A safe pressure relief reactor

Abstract

The invention discloses a safety pressure relief reactor, which belongs to the technical field of chemical reaction vessels. The safety pressure relief reactor comprises a reactor body, a pressure relief pipe is arranged on the reactor body, one end of the pressure relief pipe is connected to a vertical pipe, an exhaust pipe and a discharge pipe are arranged on the vertical pipe, a movable cylinder is installed in the vertical pipe, the bottom of the movable cylinder is connected to an inner pipe, the bottom and the wall of the movable cylinder are respectively provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, a core column is installed in the inner pipe, an air flow channel is arranged in the core column, the air inlet and the air outlet of the air flow channel are respectively arranged on the bottom and the side of the core column, a first spring with a downward force on the movable cylinder is installed in the vertical pipe, and a second spring with a downward force on the core column is installed in the inner pipe. The safety pressure relief reactor can automatically exhaust to release pressure when the internal pressure is at a medium pressure level; when the pressure is at a higher pressure level, the pressure is reduced by timely discharging the overflowing materials to prevent the occurrence of emergency situations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of chemical reaction containers, in particular to a safe pressure relief reactor. Background Art

[0002] The reactor is a commonly used reaction vessel in the chemical industry. Because it can accurately control key parameters such as temperature and stirring speed in chemical reactions, and can complete process such as sulfidation, nitration, hydrocarbonization, polycondensation, etc., it has been widely used in petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical, food and other industries.

[0003] The existing reactor mainly includes a reactor body, a reactor cover, a jacket, an agitator and other structures. The reactor body and the reactor cover together constitute a closed reaction space, the jacket is used to heat or cool the materials, and the agitator is used to fully mix the materials. In order to prevent the danger caused by excessive pressure in the reactor during the reaction, some reactors are also equipped with exhaust valves or emergency discharge devices. However, the exhaust valve will often exhaust when the reactor body is in a high pressure state, and the emergency discharge device can only be opened in an emergency. This will not only miss the best time to release pressure, but also may cause danger to the operator due to sudden pressure release.

[0004] To this end, we have improved the reactor. The purpose is to enable the reactor to automatically discharge gas to reduce pressure when the reactor is at a medium pressure state; when the reactor is at a high pressure state, it can discharge overflowing materials in time to quickly release pressure. This can not only prevent the occurrence of emergencies, but also ensure the smooth progress of the production process, greatly improving the safety performance of the reactor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe pressure relief reactor to solve the above problems, so that when the reactor body is in a medium pressure state, it can automatically discharge gas to achieve pressure reduction; when the reactor body is in a high pressure state, it can promptly discharge overflowing materials to quickly relieve pressure.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention discloses a safety pressure relief reactor, which comprises a reactor body, on which a pressure relief pipe is arranged, and its structural characteristics are as follows: one end of the pressure relief pipe outside the reactor body is connected with a vertical pipe with a closed upper end, an exhaust pipe and a discharge pipe spaced apart from each other are arranged on the wall of the vertical pipe, a movable cylinder body which can move up and down and has an open upper end is installed at a position below the exhaust pipe in the vertical pipe, an inner tube is connected to the upper surface of the bottom of the movable cylinder body, a first through hole and a second through hole are respectively arranged on the bottom and the wall of the movable cylinder body, the first through hole is communicated with the inner tube, a core column which can move up and down is installed in the inner tube, an airflow channel is arranged in the core column, an air inlet and an air outlet of the airflow channel are respectively arranged on the bottom and the side of the core column, and a gas inlet and an air outlet which have a directional function on the movable cylinder body are installed in the vertical pipe. A first spring exerts a downward force, and a second spring with a downward force on the core column is installed in the inner tube; when the pressure in the kettle body is lower than the first set pressure, the movable cylinder is sealed at the discharge pipe, and the air outlet is located below the second through hole; when the pressure in the kettle body is higher than the first set pressure and lower than the second set pressure, the movable cylinder is sealed at the discharge pipe, and the pressure in the kettle body makes the core column move upward to overcome the force of the second spring so that the air outlet is connected to the second through hole; when the pressure in the kettle body is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body makes the core column move upward to overcome the force of the second spring so that the air outlet is located above the second through hole, and at the same time, the pressure in the kettle body makes the movable cylinder move upward to overcome the force of the first spring so that the discharge pipe is connected to the pressure relief pipe. The internal pressure of the kettle body is divided into three different levels: lower pressure, medium pressure and higher pressure with the first set pressure and the second set pressure as the dividing point; when the pressure inside the kettle body is at a lower level, the exhaust pipe and the discharge pipe are not connected with the inner cavity of the kettle body, and it is a safe state at this time and no pressure relief is required; when the pressure inside the kettle body is at a medium level, only the exhaust pipe is connected with the inner cavity of the kettle body, and the pressure can be reduced by automatic exhaust to avoid excessive pressure inside the kettle body; when the reaction is strong and the pressure inside the kettle body is at a higher level, the discharge pipe is connected with the inner cavity of the kettle body, and the overflowing material and entrained gas can be discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe, so as to achieve rapid pressure relief and avoid emergency situations.

