A high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology, specifically to a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure. It includes a nonlinear interaction section, after which multiple segmented units are coaxially connected. Each segmented unit includes an output mode transition or output mode converter and a collector uniformity section. An electron beam channel and a microwave transmission channel are formed within the nonlinear interaction section and the segmented units. The ends of the electron beam channel and microwave transmission channel have an output window. The nonlinear interaction section, the multiple segmented units, and the output window cause microwaves to undergo a series of reflections, resulting in phase superposition and cancellation. This invention, while maintaining the output window parameters, significantly reduces the number of secondary and reflected electrons impacting the output window, thereby effectively improving the power capacity of the structure. This structure has the advantages of convenient fabrication and simple process implementation. This invention can be used in all high-power gyrotrons with axial output modes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vacuum electronics technology, and more specifically to a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure. Background Technology

[0002] Gyrotrons are characterized by high power, high frequency, high gain, high efficiency, and wide bandwidth. The output window is one of the key components of a gyrotron. On the one hand, the output window isolates the external atmosphere to ensure a high vacuum inside the device. On the other hand, it allows amplified microwaves and millimeter waves to pass through without reflection. Therefore, the quality of the output window directly affects the performance of the device.

[0003] Traditional rotary tube collectors are like Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a nonlinear interaction section 1, an output mode transition or output mode converter 2, and a collector uniform section 3 connected coaxially in sequence (12). The collector uniform section 3 is relatively long, and the output window 8 is located at the end of the collector uniform section 3. The electron beam channel 9 is the channel formed by connecting the nonlinear interaction section 1, the output mode transition or output mode converter 2, and the collector uniform section 3. An electron gun 10 is set at the end away from the output window 8 to emit a high-energy electron beam. Figure 3 for Figure 2 The particle simulation image of the internal structure shows that secondary electrons and reflected electrons generated by the collision of the high-energy electron beam with the metal collector will move along the direction of the output window inside the collector and collide with the output window 8. Excessive charge accumulates on the output window 8. In addition, the collision of these electrons with the window will also produce an electron multiplication effect, which will greatly increase the "arson" discharge current of the window, thus causing the output window 8 to thermally explode and fail.

[0004] Therefore, how to reduce the risks caused by these electron impacts on the output window and improve microwave power capacity is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to propose a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure to solve the problems existing in the traditional gyrotron collector structure.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure, including a nonlinear interaction section. Multiple segmented units are coaxially connected to the rear of the nonlinear interaction section. Each segmented unit includes an output mode transition or output mode converter and a collector uniform section. An electron beam channel and a microwave transmission channel are formed inside the nonlinear interaction section and the segmented units. The electron beam channel and the microwave transmission channel have an output window at their ends. The nonlinear interaction section, the multiple segmented units, and the output window cause the microwave to undergo a series of reflections, resulting in phase superposition and cancellation.

[0007] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the nonlinear interaction section and the collection uniform section are both hollow cylindrical shapes, and the output mode transition or output mode converter is a hollow frustum shape with a gradually changing radius, and its generatrix adopts one of linear, sinusoidal or Chebyshev type gradual change.

[0008] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the segmented units are arranged in sequence as a first segmented unit, a second segmented unit, and a third segmented unit in the direction away from the end of the nonlinear interaction segment.

[0009] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the first segmentation unit includes a first output mode transition or output mode converter and a first collector uniform segment connected together; the second segmentation unit includes a second output mode transition or output mode converter and a second collector uniform segment connected together; the third segmentation unit includes a third output mode transition or output mode converter and a third collector uniform segment connected together, and the radius R2 of the first collector uniform segment is greater than the radius R4 of the third collector uniform segment, greater than the radius R3 of the second collector uniform segment, and greater than the radius R1 of the nonlinear interaction segment.

[0010] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the length of the nonlinear interaction section is L1, the length of the first output mode transition or output mode converter is L2, the length of the first collector uniform section is L3, the length of the second output mode transition or output mode converter is L4, the length of the second collector uniform section is L5, the length of the third output mode transition or output mode converter is L6, and the length of the third collector uniform section is L7.

[0011] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the radius of the first output mode transition or output mode converter gradually changes from R1 to R2, the radius of the second output mode transition or output mode converter gradually changes from R2 to R3, and the radius of the third output mode transition or output mode converter gradually changes from R3 to R4.

[0012] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the output window has a cylindrical structure and is made of sapphire.

[0013] According to the technical solution of the present invention, the output window is connected to the inner sleeve of the electron injection channel and the microwave transmission channel.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention employs a coaxial connection structure of multiple output mode transitions or output mode converters and multiple uniform collector sections. This structure can significantly reduce the number of electrons impacting the output window. Without affecting high-power microwave transmission, the output mode transitions or output mode converters can effectively block and absorb most of the secondary and reflected electrons generated from the surface of the uniform collector sections, greatly reducing the risk of these electrons impacting the output window. This collector structure also has the advantage of higher microwave power capacity.

