A safety monitoring method and system for rock slopes

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of rock slope monitoring technology, and discloses a safety monitoring method and system for rock slopes, the method comprising: obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope; determining the slope height and slope width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map; determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determining the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio; obtaining the strain and crack information of the rock slope, and adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the strain and crack information; obtaining the slope internal structure and potential sliding surface information of the rock slope, and adjusting the safety assessment value twice according to the slope internal structure and potential sliding surface information, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope. Through the continuous data collection and analysis of the mobile laser radar detection device and the distributed optical fiber sensor, the stability of the slope can be grasped in real time, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock slope monitoring, and in particular to a safety monitoring method and system for rock slopes. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of infrastructure, humans frequently develop land in mountainous areas, mining areas and other geological environments, and the stability of rock slopes has become increasingly prominent. Rock slopes may experience unstable phenomena such as deformation and sliding, which will pose a serious threat to buildings, roads, bridges and other facilities on and around the slopes, and may even cause geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, posing a serious threat to personnel safety and property.

[0003] Traditional slope monitoring methods mainly include manual inspection and instrument measurement. Manual inspection relies on the experience of professionals and judges the stability of the slope by observing the changes in its appearance. This method is inefficient and is greatly affected by subjective factors. Instrument measurement collects data through sensors installed on the slope, such as displacement meters, inclinometers, strain gauges, etc. These devices can provide accurate data, but the installation and maintenance costs are high, and they can only monitor information at specific points. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safety monitoring method and system for rock slopes to achieve safety monitoring of rock slopes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safety monitoring method and system for rock slopes, so as to solve the problems of high cost, low efficiency and poor real-time performance of traditional manual inspection and instrument measurement methods.

[0005] The present invention provides a safety monitoring method for rock slopes, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain three-dimensional topographic maps of rock slopes;

[0007] Determine the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map;

[0008] Determine the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determine the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio;

[0009] Acquiring the strain amount and crack information of the rock slope, and adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the strain amount and crack information;

[0010] The internal structure of the rock slope and the potential sliding surface information are obtained, and the safety assessment value is adjusted secondary according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information to achieve safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0011] Preferably, determining the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map includes:

[0012] Analyze the three-dimensional topographic map to determine the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line of the rock slope;

[0013] Determine a collection of slope top contour lines of the rock slope according to the slope top boundary line, and set the mode of the collection of slope top contour lines as the slope top contour line of the rock slope;

[0014] Determine a collection of slope bottom contour lines of the rock slope according to the slope bottom boundary line, and set the mode of the collection of slope bottom contour lines as the slope bottom contour line of the rock slope;

[0015] Determine the slope height of the rock slope according to the difference between the slope top contour line and the slope bottom contour line;

[0016] The slope width collection is determined according to the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line, and the slope width of the rock slope is determined according to the slope width collection.

[0017] Preferably, determining a set of slope widths according to the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line, and determining the slope width of the rock slope according to the set of slope widths includes:

[0018] Projecting the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line onto the same horizontal plane, and determining a pseudo symmetry axis according to the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line;

[0019] Based on the pseudo symmetry axis, the slope width set is determined according to the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line;

[0020] The average of the set of slope widths is determined, and the average of the set of slope widths is set as the slope width of the rock slope.

[0021] Preferably, determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determining the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio, comprises:

[0022] Determine that the ratio of the slope height to the slope width is B, the ratio B=h / k; wherein h represents the slope height and k represents the slope width;

[0023] Presetting a first preset ratio and a second preset ratio, wherein the first preset ratio is smaller than the second preset ratio;

[0024] Determining a safety assessment value P of the rock slope according to a relationship between the ratio B and the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio;

[0025] If the ratio B is less than the first preset ratio, the safety assessment value P of the rock slope is set to the first preset safety assessment value P1, that is, P=P1;

[0026] If the ratio B is greater than or equal to the first preset ratio, and the ratio B is less than the second preset ratio, the safety assessment value P of the rock slope is set to the second preset safety assessment value P2, that is, P=P2;

[0027] If the ratio B is greater than or equal to the second preset ratio, the safety assessment value P of the rock slope is set to a third preset safety assessment value P3, that is, P=P3; wherein P1>P2>P3.

[0028] Preferably, adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the strain amount and the crack information includes:

[0029] Setting a first additional adjustment coefficient L according to the crack information;

[0030] When the crack information indicates that there is no crack, the first additional adjustment coefficient L is set to 0.4;

[0031] When the crack information indicates that the crack opening is less than 1 mm, the first additional adjustment coefficient L is set to 0.3;

[0032] When the crack information is 1 mm ≤ crack opening ≤ 5 mm, the first additional adjustment coefficient L is set to 0.2;

[0033] When the crack information indicates that the crack opening is greater than 5 mm, the first additional adjustment coefficient L is set to 0.1.