[0007] Furthermore, a first end cap is installed at the upper end of the vertical pipe, and the upper end of the first spring abuts against the first end cap. The first end cap is used to limit the upper end of the first spring, and the installation of the first spring can be facilitated by providing the first end cap.

[0008] Furthermore, a second end cap is installed at the upper end of the inner tube, the upper end of the second spring rests on the second end cap, a guide hole is provided on the second end cap, a guide post is connected to the upper end of the core column, the guide post passes through the guide hole, the cross section of the guide hole is non-circular, and the cross section of the guide post matches the cross section of the guide hole. The second end cap is used to limit the upper end of the second spring, and the installation of the second spring can be facilitated by setting the second end cap; the cooperation between the non-circular guide hole and the guide post can prevent the core column from rotating during the up and down movement.

[0009] Furthermore, a volute is installed near the top of the kettle body, and a material inlet and a material outlet are respectively provided on the bottom and side of the volute, and a pressure relief pipe is located at one end of the kettle body and is connected to the material outlet of the volute, and a semi-open centrifugal impeller that can rotate around a vertical axis and can move up and down is installed in the volute, and the semi-open centrifugal impeller includes a wheel disk, and centrifugal blades are provided on the bottom of the wheel disk, and a stirring drive shaft driven by a power device is installed in the kettle body, and the stirring drive shaft passes through the top wall of the volute, the semi-open centrifugal impeller, and the material inlet from top to bottom in sequence, and is connected to an agitator, and a driving gear disc and a driven gear disc that are opposite to each other up and down are provided in the space between the top wall of the volute and the wheel disk, and the driving gear disc is fixedly connected to the stirring drive shaft, and the driven gear disc is fixedly connected to the wheel disk; when the pressure in the kettle body is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body causes the semi-open centrifugal impeller to move upward, the driven gear disc meshes with the driving gear disc, and the semi-open centrifugal impeller can rotate with the stirring drive shaft. When the pressure in the kettle is at a higher pressure level, the semi-open centrifugal impeller can rotate with the stirring drive shaft, thereby accelerating the speed of material discharge to the outside and achieving rapid pressure relief.

[0010] Furthermore, the material inlet of the volute is connected to a vertically arranged fixed sleeve through a bracket, an impeller connecting sleeve is provided in the middle of the semi-open centrifugal impeller, the fixed sleeve is located between the impeller connecting sleeve and the stirring drive shaft, two or more annular mounting grooves are arranged at intervals on the inner circumference of the impeller connecting sleeve, balls are installed in the annular mounting grooves, a first thrust bearing is mounted on the fixed sleeve, an annular retaining edge supporting the first thrust bearing is provided on the fixed sleeve, and the impeller connecting sleeve is located above the first thrust bearing. When the pressure in the kettle body is at a relatively low pressure or a medium pressure level, the semi-open centrifugal impeller falls to disengage the driven gear disc from the active gear disc, the annular retaining edge and the first thrust bearing are used to support the semi-open centrifugal impeller after it falls, and the balls and the first thrust bearing are used to reduce the resistance to the stirring drive shaft after the semi-open centrifugal impeller falls.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower surface of the top wall of the volute is provided with a plurality of concentric annular protrusions, the upper surface of the wheel disc is provided with a plurality of concentric annular protrusions, and the annular protrusions on the volute and the annular protrusions on the wheel disc are arranged alternately to form a labyrinth seal structure. The labyrinth seal structure can prevent the gas or material in the kettle from entering the back side of the semi-open centrifugal impeller, and can ensure that the semi-open centrifugal impeller has space for upward and downward movement.

