[0012] S4. If the gall tissue on the cherry tree is infected with the hairy gall mite, wrap the gall site of the cherry tree with an opaque tape and inject the drug into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape;

[0013] S5. After the injection of the drug is completed, continue to wrap the gall tumor with opaque tape to form a closed dark space; repeat the injection of the drug and wrapping with opaque tape until no gall mites exist in the gall tumor;

[0014] The method for preventing and controlling gall mites on branches and buds of cherry trees comprises:

[0015] In the early stage of formation and before the cracking of galls on the branches and buds of cherry trees (the outer wrapping of the branch and bud galls is intact and the appearance is green), the galls on the branches and buds of cherry trees should be removed, and the removed galls should be wrapped tightly and boiled in boiling water until there are no gall mites in the galls.

[0016] Furthermore, when scanning gall tumors with a cryo-scanning electron microscope in S1, gall tumors with adult gall mites are selected for SEM sample processing, and the method for SEM sample processing is:

[0017] (1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage and stick the gall sample on the conductive carbon glue;

[0018] (2) The sample stage with the gall sample was placed in liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 30-40 seconds, and then transferred to the sample preparation chamber under low-temperature freezing and vacuum conditions for sublimation gold plating;

[0019] (3) After the gall sample was sublimated at -85 to -95°C for 10 to 12 min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 10 to 12 mA for 50 to 60 s, and then the gall sample was scanned to expose the structure of the gall mite;

[0020] (4) Observe and analyze the morphology of adult gall mites, nymphs, and egg galls in gall tumor samples.

[0021] Furthermore, the sequences of the specific primers in S2 are shown in SEQ ID NO.1 and SEQ ID NO.2:

[0022] F: TTYTCWACWAAYCATARGAYATTGG:

[0023] R:ATRTADACTTCWGGRTGHCCAAARAATCA.

[0024] Furthermore, the agent described in S4 is 2000-3000 times of 30% ethidium bromide, 1000-1500 times of 5% avermectin or 1500-2000 times of 15% avermectin-spiromethoxazole.

[0025] Furthermore, when the removed gall is tightly wrapped and then boiled in boiling water, the boiling time is 3 to 5 minutes.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The present invention can not only accurately identify new insect pests that cause galls on cherry trees, but also effectively prevent the damage of cherry trees to cherry trees caused by hairy gall mites; effectively prevent the decline and death of cherry trees, and avoid economic losses.

[0028] (2) The present invention can effectively prevent and control the damage caused by the cherry tree gall mite to cherry blossoms, specifically preventing the reduction in the number of new branches and new leaves of cherry trees, and the reduction in the amount of flowering and fruiting; and effectively prevent the further spread of the cherry tree gall mite. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a comparison diagram of the COI sequences of the cherry gall mite and its closely related species in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a SEM scanning image of the gall mite causing gall tumors on winter cherry trees in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a SEM scan of the feathery claws of the front feet of the gall mite in the winter cherry tree trunk gall in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 is a SEM scan and structural schematic diagram of the feathery claws of the front feet of the gall mite in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a diagram of the "plastic wrapping + drug injection" control of the cherry tree trunk gall in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 is a graph showing the number of hairy gall mites per unit area of ​​gall tumors before (left) and after (right) control in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a picture of gall tumors on the trunk of Yunnan cherry trees caused by gall mites in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 is a SEM scan of gall mites in the gall of Yunnan cherry branches in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 This is a SEM scan of the feathery claws of the front feet of the gall mite in the Yunnan cherry branch gall in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 This is a data comparison chart of the number of leaves, the number of flower buds and the canopy density of Yunnan cherry trees before (left) and after (right) the control of cherry hairy gall mites in Example 3 of the present invention;

[0039] Fig.11 This is a picture of the whole plant of Cherry in Central China caused by gall mite damage in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0040] Fig.12 This is a picture of the gall tumor on the bud of the central China cherry caused by the gall mite damage in Example 4 of the present invention (specimen submitted for inspection);