[0034] Preferably, adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the strain amount and the crack information further includes:

[0035] After determining the safety assessment value P of the rock slope as the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi according to the ratio B, i=1, 2, 3;

[0036] Presetting a first preset strain amount and a second preset strain amount, wherein the first preset strain amount is smaller than the second preset strain amount;

[0037] According to the relationship between the strain amount and the first preset strain amount and the second preset strain amount, the safety assessment value is adjusted once;

[0038] If the strain amount is less than the first preset strain amount, the first preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y1+L) is selected to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y1+L);

[0039] If the strain amount is greater than or equal to the first preset strain amount, and the strain amount is less than the second preset strain amount, the second preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y2+L) is selected to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y2+L);

[0040] If the strain value is greater than or equal to the second preset strain value, the third preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y3+L) is selected to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y3+L), wherein Y1>Y2>Y3.

[0041] Preferably, the safety assessment value is adjusted secondary according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, including:

[0042] Setting a second additional adjustment coefficient Q according to the potential sliding surface information;

[0043] If the potential sliding surface information indicates that a potential sliding surface exists, the second additional adjustment coefficient Q is set to 0;

[0044] If the potential sliding surface information indicates that there is no potential sliding surface, the second additional adjustment coefficient Q=1 is set.

[0045] Preferably, the second adjustment of the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information also includes:

[0046] According to the strain amount and crack information, the i-th preset strain adjustment coefficient (Yi+L) is selected to adjust the safety assessment value once, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L) is obtained, where i=1, 2, 3;

[0047] If the internal structure of the slope is the first internal structure, the first preset structure adjustment coefficient (G1+Q) is selected to perform a secondary adjustment on the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G1+Q);

[0048] If the internal structure of the slope is the second internal structure, the second preset structure adjustment coefficient (G2+Q) is selected to perform a secondary adjustment on the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G2+Q);

[0049] If the internal structure of the slope is the third internal structure, the third preset structure adjustment coefficient (G3+Q) is selected to perform secondary adjustment on the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G3+Q); G1>G2>G3;

[0050] Among them, the first internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is an integral, blocky, or sub-blocky structure; the second internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a fragmented, inlaid, or broken structure; and the third internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a loose, loose, or dispersed structure.

[0051] The present invention also discloses a safety monitoring system for rock slopes, which is used to apply the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for rock slopes. The system comprises:

[0052] A mobile laser radar detection device is arranged in the area to be monitored of the rock slope, comprising a mobile device, a connecting device and a laser radar detection device, wherein the mobile device is used to enable the mobile laser radar detection device to slide flexibly; the connecting device is used to connect the mobile device and the laser radar detection device; the laser radar detection device is used to obtain a three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope and to detect the internal structure of the rock slope and information on potential sliding surfaces;

[0053] The laser radar detection device detects rock slopes through laser detection devices and radar detection rings, and transmits detection information to the central processing unit through transmission elements and transmission cables. The 134-transmission ring is mainly used to protect and support the transmission elements to ensure the stability and reliability of the signal transmission process. The solar panel supplies power to the laser radar detection device, and the radar signal receiving ring communicates with the central processing unit to finally obtain the three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope and the internal structure and potential sliding surface information for detecting the rock slope.

[0054] A distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged in the area to be monitored of the rock slope, and is used to detect the strain and crack information of the rock slope;

[0055] An intelligent assessment device, the intelligent assessment device includes a base, a support rod, a safety assessment module and an assessment adjustment module, the base is set at the bottom of the intelligent assessment device, the support rod is used to connect the safety assessment module, the safety assessment module includes a height and width picking module and an assessment module, the height and width picking module is used to determine the slope height and slope width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map, and calculate the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, the assessment module determines the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio of the height and width picking module, the assessment adjustment module includes a primary adjustment module and a secondary adjustment module, the primary adjustment module is used to make a primary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the strain and crack information, and the secondary adjustment module is used to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0056] More specifically: a safety monitoring system for rock slopes, used to apply the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for rock slopes, the system comprising:

[0057] A mobile laser radar detection device for obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope and for detecting the internal structure of the rock slope and information on potential sliding surfaces, wherein the mobile laser radar detection device is arranged on the opposite side of the rock slope to be monitored;

[0058] A distributed optical fiber sensor for detecting strain and crack information of a rock slope, wherein a plurality of the distributed optical fiber sensors are arranged in the area to be monitored in the rock slope;

[0059] And an intelligent evaluation device for evaluating the stability of rock slopes, which is electrically connected to the mobile laser radar detection device and the multiple distributed optical fiber sensors through sensor wires and obtains information from the mobile laser radar detection device and the multiple distributed optical fiber sensors to perform safety monitoring according to the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for rock slopes.