[0012] Furthermore, the agitator has a central axis, the lower end of the central axis is rotatably connected to the kettle body, the upper end of the central axis is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve, the lower end of the stirring drive shaft is inserted into the connecting sleeve and is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve, the portion of the stirring drive shaft located in the connecting sleeve is provided with a sliding sleeve that can move up and down but cannot rotate relative to the stirring drive shaft, the connecting sleeve is provided with a third through hole and a fourth through hole spaced apart from each other, the pressure in the kettle body acts on the upper and lower sides of the sliding sleeve through the third through hole and the fourth through hole respectively, the pressure on the upper side of the sliding sleeve is smaller than the pressure on the lower side thereof, a third spring having a downward force on the sliding sleeve is installed in the connecting sleeve, and an inner spline and an outer spline are respectively provided on the connecting sleeve and the sliding sleeve; when the pressure in the kettle body is lower than the second set pressure, the inner spline is meshed with the outer spline; when the pressure in the kettle body is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body causes the sliding sleeve to overcome the force of the third spring and move upward, and the inner spline is disengaged from the outer spline. It can be seen that when the kettle is at a high pressure level, the sliding sleeve will be pushed upward due to the pressure area difference, causing it to move upward to disengage the inner spline from the outer spline, thereby disconnecting the power connection between the central shaft and the stirring drive shaft. In this way, the agitator will no longer rotate with the stirring drive shaft, thereby stopping the stirring of the material and slowing down the reaction speed of the material.

[0013] Furthermore, a bearing is installed at the upper edge and the lower edge of the connecting sleeve, and the inner ring of the bearing is in contact with the stirring drive shaft. The bearing is used to realize the rotation connection between the connecting sleeve and the stirring drive shaft, and when the central shaft is disconnected from the stirring drive shaft, the resistance of the agitator to the stirring drive shaft can be reduced.

[0014] Furthermore, an annular groove is provided on the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve, a thrust ring is connected to the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve, the thrust ring is located in the annular groove, an annular sealing groove is provided on the outer edge of the thrust ring, the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve, a sealing ring is installed in the annular sealing groove, and the annular sealing groove provided on the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve is located above the thrust ring. With such a structural design, only the lower side of the thrust ring can be subjected to pressure, so the upper side pressure area of ​​the sliding sleeve is smaller than the lower side pressure area, and the sliding sleeve can move upward under pressure.

[0015] Furthermore, the connecting sleeve comprises a sleeve body and an inner cylinder fixedly installed in the sleeve body and located at the upper part of the sleeve body, an inner ring edge is provided at the lower part of the sleeve body, and the annular groove is a cavity between the inner cylinder body and the inner ring edge. After adopting the above structure, the sleeve body and the inner cylinder can be disassembled, which is convenient for the installation of the sliding sleeve.

[0016] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the safety pressure relief reactor can automatically vent to release pressure when the internal pressure of the reactor is at a medium pressure level; when the pressure is at a higher pressure level, the pressure can be reduced by discharging overflowing materials in time to prevent emergencies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part A in FIG.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of part B in FIG.

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of section C in .