[0041] Fig.13is a SEM scan of gall mites in the bud gall of Huazhong cherry in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0042] Fig.14 This is a SEM scan of the feathery claws of the gall mite in the bud gall of the Huazhong cherry in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0043] Fig.15 This is a data comparison diagram of the number of leaves, the number of flower buds and the canopy density of the Prunus sphenanthera before (left) and after (right) the control of the hairy gall mites in the cherry trees in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0044] Fig.16 : is a picture of a fruiting branch of a Chinese cherry before (left) and after (right) the control of cherry hairy gall mites in Example 4 of the present invention;

[0045] Fig.17 This is a picture of the Yunnan cherry bud gall caused by gall mite damage in Example 5 of the present invention (specimen submitted for inspection);

[0046] Fig.18 is a SEM scan of gall mites in the Yunnan cherry bud gall in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.19 This is a SEM scan of the feathery claws of the gall mite in the Yunnan cherry bud gall in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 20 This is a data comparison chart of the number of leaves, the number of flower buds and the canopy density of Yunnan cherry before (left) and after (right) the control of cherry hairy gall mites in Example 5 of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.21 These are pictures of Yunnan cherry branches before (left) and after (right) control of cherry hairy gall mites in Example 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] The samples of the following embodiments were collected from two types of cherry blossoms at Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province (102°85′76′′E, 24°85′02′′N), namely winter cherry blossoms (high pot cherry blossoms) and Cerasus cerasoides , specimen number: Zheng2321), Yunnan cherry (red flower high pot cherry Cerasus cerasoides var. rubea, specimen number: Zheng2322); and Yunnan cherry ( Cerasus yunnanensis , specimen number: Zheng2323), Prunus chinensis ( Cerasus conradinae , specimen number: Zheng2602). The identification of the above species was carried out with reference to the online database of Flora of China.

[0052] Example 1 Molecular Validation

[0053] The total DNA of the galls of the four species samples (Zheng2321, Zheng2322, Zheng2323, and Zheng2602) was extracted respectively, and after COI gene amplification and sequencing, Blast alignment was performed.

[0054] Specifically, genomic DNA was extracted using the TSP201 animal genomic DNA kit, and specific primers such as SEQ ID NO.1 and SEQ ID NO.2: F (TTYTCWACWAAYCATARgAYATTgg) and R (ATRTADACTTCWggRTgHCCAAARAATCA) were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the mitochondrial COI gene of the cherry gall mite (annealing temperature 55°C). After amplification, the product was sequenced using an ABI 3730 automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA). The measured sequence was registered in GenBank, and the COI gene sequences of closely related species were compared in the NCBI database using BLAST. The comparison results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 Finally, the COI gene sequence was aligned using Geneious R10 (Biomatters Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) software.

[0055] Further, the results of COI gene sequence analysis of the four species showed that the COI gene fragment length of cherry gall mite was 605bp, and the accession number stored in GenBank was OR366840. BLAST analysis showed that the sequence was similar to that of Prunus chinensis ( Acalitus phloeocoptes ) has the highest COI gene consistency rate of 85.12%. If it is lower than 90%, it is the cherry gall mite, and its Latin name is proposed to be Acalitus cerasusis sp. nov.

[0056] Example 2 Winter cherry blossoms ( C. cerasoides Morphological identification and control of Cherry Blossom Gall Mites

[0057] The galls of winter cherry were dissected and observed using an LC-SMS-4 stereo microscope, and materials with adult gall mites were selected for SEM sample processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0058] 1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage, pick up the sample with tweezers and stick it on the conductive carbon glue.

[0059] 2) Liquid nitrogen slush quick freezing: After the sample stage with the sample is put into liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 30 seconds, it is transferred to the sample preparation chamber under vacuum using a low-temperature freezing preparation transfer system for sublimation gold plating.

