Planting method of rhizoma acori graminei

Abstract

The invention discloses a rhizoma acori graminei planting method, and belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting.The planting method comprises the following steps that S1, explant preparation is conducted, specifically, underground rhizomes of rhizoma acori graminei are cleaned, old roots and withered and yellow old leaves are removed to serve as explants, and the explants are disinfected and dried in the shade for use; s2, planting: inserting stem sections and root systems of the explants into a substrate, keeping germinated buds on the substrate, and shading; s3, root fixing: irrigating an indoleacetic acid solution for root fixing on the second day after planting; s4, plant growth maintenance: keeping the matrix dry, regularly topdressing, weeding and deinsectization to obtain acorus tatarinowii plants; the explant in the step S1 contains at least one germinating bud, at least one three-section stem section and at least one root system. The rhizoma acori graminei is high in growth speed and can be harvested after being planted for two years, the volatile oil content of the rhizoma acori graminei is high, and the product quality is good. Compared with the prior art, the method is easy to operate, low in cost and suitable for large-scale planting, and the requirements of agricultural production are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for Acorus calamus. Background Art

[0002] Acorus calamus is one of the traditional medicines for invigorating the mind. It comes from the plant Acorus calamus ( Acorus wait for me Schott) has the effects of opening the mind and removing phlegm, removing dampness and stimulating appetite, refreshing the mind and improving intelligence. It is mainly used in the treatment of central nervous system diseases and cardiovascular system diseases. It is a rare traditional Chinese medicine that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier to treat central nervous system diseases and has significant pharmacological activity.

[0003] Acorus calamus is mainly produced in Sichuan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other provinces, but most of the medicinal materials are wild. Wild Acorus calamus likes shade and humidity, and mostly grows on rocks beside streams and ditches in forest areas. It has a long growth cycle of about 4-5 years, and the production recovery period is long. At present, due to water pollution, over-exploitation and its own factors, the natural seedling rate of Acorus calamus is low and the yield is insufficient. At the same time, Acorus calamus has strict requirements for growth conditions and has not yet been cultivated on a large scale.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN114938780A discloses a high-yield and high-quality asexual propagation technology for Acorus calamus, including: S1: taking a stem segment with buds from Acorus calamus and disinfecting it; S2: taking the stem segment with buds from Acorus calamus disinfected in step S1 and inserting it into a modified culture medium for inducing axillary buds; S3: taking the axillary buds induced in step S2 and inserting them into a culture medium for proliferation culture; S4: taking the seedlings proliferated in step S3 and inserting them into a culture medium for seedling strengthening; S5: taking the seedlings strengthened in step S4 and inserting them into a culture medium for rooting culture. This invention adopts tissue culture, which has a high cost and is not suitable for popularization and application.

[0005] Chinese invention patent application CN109418116 A discloses an efficient cultivation method of Acorus calamus, comprising the following steps: 1) construction of a nutrient pool; 2) transplanting and cultivation; 3) topdressing; 4) field management. The invention uses local materials, mainly using the sludge in the sludge pool to cultivate nutrient soil for planting, which not only realizes the treatment of sludge and sewage by plant cultivation, but also provides sufficient nutritional guarantee for the growth of Acorus calamus by turning waste into treasure, killing two birds with one stone. However, the invention selects a sludge pool with a thickness of 25-40cm of domestic sludge. It is necessary to drain the water in the pool to less than 5cm first, then sprinkle lime and disinfect and dry the pool deeply, turn the pool over every 2-3 days, and always keep the sludge in a slurry state; after applying basal fertilizer, turn it deep into the pool, wait for the pool mud to dry naturally to a board, then release water to turn the pool mud into a slurry state and dry it to a board, release water 10-15cm, bury the disinfection bag and then transplant it. The land preparation time is long and the planting cost is high, which is not suitable for large-scale promotion. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a planting method of Acorus calamus, which is simple to operate, low in cost, fast in growth rate and good in quality, and is suitable for large-scale planting.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for planting Acorus calamus comprises the following steps: S1. Explant preparation: Wash the underground rhizomes of Acorus calamus, remove the old roots and withered old leaves, use them as explants, disinfect them, and dry them in the shade for later use; S2, planting: insert the stem segments and roots of the explants into the matrix, keep the sprouts on the matrix, and shade them; S3, rooting: On the second day after planting, irrigate with indoleacetic acid aqueous solution to establish roots; S4. Plant growth and maintenance: Keep the substrate dry, apply fertilizer regularly, and remove weeds and insects to obtain Acorus calamus plants.

