A high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment and method

Abstract

A highly efficient and energy-saving ingot extraction protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment and method, belonging to the technical field of electroslag remelting, the equipment includes a power supply system, a furnace head car system, an ingot extraction system, a protective cover system and an automatic slag feeding system; the power supply system is electrically connected between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head car system; the protective cover system is arranged between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head car system; the automatic slag feeding system and the ingot extraction system are arranged in parallel. The present invention proposes a fully enclosed protective atmosphere electroslag remelting technology, which avoids electrode oxidation and oxidation and burning of easily oxidizable elements, and can obtain high-cleanliness steel ingots; the ingot extraction method of solid metal consumable electrodes combined with crystallizer lifting is used to produce electroslag castings, which can further improve production efficiency and yield while ensuring that the solidification quality of steel is not reduced. The length of the produced steel ingot can be up to 6180mm, and since the weight of the slag used to produce short steel ingots is basically the same as that used in traditional electroslag remelting, the cost of the electroslag remelting process can be greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electroslag remelting, and in particular relates to a highly efficient and energy-saving ingot-drawing type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment and method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional electroslag remelting furnaces are all smelted under the atmosphere. Although they have the characteristics of low equipment manufacturing cost and convenient operation, a series of problems such as element burnout, hydrogen increase, and oxygen increase are prone to occur in electroslag steel. Studies have shown that the oxygen content in the remelted alloy depends on the concentration of the main deoxidizing element and the activity of the oxide of the deoxidizing element in the slag. In addition, the oxygen partial pressure on the slag pool will also have a certain impact to a certain extent. In addition to the direct reaction of oxygen with the cations of iron, manganese and other heavy metal elements, the intervention of oxygen is more caused by the thermal oxidation of the electrodes above the slag, and the active elements in the metal will also react with the relevant components of the slag system, thereby causing changes in the element content in the steel.

[0003] In order to reduce the effect of electrode oxidation on the element content in steel, in the past few decades, the method of adding deoxidizers (Al, CaSi, FeSi, Mg, etc.) to the slag pool has been commonly used to continuously deoxidize the slag. However, the addition of deoxidizers will lead to changes in the slag composition, making the content of easily oxidizable elements in the remelted ingot inconsistent with that of the consumable electrode.

[0004] Traditional electroslag remelting furnaces generally use fixed crystallizers to produce short and thick ingots. From remelting electrodes to finished products that can be directly fed into rolling mills or used for production, the entire production process requires many steps and a large amount of energy, which will directly affect the quality and production efficiency of the steel ingots, further restricting the improvement of economic benefits.

[0005] At present, from electroslag remelting to finished products, it generally needs to go through several steps such as electroslag remelting, billet opening or initial rolling. There are still the following problems in the whole process:

[0006] ①. From ingot to finished product, reheating, initial rolling or forging are required, so there is a problem of complicated process. ②. From ingot to finished product, the whole process requires a lot of heat energy, electricity, mechanical equipment and manpower, so there is a problem of high energy consumption. ③. During the forging and blanking process, some characteristics of the remelted product often become invalid due to structural deformation. ④. Due to the complicated process, it will not only increase the production cycle and supply cycle of the product, but also lead to higher product costs. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment and method, and proposes a fully enclosed protective atmosphere electroslag remelting technology, which can avoid the oxidation of electrodes and the oxidation and burning of easily oxidized elements such as Ti, Zr, Al, Si in the material, which is beneficial to the preparation of narrow-component high-temperature alloy materials containing Al and Ti, and can obtain high-cleanliness steel ingots; the electroslag casting billet is produced by the ingot-drawing method of solid metal consumable electrodes in combination with the lifting of the crystallizer. Under the premise of ensuring that the solidification quality of the steel is not reduced, the production efficiency can be increased by 20% to 30%, the length of the produced steel ingot can be up to 6180 mm, the yield rate can reach about 97%, and the yield rate is increased by about 8% compared with ordinary short steel ingots. Since the weight of the slag used to produce short steel ingots is basically the same as that used in traditional electroslag remelting, the cost of the electroslag remelting process can be greatly reduced.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electric slag remelting equipment, including a power supply system, a furnace head trolley system, an ingot extraction system, a protective cover system and an automatic slag feeding system; the ingot extraction system is arranged in a pit, and a door panel is horizontally arranged on the top of the pit; the furnace head trolley system is arranged above the pit; the power supply system is electrically connected between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head trolley system; the protective cover system is arranged between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head trolley system; the automatic slag feeding system and the ingot extraction system are arranged in parallel.

