An anisotropic temperature sensor for spatial temperature monitoring

Abstract

The application provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, which is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a signal processing module; the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is a cross type equal division structure with 4-6 main measuring branches, and each main measuring branch has a Y type / fork type structure with 2 auxiliary measuring branches at the outward end; the electrodes are arranged in pairs on the two sides of the outward end of the auxiliary measuring branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate and are electrically connected with the signal processing module respectively. The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using ink direct writing 3D printing technology, and is small in size, and can monitor the temperature changes in different directions and determine the direction / position of the temperature changes by collecting the resistance signal changes at different positions through the anisotropy and high thermal induction characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of temperature sensors and relates to an anisotropic temperature sensor for spatial temperature monitoring. The sensor has spatial temperature sensing capability and can monitor the orientation / position and movement orientation of a temperature source. Background Art

[0002] Temperature, a physical quantity that characterizes the degree of heat or coldness of an object, plays a vital role in a wide range of fields, including industrial automation, aerospace, home appliances, environmental protection, production safety, and the automotive industry. Space temperature monitoring is particularly critical, as it is a core factor affecting system performance, stability, and safety, whether in space, inside large buildings, or in the workspaces of precision equipment.

[0003] Traditional temperature sensors are primarily classified into two types: contact and non-contact. Contact temperature sensors utilize the principle of heat conduction to measure temperature through direct contact with the object being measured, offering high accuracy. However, these sensors are limited by the physical properties of the object being measured and environmental constraints, such as those affecting moving objects, low heat capacity, or highly corrosive media. Non-contact temperature sensors utilize the principle of radiative heat exchange and are capable of measuring moving objects and difficult-to-reach high or low-temperature targets. However, their accuracy is susceptible to environmental factors.

[0004] However, temperature monitoring in spatial environments faces numerous challenges. For example, building automation systems, such as those used for building temperature monitoring, require real-time, accurate monitoring and control of temperature, humidity, and other environmental parameters throughout the building to improve living and working comfort while achieving efficient energy utilization. This requires temperature sensors with high sensitivity, high stability, and long-distance communication capabilities.

[0005] In recent years, spatial temperature sensors capable of sensing dynamic temperature changes have garnered widespread attention. Spatial temperature sensors are devices that respond to spatial temperature changes. However, current research on spatial temperature sensors relies primarily on temperature sensor arrays. For example, Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Chinese invention patent, "Flexible Resistive MEMS Temperature Sensor Array and Preparation Method Thereof" (CN103385699B), discloses a flexible resistive MEMS temperature sensor array and its preparation method. The sensor array is composed of multiple temperature-sensitive thin films and can measure the temperature field distribution of an object's surface in real time.

[0006] However, on the one hand, the above-mentioned sensor arrays have complex manufacturing processes, high costs and low efficiency. At the same time, they also need to be equipped with a signal processing module that can fully correspond to multiple temperature sensors in the array and calculate the response in a timely manner. This will undoubtedly greatly increase the cost of such spatial temperature sensors, and it is quite difficult to balance circuit design, component layout and durability. On the other hand, most of the sensors used are contact sensors, which seriously limits their application scope and development.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance, multifunctional space temperature sensors based on non-contact technology to further meet the increasingly complex temperature measurement needs. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for spatial temperature monitoring. The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by ink direct writing 3D printing technology. While being sufficiently miniaturized, the anisotropic temperature sensor utilizes its anisotropy and high thermal sensitivity properties. By collecting the resistance signal changes at different positions, the anisotropic temperature sensor can monitor temperature changes in different directions and determine the direction / position of temperature changes.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by adopting a technical solution consisting of the following technical measures.

[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, which is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a signal processing module;

[0011] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a Y-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch. The angle between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 60 to 100 degrees, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch.