[0060] 3) Sublimation and gold plating: After the sample was sublimated at -90℃ for 10min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 10 mA for 60s and sent to the Regulus 8220 scanning electron microscope sample chamber for observation. The cold stage temperature was -140℃ and the accelerating voltage was 5 kV to expose the structure of the gall mite. The morphology of different stages of the gall mite, such as adults, nymphs, and eggs, was observed, measured, and photographed.

[0061] SEM scan of the gall mite that causes galls on winter cherry trees Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the SEM scanning images of the gall mite show that its morphological characteristics are generally similar to those of the closely related species, the hairy gall mite of plum and the hairy gall mite of peach. The specific morphology includes: the insect body is ivory-shaped, 127.38~242.67μm long, 24.11~40.59μm wide, the front of the body is slightly wider and carrot-shaped. The beak is about 12.43μm long and extends obliquely downward. The female genitalia is 16.78~20.59μm wide and 24.90~26.5μm long, and the vulva cover has petal-shaped distribution patterns. The dorsal shield is basically smooth, 20.42~25.61μm long and 34.68~40.60μm wide. The number of dorsal rings is 46-53, and the dorsal hair is 28.41~32.44μm long and extends obliquely backward. The feathery claw is simple, with 2 pairs of legs and three pairs of caudal setae, and the leg length is 26.62μm.

[0062] After sorting out, the classification of two species of the genus Acalitus in my country is as follows: (1) The feathery claws of Acalitus serratus are single, with 5 pairs, and the dorsal scutes are basically smooth, with only a small number of short stripes in the center of the rear edge of the scutes; (2) The feathery claws of Acalitus serratus are single, with 5 pairs, and there is a small protrusion on the front edge of the dorsal scutes, and there are several particles and a large tumor-like protrusion on each side edge. However, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cherry blossom gall mite of the present invention has 4 pairs of pinnate claws on its front legs, which is significantly different from the number of pinnate claws on the front legs of the plum hairy gall mite and the peach hairy gall mite (5 pairs), indicating that it is the cherry blossom hairy gall mite.

[0063] Furthermore, the prevention and control of winter cherry trunk galls is carried out by wrapping with opaque adhesive tape and injecting drugs throughout the year, such as Figure 5As shown, the specific steps are: first wrap 3 layers of opaque tape, then inject the agent into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape, and after the needle of the syringe is pulled out, continue to wrap 1 layer of opaque tape to form a closed and dark space. Due to the formation of a closed and dark space, on the one hand, it can prevent the gall mite from escaping to light and spreading by wind, and on the other hand, it can reduce the evaporation of the agent inside the gall tumor. Then, the agent is supplemented and injected once every 15 days, which can achieve a control effect of more than 95%. Specifically, the selected agent is 2000 times of 30% ethidium bromide + 1500 times of 5% avermectin solution.

[0064] Test on the control effect of hairy gall mites under winter cherry trees: One month after stopping the drug, 100 galls were randomly selected and the hairy gall mites under the galls were observed under a stereo microscope. The number of 9mm per unit area in the 100 galls before and after the control was counted. 2 The number of insects in the field of vision, the number of insects of Cherry hairy gall mites per unit area of ​​gall tumors before (left) and after (right) control. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, control efficiency = (total number of insects before control - total number of insects after control) / total number of insects before control * 100%. Specifically, (368-28) / 368 * 100% = 92.39%.

[0065] To control the gall mites on the buds and branches of winter cherry blossoms, the method of early removal and destruction is adopted. The specific steps are: manual removal is carried out when the galls are initially formed, well wrapped, and before they open to spread the galls. You can use high branch shears to pick them, wrap the picked galls tightly, and then boil them in boiling water for 3 minutes to achieve 100% control effect.