[0009] The furnace head car system includes a furnace head car body, a weighing and centering platform, an electrode lifting and driving mechanism, a conductive material rod and a consumable electrode; a pit top track is provided above the pit, and the furnace head car body is arranged on the pit top track; the weighing and centering platform is arranged on the furnace head car body; the electrode lifting and driving mechanism is arranged above the weighing and centering platform; the conductive material rod is vertically installed on the electrode lifting and driving mechanism; the consumable electrode is vertically arranged on the conductive material rod.

[0010] The ingot extraction system includes an ingot extraction drive mechanism, an ingot extraction column, an ingot extraction cross arm, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank and a trolley; a pit bottom track is provided at the bottom of the pit, the trolley is arranged on the pit bottom track, and the pit bottom track and the pit top track are vertically distributed; the bottom water tank is arranged on the trolley; the crystallizer is located above the bottom water tank; the ingot extraction column is vertically fixed in the pit; the ingot extraction drive mechanism and the ingot extraction column are arranged in parallel; one end of the ingot extraction cross arm is transmission connected to the ingot extraction drive mechanism, the middle part of the ingot extraction cross arm is guide and slidingly connected to the ingot extraction column, and the other end of the ingot extraction cross arm is fixedly connected to the crystallizer.

[0011] The protective hood system includes an upper smoke hood, a lower smoke hood and an intermediate smoke hood; the upper smoke hood is arranged below the furnace car body; the lower smoke hood is arranged above the crystallizer; the intermediate smoke hood is connected between the upper smoke hood and the lower smoke hood, and a closed chamber is formed by the upper smoke hood, the intermediate smoke hood and the lower smoke hood; the upper smoke hood has the freedom of lifting and moving relative to the furnace car body; the intermediate smoke hood adopts a multi-section telescopic structure; the cover body of the lower smoke hood is respectively provided with protective atmosphere injection holes, slag adding holes and detection holes.

[0012] The power supply system includes a unidirectional transformer, an upper short-circuit network of the transformer, a lower short-circuit network of the transformer, a top short-circuit network and a bottom short-circuit network; the unidirectional transformer is arranged at the top of the pit, and the unidirectional transformer is arranged in parallel with the body of the furnace head car; the top short-circuit network is arranged on the body of the furnace head car; the bottom short-circuit network is arranged in the pit; the head end of the winding of the unidirectional transformer is connected to the conductive material rod through the upper short-circuit network of the transformer and the top short-circuit network in turn, and the tail end of the winding of the unidirectional transformer is connected to the bottom water tank through the lower short-circuit network of the transformer and the bottom short-circuit network in turn.

[0013] The automatic slag adding system comprises a slag feeder, a vibrating feeder and a slag adding pipe; the slag outlet of the slag feeder is connected to the feeding port of the vibrating feeder, the feeding port of the vibrating feeder is connected to the slag feeding port of the slag adding pipe, the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe is connected to the main body of the slag adding pipe through a pneumatic joint, the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe has a swinging freedom, the pipe opening of the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe is the slag outlet, and the swinging trajectory of the slag outlet of the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe passes through the slag adding hole on the lower smoke hood body.