[0060] Furthermore, the mobile laser radar detection device comprises: a mobile device, a connecting device and a laser radar detection device;

[0061] The moving device comprises a rolling wheel, two rolling wheels are connected by a shaft to form a sliding structure, a bearing is sleeved in the middle of the shaft, and a bearing seat is provided on the bearing;

[0062] The connecting device includes a connecting rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bearing seat and a gasket is provided at the connection between the connecting rod and the bearing seat; the laser radar detection device can slide along the axial direction of the rolling wheel, and the other end is connected to the laser radar detection device, and the laser radar detection device can move within a certain range along the connecting rod.

[0063] Furthermore, it also includes an adjusting nut

[0064] The adjusting nut includes a moving device adjusting nut, a connecting rod adjusting nut and a laser radar adjusting nut; the connecting rod includes a center rod and an upper telescopic rod and a lower telescopic rod located inside the center rod, the other end of the lower telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bearing seat, and the moving device adjusting nut is used to lock or loosen the connection between the lower telescopic rod and the center rod; a ring is provided on the outer side of the laser radar detection device, the upper telescopic rod is sleeved with the ring, and the laser radar adjusting nut is provided on the upper and lower sides of the ring for adjusting the level and height of the laser radar detection device; the connecting rod adjusting nut is provided at the connection between the upper telescopic rod and the center rod, and is used to lock or loosen the connection between the upper telescopic rod and the center rod.

[0065] Furthermore, the laser radar detection device includes a laser detector for detecting the surface of the rock slope, a radar detection ring for detecting the inside of the rock slope, a radar signal receiving ring and a central processing unit;

[0066] The radar detection ring sends radar waves, the radar signal receiving ring receives the radar wave reflection signal, and the radar signal receiving ring and the laser detector are connected to the central processing unit through a transmission element;

[0067] A transmission ring for connection or protection is arranged between the transmission elements.

[0068] It also includes a solar panel, which supplies power to the laser radar detection device through a transmission cable.

[0069] Furthermore, the distributed fiber optic sensor includes:

[0070] A light emitting diode, wherein a transparent protective cover is provided on the outer side of the light emitting diode;

[0071] An induction ring is arranged along the length direction of the light emitting diode and perpendicular to the length direction, and the induction ring is located outside the protective sleeve.

[0072] A transmission optical fiber is arranged outside the induction ring;

[0073] The light emitting diode, the induction ring and the transmission optical fiber are covered with an insulating shell outside;

[0074] The light emitting diode, the induction ring and both ends of the transmission optical fiber are connected with optical sensors.

[0075] Furthermore, there are at least two induction rings and an even number of induction rings, which are evenly distributed on both sides of the length direction of the light emitting diode.

[0076] Furthermore, the intelligent assessment device includes a safety assessment module and an assessment adjustment module;

[0077] The safety assessment module includes a height-width picking module and an assessment module. The height-width picking module is used to determine the slope height and slope width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map obtained by the mobile laser radar detection device, and calculate the ratio of the slope height to the slope width. The assessment module determines the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio of the height-width picking module.

[0078] The assessment and adjustment module includes a primary adjustment module and a secondary adjustment module. The primary adjustment module is used to make a primary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the strain and crack information obtained by the distributed optical fiber sensor, and the secondary adjustment module is used to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information obtained by the mobile lidar detection device, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0079] Furthermore, it also includes a base and a support rod;

[0080] The base is arranged at the bottom of the intelligent assessment device, and the support rod is used to connect the safety assessment module and the base.

[0081] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effect that the stability of the slope can be grasped in real time through the continuous data collection and analysis of the mobile laser radar detection device and the distributed optical fiber sensor. At the same time, the automated monitoring reduces the manpower demand and the maintenance cost; the combination of various high-tech means improves the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data; it can issue an early warning before the slope becomes unstable, effectively preventing the occurrence of geological disasters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0083] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of a safety monitoring method for rock slopes of the present invention;

[0084] Figure 2 It is a structural block diagram of a safety monitoring system for rock slopes of the present invention;

[0085] Figure 3 It is a structural block diagram of a mobile laser radar detection device for a safety monitoring system of a rock slope according to the present invention;