[0012] or,

[0013] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a tuning fork-type structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch, and the spacing between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 0.2 to 0.4 times the length of the auxiliary measurement branch;

[0014] The electrodes are arranged in pairs on both sides of the outward end of the secondary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate and are electrically connected to the signal processing module respectively. The signal processing module receives the resistance signal transmitted by each pair of electrodes and records the change of the resistance signal value.

[0015] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using carbon-based temperature sensitive functional ink using ink direct writing 3D printing technology;

[0016] The carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0017] 0.5-1.5 parts of polymer regulator,

[0018] 1 to 5 parts of one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material,

[0019] 10 to 80 parts of solvent,

[0020] The polymer regulator is a conventional auxiliary agent that provides reversible dynamic interaction functionality between molecules or within molecules at room temperature.

[0021] In this article, the anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a signal processing module. Those skilled in the art should know that the above-mentioned anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and signal processing module are necessary components of the anisotropic temperature sensor, which has the ability to collect and record the electrical signal changes (resistance value changes) of each electrode point on the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate through the signal processing module. Those skilled in the art can judge the direction and position of temperature changes in the space environment based on the resistance signal change values ​​collected and recorded by the signal processing module.

[0022] Because the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention has obvious resistance differences in different orientations of the substrate, especially in the one-dimensional direction perpendicular to the direction of the wire strip. Based on its anisotropic characteristics, those skilled in the art can judge the orientation / position of temperatures of the same or similar magnitude based on the real-time response of multiple output resistance signals. In one of the technical solutions, different fixed temperature heat sources at different orientations / positions can also be measured in advance for the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention, and then a model is obtained by summarizing or machine learning based on the temperature height and position relationship of multiple heat sources at different orientations / positions through statistical summary or based on conventional machine learning methods, and the orientation / position of the temperature in the spatial environment is derived based on the summary or model.

[0023] In one of the technical solutions, the signal processing module includes a single-chip microcomputer and its supporting control system. The analog-to-digital converter on the single-chip microcomputer converts the resistance signal transmitted by each electrode point into a digital signal, and transmits it to the central processing unit on the single-chip microcomputer. The direction and position of the temperature change in the spatial environment are judged through a conventional comparison algorithm, and the judgment result is output.

[0024] In one of the further preferred technical solutions, the anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring further includes a display device connected to the single chip microcomputer to visually output the judgment result.

[0025] In this article, in order to meet the requirements of high lightness and miniaturization, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a main measuring branch and a secondary measuring branch with a width of 0.1 cm and a thickness of 0.1 mm in one technical solution, and a secondary measuring branch with a length of 0.5 cm to meet its anisotropic temperature sensing requirements. It should be noted that the above-mentioned dimensional data are miniaturized dimensions that meet its anisotropic temperature sensing requirements. Those skilled in the art can perform proportional enlargement based on this dimension to meet the temperature monitoring in a larger spatial environment range.

[0026] In this article, the electrodes are arranged in pairs on both sides of the outward end of the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate. The specific arrangement of the paired electrodes follows the common knowledge in the field, for example, the substrate is used as the central layer and the electrodes are used as the upper and lower layers in a "sandwich" manner; in one of the technical solutions, when the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is based on the above-mentioned miniaturized size, the paired electrodes arranged at the outward end of the auxiliary measurement branch can also be selected to directly cover the paired electrode sheets at the outward ends of the two auxiliary measurement branches.

[0027] In one of the technical solutions, the electrodes are further arranged in pairs at the center of a cross-like equal-dividing structure of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0028] Herein, the electrodes are electrically connected to the signal processing modules respectively, and the electrical connection method thereof follows the common knowledge in the art, for example, conventional wires are used for electrical connection.

[0029] It should be noted that in the present invention, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is produced using direct-write 3D printing technology using carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink. Based on the dimensional data provided in the aforementioned technical solution, the dimensions of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate are defined by a single line output by the 3D printing needle. When proportional enlargement is required, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate can be formed from parallel strands using a Zigzag path filling algorithm and linear fill printing. This printing method, combined with the one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material in the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink, imparts anisotropic functionality to the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0030] In one of the technical solutions, the one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material is selected from any one or more combinations of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.