[0021] In the figure: 1, kettle body, 2, pressure relief pipe, 3, vertical pipe, 4, exhaust pipe, 5, discharge pipe, 6, movable cylinder, 7, inner tube, 8, first through hole, 9, second through hole, 10, core column, 11, air flow channel, 12, air inlet, 13, air outlet, 14, first spring, 15, second spring, 16, first end cover, 17, second end cover, 18, guide hole, 19, guide column, 20, volute, 21, material inlet, 22, material outlet, 23, semi-open centrifugal impeller, 24, wheel disc, 25, centrifugal blade, 26, stirring drive shaft, 27, stirrer, 29, driven gear Disk, 31, fixed sleeve, 32, impeller connecting sleeve, 33, annular mounting groove, 35, first thrust bearing, 36, annular retaining edge, 37, annular protrusion, 38, center axis, 39, connecting sleeve, 40, sliding sleeve, 41, third through hole, 42, fourth through hole, 43, third spring, 44, internal spline, 45, external spline, 46, bearing, 47, annular groove, 48, thrust ring, 49, annular sealing groove, 50, sealing ring, 51, sleeve body, 52, inner cylinder, 53, inner ring edge, 54, third end cover, 55, fourth end cover, 56, second thrust bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present invention is aimed at improving the deficiencies of existing reactors in terms of safe pressure relief, and provides a safe pressure relief reactor. Figure 1 A preferred embodiment of a safety pressure relief reactor is shown in the figure. In order to clearly illustrate the specific structure of the embodiment, Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Respectively Figure 1 Three of the locations are enlarged for display.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 In one embodiment of the present invention, a safety pressure relief reactor comprises a reactor body 1, on which a pressure relief pipe 2 is provided, and one end of the pressure relief pipe 2 located outside the reactor body 1 is connected to a standpipe 3, the upper end of the standpipe 3 is closed, and an exhaust pipe 4 and a discharge pipe 5 are provided on the wall of the standpipe 3 with upper and lower intervals, and a movable cylinder body 6 which can move up and down and has an upper end opening is installed in the part below the exhaust pipe 4 in the standpipe 3, and an inner tube 7 is connected to the upper surface of the bottom of the movable cylinder body 6, and a first through hole 8 and a second through hole 9 are respectively provided on the bottom and the wall of the movable cylinder body 6, and the first through hole 8 is connected to the inner tube 7, and a core column 10 which can move up and down is installed in the inner tube 7, and an air flow channel 11 is provided in the core column 10, and an air inlet 12 and an air outlet 13 of the air flow channel 11 are respectively arranged on the bottom and the side of the core column 10, and a first spring 1 which has a downward force on the movable cylinder body 6 is installed in the standpipe 3. 4. A second spring 15 having a downward force on the core column 10 is installed in the inner tube 7; when the pressure in the kettle body 1 is lower than the first set pressure, the movable cylinder 6 is blocked at the discharge pipe 5, and the air outlet 13 is located below the second through hole 9; when the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the first set pressure and lower than the second set pressure, the movable cylinder 6 is blocked at the discharge pipe 5, and the pressure in the kettle body 1 makes the core column 10 move upward to overcome the force of the second spring 15 so that the air outlet 13 is connected with the second through hole 9; when the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body 1 makes the core column 10 move upward to overcome the force of the second spring 15 so that the air outlet 13 is located above the second through hole 9, and at the same time, the pressure in the kettle body 1 makes the movable cylinder 6 move upward to overcome the force of the first spring 14 so that the discharge pipe 5 is connected with the pressure relief pipe 2.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 In order to facilitate the installation of the first spring 14, a first end cover 16 is installed on the upper end of the vertical pipe 3, and the upper end of the first spring 14 rests on the first end cover 16. In order to facilitate the installation of the second spring 15, a second end cover 17 is installed on the upper end of the inner tube 7, and the upper end of the second spring 15 rests on the second end cover 17. In order to prevent the core column 10 from rotating at will, a guide hole 18 is provided on the second end cover 17, and a guide column 19 is connected to the upper end of the core column 10. The guide column 19 passes through the guide hole 18. The cross-section of the guide hole 18 is a non-circular shape such as a polygon or an ellipse, and the cross-sectional shape of the guide column 19 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the guide hole 18.