[0086] Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of a distributed optical fiber sensor for a safety monitoring system for rock slopes according to the present invention;

[0087] Figure 5 A slope safety comprehensive assessment model diagram of a safety monitoring system for rock slopes according to the present invention;

[0088] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a connection device for a safety monitoring system for rock slopes according to the present invention;

[0089] In the figure:

[0090] 1-mobile laser radar detection device, 11-mobile device, 111-bearing, 112-rolling wheel, 113-bearing seat, 12-connecting device, 121-gasket, 122-connecting rod, 123-adjusting nut, 13-laser radar detection device, 131-laser detector, 132-radar detection ring, 133-transmission element, 134-transmission ring, 135-solar panel, 136-transmission cable, 137-central processing unit, 138-radar signal receiving ring, 2-sensing wire, 3-distributed optical fiber sensor, 31-insulating shell, 32-transmission optical fiber, 33-induction ring, 34-protective cover, 35-photodiode, 36-optical sensor, 4-intelligent evaluation device, 41-base, 42-support rod, 43-safety evaluation module, 431-height and width picking module, 432-evaluation module, 44-evaluation adjustment module, 441-primary adjustment module, 442-secondary adjustment module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0092] Example

[0093] The present invention provides a safety monitoring method for rock slopes. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0094] S1, obtain the three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope.

[0095] S2, determining the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map.

[0096] S3, determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determining the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio.

[0097] S4, obtaining the strain amount and crack information of the rock slope, and adjusting the safety assessment value according to the strain amount and crack information.

[0098] S5, obtaining the internal structure of the rock slope and the potential sliding surface information, and making a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information to achieve safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0099] Preferably, determining the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map includes:

[0100] The three-dimensional topographic map is analyzed to determine the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line of the rock slope; a collection of top contour lines of the rock slope is determined according to the top boundary line, and the mode in the collection of top contour lines is set as the top contour line of the rock slope; a collection of bottom contour lines of the rock slope is determined according to the bottom boundary line, and the mode in the collection of bottom contour lines is set as the bottom contour line of the rock slope; the height of the rock slope is determined according to the difference between the top contour line and the bottom contour line; a collection of slope widths is determined according to the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line, and the width of the rock slope is determined according to the collection of slope widths.

[0101] In this embodiment, the top contour line and the bottom contour line of the rock slope are determined by determining the majority of the contour lines of the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line, thereby determining the slope height of the rock slope.

[0102] Preferably, a collection of slope widths is determined based on the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line, and the width of the rock slope is determined based on the slope width collection, including: projecting the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line onto the same horizontal plane, and determining a pseudo symmetry axis based on the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line; based on the pseudo symmetry axis, determining the collection of slope widths based on the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line; determining an average of the collection of slope widths, and setting the average of the collection of slope widths as the width of the rock slope.

[0103] In this embodiment, by projecting the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line on the same horizontal plane, it is convenient to calculate the slope width of the rock slope. Before calculating the slope width, a pseudo symmetry axis is set according to the alignment trend of the projected top boundary line and the bottom boundary line, and the projected top boundary line and the bottom boundary line are guaranteed to be relatively symmetrical. When calculating the slope width, several line segments parallel to the pseudo symmetry axis are added, one end of the line segment is connected to the projected top boundary line, and the other end is connected to the projected bottom boundary line. The length of the added line segment is the slope width.

[0104] Preferably, determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determining the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio, includes: determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width to be B, ratio B=h / k; wherein h represents the slope height, and k represents the slope width; presetting a first preset ratio and a second preset ratio, wherein the first preset ratio is less than the second preset ratio; determining the safety assessment value P of the rock slope according to the relationship between the ratio B and the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio; if the ratio B is less than the The first preset ratio sets the safety assessment value P of the rock slope to the first preset safety assessment value P1, that is, P=P1; if the ratio B is greater than or equal to the first preset ratio, and the ratio B is less than the second preset ratio, the safety assessment value P of the rock slope is set to the second preset safety assessment value P2, that is, P=P2; if the ratio B is greater than or equal to the second preset ratio, the safety assessment value P of the rock slope is set to the third preset safety assessment value P3, that is, P=P3; wherein, P1>P2>P3.

[0105] In this embodiment, the ratio B of the slope height to the slope width indicates the steepness of the slope and is negatively correlated with the safety assessment value of the rock slope. When the slope height increases, the gravity arm of the slope increases, which increases the gravitational potential energy of the soil on the upper part of the slope, thereby exerting greater pressure on the bottom of the slope and increasing the possibility of slope sliding. When the slope surface is steeper, that is, the ratio B is larger, the stress state of the slope surface soil becomes more unfavorable, the shear stress increases, and it is easy to trigger landslides or collapses, and the safety assessment value P is lower.