[0014] A high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting method, which adopts the high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment, comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: After the consumable electrode is installed on the conductive rod, the upper smoke hood is lowered to the lower limit position, and then the first section of the middle smoke hood is lifted upward, so that the middle smoke hood changes from a retracted state to an extended state, until the first section of the middle smoke hood is fixedly connected to the upper smoke hood;

[0016] Step 2: Start the slag feeder and the vibrating feeder. The slag first flows from the slag feeder into the vibrating feeder, and then the vibrating feeder discharges the slag into the slag feeding pipe. The slag flows into the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood through the slag outlet of the tail end of the slag feeding pipe, and finally falls into the crystallizer below. When the slag feeding is completed, the tail end of the slag feeding pipe is deflected to the side, so that the tail end of the slag feeding pipe is moved away from the top of the lower smoke hood, and the obstruction of the tail end of the slag feeding pipe to the lower smoke hood is released, and then the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood is closed.

[0017] Step 3: Connect the protective atmosphere injection hole on the hood body of the lower fume hood to the protective atmosphere gas source, then turn on the protective atmosphere gas source to inject the protective atmosphere into the closed chamber;

[0018] Step 4: Start the electrode lifting drive mechanism, lower the conductive rod, and drive the consumable electrode to descend synchronously until the lower end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool in the crystallizer;

[0019] Step 5: first set the current lower limit, current upper limit, liquid level height, allowable liquid level fluctuation range and ingot length, then turn on the power supply, and the current loop formed is: one-way transformer → transformer upper short net → top short net → conductive rod → consumable electrode → slag pool → bottom water tank → bottom short net → transformer lower short net → one-way transformer; during the power-on process, the slag pool releases Joule heat, gradually melting the consumable electrode end, and the molten metal gathers into droplets that pass through the slag pool and fall into the crystallizer to form a molten pool, which is rapidly solidified under water cooling to form an ingot;

[0020] Step 6: Start the ingot extraction drive mechanism to drive the ingot extraction horizontal arm to rise along the ingot extraction column, thereby driving the crystallizer to rise. When the crystallizer rises, the ingot grows upward synchronously until the upward growth height of the ingot reaches the set value of the ingot length;

[0021] Step 7: Disconnect the power supply, and then disconnect the connection between the short net on the transformer and the top short net, and disconnect the connection between the bottom short net and the bottom water tank; then raise the crystallizer and move it above the ingot to remove the obstruction of the crystallizer to the ingot; then move the trolley along the pit bottom track to the other end of the pit, carry the bottom water tank and the ingot on the trolley to the other end of the pit synchronously, and then open the door panel on the top of the pit to lift the ingot out of the pit.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0023] The high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment and method of the present invention proposes a fully enclosed protective atmosphere electroslag remelting technology, which can avoid oxidation of electrodes and oxidation and burning of easily oxidizable elements such as Ti, Zr, Al, Si in the material, is beneficial to the preparation of narrow-component high-temperature alloy materials containing Al and Ti, and can obtain high-cleanliness steel ingots; the electroslag casting billet is produced by the ingot-drawing method of solid metal consumable electrodes in combination with crystallizer lifting. Under the premise of ensuring that the solidification quality of the steel is not reduced, the production efficiency can be increased by 20% to 30%, the length of the produced steel ingot can be up to 6180 mm, the yield rate can reach about 97%, and the yield rate is increased by about 8% compared with ordinary short steel ingots. Since the weight of the slag used to produce short steel ingots is basically the same as that used in traditional electroslag remelting, the cost of the electroslag remelting process can be greatly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment of the present invention (viewing angle 1);

[0025] Figure 2It is a structural schematic diagram of a high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment of the present invention (viewing angle 2);