[0066] Example 3 Yunnan cherry ( C. cerasoides var. rubea Identification and control of cherry gall mites

[0067] Take the gall on the trunk of Yunnan cherry tree ( Figure 7 ) as the material, firstly, the gall tumor was dissected and observed using the LC-SMS-4 stereo microscope, and the material with gall mite adults was selected for SEM sample processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] (1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage and use tweezers to pick up the sample and stick it on the conductive carbon glue.

[0069] (2) Liquid nitrogen slush quick freezing: The sample stage with the sample is placed in liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 30 seconds, and then transferred to the sample preparation chamber under vacuum using a low-temperature freezing preparation transfer system for sublimation gold plating.

[0070] (3) Sublimation and gold plating: After the sample was sublimated at -90 °C for 10 min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 10 mA for 60 s and then placed in the sample chamber of a Regulus 8220 scanning electron microscope for observation. The cold stage temperature was -140 °C and the accelerating voltage was 5 kV to expose the structure of the gall mite.

[0071] Through SEM scanning electron microscopy observation, the SEM scanning image of gall mites in the gall of Yunnan cherry branches is as follows Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the gall-causing insect body was found to be ivory-shaped, 127.38-242.67 μm long and 24.11-40.59 μm wide, belonging to the genus Acarus. The SEM scan of the feathery claws of the front feet of the gall mite in the Yunnan cherry tree branch gall is shown in the figure. Fig. 9 As shown, the feathery claws of adult gall mites are single and have four pairs of branches. Therefore, it is determined that the mites that damage cherry blossoms and cause galls are the hairy gall mites.

[0072] To prevent and control the hairy gall mites of cherry bud galls in Yunnan, the method of early removal and destruction is adopted. The specific steps are: manual removal is carried out when the galls are initially formed, the wrapping is intact, and before they open to spread the galls. The galls can be picked with high branch shears, and the picked galls are tightly wrapped and then boiled in boiling water for 4 minutes. This can achieve 100% prevention and control effect.

[0073] In the second year after the control, the data of leaf number, flower bud number and canopy density of Yunnan cherry are shown in Table 1 and Fig.10 As shown:

[0074]

[0075] From Table 1 and Fig.10 It can be seen that in the second year after the prevention and control ended, the number of leaves, flower buds and crown density of Yunnan cherry increased significantly.

[0076] Taking Kunming as an example, according to statistics, there are more than 190 sections of roads planted with cherry blossoms in the main urban area of ​​Kunming, among which more than 23,000 Yunnan cherry blossoms and more than 3,500 Yunnan winter cherry blossoms are planted, totaling 26,500 cherry blossoms. According to the propagation speed and harm degree of the hairy gall mite under the cherry blossoms, if scientific prevention and control are not carried out, in the next 5-10 years, these cherry blossoms will have a large-scale decline in tree vigor, withering of branches and trunks, and even plant death. About 80% of the plants may have to be replaced because the canopy closure (shading rate) is not up to standard. Generally speaking, the breast diameter of the cherry blossoms replaced on both sides of the road is at least 10cm (market minimum price: 600 yuan / tree), and the cost required is 26,500*80%*600 yuan=12,720,000 yuan. Therefore, if the method in the present invention is adopted for scientific prevention and control, the cherry blossoms in Kunming alone can avoid economic losses of 12.72 million yuan.

[0077] Example 4 Huazhong cherry ( C. conradinaeIdentification and control of cherry gall mites

[0078] by Fig.11 and Fig.12 The bud galls of the Chinese cherry were used as materials. First, the galls were dissected and observed using an LC-SMS-4 stereo microscope, and materials with adult gall mites were selected for SEM sample processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0079] 1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage, pick up the sample with tweezers and stick it on the conductive carbon glue.

[0080] 2) Liquid nitrogen slush quick freezing: After the sample stage with the sample is put into liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 35 seconds, it is transferred to the sample preparation chamber under vacuum using a low-temperature freezing preparation transfer system for sublimation gold plating.