[0106] Preferably, the safety assessment value is adjusted once according to the strain amount and crack information, including: setting a first additional adjustment coefficient L according to the crack information; when the crack information is no crack, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.4; when the crack information is crack opening <1mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.3; when the crack information is 1mm≤crack opening≤5mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.2; when the crack information is crack opening>5mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.1.

[0107] In this embodiment, the increase in crack opening usually reduces the stability of the slope. The presence of cracks will change the potential failure mode of the slope, which may lead to failure of the slope surface and the bottom of the slope. When vertical tension cracks appear inside the slope, these cracks can form a rear edge cutting surface, thereby affecting the stability of the entire slope. Therefore, the larger the crack opening, the more unstable the slope.

[0108] Preferably, the safety assessment value is adjusted once according to the strain amount and the crack information, and further includes: after determining the safety assessment value P of the rock slope as the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi according to the ratio B, i=1, 2, 3; presetting a first preset strain amount and a second preset strain amount, the first preset strain amount is less than the second preset strain amount; adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the relationship between the strain amount and the first preset strain amount and the second preset strain amount; if the strain amount is less than the first preset strain amount, selecting a first preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y1+L) to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi An adjustment is made, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y1+L); if the strain amount is greater than or equal to the first preset strain amount, and the strain amount is less than the second preset strain amount, the second preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y2+L) is selected to make an adjustment to the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y2+L); if the strain amount is greater than or equal to the second preset strain amount, the third preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y3+L) is selected to make an adjustment to the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y3+L), wherein Y1>Y2>Y3.

[0109] In this embodiment, the strain amount generally refers to the deformation measurement of the slope under the action of force. In slope safety analysis, the strain amount can represent the safety factor, which is a key indicator and is closely related to the critical sliding surface of the slope. The safety factor reflects the stability of the slope. The corresponding safety factor, i.e., the i-th preset strain adjustment factor, is selected according to the relationship between the strain amount and the first preset strain amount and the second preset strain amount.

[0110] Preferably, the safety assessment value is adjusted secondary according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, including: setting a second additional adjustment coefficient Q according to the potential sliding surface information; if the potential sliding surface information indicates that a potential sliding surface exists, setting the second additional adjustment coefficient Q=0; if the potential sliding surface information indicates that a potential sliding surface does not exist, setting the second additional adjustment coefficient Q=1.

[0111] In this embodiment, the potential sliding surface generally refers to the most dangerous sliding surface in the slope where a landslide may occur. The sliding surface is the interface formed between the landslide body and the immovable body (parent body) when sliding, and the landslide body slides downward along this surface. When a potential sliding surface exists, it indicates that there are unstable factors in the rock slope and the safety assessment value is reduced.

[0112] Preferably, the safety assessment value is adjusted twice according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, and further includes: selecting the i-th preset strain adjustment coefficient (Yi+L) according to the strain amount and crack information to adjust the safety assessment value once, and obtaining the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L), i=1, 2, 3; if the internal structure of the slope is the first internal structure, selecting the first preset structure adjustment coefficient (G1+Q) to adjust the safety assessment value twice, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G1+Q); if the internal structure of the slope is the second internal structure, selecting the second preset structure adjustment coefficient The coefficient (G2+Q) makes a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G2+Q); if the internal structure of the slope is the third internal structure, the third preset structure adjustment coefficient (G3+Q) is selected to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G3+Q); G1>G2>G3; wherein, the first internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is an integral, block-shaped, or sub-block-shaped structure; the second internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a block-shaped, inlaid, or fragmented structure; the third internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a loose, loose, or dispersed structure.

[0113] In this embodiment, the internal structure of the slope is tight as a whole, which is relatively safe, while the internal structure of the slope is loose and relatively dangerous, and the slope is unstable, which indicates that the tightness of the internal structure of the slope is positively correlated with the safety assessment value.