[0026] In the figure, 1 is a pit, 2 is a furnace head car body, 3 is a weighing and centering platform, 4 is an electrode lifting and lowering driving mechanism, 5 is a conductive rod, 6 is a consumable electrode, 7 is an ingot extraction driving mechanism, 8 is an ingot extraction column, 9 is an ingot extraction cross arm, 10 is a crystallizer, 11 is a bottom water tank, 12 is a trolley, 13 is an upper smoke hood, 14 is a lower smoke hood, 15 is an intermediate smoke hood, 16 is a one-way transformer, 17 is a transformer upper short net, 18 is a transformer lower short net, 19 is a top short net, 20 is a bottom short net, 21 is a slag feeder, 22 is a vibrating feeder, 23 is a slag feeding pipe, and 24 is an ingot. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, a high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment includes a power supply system, a furnace head trolley system, an ingot extraction system, a protective cover system and an automatic slag feeding system; the ingot extraction system is arranged in a pit 1, and a door panel is horizontally arranged on the top of the pit 1; the furnace head trolley system is arranged above the pit 1; the power supply system is electrically connected between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head trolley system; the protective cover system is arranged between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head trolley system; the automatic slag feeding system and the ingot extraction system are arranged in parallel.

[0029] The furnace head car system includes a furnace head car body 2, a weighing and centering platform 3, an electrode lifting and driving mechanism 4, a conductive material rod 5 and a consumable electrode 6; a pit top track is provided above the pit 1, and the furnace head car body 2 is arranged on the pit top track; the weighing and centering platform 3 is arranged on the furnace head car body 2; the electrode lifting and driving mechanism 4 is arranged above the weighing and centering platform 3; the conductive material rod 5 is vertically installed on the electrode lifting and driving mechanism 4; the consumable electrode 6 is vertically arranged on the conductive material rod 5.

[0030] Specifically, the furnace head car body 2 adopts a dual-motor drive structure, and the furnace head car body 2 can move along the pit top track; the top table plate of the weighing and centering platform 3 is embedded with multiple weighing load sensors with electric shielding function, and is equipped with a sensor protection module to improve the measurement accuracy of the weighing load sensor; the middle centering component of the weighing and centering platform 3 is used to adjust the X-direction or Y-direction position of the top table plate in the horizontal plane, thereby realizing the centering adjustment of the electrode lifting drive mechanism 4, the conductive material rod 5 and the consumable electrode 6, and the middle centering component of the weighing and centering platform 3 adopts a structural form of a guide rail slider with an electric push rod; the conductive material rod 5 fixes the consumable electrode 6 through a special clamp to achieve clamping or loosening of the consumable electrode 6, the conductive material rod 5 adopts a double-layer structure and is equipped with a cooling water channel, the cooling water channel adopts a welding structure, abandons the traditional active sealing form, and avoids water leakage of the consumable electrode 6 when clamped or loosened.

[0031] The ingot extraction system includes an ingot extraction drive mechanism 7, an ingot extraction column 8, an ingot extraction cross arm 9, a crystallizer 10, a bottom water tank 11 and a trolley 12; a pit bottom track is provided at the bottom of the pit 1, and the trolley 12 is arranged on the pit bottom track, and the pit bottom track and the pit top track are vertically distributed; the bottom water tank 11 is arranged on the trolley 12; the crystallizer 10 is located above the bottom water tank 11; the ingot extraction column 8 is vertically fixed in the pit 1; the ingot extraction drive mechanism 7 and the ingot extraction column 8 are arranged in parallel; one end of the ingot extraction cross arm 9 is transmission connected to the ingot extraction drive mechanism 7, the middle part of the ingot extraction cross arm 9 is guide and slidably connected to the ingot extraction column 8, and the other end of the ingot extraction cross arm 9 is fixedly connected to the crystallizer 10.