[0081] 3) Sublimation and gold plating: After the sample was sublimated at -85°C for 12 min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 11 mA for 50 s and then placed in the sample chamber of a Regulus 8220 scanning electron microscope for observation. The cold stage temperature was -140°C and the accelerating voltage was 5 kV to expose the structure of the gall mite.

[0082] Through SEM scanning electron microscopy observation, the SEM scanning image of the feathery claws of the gall mite in the bud gall of Huazhong cherry is as follows Fig.13 As shown in the figure, the gall-causing insect body was found to be ivory-shaped, 127.38-242.67 μm long and 24.11-40.59 μm wide, belonging to the genus Acarus. The SEM scan of the feathery claws of the gall mite in the bud gall of the central China cherry is shown in the figure. Fig.14 As shown, the feathery claws of adult gall mites are single and have four pairs of branches. Therefore, it is determined that the mites that damage cherry blossoms and cause galls are the hairy gall mites.

[0083] To control the cherry hairy gall mites in the bud galls of central China cherries, the method of early removal and destruction is adopted. The specific steps are: manual removal is carried out when the galls are initially formed, the wrapping is intact, and before they open to spread the galls. The galls can be picked with high branch shears, and the picked galls are tightly wrapped and then boiled in boiling water for 4 minutes. This can achieve 100% control effect.

[0084] In the second year after the control, the data of leaf number, flower bud number and canopy density of Prunus chinensis are shown in Table 2 and Fig.15 As shown; the fruiting branches of Huazhong cherry before (left) and after (right) treatment of cherry gall mites. Fig.16 As shown:

[0085]

[0086] From Table 2 and Fig.15 , Fig.16It can be seen that in the second year after the prevention and control, the number of leaves, flower buds and crown density of the Central China cherry tree increased significantly.

[0087] Example 5 Yunnan Cherry ( C. yunnanensis Identification and control of cherry gall mites

[0088] by Fig.17 The bud galls of Yunnan cherry were used as materials. First, the galls were dissected and observed using an LC-SMS-4 stereo microscope, and materials with adult gall mites were selected for SEM sample processing. The specific steps are as follows:

[0089] (1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage and use tweezers to pick up the sample and stick it on the conductive carbon glue.

[0090] (2) Liquid nitrogen slush quick freezing: The sample stage with the sample is placed in liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 40 seconds, and then transferred to the sample preparation chamber under vacuum using a low-temperature freezing preparation transfer system for sublimation gold plating.

[0091] (3) Sublimation and gold plating: After the sample was sublimated at -95 °C for 11 min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 12 mA for 55 s and then placed in the sample chamber of a Regulus 8220 scanning electron microscope for observation. The cold stage temperature was -140 °C and the accelerating voltage was 5 kV to expose the structure of the gall mite.

[0092] Through SEM scanning electron microscopy observation, the SEM scanning image of gall mites in the gall of Yunnan cherry buds is as follows Fig.18 As shown in the figure, the gall-causing insect body was found to be ivory-shaped, 127.38-242.67 μm long and 24.11-40.59 μm wide, belonging to the genus Acarus. The SEM scan of the feathery claws of the gall mite in the Yunnan cherry bud gall is shown in the figure. Fig.19 As shown, the feathery claws of adult gall mites are single and have four pairs of branches. Therefore, it is determined that the mites that damage cherry blossoms and cause galls are the hairy gall mites.

[0093] To prevent and control the hairy gall mites of cherry bud galls in Yunnan, the method of early removal and destruction is adopted. The specific steps are: manual removal is carried out when the galls are initially formed, the wrapping is intact, and before they open to spread the galls. The galls can be picked with high branch shears, and the picked galls are tightly wrapped and then boiled in boiling water for 5 minutes. This can achieve 100% prevention and control effect.