[0114] The present invention also discloses a safety monitoring system for rock slopes, which is used to apply the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for rock slopes, such as Figure 2 As shown, the system comprises:

[0115] A mobile laser radar detection device is arranged in the area to be monitored of the rock slope, comprising a mobile device, a connecting device and a laser radar detection device, wherein the mobile device is used to enable the mobile laser radar detection device to slide flexibly; the connecting device is used to connect the mobile device and the laser radar detection device; the laser radar detection device is used to obtain a three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope and to detect the internal structure of the rock slope and information on potential sliding surfaces;

[0116] A distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged in the area to be monitored of the rock slope, and is used to detect the strain and crack information of the rock slope;

[0117] An intelligent assessment device, the intelligent assessment device includes a base, a support rod, a safety assessment module and an assessment adjustment module, the base is set at the bottom of the intelligent assessment device, the support rod is used to connect the safety assessment module, the safety assessment module includes a height and width picking module and an assessment module, the height and width picking module is used to determine the slope height and slope width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map, and calculate the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, the assessment module determines the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio of the height and width picking module, the assessment adjustment module includes a primary adjustment module and a secondary adjustment module, the primary adjustment module is used to make a primary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the strain and crack information, and the secondary adjustment module is used to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0118] like Figure 2-6 As shown:

[0119] A safety monitoring system for rock slopes, used to apply the above-mentioned safety monitoring method for rock slopes, the system comprising: a mobile laser radar detection device 1 for obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map of the rock slope and for detecting the internal structure of the rock slope and potential sliding surface information, the mobile laser radar detection device 1 being arranged on the opposite side of the rock slope to be monitored;

[0120] A distributed optical fiber sensor 3 for detecting strain and crack information of the rock slope, wherein a plurality of distributed optical fiber sensors 3 are arranged in the area to be monitored of the rock slope;

[0121] And an intelligent assessment device 4 for assessing the stability of a rock slope, the intelligent assessment device 4 is electrically connected to a mobile laser radar detection device 1 and a plurality of distributed optical fiber sensors 3 through a sensing wire 2 and obtains information from the mobile laser radar detection device 1 and the plurality of distributed optical fiber sensors 3 to perform safety monitoring according to a safety monitoring method for a rock slope as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

[0122] In this embodiment, the mobile laser radar detection device 1 includes: a mobile device 11, a connecting device 12 and a laser radar detection device 13;

[0123] The moving device 11 includes a rolling wheel 112. Two rolling wheels 112 are connected by a shaft to form a sliding structure. A bearing 111 is sleeved in the middle of the shaft. A bearing seat 113 is provided on the bearing 111.

[0124] The connecting device 12 includes a connecting rod 122, one end of which is fixedly connected to the bearing seat 113 and a gasket 121 is provided at the connection between the connecting rod 122 and the bearing seat 113; the laser radar detection device 13 can slide axially along the rolling wheel 112, and the other end is connected to the laser radar detection device 13, and the laser radar detection device 13 can move within a certain range along the connecting rod 122.

[0125] In this embodiment, the adjusting nut 123 is also included.

[0126] The adjusting nut 123 includes a moving device adjusting nut, a connecting rod adjusting nut and a laser radar adjusting nut; the connecting rod 122 includes a center rod and an upper telescopic rod and a lower telescopic rod located inside the center rod, the other end of the lower telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the bearing seat 113, and the moving device adjusting nut is used to lock or loosen the connection between the lower telescopic rod and the center rod; a ring is provided on the outside of the laser radar detection device 13, and the upper telescopic rod is provided with a ring. The laser radar adjusting nut is provided on the upper and lower sides of the ring for adjusting the level and height of the laser radar detection device 13; the connecting rod adjusting nut is provided at the connection between the upper telescopic rod and the center rod for locking or loosening the connection between the upper telescopic rod and the center rod.

[0127] In this embodiment, the laser radar detection device 13 includes a laser detector 131 for detecting the surface of the rock slope, a radar detection ring 132 for detecting the inside of the rock slope, a radar signal receiving ring 138 and a central processing unit 137;

[0128] The radar detection ring 132 sends radar waves, the radar signal receiving ring 138 receives radar wave reflection signals, and the radar signal receiving ring 138 and the laser detector 131 are connected to the central processing unit 137 through the transmission element 133;

[0129] A transmission ring 134 is provided between the transmission elements 133 for connection or protection.

[0130] It also includes a solar panel 135, which supplies power to the laser radar detection device 13 through a transmission cable 136.

[0131] In this embodiment, the distributed optical fiber sensor 3 includes:

[0132] A light emitting diode 35, wherein a transparent protective cover 34 is provided outside the light emitting diode 35;

[0133] An induction ring 33 is arranged along the length direction of the light emitting diode 35 and perpendicular to the length direction. The induction ring 33 is located outside the protective cover 34.

[0134] A transmission optical fiber 32 is arranged outside the induction ring 33;

[0135] The light emitting diode 35, the induction ring 33 and the transmission optical fiber 32 are covered with an insulating shell 31;

[0136] The light emitting diode 35 , the induction ring 33 and both ends of the transmission optical fiber 32 are connected to an optical sensor 36 .