[0031] In this article, the polymer regulator is a conventional auxiliary agent that provides reversible dynamic interaction functionality between molecules or within molecules at room temperature. The polymer regulator can undergo reversible bonding reaction or dynamic interaction between molecules at room temperature, so that the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink has self-repairing function at room temperature. Therefore, when performing ink direct writing 3D printing, the spontaneous self-repairing effect of the ink at room temperature can eliminate the interface resistance between the printed layers, increase the interlayer interaction force, and effectively improve the electrochemical and other properties of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate prepared by printing with the ink, and it has high temperature sensitivity while having anisotropic function.

[0032] In one technical solution, the polymer regulator is selected from one or more of cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, nanocellulose, polyethylene glycol, catechin or tannic acid.

[0033] In this article, the solvent is a solvent selection commonly used in inks used for ink direct writing 3D printing. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable ink solvent based on current commercial inks or existing literature records.

[0034] In one technical solution, the solvent selection includes water, ionic liquid, acetic acid, urea, thiourea, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylmorphine.

[0035] In one of the technical solutions, in order to promote cross-linking reactions between polymer chains in the raw materials and improve the mechanical stability of the printed products, the raw materials of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink also include 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a cross-linking agent and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a catalyst; preferably, the cross-linking agent is selected from any one or more of polymaleic acid, citric acid, 1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid propane, 1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid butane, glutaraldehyde or borate, and the catalyst is selected from any one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, potassium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hypophosphite, sodium acetate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

[0036] In this article, the preparation of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink follows common knowledge in the art, and the raw material components are mixed evenly.

[0037] In order to better illustrate the present invention and provide a technical solution for reference, the preparation method of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is to mix and stir the raw material components at 20-35°C and 8000-30000 r / min for 20-60 minutes.

[0038] In order to better illustrate the present invention and provide a technical solution for reference, the operation method of ink direct writing 3D printing using the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is as follows:

[0039] (1) loading the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink into a pneumatic jet valve in an ink direct-writing 3D printer, and then operating a dispenser at a speed of 5 to 10 mm / s to print a model corresponding to the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate;

[0040] (2) Heating the product obtained in step (1) at 120-200° C. for 30-100 min, washing, and then drying at 50-100° C. for 12-30 h to obtain an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0041] One of the main points of the present invention is that the present invention can judge the location / position of temperatures of the same or similar magnitude based on the anisotropy of multiple output resistance signals by real-time response of the resistance signal. In order to better utilize the anisotropic functionality of the substrate to provide more accurate temperature location / position judgment, so that the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention can obtain spatial thermal sensing capabilities, the inventors designed a series of substrates with different numbers of main measurement branches, such as Figure 5When the plane nine-square grid is used as the basic position recognition unit, in the simulation test, if the sensor has fewer main measurement branches, the location of the heat source cannot be effectively distinguished; if the sensor has more main measurement branches, there will be more obvious mutual influence between adjacent main measurement branches, and the judgment method for the signal processing module will become more complicated. Figures 6-8 As shown in the figure, three representative sensors (the number of main measurement branches is 3, 4, and 6 respectively) are selected to explore the effect of the number of main measurement branches on the identification of heat source locations.

[0042] The results show that when the number of main measurement branches is three, the sensor's heat source location simulation results show that this structure cannot distinguish between the heat source location at the upper left (right) position and the heat source location at the left (right) position of the nine-square grid. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n=3) is odd, the temperature distribution is more complex than when the number is even, and the complexity of the judgment method also increases.

[0043] When the number of main measurement branches is four, simulation results show that this structure can effectively distinguish between heat sources in different locations. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n=4) is even, the heat source locations can be divided into three categories: positive direction (up, down, left, and right), diagonal direction (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right), and center. When heat sources are in the same location, the sensor temperature distribution is similar, greatly reducing the complexity of the judgment method.