[0025] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3, further improvements are made in this embodiment: a volute 20 is installed near the top of the kettle body 1, and a material inlet 21 and a material outlet 22 are respectively provided on the bottom and side of the volute 20, and one end of the pressure relief pipe 2 located in the kettle body 1 is connected to the material outlet 22 of the volute 20, and a semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 that can rotate around a vertical axis and can move up and down is installed in the volute 20, and the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 includes a wheel disc 24, and a centrifugal blade 25 is provided on the bottom surface of the wheel disc 24, and a stirring drive shaft 26 driven by a reduction motor or other power device is installed in the kettle body 1, and the stirring drive shaft 26 is connected from top to bottom. The top wall of the volute 20, the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23, and the material inlet 21 are sequentially passed through, and then the agitator 27 is connected. The space between the top wall of the volute 20 and the wheel disc 24 is provided with a driving gear disc 28 and a driven gear disc 29 which are opposite to each other up and down. The driving gear disc 28 is fixedly connected to the stirring drive shaft 26, and the driven gear disc 29 is fixedly connected to the wheel disc 24. When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body 1 causes the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 to overcome the gravity and move upward, the driven gear disc 29 is meshed with the driving gear disc 28, and the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 can rotate with the stirring drive shaft 26.

[0026] Reference Figure 3 In order to install the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23, a vertically arranged fixed sleeve 31 is connected to the material inlet 21 of the volute 20 through a bracket 30. An impeller connecting sleeve 32 is provided in the middle of the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23. The fixed sleeve 31 is located between the impeller connecting sleeve 32 and the stirring drive shaft 26. More than two annular mounting grooves 33 are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the impeller connecting sleeve 32 at intervals. Balls 34 are installed in the annular mounting grooves 33. A first thrust bearing 35 is sleeved on the fixed sleeve 31. An annular retaining edge 36 supporting the first thrust bearing 35 is provided on the fixed sleeve 31. The impeller connecting sleeve 32 is located above the first thrust bearing 35.

[0027] Reference Figure 3 In order to prevent gas or material from entering the back side of the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23, a plurality of concentric annular protrusions 37 are provided on the lower surface of the top wall of the volute 20, and a plurality of concentric annular protrusions 37 are also provided on the upper surface of the wheel disc 24. The annular protrusions 37 on the volute 20 and the annular protrusions 37 on the wheel disc 24 are staggered to form a labyrinth sealing structure.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4, further improvements are made in this embodiment: the agitator 27 has a central axis 38, the lower end of the central axis 38 is rotatably connected to the kettle body 1, the upper end of the central axis 38 is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve 39, the lower end of the stirring drive shaft 26 is inserted into the connecting sleeve 39 and is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve 39, the part of the stirring drive shaft 26 located in the connecting sleeve 39 is sleeved with a sliding sleeve 40 that can move up and down and cannot rotate relative to the stirring drive shaft 26, the connecting sleeve 39 is provided with a third through hole 41 and a fourth through hole 42 spaced apart from each other, and the pressure in the kettle body 1 acts on the upper and lower ends of the sliding sleeve 40 through the third through hole 41 and the fourth through hole 42 respectively. On the side and lower side of the kettle body 1, the upper pressure area of ​​the sliding sleeve 40 is smaller than the lower pressure area thereof, a third spring 43 having a downward force on the sliding sleeve 40 is installed in the connecting sleeve 39, and the upper end of the third spring 43 rests on the second thrust bearing 56 installed in the connecting sleeve 39, and an inner spline 44 and an outer spline 45 are respectively provided on the connecting sleeve 39 and the sliding sleeve 40; when the pressure in the kettle body 1 is lower than the second set pressure, the inner spline 44 engages with the outer spline 45; when the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body 1 causes the sliding sleeve 40 to overcome the force of the third spring 43 and move upward, and the inner spline 44 disengages from the outer spline 45.

[0029] Reference Figure 4 In order to enable the connecting sleeve 39 and the stirring drive shaft 26 to rotate smoothly relative to each other, a bearing 46 is installed at the upper edge and the lower edge of the connecting sleeve 39, and the inner ring of the bearing 46 is in contact with the stirring drive shaft 26.