[0094] In the second year after the control, the leaf number, flower bud number and canopy density of Yunnan cherry are shown in Table 3 and Fig. 20 As shown; the condition of Yunnan cherry branches before (left) and after (right) treatment of cherry gall mites. Fig.21 As shown:

[0095]

[0096] From Table 3 and Fig. 20 , Fig.21 It can be seen that in the second year after the prevention and control ended, the number of leaves, flower buds and crown density of Yunnan cherry increased significantly.

[0097] Example 6 Yunnan cherry ( C. cerasoides var. rubea ) Prevention and control of hairy gall mites under the trunk of cherry trees

[0098] For the prevention and control of galls on the trunk of Yunnan cherry trees, the method of wrapping with opaque tape + injecting drugs is used throughout the year. The specific steps are: first wrap 4 layers of opaque tape, then inject the drug into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape, and after pulling out the needle of the syringe, continue to wrap 1 layer of opaque tape to form a closed and dark space. Due to the formation of a closed and dark space, on the one hand, it can prevent gall mites from escaping to light and spreading by wind, and on the other hand, it can reduce the evaporation of drugs inside the gall. Supplementary injection of drugs every 15 days can achieve a prevention and control effect of more than 95%. Specifically, the selected drug is 3000 times of 30% ethidium bromide + 1500 times of 15% abamectin.

[0099] Test on the control effect of hairy gall mites on cherry blossoms in Yunnan: One month after stopping the drug, 100 galls were randomly selected and the hairy gall mites in the galls were observed under a stereo microscope. The number of 9mm per unit area in the 100 galls before and after the control was counted. 2 The number of insects in the field of vision. Control efficiency = (total number of insects before control - total number of insects after control) / total number of insects before control * 100%. The control efficiency can reach more than 92%.

[0100] Example 7 Huazhong cherry ( C. conradinae ) Prevention and control of hairy gall mites under the trunk of cherry trees

[0101] For the prevention and control of galls on the trunk of cherries in Central China, the method of wrapping with opaque tape + injecting drugs is adopted throughout the year. The specific steps are: first wrap 5 layers of opaque tape, then inject the drug into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape, and after pulling out the needle of the syringe, continue to wrap 2 layers of opaque tape to form a closed and dark space. Due to the formation of a closed and dark space, on the one hand, it can prevent the gall mites from escaping to the light and spreading by wind, and on the other hand, it can reduce the evaporation of drugs inside the gall. Supplementary injection of drugs every 15 days can achieve a prevention and control effect of more than 95%. Specifically, the selected drug is 2500 times of 30% ethidium bromide + 2000 times of 15% abamectin.

[0102] Test on the control effect of hairy gall mites on cherry in Central China: One month after stopping the drug, 100 galls were randomly selected and the hairy gall mites in the galls were observed under a stereo microscope. The number of 9mm per unit area in the 100 galls before and after the control was counted.2 The number of insects in the field of vision. Control efficiency = (total number of insects before control - total number of insects after control) / total number of insects before control * 100%. The control efficiency can reach more than 95%.

[0103] Example 8 Control of the hairy gall mites on the trunk of Yunnan cherry (C. yunnanensis)

[0104] For the prevention and control of Yunnan cherry trunk galls, the method of wrapping with opaque tape + injecting drugs is used throughout the year. The specific steps are: first wrap 4 layers of opaque tape, then inject the drug into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape, and after pulling out the needle of the syringe, continue to wrap 2 layers of opaque tape to form a closed and dark space. The formation of a closed and dark space can prevent gall mites from escaping to light and spreading by wind, and reduce the evaporation of drugs inside the gall tumor. Supplementary injection of drugs every 15 days can achieve a prevention and control effect of more than 95%. Specifically, the selected drug is 2000 times of 30% ethidium bromide + 1000 times of 5% avermectin solution.