[0137] In this embodiment, there are at least two induction rings 33 and the number is an even number, and they are evenly distributed on both sides of the length direction of the light emitting diode 35 .

[0138] A specific distributed optical fiber sensor is arranged in the monitored area of ​​the rock slope. When the rock slope is deformed, the strain of the slope is sensed by the induction ring 33 and the deformation of the slope is sensed by the optical sensor 36. The induction ring 33 will deform with the strain of the slope, the light emitting diode 35 will emit light, and the optical sensor 36 will be connected to the transmission optical fiber 32. By measuring the basic loss or scattering along the length of the transmission optical fiber 32, the optical sensor 36 and the transmission optical fiber 32 will convert the optical signal received by the optical sensor 36 into an electrical signal.

[0139] More specifically: The principle of the distributed optical fiber sensing system is to use optical fiber as a sensing sensitive element and a transmission signal medium at the same time, and adopt advanced OTDRS technology, that is, to use a sensing fiber that is sensitive to a specific measured field to measure the basic loss or scattering along the length of the optical fiber. OTDRS (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) technology is usually used to obtain spatial variation information of the measured field from the output information, detect the strain variation at different positions along the optical fiber, and realize truly distributed measurement.

[0140] In this embodiment, the intelligent assessment device 4 includes a safety assessment module 43 and an assessment adjustment module 44;

[0141] The safety assessment module includes a height-width picking module 431 and an assessment module 432. The height-width picking module 431 is used to determine the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map obtained by the mobile laser radar detection device 1, and calculate the ratio of the height to the width. The assessment module 432 determines the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio of the height-width picking module;

[0142] The assessment and adjustment module 44 includes a primary adjustment module 441 and a secondary adjustment module 442. The primary adjustment module 441 is used to make a primary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the strain and crack information obtained by the distributed optical fiber sensor 3. The secondary adjustment module is used to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information obtained by the mobile lidar detection device 1, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope.

[0143] In this embodiment, it also includes a base 41 and a support rod 42;

[0144] The base 41 is disposed at the bottom of the intelligent assessment device 4 , and the support rod 42 is used to connect the safety assessment module 4 and the base 41 .

[0145] In this embodiment, by setting up a mobile laser radar detection device and a distributed optical fiber sensor for continuous data collection and analysis, the stability of the slope can be grasped in real time. At the same time, automated monitoring reduces manpower requirements and maintenance costs; combined with a variety of high-tech means, the accuracy of monitoring data is improved; and the safety assessment of the rock slope is adjusted according to a variety of factors to ensure the reliability of monitoring.

[0146] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0147] The system provided in the above embodiment is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the modules or steps in the embodiments of the present invention can be decomposed or combined. For example, the modules in the above embodiment can be combined into one module, or further divided into multiple sub-modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The names of the modules and steps involved in the embodiments of the present invention are only for distinguishing the modules or steps, and are not regarded as improper limitations of the present invention.