[0032] Specifically, the ingot extraction drive mechanism 7 includes a servo motor, a reducer, a rolling screw and a nut slide. An adapter is installed on the upper part of the ingot extraction column 8. The servo motor and the reducer are fixedly installed on the adapter. The motor shaft of the servo motor is connected to the power input shaft of the reducer, and the power output shaft of the reducer is connected to the rolling screw to drive the rolling screw to rotate. The nut slide is mounted on the rolling screw. The rotational motion of the rolling screw will be converted into the lifting linear motion of the nut slide along the rolling screw, thereby driving the ingot extraction cross arm 9 to perform synchronous lifting motion. The synchronous lifting motion of the ingot extraction cross arm 9 can only be performed along the ingot extraction column 8 to ensure the lifting motion accuracy and reliability of the ingot extraction cross arm 9. Finally, the ingot extraction cross arm 9 drives the crystallizer 10 to perform lifting motion. When the cross-sectional size of the consumable electrode 6 is large and the cross-sectional size of the steel ingot 24 is small, a crystallizer with a T-shaped cross-sectional shape can be selected; when the cross-sectional size of the consumable electrode 6 is smaller than the cross-sectional size of the steel ingot 24, a cylindrical crystallizer can be selected.

[0033] The protective hood system includes an upper smoke hood 13, a lower smoke hood 14 and an intermediate smoke hood 15; the upper smoke hood 13 is arranged below the furnace car body 2; the lower smoke hood 14 is arranged above the crystallizer 10; the intermediate smoke hood 15 is connected between the upper smoke hood 13 and the lower smoke hood 14, and a closed chamber is formed by the upper smoke hood 13, the intermediate smoke hood 15 and the lower smoke hood 14; the upper smoke hood 13 has the freedom of lifting and moving relative to the furnace car body 2; the intermediate smoke hood 15 adopts a multi-section telescopic structure; the cover body of the lower smoke hood 14 is respectively provided with protective atmosphere injection holes, slag adding holes and detection holes.

[0034] Specifically, the lifting action of the upper smoke hood 13 is driven by a cylinder, and the upper smoke hood 13 is guided by a guide rail during the lifting process. When the upper smoke hood 13 is disconnected from the lower smoke hood 14, the lifting of the upper smoke hood 13 makes room for electrode installation.

[0035] The power supply system includes a unidirectional transformer 16, an upper transformer short-circuit network 17, a lower transformer short-circuit network 18, a top short-circuit network 19 and a bottom short-circuit network 20; the unidirectional transformer 16 is arranged at the top of the pit 1, and the unidirectional transformer 16 is arranged in parallel with the furnace head car body 2; the top short-circuit network 19 is arranged on the furnace head car body 2; the bottom short-circuit network 20 is arranged in the pit 1; the winding head end of the unidirectional transformer 16 is connected to the conductive material rod 5 through the upper transformer short-circuit network 17 and the top short-circuit network 19 in turn, and the winding tail end of the unidirectional transformer 16 is connected to the bottom water tank 11 through the lower transformer short-circuit network 18 and the bottom short-circuit network 20 in turn.

[0036] Specifically, the transformer upper short net 17 and the transformer lower short net 18 are both fixed installation structures, the top short net 19 is configured with a guide structure and has the freedom of lifting and lowering adjustment, the connection and disconnection between the top short net 19 and the transformer upper short net 17 is driven by a cylinder, and the connection and disconnection contact surface between the top short net 19 and the transformer upper short net 17 is a spherical structure; a carbon brush-type conductive structure is adopted between the transformer upper short net 17 and the conductive material rod 5, which can further reduce power consumption; a conductive copper tube is connected to the bottom water tank 11, and a conductive clamp is arranged on the bottom short net 20, the conductive clamp is used in conjunction with the conductive copper tube on the bottom water tank 11, and the connection and disconnection of the conductive copper tube and the bottom short net 20 are controlled by opening and closing the conductive clamp.

[0037] The automatic slag adding system includes a slag feeder 21, a vibrating feeder 22 and a slag adding pipe 23; the slag outlet of the slag feeder 21 is connected to the feeding port of the vibrating feeder 22, the feeding port of the vibrating feeder 22 is connected to the slag feeding port of the slag adding pipe 23, the tail end tube body of the slag adding pipe 23 is connected to the main body of the slag adding pipe 23 through a pneumatic joint, the tail end tube body of the slag adding pipe 23 has a swinging degree of freedom, the tube opening of the tail end tube body of the slag adding pipe 23 is the slag outlet, and the swinging trajectory of the slag outlet of the tail end tube body of the slag adding pipe 23 passes through the slag adding hole on the cover body of the lower smoke hood 14.