[0044] When the number of main measurement branches is 6, simulation results show that this structure can effectively distinguish between heat sources in different locations. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n = 6) is even, the heat source locations can also be divided into three categories: positive direction (up, down, left, and right), diagonal direction (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right), and the center. However, the increase in branches affected by the heat source increases the complexity of the microcontroller's judgment method.

[0045] In summary, when n is an even number, the sensor can distinguish heat sources, but as n increases, the complexity of its judgment method increases and the manufacturing difficulty also increases.

[0046] Furthermore, in order to minimize the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention while ensuring sufficient accuracy in determining the temperature direction / position, the present invention provides a Y-shaped / tuning fork-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch, and systematically simulates and compares the effect of the length of the auxiliary measurement branches on the determination accuracy. The results are shown in the attached figure. Figures 9-11 Based on the simulation results, it is found that in practical applications, the Y-shaped structure of the two auxiliary measurement branches is more conducive to the accuracy of judging the temperature direction / position in the space environment.

[0047] On the other hand, the present invention also provides the above-mentioned anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, which can be applied to consumer electronics, health care, energy storage systems and other fields.

[0048] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present invention provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring. The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by ink direct writing 3D printing technology. While being sufficiently miniaturized, it utilizes its anisotropy and high thermal sensitivity properties. By collecting the resistance signal changes at different positions, the anisotropic temperature sensor can monitor temperature changes in different directions and determine the direction / position of temperature changes.

[0050] 2. The present invention provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring. In one of the technical solutions, the temperature changes and the direction / position of temperature changes in the space environment can be autonomously monitored through conventional comparison algorithms and decoupling mechanisms based on single-chip microcomputers.

[0051] 3. The anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring provided by the present invention has a more ideal shape confirmed based on a large number of experiments. While meeting the requirements of sufficient temperature orientation / position judgment accuracy, it outputs resistance signals through only four electrode sites, greatly reducing the back-end hardware requirements and the complexity of the judgment method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate in the anisotropic temperature sensor according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate in the anisotropic temperature sensor according to Example 2 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anisotropic temperature sensor according to Example 1 of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the anisotropic temperature sensor according to Example 3 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a design diagram of the number of main measurement branches of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the number of main measurement branches of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is 3.

[0058] Figure 7This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the number of main measurement branches of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is 4.

[0059] Figure 8 This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the number of main measurement branches of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is 6.

[0060] Figure 9 This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the length ratio of the main measurement branch and the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is approximately 1:1.

[0061] Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the length ratio of the main measurement branch to the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is approximately 1:0.5.

[0062] Figure 11 This is a simulation result diagram of heat source position identification when the length ratio of the main measurement branch to the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate of the present invention is approximately 1:2.

[0063] Figure 12 This is a diagram showing the heat source movement path of the anisotropic temperature sensor in Example 3 of the present invention during testing and the conversion of the resistance signals of the four electrodes into temperature change diagrams when the heat source moves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to further understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples, but it should be understood that these descriptions are only for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than for limiting the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art can refer to the contents of this article and appropriately improve the process parameters for implementation. It is particularly important to point out that all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the present invention. The methods and applications of the present invention have been described through preferred embodiments, and relevant personnel can obviously modify or appropriately change and combine the methods and applications described herein without departing from the content, spirit and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention. Although it is believed that those of ordinary skill in the art fully understand the following terms, the following definitions are still stated to help illustrate the subject matter disclosed by the present invention.

[0065] In one aspect, the present invention provides an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, which is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a signal processing module;

[0066] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a Y-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch. The angle between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 60 to 100 degrees, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch.

[0067] or,

[0068] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a tuning fork-type structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch, and the spacing between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 0.2 to 0.4 times the length of the auxiliary measurement branch;

[0069] The electrodes are arranged in pairs on both sides of the outward end of the secondary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate and are electrically connected to the signal processing module respectively. The signal processing module receives the resistance signal transmitted by each pair of electrodes and records the change of the resistance signal value.