[0148] Those skilled in the art should be able to appreciate that the modules and method steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented with electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two, and the programs corresponding to the software modules and method steps can be placed in random access memory (RAM), internal memory, read-only memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the technical field. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of electronic hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to the function. Whether these functions are performed in electronic hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to exceed the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring method for rock slopes, characterized in that: The method comprises: obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map of a rock slope; determining the slope height and slope width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map; determining the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determining the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio; obtaining the strain and crack information of the rock slope, and adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the strain and crack information; obtaining the internal structure of the rock slope and the potential sliding surface information, and adjusting the safety assessment value twice according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, so as to realize the safety monitoring of the rock slope; Determine the ratio of the slope height to the slope width, and determine the safety assessment value of the rock slope according to the ratio, including: determine the ratio of the slope height to the slope width as B, ratio B=h / k; wherein h represents the slope height, and k represents the slope width; pre-set a first preset ratio and a second preset ratio, the first preset ratio being less than the second preset ratio; determine the safety assessment value P of the rock slope according to the relationship between the ratio B and the first preset ratio and the second preset ratio; if the ratio B is less than the first preset ratio, set the safety assessment value P of the rock slope to the first preset safety assessment value P1, that is, P=P1; if the ratio B is greater than or equal to the first preset ratio, and the ratio B is less than the second preset ratio, set the safety assessment value P of the rock slope to the second preset safety assessment value P2, that is, P=P2; if the ratio B is greater than or equal to the second preset ratio, set the safety assessment value P of the rock slope to the third preset safety assessment value P3, that is, P=P3; wherein P1>P2>P3; The safety assessment value is adjusted once according to the strain amount and the crack information, including: setting a first additional adjustment coefficient L according to the crack information; when the crack information is no crack, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.4; when the crack information is crack opening <1mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.3; when the crack information is 1mm≤crack opening≤5mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.2; when the crack information is crack opening>5mm, setting the first additional adjustment coefficient L=0.1; The safety assessment value is adjusted once according to the strain amount and the crack information, and further includes: after determining the safety assessment value P of the rock slope as the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi according to the ratio B, i=1, 2, 3; presetting a first preset strain amount and a second preset strain amount, the first preset strain amount is less than the second preset strain amount; adjusting the safety assessment value once according to the relationship between the strain amount and the first preset strain amount and the second preset strain amount; if the strain amount is less than the first preset strain amount, selecting a first preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y1+L) to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi once The adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y1+L); if the strain amount is greater than or equal to the first preset strain amount, and the strain amount is less than the second preset strain amount, the second preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y2+L) is selected to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi once, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y2+L); if the strain amount is greater than or equal to the second preset strain amount, the third preset strain adjustment coefficient (Y3+L) is selected to adjust the i-th preset safety assessment value Pi once, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Y3+L), wherein Y1>Y2>Y3; The safety assessment value is adjusted twice according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, including: setting a second additional adjustment coefficient Q according to the potential sliding surface information; if the potential sliding surface information indicates that a potential sliding surface exists, setting the second additional adjustment coefficient Q=0; if the potential sliding surface information indicates that a potential sliding surface does not exist, setting the second additional adjustment coefficient Q=1; The safety assessment value is adjusted twice according to the internal structure of the slope and the potential sliding surface information, and also includes: selecting the i-th preset strain adjustment coefficient (Yi+L) according to the strain amount and crack information to adjust the safety assessment value once, and obtaining the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L), i=1, 2, 3; if the internal structure of the slope is the first internal structure, the first preset structure adjustment coefficient (G1+Q) is selected to adjust the safety assessment value twice, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G1+Q); if the internal structure of the slope is the second internal structure, the second preset structure adjustment coefficient is selected (G2+Q) makes a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G2+Q); if the internal structure of the slope is the third internal structure, the third preset structure adjustment coefficient (G3+Q) is selected to make a secondary adjustment to the safety assessment value, and the adjusted safety assessment value P=Pi*(Yi+L)*(G3+Q); G1>G2>G3; wherein, the first internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is an integral, block-shaped, or sub-block-shaped structure; the second internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a block-shaped, inlaid, or fragmented structure; the third internal structure indicates that the internal structure of the slope is a loose, loose, or scattered structure.

2. The safety monitoring method for rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the height and width of the rock slope according to the three-dimensional topographic map includes: analyzing the three-dimensional topographic map to determine the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line of the rock slope; determining the top contour line collection of the rock slope according to the top boundary line, and setting the mode in the top contour line collection as the top contour line of the rock slope; determining the bottom contour line collection of the rock slope according to the bottom boundary line, and setting the mode in the bottom contour line collection as the bottom contour line of the rock slope; determining the height of the rock slope according to the difference between the top contour line and the bottom contour line; determining the slope width collection according to the top boundary line and the bottom boundary line, and determining the slope width of the rock slope according to the slope width collection.

3. The safety monitoring method for rock slope according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determine a collection of slope widths according to the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line, and determine the slope width of the rock slope according to the slope width collection, including: projecting the slope top boundary line and the slope bottom boundary line onto the same horizontal plane, and determining a pseudo symmetry axis according to the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line; based on the pseudo symmetry axis, determine the collection of slope widths according to the projected slope top boundary line and slope bottom boundary line; determine an average of the collection of slope widths, and set the average of the collection of slope widths as the slope width of the rock slope.

4. A safety monitoring system for rock slopes, used for applying the safety monitoring method for rock slopes as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The system comprises: a mobile laser radar detection device (1) for obtaining a three-dimensional topographic map of a rock slope and for detecting the internal structure of the rock slope and information on potential sliding surfaces, wherein the mobile laser radar detection device (1) is arranged on the opposite side of the rock slope to be monitored; a distributed optical fiber sensor (3) for detecting strain and crack information of the rock slope, wherein a plurality of the distributed optical fiber sensors (3) are arranged in the rock slope to be monitored area; and an intelligent evaluation device (4) for evaluating the stability of the rock slope, wherein the intelligent evaluation device (4) is electrically connected to the mobile laser radar detection device (1) and the plurality of the distributed optical fiber sensors (3) through a sensing wire (2) and obtains information from the mobile laser radar detection device (1) and the plurality of the distributed optical fiber sensors (3) to perform safety monitoring according to the safety monitoring method for rock slopes.

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