[0038] A high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting method, which adopts the high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment, comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: After the consumable electrode 6 is installed on the conductive rod 5, the upper smoke hood 13 is lowered to the lower limit position, and then the smoke hood first section of the middle smoke hood 15 is lifted upward, so that the middle smoke hood 15 changes from a retracted state to an extended state, until the smoke hood first section of the middle smoke hood 15 is fixedly connected to the upper smoke hood 13;

[0040] Step 2: Start the slag feeder 21 and the vibrating feeder 22. The slag first flows from the slag feeder 21 into the vibrating feeder 22. The vibrating feeder 22 discharges the slag into the slag feeding pipe 23. The slag flows into the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood 14 through the slag outlet at the tail end of the slag feeding pipe 23 and finally falls into the crystallizer 10 below. When the slag feeding is completed, the tail end of the slag feeding pipe 23 is deflected to the side, so that the tail end of the slag feeding pipe 23 is moved away from the top of the lower smoke hood 14, and the obstruction of the tail end of the slag feeding pipe 23 to the lower smoke hood 14 is released. Then, the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood 14 is closed.

[0041] Step 3: Connect the protective atmosphere injection hole on the hood body of the lower fume hood 14 to the protective atmosphere gas source, then turn on the protective atmosphere gas source to inject the protective atmosphere into the closed chamber;

[0042] Step 4: Start the electrode lifting drive mechanism 4, lower the conductive rod 5, and drive the consumable electrode 6 to descend synchronously until the lower end of the consumable electrode 6 is inserted into the slag pool in the crystallizer 10;

[0043] Step 5: first set the current lower limit I1, the current upper limit I2, the liquid level height H, the allowable liquid level fluctuation range H0 and the length of the steel ingot 24, and then turn on the power supply, and the current loop formed is: one-way transformer 16→transformer upper short net 17→top short net 19→conductive material rod 5→consumable electrode 6→slag pool→bottom water tank 11→bottom short net 20→transformer lower short net 18→one-way transformer 16; during the power-on process, the slag pool releases Joule heat, gradually melts the consumable electrode end, and the molten metal gathers into droplets that pass through the slag pool and fall into the crystallizer 10 to form a molten pool, and the molten pool is rapidly solidified under the action of water cooling to form a steel ingot 24;

[0044] Specifically, during the smelting process, the height of the molten pool liquid level can be determined in real time according to parameters such as the melting speed of the consumable electrode 6, the amount of slag, and the shrinkage coefficient of the steel ingot 24, to ensure that the safe distance between the molten pool liquid level and the upper end surface of the crystallizer 10 is within the set range of 200mm to 500mm; the accident alarm quantity of the unidirectional transformer 16, the outlet water temperature of the crystallizer 10, the outlet water pressure of the crystallizer 10, the outlet water flow rate of the crystallizer 10, the melting speed of the consumable electrode 6, the molten pool liquid level, the rising speed of the crystallizer 10 and the current can be detected; according to the melting speed of the consumable electrode 6, it is determined whether the current needs to be increased or decreased; through the detection process, it is required that the difference △H between the measured value and the set value of the molten pool liquid level is within the allowable liquid level fluctuation range H0. If it exceeds the tolerance, the rising speed of the crystallizer 10 needs to be PID controlled. Adjust until the test result meets the requirements; through the test process, the current measured value I is required to be between the set current lower limit I1 and the current upper limit I2. If it does not meet the requirements, it is necessary to adjust the depth of the consumable electrode 6 inserted into the slag pool until the test result meets the requirements; through the test process, if the accident alarm volume of the one-way transformer 16, the outlet water temperature of the crystallizer 10, the outlet water pressure of the crystallizer 10 and the outlet water flow of the crystallizer 10 are abnormal, an audible and visual alarm will be issued, and it will be prompted whether to stop smelting. When the technicians judge that the abnormal situation poses a safety risk, after choosing to stop smelting, the power supply will be cut off immediately, and the smelting process will be terminated;