[0070] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using carbon-based temperature sensitive functional ink using ink direct writing 3D printing technology;

[0071] The carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0072] 0.5-1.5 parts of polymer regulator,

[0073] 1 to 5 parts of one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material,

[0074] 10 to 80 parts of solvent,

[0075] The polymer regulator is a conventional auxiliary agent that provides reversible dynamic interaction functionality between molecules or within molecules at room temperature.

[0076] In this article, the anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a signal processing module. Those skilled in the art should know that the above-mentioned anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and signal processing module are necessary components of the anisotropic temperature sensor, which has the ability to collect and record the electrical signal changes (resistance value changes) of each electrode point on the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate through the signal processing module. Those skilled in the art can judge the direction and position of temperature changes in the space environment based on the resistance signal change values ​​collected and recorded by the signal processing module.

[0077] Because the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention has obvious resistance differences in different orientations of the substrate, especially in the one-dimensional direction perpendicular to the direction of the wire strip. Based on its anisotropic characteristics, those skilled in the art can judge the orientation / position of temperatures of the same or similar magnitude based on the real-time response of multiple output resistance signals. In one of the technical solutions, different fixed temperature heat sources at different orientations / positions can also be measured in advance for the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention, and then a model is obtained by summarizing or machine learning based on the temperature height and position relationship of multiple heat sources at different orientations / positions through statistical summary or based on conventional machine learning methods, and the orientation / position of the temperature in the spatial environment is derived based on the summary or model.

[0078] In one embodiment, the signal processing module includes a single-chip microcomputer and its supporting control system, which converts the resistance signal transmitted by each electrode point into a digital signal through the analog-to-digital converter on the single-chip microcomputer, and transmits it to the central processing unit on the single-chip microcomputer. The direction and position of the temperature change in the spatial environment are judged through a conventional comparison algorithm, and the judgment result is output.

[0079] In one further preferred embodiment, the anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring further includes a display device connected to the single chip microcomputer to visually output the judgment result.

[0080] In this article, in order to meet the requirements of high lightness and miniaturization, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, in one embodiment, has a width of 0.1 cm and a thickness of 0.1 mm for the main measuring branch and the auxiliary measuring branch, and a length of 0.5 cm for the auxiliary measuring branch, so as to meet its anisotropic temperature sensing requirements. It should be noted that the above-mentioned dimensional data are miniaturized dimensions that meet its anisotropic temperature sensing requirements, and those skilled in the art can perform proportional enlargement based on the dimensions to meet the temperature monitoring in a larger spatial environment range.

[0081] In this article, the electrodes are arranged in pairs on both sides of the outward end of the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate. The specific arrangement of the paired electrodes follows the common knowledge in the field. In one embodiment, for example, the substrate is used as the central layer and the electrodes are used as the upper and lower layers in a "sandwich" manner; in one embodiment, when the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is based on the above-mentioned miniaturized size, the paired electrodes arranged at the outward end of the auxiliary measurement branch can also be selected to directly cover the paired electrode sheets at the outward ends of the two auxiliary measurement branches.

[0082] In one embodiment, the electrodes are arranged in pairs at the center of a cross-like equidividing structure of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0083] Herein, the electrodes are electrically connected to the signal processing modules respectively, and the electrical connection method thereof follows the common knowledge in the art. In one embodiment, for example, conventional wires are used for electrical connection.

[0084] It should be noted that in the present invention, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is produced using direct-write 3D printing technology using carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink. Based on the dimensional data provided in the aforementioned technical solution, the dimensions of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate are defined by a single line output by the 3D printing needle. When proportional enlargement is required, the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate can be formed from parallel strands using a Zigzag path filling algorithm and linear fill printing. This printing method, combined with the one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material in the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink, imparts anisotropic functionality to the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0085] In one embodiment, the one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material is selected from any one or more combinations of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.