[0016] The collector structure used in this invention optimizes the geometry of the output mode transition or output mode converter in the collector when transmitting microwaves at high power. This is because when a high-energy electron beam bombards the inner surface of the collector, secondary electrons and reflected electrons are generated on the inner surface. The designed collector structure can effectively block and absorb most of the secondary electrons and reflected electrons, greatly reducing the risk of these electrons hitting the output window. This collector structure has the advantage of transmitting higher microwave power capacity.

[0017] This invention, while keeping the output window parameters unchanged, employs a novel collector structure that significantly reduces the number of secondary and reflected electrons impacting the output window, thereby effectively improving the power capacity of the structure. This structure also offers advantages in terms of ease of fabrication and simple process implementation.

[0018] This invention can be used in all high-power gyrotrons with axial output mode. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a traditional gyrotube collector electrode structure.

[0022] Figure 3 Simulation diagram of polar particle collection using a conventional gyrotron;

[0023] Figure 4 The particle simulation structure is an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a microwave transmission field distribution diagram of the high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure of the present invention.

[0025] Among them, 1 is the nonlinear interaction section; 2 is the output mode transition or output mode converter; 21 is the first output mode transition or output mode converter; 3 is the collector uniform section; 31 is the first collector uniform section; 4 is the second output mode transition or output mode converter; 5 is the second collector uniform section; 6 is the third output mode transition or output mode converter; 7 is the third collector uniform section; 8 is the output window; 9 is the electron beam channel and microwave transmission channel; 91 is the electron beam channel and microwave transmission channel; 10 is the electron gun; 11 is the high frequency band; 12 is the axis. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] High-power capacity gyrotron collectors are simple in structure and easy to manufacture, and can be widely used in various electronic axial output gyrotron pulse plug devices, including gyrotron traveling wave tubes, gyrotron backward wave tubes, gyrotron oscillators, gyrotron klystrons, and gyrotron traveling wave klystrons.

[0028] Because traditional rotary tube collection is extremely like Figure 2 As shown, the structure includes a nonlinear interaction section 1, an output mode transition or output mode converter 2, and a collector uniform section 3 connected coaxially in sequence (12). The collector uniform section 3 is relatively long, and the output window 8 is located at the end of the collector uniform section 3. The rear part of the electron beam channel 9 is basically straight. An electron gun 10 is set at the end away from the output window 8 to emit a high-energy electron beam. See [reference needed] Figure 3 In the particle simulation image, the secondary electrons and reflected electrons generated by the collision of the high-energy electron beam with the metal collector electrode will move along the direction of the output window 8 inside the collector electrode and collide with the output window 8. Excessive charge will accumulate on the output window 8, and the collision of these electrons with the window will also produce an electron multiplication effect, increasing the "arson" discharge current of the window, thereby causing the output window 8 to thermally crack and fail.

[0029] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure, including a nonlinear interaction section 1, after which multiple coaxially arranged segmented units 12 are connected. Each segmented unit includes an output mode transition or output mode converter and a collector uniform section. An electron beam channel and a microwave transmission channel 91 are formed inside the nonlinear interaction section 1 and the segmented units. The electron beam channel and the microwave transmission channel 91 have an output window 8 at their ends. The nonlinear interaction section 1, the multiple segmented units, and the output window 8 cause the microwaves to undergo a series of reflections, resulting in phase superposition and cancellation.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0031] Advantageously, based on the above embodiments, see Appendix Figure 1 The nonlinear interaction section and the collection uniform section are both hollow metal cylindrical shapes. The output mode transition or output mode converter is a hollow metal frustum-shaped structure with a gradually changing radius, and its busbar adopts one of the following types: linear, sinusoidal, or Chebyshev type.

[0032] For gradients with long distances, linear or sinusoidal gradients can be used, while for gradients with short distances, the Chebyshev gradient method can be used.

[0033] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the segmented units are sequentially a first segmented unit, a second segmented unit, and a third segmented unit in the direction away from the end of the nonlinear interaction segment 1.

[0034] Specifically, the first segmentation unit includes a first output mode transition or output mode converter 21 and a first collector uniform segment 31 connected together; the second segmentation unit includes a second output mode transition or output mode converter 4 and a second collector uniform segment 5 connected together; the third segmentation unit includes a third output mode transition or output mode converter 6 and a third collector uniform segment 7 connected together.

[0035] The radius R2 of the first uniform collecting segment 31 is greater than the radius R4 of the third uniform collecting segment 7, which is greater than the radius R3 of the second uniform collecting segment 5, which is greater than the radius R1 of the nonlinear interaction segment 1. That is, R2>R4>R3>R1.