[0045] Step 6: Start the ingot extraction drive mechanism 7, drive the ingot extraction cross arm 9 to rise along the ingot extraction column 8, and then drive the crystallizer 10 to rise. When the crystallizer 10 rises, the steel ingot 24 grows upward synchronously until the upward growth height of the steel ingot 24 reaches the set value of the length of the steel ingot 24;

[0046] Step 7: Disconnect the power supply, and then disconnect the short net 17 on the transformer and the top short net 19, as well as the bottom short net 20 and the bottom water tank 11; then raise the crystallizer 10, move the crystallizer 10 to the top of the steel ingot 24, and remove the obstruction of the crystallizer 10 to the steel ingot 24; then move the trolley 12, move the trolley 12 along the pit bottom track to the other end of the pit 1, carry the bottom water tank 11 and the steel ingot 24 to the other end of the pit 1 synchronously with the trolley 12, and then open the door panel on the top of the pit 1 to lift the steel ingot 24 out of the pit 1.

[0047] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent implementations or changes that do not deviate from the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment, characterized by: It includes a power supply system, a furnace head car system, an ingot extraction system, a protective cover system and an automatic slag adding system; the ingot extraction system is arranged in a pit, and a door panel is horizontally arranged on the top of the pit; the furnace head car system is arranged above the pit; the power supply system is electrically connected between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head car system; the protective cover system is arranged between the ingot extraction system and the furnace head car system; the automatic slag adding system and the ingot extraction system are arranged in parallel; the furnace head car system includes a furnace head car body, a weighing and centering platform, an electrode lifting and driving mechanism, a conductive material rod and a consumable electrode; a pit top track is provided above the pit, and the furnace head car body is arranged on the pit top track; the weighing and centering platform is arranged on the furnace head car body; the electrode lifting and driving mechanism is arranged above the weighing and centering platform; the conductive material rod is vertically installed on the electrode lifting and driving mechanism; the consumable electrode is vertically arranged on the conductive material rod; the ingot extraction system includes an ingot extraction driving mechanism, an ingot extraction column, an ingot extraction cross arm, a crystallizer, a bottom water tank and The trolley is provided with a pit bottom track at the bottom of the pit, and the trolley is arranged on the pit bottom track, and the pit bottom track is vertically distributed with the pit top track; the bottom water tank is arranged on the trolley; the crystallizer is located above the bottom water tank; the ingot extraction column is vertically fixed in the pit; the ingot extraction driving mechanism and the ingot extraction column are arranged in parallel; one end of the ingot extraction cross arm is transmission connected with the ingot extraction driving mechanism, the middle part of the ingot extraction cross arm is guide and slidingly connected with the ingot extraction column, and the other end of the ingot extraction cross arm is fixedly connected with the crystallizer; the protective cover system comprises an upper smoke cover, a lower smoke cover and an intermediate smoke cover; the upper smoke cover is arranged below the furnace head car body; the lower smoke cover is arranged above the crystallizer; the intermediate smoke cover is connected between the upper smoke cover and the lower smoke cover, and a closed chamber is formed by the upper smoke cover, the intermediate smoke cover and the lower smoke cover; the upper smoke cover has the freedom of lifting and moving relative to the furnace head car body; the intermediate smoke cover adopts a multi-section telescopic structure; protective atmosphere injection holes, slag adding holes and detection holes are respectively arranged on the cover body of the lower smoke cover.