[0086] In this article, the polymer regulator is a conventional auxiliary agent that provides reversible dynamic interaction functionality between molecules or within molecules at room temperature. The polymer regulator can undergo reversible bonding reaction or dynamic interaction between molecules at room temperature, so that the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink has self-repairing function at room temperature. Therefore, when performing ink direct writing 3D printing, the spontaneous self-repairing effect of the ink at room temperature can eliminate the interface resistance between the printed layers, increase the interlayer interaction force, and effectively improve the electrochemical and other properties of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate prepared by printing with the ink, and it has high temperature sensitivity while having anisotropic function.

[0087] In one embodiment, the polymer regulator is selected from one or more of cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, nanocellulose, polyethylene glycol, catechin or tannic acid.

[0088] In this article, the solvent is a solvent selection commonly used in inks used for ink direct writing 3D printing. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable ink solvent based on current commercial inks or existing literature records.

[0089] In one embodiment, the solvent selected includes water, ionic liquids, acetic acid, urea, thiourea, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide or N-methylmorphine.

[0090] In one embodiment, in order to promote cross-linking reactions between polymer chains in the raw materials and improve the mechanical stability of the printed products, the raw materials of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink also include 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a cross-linking agent and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a catalyst; preferably, the cross-linking agent is selected from any one or more of polymaleic acid, citric acid, 1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid propane, 1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid butane, glutaraldehyde or borate, and the catalyst is selected from any one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, potassium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hypophosphite, sodium acetate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

[0091] In this article, the preparation of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink follows common knowledge in the art, and the raw material components are mixed evenly.

[0092] In order to better illustrate the present invention and provide an embodiment for reference, the preparation method of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is to mix and stir the raw material components at 20-35°C and 8000-30000 r / min for 20-60 minutes.

[0093] In order to better illustrate the present invention and provide an embodiment for reference, the operation method of ink direct writing 3D printing using the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is as follows:

[0094] (1) loading the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink into a pneumatic jet valve in an ink direct-writing 3D printer, and then operating a dispenser at a speed of 5 to 10 mm / s to print a model corresponding to the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate;

[0095] (2) Heating the product obtained in step (1) at 120-200° C. for 30-100 min, washing, and then drying at 50-100° C. for 12-30 h to obtain an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

[0096] One of the main points of the present invention is that the present invention can judge the location / position of temperatures of the same or similar magnitude based on the anisotropy of multiple output resistance signals by real-time response of the resistance signal. In order to better utilize the anisotropic functionality of the substrate to provide more accurate temperature location / position judgment, so that the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention can obtain spatial thermal sensing capabilities, the inventors designed a series of substrates with different numbers of main measurement branches, such as Figure 5 When the plane nine-square grid is used as the basic position recognition unit, in the simulation test, if the sensor has fewer main measurement branches, the location of the heat source cannot be effectively distinguished; if the sensor has more main measurement branches, there will be more obvious mutual influence between adjacent main measurement branches, and the judgment method for the signal processing module will become more complicated. Figures 6-8 As shown in the figure, three representative sensors (the number of main measurement branches is 3, 4, and 6 respectively) are selected to explore the effect of the number of main measurement branches on the identification of heat source locations.

[0097] The results show that when the number of main measurement branches is three, the sensor's heat source location simulation results show that this structure cannot distinguish between the heat source location at the upper left (right) position and the heat source location at the left (right) position of the nine-square grid. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n=3) is odd, the temperature distribution is more complex than when the number is even, and the complexity of the judgment method also increases.

[0098] When the number of main measurement branches is four, simulation results show that this structure can effectively distinguish between heat sources in different locations. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n=4) is even, the heat source locations can be divided into three categories: positive direction (up, down, left, and right), diagonal direction (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right), and center. When heat sources are in the same location, the sensor temperature distribution is similar, greatly reducing the complexity of the judgment method.