[0105] Test on the control effect of hairy gall mites on Yunnan cherry: One month after stopping the drug, 100 galls were randomly selected and the hairy gall mites in the galls were observed under a stereo microscope. The number of 9mm per unit area in the 100 galls before and after the control was counted. 2 The number of insects in the field of vision. Control efficiency = (total number of insects before control - total number of insects after control) / total number of insects before control * 100%. The control efficiency can reach more than 95%.

[0106] In summary, the present invention can not only accurately identify new insect pests that cause galls in cherry trees, but also effectively prevent the damage of cherry trees to cherry trees by hairy gall mites; effectively prevent the decline and death of cherry trees, and avoid economic losses. The damage of cherry trees to cherry trees caused by hairy gall mites can be effectively prevented, including preventing the reduction of new branches and new leaves of cherry trees, the reduction of flowering and fruiting amount; and effectively preventing the further spread of hairy gall mites.

[0107] The specific implementation methods of the invention are described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the invention is not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modification or substitution of the invention is also within the scope of the invention, therefore, the equalization, modification, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling gall mites of the genus Cherry, comprising controlling gall mites on the trunk of Cherry trees and controlling gall mites on branches and buds of Cherry trees, characterized in that: The method for preventing and controlling the main trunk gall mites of the genus Prunus comprises: S1. Galls were cut from Prunus trees and scanned using a cryo-scanning electron microscope. S2, extracting the total DNA from the gall, using specific primers for PCR amplification, and amplifying the mitochondrial COI gene of the tree gall mite of the genus Prunus; S3. If the scan shows that the female gall mite in the gall has four pairs of feathery claws on its forelegs, and the COI gene sequence detected has the highest consistency with the COI gene of the plum hairy gall mite, but the consistency is less than 90%, then the gall tissue on the cherry tree is present with the cherry hairy gall mite; S4. If the gall tissue on the cherry tree is infected with the hairy gall mite, wrap the gall site of the cherry tree with an opaque tape and inject the drug into the middle of the gall through the opaque tape; S5. After the injection of the drug is completed, continue to wrap the gall tumor with opaque tape to form a closed dark space; repeat the injection of the drug and wrapping with opaque tape until no gall mites exist in the gall tumor; The method for preventing and controlling gall mites on branches and buds of cherry trees comprises: In the early stage of formation and before the cracking of the galls on the branches and buds of the cherry trees, the galls on the branches and buds of the cherry trees are removed, and the removed galls are tightly wrapped and boiled in boiling water until there are no gall mites in the galls.

2. The method for controlling cherry gall mites according to claim 1, characterized in that: When scanning gall tumors with a cryo-scanning electron microscope as described in S1, gall tumors with adult gall mites are selected for SEM sample processing, and the method for SEM sample processing is as follows: (1) Apply conductive carbon glue on the sample stage and stick the gall sample on the conductive carbon glue; (2) The sample stage with the gall sample was placed in liquid nitrogen slush for quick freezing for 30-40 seconds, and then transferred to the sample preparation chamber under low-temperature freezing and vacuum conditions for sublimation gold plating; (3) After the gall sample was sublimated at -85 to -95°C for 10 to 12 min, it was sputter-plated with gold at a current of 10 to 12 mA for 50 to 60 s, and then the gall sample was scanned to expose the structure of the gall mite; (4) Observe and analyze the morphology of adult gall mites, nymphs, and egg galls in gall tumor samples.

3. The method for controlling cherry gall mites according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sequences of the specific primers in S2 are shown in SEQ ID NO.1 and SEQ ID NO.2: F: TTYTCWACWAAYCATARGAYATTGG: R: ATRTADACTTCWGGRTGHCCAAARAATCA.

4. The method for controlling cherry gall mites according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agent described in S4 is 2000-3000 times of 30% ethidium bromide, 1000-1500 times of 5% avermectin or 1500-2000 times of 15% avermectin-spiromethoxam.

5. The method for controlling cherry gall mites according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the removed gall is tightly wrapped and then placed in boiling water for boiling, the boiling time is 3 to 5 minutes.

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