2. The high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot-drawing protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment according to claim 1 is characterized by: The power supply system includes a unidirectional transformer, an upper short-circuit network of the transformer, a lower short-circuit network of the transformer, a top short-circuit network and a bottom short-circuit network; the unidirectional transformer is arranged at the top of the pit, and the unidirectional transformer is arranged in parallel with the body of the furnace head car; the top short-circuit network is arranged on the body of the furnace head car; the bottom short-circuit network is arranged in the pit; the head end of the winding of the unidirectional transformer is connected to the conductive material rod through the upper short-circuit network of the transformer and the top short-circuit network in turn, and the tail end of the winding of the unidirectional transformer is connected to the bottom water tank through the lower short-circuit network of the transformer and the bottom short-circuit network in turn.

3. The high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The automatic slag adding system comprises a slag feeder, a vibrating feeder and a slag adding pipe; the slag outlet of the slag feeder is connected to the feeding port of the vibrating feeder, the feeding port of the vibrating feeder is connected to the slag feeding port of the slag adding pipe, the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe is connected to the main body of the slag adding pipe through a pneumatic joint, the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe has a swinging freedom, the pipe opening of the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe is the slag outlet, and the swinging trajectory of the slag outlet of the tail end pipe body of the slag adding pipe passes through the slag adding hole on the lower smoke hood body.

4. A high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting method, using the high-efficiency and energy-saving ingot extraction type protective atmosphere electroslag remelting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: After the consumable electrode is installed on the conductive rod, the upper smoke hood is lowered to the lower limit position, and then the first section of the middle smoke hood is lifted upward, so that the middle smoke hood changes from a retracted state to an extended state, until the first section of the middle smoke hood is fixedly connected to the upper smoke hood; Step 2: Start the slag feeder and the vibrating feeder. The slag first flows from the slag feeder into the vibrating feeder, and then the vibrating feeder discharges the slag into the slag feeding pipe. The slag flows into the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood through the slag outlet of the tail end of the slag feeding pipe, and finally falls into the crystallizer below. When the slag feeding is completed, the tail end of the slag feeding pipe is deflected to the side, so that the tail end of the slag feeding pipe is moved away from the top of the lower smoke hood, and the obstruction of the tail end of the slag feeding pipe to the lower smoke hood is released, and then the slag feeding hole on the lower smoke hood is closed. Step 3: Connect the protective atmosphere injection hole on the hood body of the lower fume hood to the protective atmosphere gas source, then turn on the protective atmosphere gas source to inject the protective atmosphere into the closed chamber; Step 4: Start the electrode lifting drive mechanism, lower the conductive rod, and drive the consumable electrode to descend synchronously until the lower end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag pool in the crystallizer; Step 5: first set the current lower limit, current upper limit, liquid level height, allowable liquid level fluctuation range and ingot length, then turn on the power supply, and the current loop formed is: one-way transformer → transformer upper short net → top short net → conductive rod → consumable electrode → slag pool → bottom water tank → bottom short net → transformer lower short net → one-way transformer; during the power-on process, the slag pool releases Joule heat, gradually melting the consumable electrode end, and the molten metal gathers into droplets that pass through the slag pool and fall into the crystallizer to form a molten pool, which is rapidly solidified under water cooling to form an ingot; Step 6: Start the ingot extraction drive mechanism to drive the ingot extraction horizontal arm to rise along the ingot extraction column, thereby driving the crystallizer to rise. When the crystallizer rises, the ingot grows upward synchronously until the upward growth height of the ingot reaches the set value of the ingot length; Step 7: Disconnect the power supply, then disconnect the connection between the short net on the transformer and the top short net, and disconnect the connection between the bottom short net and the bottom water tank; Then, the crystallizer is raised to move above the steel ingot to remove the obstruction of the crystallizer to the steel ingot; then the trolley is moved along the pit bottom track to the other end of the pit, and the bottom water tank and the steel ingot are carried by the trolley to the other end of the pit synchronously, and then the door panel on the top of the pit is opened to lift the steel ingot out of the pit.

Images