[0030] Reference Figure 4 In order to make the upper pressure area of ​​the sliding sleeve 40 smaller than the lower pressure area, an annular groove 47 is provided on the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve 39, and a thrust ring 48 is connected to the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve 40. The thrust ring 48 is located in the annular groove 47. An annular sealing groove 49 is provided on the outer edge of the thrust ring 48 and the inner and outer circumferences of the sliding sleeve 40. A sealing ring 50 is installed in the annular sealing groove 49. The annular sealing groove 49 provided on the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve 40 is located above the thrust ring 48.

[0031] Reference Figure 4 In order to facilitate the installation of the sliding sleeve 40, the connecting sleeve 39 includes a sleeve body 51 and an inner cylinder 52 fixedly installed in the sleeve body 51 and located at the upper part of the sleeve body 51. An inner ring edge 53 is provided at the lower part of the sleeve body 51, and the annular groove 47 is a cavity between the inner cylinder 52 and the inner ring edge 53.

[0032] Reference Figure 4In order to fix the bearing 46 in the connecting sleeve 39, a third end cover 54 is installed at the lower end of the connecting sleeve 39, and the third end cover 54 is fixedly connected to the central shaft 38. A fourth end cover 55 is installed at the upper end of the connecting sleeve 39. In order to ensure the relative sealing between the inner cylinder 52 and the sleeve body 51, an annular sealing groove 49 is provided on the outer wall of the inner cylinder 52, and a sealing ring 50 is installed in the annular sealing groove 49.

[0033] The structure of the above safety pressure relief reactor works as follows:

[0034] When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is lower than the first set pressure, it means that the pressure in the kettle body 1 is at a relatively low level and there is no need to release the pressure. At this time, the pressure in the kettle body 1 is not enough to overcome the force of the second spring 15 on the stem 10, and the gas outlet 13 on the stem 10 is located below the second through hole 9; of course, the pressure in the kettle body 1 is even less than the force of the first spring 14 on the movable cylinder 6, and the movable cylinder 6 is blocked at the discharge pipe 5; the exhaust pipe 4 and the discharge pipe 5 are not connected to the inner cavity of the kettle body 1, and the safety pressure relief reactor is in a pressure-maintaining state.

[0035] When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the first set pressure and lower than the second set pressure, it means that the kettle body 1 is at a medium pressure level and the gas needs to be discharged to prevent the pressure from continuing to rise. At this time, the pressure in the kettle body 1 is still not enough to overcome the force of the first spring 14 on the movable cylinder 6, and the movable cylinder 6 is still blocked at the discharge pipe 5. However, the pressure in the kettle body 1 can make the core column 10 move upward to overcome the force of the second spring 15, so that the gas outlet 13 is connected to the second through hole 9; although the discharge pipe 5 is still not connected to the inner cavity of the kettle body 1, the exhaust pipe 4 can be connected to the inner cavity of the kettle body 1 through the air flow channel 11, and the gas in the kettle body 1 can be discharged outward through the exhaust pipe 4 to avoid the pressure in the kettle body 1 from rising. The exhaust pipe 4 can be connected to the exhaust gas treatment device to treat the discharged gas to prevent environmental pollution.

[0036] When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, it means that the kettle body 1 is at a higher pressure level and the material in the kettle reacts more strongly. At this time, the pressure in the kettle body 1 causes the core column 10 to overcome the force of the second spring 15 and move upward so that the air outlet 13 is located above the second through hole 9, and the exhaust pipe 4 is no longer connected to the inner cavity of the kettle body 1. The pressure in the kettle body 1 causes the movable cylinder 6 to overcome the force of the first spring 14 and move upward so that the discharge pipe 5 is connected to the pressure relief pipe 2. The gas in the kettle body together with the overflowing material can be discharged outward through the discharge pipe 5. The discharge pipe 5 can be connected to the material processing device to facilitate the harmless treatment of the overflowed material or temporarily store it for reuse.

[0037] When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body 1 can also make the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 move upward, the driven gear plate 29 is meshed with the driving gear plate 28, and the semi-open centrifugal impeller 23 can rotate with the stirring drive shaft 26, thereby accelerating the speed of material discharge to the outside, so that the pressure in the kettle body 1 returns to a medium or low level as soon as possible, avoiding the occurrence of emergency situations.