[0099] When the number of main measurement branches is 6, simulation results show that this structure can effectively distinguish between heat sources in different locations. Furthermore, when the number of main measurement branches (n = 6) is even, the heat source locations can also be divided into three categories: positive direction (up, down, left, and right), diagonal direction (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right), and the center. However, the increase in branches affected by the heat source increases the complexity of the microcontroller's judgment method.

[0100] In summary, when n is an even number, the sensor can distinguish heat sources, but as n increases, the complexity of its judgment method increases and the manufacturing difficulty also increases.

[0101] Furthermore, in order to minimize the anisotropic temperature sensor provided by the present invention while ensuring sufficient accuracy in determining the temperature direction / position, the present invention provides a Y-shaped / tuning fork-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch, and systematically simulates and compares the effect of the length of the auxiliary measurement branches on the determination accuracy. The results are shown in the attached figure. Figures 9-11 Based on the simulation results, it is found that in practical applications, the Y-shaped structure of the two auxiliary measurement branches is more conducive to the accuracy of judging the temperature direction / position in the space environment.

[0102] On the other hand, the present invention also provides the above-mentioned anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, which can be applied to consumer electronics, health care, energy storage systems and other fields.

[0103] The present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the examples. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these examples are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0104] Example

[0105] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are merely illustrative of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application. In the examples, if no specific conditions are indicated, the conditions are carried out according to normal conditions or manufacturer recommendations. The reagents used or the instruments that are not indicated by the manufacturer are conventional products that can be obtained commercially. The application should not be construed as being limited to the specific examples described.

[0106] Example 1

[0107] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 As shown, in embodiment 1, an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring is provided, which is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, an electrode 3 and a single chip computer 5;

[0108] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross structure with four main measurement branches 1, and at the outward end of each main measurement branch 1 is a tuning fork-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches 2, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch 2 is 1 times the distance from the auxiliary measurement branch bifurcation to the main measurement branch bifurcation, and the spacing between the two auxiliary measurement branches 2 on each main measurement branch 1 is 0.2 times the length of the auxiliary measurement branch 2;

[0109] The width of the main measuring branch 1 and the auxiliary measuring branch 2 is 0.1 cm, the thickness is 0.1 mm, and the length of the auxiliary measuring branch 2 is 0.5 cm;

[0110] The electrodes 3 are arranged in pairs at the center of the cross structure of the substrate of the anisotropic temperature sensing material and on both sides of the outward ends of the auxiliary measurement branches, directly covering the outward ends of the two auxiliary measurement branches, and are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer 5 through wires 4. The single-chip microcomputer 5 receives the resistance signals transmitted by each pair of electrodes and records the changes in the resistance signal values. The single-chip microcomputer 5 also includes its supporting control system.

[0111] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using carbon-based temperature sensitive functional ink using ink direct writing 3D printing technology;

[0112] The carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is obtained by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0113]

[0114] Example 2

[0115] like Figure 2 As shown, in embodiment 1, an anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring is provided, which is mainly composed of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and a monolithic machine;

[0116] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross structure with four main measurement branches 1, and a Y-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches 2 at the outward end of each main measurement branch 1. The angle between the two auxiliary measurement branches 2 on each main measurement branch 1 is 90°, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch 2 is 1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch.

[0117] The width of the main measuring branch 1 and the auxiliary measuring branch 2 is 0.1 cm, the thickness is 0.1 mm, and the length of the auxiliary measuring branch 2 is 0.5 cm;

[0118] The electrodes are arranged in pairs at the center of the cross structure of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate and on both sides of the outward ends of the auxiliary measurement branches, directly covering the outward ends of the two auxiliary measurement branches, and are respectively electrically connected to a single-chip microcomputer. The single-chip microcomputer receives the resistance signals transmitted by each pair of electrodes and records the changes in the resistance signal values. The single-chip microcomputer also includes a supporting control system.