[0036] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the nonlinear interaction segment 1 is L1, the length of the first output mode transition or output mode converter 21 is L2, the length of the first collector uniform segment 31 is L3, the length of the second output mode transition or output mode converter 4 is L4, the length of the second collector uniform segment 5 is L5, the length of the third output mode transition or output mode converter 6 is L6, and the length of the third collector uniform segment 7 is L7.

[0038] See appendix Figure 1 The radius of the first output mode transition or output mode converter 21 gradually changes from R1 to R2, the radius of the second output mode transition or output mode converter 4 gradually changes from R2 to R3, and the radius of the third output mode transition or output mode converter 6 gradually changes from R3 to R4.

[0039] In the above embodiment, the output window 8 is a cylindrical structure with a radius of R4 and a thickness of H, and is made of sapphire. The thickness H, radius R4, and material characterize the bandwidth of the output window.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the output window 8 is connected to the inner sleeve of the electron injection channel and the microwave transmission channel 91.

[0041] See appendix Figure 4 and 5 The nonlinear interaction section, the output mode transition or output mode converter, the length of the collecting pole uniform section and the window thickness, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7 and H enable the microwaves after a series of reflections to achieve phase superposition and cancellation.

[0042] Figure 5 The figure shows the microwave transmission field distribution of the high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure of the present invention. It can be seen that when transmitting high-power microwaves normally, the transmitted microwave mode is not distorted, the mode purity is high, and it has high power capacity characteristics. The figure depicts the transient field distribution of the electromagnetic field transmission.

[0043] contrast Figure 3 and Figure 4 In addition to reducing insertion loss and propagating electromagnetic waves, the shape design of the output mode transition or output mode converter of the present invention also has the function of blocking secondary electrons and reflected electrons generated by the collision of high-energy electron beams with the uniform section of the collecting electrode. Figure 3 and Figure 4 11 is a high-frequency band.

[0044] In the above embodiments, the number of output mode transitioners or output mode converters and collection polar uniformity sections can be multiple, depending on engineering needs.

[0045] When the gyrotron of this invention is operating, the high-power collector structure can effectively block and absorb secondary electrons and reflected electrons generated by the collision of high-energy electron beams with the collector surface, reducing the risk of these electrons impacting the output window. Compared to traditional collector structures, this structure has a higher power capacity.

[0046] It is worth noting that the high power of this invention generally ranges from tens of kilowatts to several megawatts. In high-power capacity gyrotron collector structures, the concept of "high power" is relative, and the specific value will vary depending on different application scenarios and devices. For example, the definition of high power may differ in different fields such as communications, radar, and scientific research.

[0047] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0048] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure, characterized in that, It includes a nonlinear interaction section (1), and a number of segmented units are connected in sequence on the coaxial axis (12) behind the nonlinear interaction section (1). Each segmented unit includes an output mode transition or output mode converter and a collector uniform section. An electron beam channel and a microwave transmission channel (91) are formed inside the nonlinear interaction section (1) and the segmented units. The electron beam channel and the microwave transmission channel (91) have an output window (8) at the end. The nonlinear interaction section (1), the number of segmented units and the output window (8) cause the microwave to undergo a series of reflection phase superposition and cancellation. The nonlinear interaction section and the uniform collection section are both hollow cylindrical shapes, and the output mode transition or output mode converter is a hollow frustum with a gradually changing radius. Its generatrix adopts one of the following: linear, sinusoidal, or Chebyshev type gradual change. The segmented units, facing away from the end of the nonlinear interaction segment (1), are sequentially the first segmented unit, the second segmented unit, and the third segmented unit; The first segment unit includes a first output mode transition or output mode converter (21) and a first collector uniform segment (31) connected together; the second segment unit includes a second output mode transition or output mode converter (4) and a second collector uniform segment (5) connected together; the third segment unit includes a third output mode transition or output mode converter (6) and a third collector uniform segment (7) connected together, and the radius of the first collector uniform segment (31) is R2, the radius of the third collector uniform segment (7) is R4, the radius of the second collector uniform segment (5) is R3, the radius of the nonlinear interaction segment (1) is R1, and R2>R4>R3>R1.

2. The high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the first output mode transition or output mode converter (21) gradually changes from R1 to R2, the radius of the second output mode transition or output mode converter (4) gradually changes from R2 to R3, and the radius of the third output mode transition or output mode converter (6) gradually changes from R3 to R4.

3. A high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, The output window (8) is a cylindrical structure made of sapphire.

4. The high-power capacity gyrotron collector structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The output window (8) is connected to the inner sleeve of the electron injection channel and the microwave transmission channel (91).

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