[0038] When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body 1 can also make the sliding sleeve 40 overcome the force of the third spring 43 and move upward, the inner spline 44 and the outer spline 45 are disengaged, the central shaft 38 and the stirring drive shaft 26 are disconnected from the power connection, and the stirrer 27 no longer rotates with the stirring drive shaft 26, thereby avoiding the excessive reaction speed of the material due to stirring. When the pressure in the kettle body 1 is lower than the second set pressure, the sliding sleeve 40 falls due to the action of the third spring 43 and gravity, and the inner spline 44 and the outer spline 45 are re-engaged; the central shaft 38 and the stirring drive shaft 26 are again connected to the power, and the normal stirring state of the material is restored.

[0039] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety pressure relief reactor, comprising a reactor body (1), on which a pressure relief pipe (2) is provided, characterized in that: The end of the pressure relief pipe (2) located outside the kettle body (1) is connected to a standpipe (3), the upper end of the standpipe (3) is closed, an exhaust pipe (4) and a discharge pipe (5) are provided on the wall of the standpipe (3) at intervals from top to bottom, a movable cylinder (6) which can move up and down and has an open upper end is installed in the portion below the exhaust pipe (4) in the standpipe (3), an inner tube (7) is connected to the upper surface of the bottom of the movable cylinder (6), and first through holes (8) are provided on the bottom and the wall of the movable cylinder (6) respectively. ), a second through hole (9), the first through hole (8) is connected to the inner tube (7), a core column (10) capable of moving up and down is installed in the inner tube (7), an air flow channel (11) is provided in the core column (10), an air inlet (12) and an air outlet (13) of the air flow channel (11) are respectively arranged on the bottom surface and the side surface of the core column (10), a first spring (14) having a downward force on the movable cylinder (6) is installed in the vertical tube (3), and a spring (14) for exerting a downward force on the core column (10) is installed in the inner tube (7). ) a second spring (15) having a downward force; when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is lower than the first set pressure, the movable cylinder (6) is blocked at the discharge pipe (5), and the gas outlet (13) is located below the second through hole (9); when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is higher than the first set pressure and lower than the second set pressure, the movable cylinder (6) is blocked at the discharge pipe (5), and the pressure in the kettle body (1) causes the core column (10) to move upwards to overcome the force of the second spring (15), so that the gas outlet (13) is connected to the second through hole (9); when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body (1) causes the core column (10) to move upwards to overcome the force of the second spring (15), so that the gas outlet (13) is located above the second through hole (9), and at the same time, the pressure in the kettle body (1) causes the movable cylinder (6) to move upwards to overcome the force of the first spring (14), so that the discharge pipe (5) is connected to the pressure relief pipe (2); A volute (20) is installed near the top of the kettle body (1), and a material inlet (21) and a material outlet (22) are provided on the bottom and side of the volute (20), respectively. One end of the pressure relief pipe (2) located in the kettle body (1) is connected to the material outlet (22) of the volute (20). A semi-open centrifugal impeller (23) capable of rotating about a vertical axis and being movable up and down is installed in the volute (20), and the semi-open centrifugal impeller (23) comprises a wheel disc (24), and centrifugal blades (25) are provided on the bottom of the wheel disc (24). A stirring drive shaft (26) driven by a power device is installed in the kettle body (1), and the stirring drive shaft (26) passes through the volute (21) in sequence from top to bottom. The top wall of the volute (20), the semi-open centrifugal impeller (23), and the material inlet (21) are connected to an agitator (27); a driving gear disc (28) and a driven gear disc (29) are provided in the space between the top wall of the volute (20) and the wheel disc (24) and are opposite to each other in the upper and lower directions; the driving gear disc (28) is fixedly connected to the agitation drive shaft (26), and the driven gear disc (29) is fixedly connected to the wheel disc (24); when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body (1) causes the semi-open centrifugal impeller (23) to move upward, the driven gear disc (29) is meshed with the driving gear disc (28), and the semi-open centrifugal impeller (23) can rotate with the agitation drive shaft (26).

2. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first end cover (16) is installed at the upper end of the vertical pipe (3), and the upper end of the first spring (14) rests on the first end cover (16).

3. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second end cover (17) is mounted on the upper end of the inner tube (7), the upper end of the second spring (15) abuts against the second end cover (17), a guide hole (18) is provided on the second end cover (17), the upper end of the core column (10) is connected to a guide column (19), the guide column (19) passes through the guide hole (18), the cross section of the guide hole (18) is non-circular, and the cross section of the guide column (19) matches the cross section of the guide hole (18).

4. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vertically arranged fixed sleeve (31) is connected to the material inlet (21) of the volute (20) through a bracket (30); an impeller connecting sleeve (32) is provided in the middle of the semi-open centrifugal impeller (23); the fixed sleeve (31) is sleeved between the impeller connecting sleeve (32) and the stirring drive shaft (26); two or more annular mounting grooves (33) are arranged at intervals on the inner circumference of the impeller connecting sleeve (32); balls (34) are installed in the annular mounting grooves (33); a first thrust bearing (35) is sleeved on the fixed sleeve (31); an annular retaining edge (36) for supporting the first thrust bearing (35) is provided on the fixed sleeve (31); and the impeller connecting sleeve (32) is located above the first thrust bearing (35).

5. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the top wall of the volute (20) is provided with a plurality of concentric annular protrusions (37), and the upper surface of the wheel disc (24) is provided with a plurality of concentric annular protrusions (37). The annular protrusions (37) on the volute (20) and the annular protrusions (37) on the wheel disc (24) are arranged alternately to form a labyrinth seal structure.

6. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agitator (27) comprises a central shaft (38), the lower end of which is rotatably connected to the kettle body (1), the upper end of which is fixedly connected to a connecting sleeve (39), the lower end of the agitator drive shaft (26) being inserted into the connecting sleeve (39) and rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve (39), the portion of the agitator drive shaft (26) located inside the connecting sleeve (39) being sleeved with a sliding sleeve (40) which is movable up and down but cannot rotate relative to the agitator drive shaft (26), the connecting sleeve (39) being provided with a third through hole (41) and a fourth through hole (42) spaced apart from each other in upper and lower directions, the pressure in the kettle body (1) being adjusted by the third through hole (41) and the fourth through hole (42) respectively. The sliding sleeve (40) is used for the upper and lower sides of the sliding sleeve (40); the pressure area on the upper side of the sliding sleeve (40) is smaller than the pressure area on the lower side thereof; a third spring (43) having a downward force on the sliding sleeve (40) is installed in the connecting sleeve (39); an inner spline (44) and an outer spline (45) are respectively provided on the connecting sleeve (39) and the sliding sleeve (40); when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is lower than a second set pressure, the inner spline (44) meshes with the outer spline (45); when the pressure in the kettle body (1) is higher than the second set pressure, the pressure in the kettle body (1) causes the sliding sleeve (40) to overcome the force of the third spring (43) and move upward, and the inner spline (44) is disengaged from the outer spline (45).

7. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A bearing (46) is respectively installed at the upper edge and the lower edge of the connecting sleeve (39), and the inner ring of the bearing (46) is in contact with the stirring drive shaft (26).

8. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: An annular groove (47) is provided on the inner circumference of the connecting sleeve (39), a thrust ring (48) is connected to the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve (40), the thrust ring (48) is located in the annular groove (47), an annular sealing groove (49) is provided on the outer edge of the thrust ring (48), the inner circumference and the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve (40), a sealing ring (50) is installed in the annular sealing groove (49), and the annular sealing groove (49) provided on the outer circumference of the sliding sleeve (40) is located above the thrust ring (48).

9. The safety pressure relief reactor according to claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting sleeve (39) comprises a sleeve body (51) and an inner cylinder (52) fixedly mounted in the sleeve body (51) and located at the upper part of the sleeve body (51); an inner ring edge (53) is provided at the lower part of the sleeve body (51); and the annular groove (47) is a cavity between the inner cylinder (52) and the inner ring edge (53).

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