[0119] The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using carbon-based temperature sensitive functional ink using ink direct writing 3D printing technology;

[0120] The carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is consistent with that in Example 1.

[0121] Example 3

[0122] Example 3 is based on Example 1. The single chip microcomputer adopts the microcontroller (Arduino MCU) of the open source Arduino platform, which is equipped with a commercially available conventional central processing unit, analog-to-digital converter, etc. Figure 4 As shown, it is connected to the electrodes on the substrate of the heterogeneous temperature sensing material through wires. The microcontroller receives the resistance signal transmitted by each pair of electrodes and converts the resistance signal into temperature. The direction and position of the temperature change in the space environment are judged based on the collected and recorded temperature change values, as shown in FIG. Figure 12 In addition, the microcontroller is connected to the LED display device and the computer respectively to achieve the functions of synchronizing data and displaying the direction / position of the heat source.

[0123] The above embodiments are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring, characterized in that It is mainly composed of anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate, electrodes and signal processing module; The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a Y-shaped structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch. The angle between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 60 to 100 degrees, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch. or, The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate has a cross-like evenly divided structure with 4 to 6 main measurement branches, and a tuning fork-type structure with two auxiliary measurement branches at the outward end of each main measurement branch, and the length of the auxiliary measurement branch is 0.9 to 1.1 times the distance from the bifurcation of the auxiliary measurement branch to the bifurcation of the main measurement branch, and the spacing between the two auxiliary measurement branches on each main measurement branch is 0.2 to 0.4 times the length of the auxiliary measurement branch; The electrodes are arranged in pairs on both sides of the outward end of the auxiliary measurement branch of the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate and are electrically connected to the signal processing module respectively. The signal processing module receives the resistance signal transmitted by each pair of electrodes and records the change of the resistance signal value; The anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate is prepared by using carbon-based temperature sensitive functional ink using ink direct writing 3D printing technology; The carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight, which are mixed to obtain: 0.5~1.5 parts of polymer regulator, 1~5 parts of one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material, 10~80 parts of solvent, The polymer regulator is a conventional auxiliary agent that provides reversible dynamic interaction functionality between molecules or within molecules at room temperature.

2. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The signal processing module includes a single chip microcomputer and a matching control system.

3. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 2, wherein: The anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring also includes a display device connected to the single chip microcomputer.

4. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the main measuring branch and the auxiliary measuring branch is 0.1 cm, the thickness is 0.1 mm, and the length of the auxiliary measuring branch is 0.5 cm.

5. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The electrodes are also arranged in pairs at the center of a cross-like equidivision structure of an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

6. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The one-dimensional carbon-based conductive material includes any one or more combinations of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.

7. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymer regulator includes one or more of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, nanocellulose, polyethylene glycol, catechin or tannic acid.

8. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The raw materials of the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink also include 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a cross-linking agent and 0.1 to 0.5 parts of a catalyst; the cross-linking agent includes any one or more of polymaleic acid, citric acid, 1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid propane, 1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid butane, glutaraldehyde or borate, and the catalyst includes any one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, phosphomolybdic acid, potassium hydrogen sulfate, aluminum chloride, ferric chloride, sodium hydrogen sulfate, sodium hypophosphite, sodium acetate, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.

9. The anisotropic temperature sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that The operation method of performing ink direct writing 3D printing with the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink is as follows: (1) loading the carbon-based temperature-sensitive functional ink into a pneumatic jet valve in an ink direct writing 3D printer, and then operating the dispenser at a speed of 5 to 10 mm / s to print a model corresponding to the anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate; (2) Heating the product obtained in step (1) at 120-200° C. for 30-100 min, washing, and drying at 50-100° C. for 12-30 h to obtain an anisotropic temperature sensing material substrate.

10. The anisotropic temperature sensor for space temperature monitoring according to claim 1 is applied in the fields of consumer electronics, health care, and energy storage systems.

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