[0008] Preferably, the Acorus calamus in step S1 is the Acorus calamus from September to October.

[0009] Preferably, the length of the explant in step S1 is not less than 5 cm; more preferably, it is 5-8 cm.

[0010] Preferably, the explant in step S1 contains at least one sprout, at least one three-node stem segment and at least one root system; more preferably, it contains one sprout, one three-node stem segment and one root system.

[0011] Preferably, the disinfection in step S1 is: soaking in a 3-8wt% potassium permanganate solution for 5-30 minutes; more preferably: soaking in a 4-6wt% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the substrate in step S2 is red-yellow soil with a pH value of 5-6.

[0013] Further preferably, the substrate contains farmyard manure, and the content of the farmyard manure is 1.5-3.5 kg / m 2 , more preferably 3kg / m 2 . Preferably, the insertion angle in step S2 is: 15-45 degrees to the horizontal plane of the substrate; more preferably 20-40 degrees; and even more preferably 30 degrees. When cutting, a certain tilt angle can increase the rooting area, promote water absorption, and accelerate the formation of callus tissue, thereby improving the success rate and speed of tillering.

[0014] Preferably, the planting spacing of the explants in step S2 is: plant spacing ≥ 0.1 m, row spacing ≥ 0.3 m; more preferably, plant spacing is 0.2-0.4 m, row spacing is 0.3-0.5 m; further preferably, plant spacing is 0.3 m, row spacing is 0.4 m.

[0015] Preferably, the shading in step S2 is: covering 30-50% of the explant planting area; more preferably 35-45%; and even more preferably 40%.

[0016] Preferably, the concentration of the indoleacetic acid aqueous solution in step S3 is 90-110 mg / L; more preferably 95-105 mg / L; and even more preferably 100 mg / L.

[0017] Preferably, the irrigation in step S3 is drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or flood irrigation; more preferably, drip irrigation.

[0018] Preferably, the substrate in step S4 is dried such that no water accumulates in the substrate and the water content is 80-95%.

[0019] Preferably, the regular topdressing in step S4 is: topdressing 25-75g / m every 1-3 months within 5-6 months after planting. 2 urea; further preferably topdressing 50g / m every 2 months 2 of urea.

[0020] Preferably, the pest control in step S4 is: installing solar insecticidal lamps and hanging yellow boards to lure and kill pests.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention uses tuber propagation. In September and October, the underground rhizomes of Acorus calamus are dug out, old roots and withered and yellow leaves are removed after washing, and the underground rhizomes are cut into explants with sprouting buds, three-node stem segments and root systems. The method is suitable for the propagation of Acorus calamus from different origins and has the characteristics of strong stress resistance and low breeding cost.

[0022] (2) The present invention uses red-yellow soil as the matrix, which can reduce the time spent on land preparation and reduce the planting cost.

[0023] (3) The Acorus calamus of the present invention has a fast growth rate and can be harvested 2 years after the plants are planted. At the same time, compared with the existing methods, the present invention is simple to operate, low in cost, suitable for large-scale planting, and meets the needs of agricultural production.

[0024] (4) Compared with the prior art, the calamus grown by the present invention has a higher volatile oil content and better product quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0026] Before further describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present invention are for describing specific embodiments rather than for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention does not limit the sources of the raw materials used. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the present invention are all common commercial products in the field of the present technology. The second day mentioned in the present invention is an interval of 20-24 hours. Unless otherwise specified, the explants used in the embodiments and comparative examples are all collected from Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. The drying described in this embodiment means that the substrate does not accumulate water, and preferably the substrate has a water content of 80-95%.

[0028] Example 1 A kind of planting method of Acorus calamus (1) In September and October, the underground rhizomes of wild Acorus calamus were dug out, washed and the old roots and yellow leaves were cut off. The underground rhizomes were cut into explants with a length of 5-8 cm and a bud, three stem segments and root system. 50 explants were bundled together, immersed in 5wt% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for disinfection, and dried in the shade for later use.

[0029] (2) Select flat, fertile, well-drained red-yellow soil (pH range 5-6) as the substrate. If the pH value is lower than 5, spread 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu to adjust the pH value of the soil.

[0030] Spread fertilizer, till the soil again and make beds. Lay 1-2 drip irrigation pipes in the middle of each planting bed, every 500 m 2 Spread 1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, control the width of the bed to 0.5 m and the width of the ditch to 0.4 m.

[0031] (3) Insert the stem segments and roots of the explants into the substrate at an angle of 30 degrees so that the sprouts remain on the substrate. When planting, the plant spacing is 0.3 m and the row spacing is 0.4 m.

[0032] Shade to cover 40% of the explant planting area.

[0033] (4) On the second day after planting, drip irrigation was performed with rooting water containing 100 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0034] (5) From the beginning of planting to March, apply 50g / m2 of topdressing every 2 months 2 Keep the field dry and free of water. Weed in time according to the principle of "weed early, weed small, and weed thoroughly". After weeding, take the weeds out of the planting area, dry them in the sun, and then fill them back to prevent the weeds from reviving.

[0035] Install solar insect-killing lamps and hang yellow boards to lure and kill pests, establish a pest and disease prediction and early warning system, analyze the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, and make timely pest and disease predictions and forecasts; pull out diseased plants after an illness occurs, and disinfect the planting holes and surrounding areas with lime; keep the planting site ventilated and light-permeable, and harvest in time to prevent crowding of plants and reduce the probability of pests and diseases.

[0036] (6) In September or October of the second year after planting, when the stems and leaves of the Acorus calamus plants turn yellow, dig them out, wash them, remove the roots, and harvest.

[0037] Example 2 A kind of planting method of Acorus calamus (1) In September and October, the underground rhizomes of wild Acorus calamus were dug out, washed and the old roots and yellow leaves were cut off. The underground rhizomes were cut into explants with a length of 5-8 cm and a bud, three stem segments and root system. 50 explants were bundled together, soaked in 3wt% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection, and dried in the shade for later use.

[0038] (2) Select flat, fertile, well-drained red-yellow soil (pH range 5-6) as the substrate. If the pH value is lower than 5, spread 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu to adjust the pH value of the soil.

[0039] Spread fertilizer, till the soil again and make beds. Lay 1-2 drip irrigation pipes in the middle of each planting bed, every 500 m 2 Spread 1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, control the width of the bed to 0.5 m and the width of the ditch to 0.4 m.

[0040] (3) Insert the stem segments and roots of the explants into the substrate at an angle of 15 degrees so that the sprouts remain on the substrate. When planting, the plant spacing is 0.2 m and the row spacing is 0.5 m.

[0041] Shade to cover 35% of the explant planting area.

[0042] (4) On the second day after planting, drip irrigation was performed with rooting water containing 90 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0043] (5) From the beginning of planting to March, apply 50g / m2 of topdressing every 2 months 2Keep the field dry and free of water. Weed in time according to the principle of "weed early, weed small, and weed thoroughly". After weeding, take the weeds out of the planting area, dry them in the sun, and then fill them back to prevent the weeds from reviving.

[0044] Install solar insect-killing lamps and hang yellow boards to lure and kill pests, establish a pest and disease prediction and early warning system, analyze the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, and make timely pest and disease predictions and forecasts; pull out diseased plants after an illness occurs, and disinfect the planting holes and surrounding areas with lime; keep the planting site ventilated and light-permeable, and harvest in time to prevent crowding of plants and reduce the probability of pests and diseases.

[0045] (6) In September or October of the second year after planting, when the stems and leaves of the Acorus calamus plants turn yellow, dig them out, wash them, remove the roots, and harvest.

[0046] Example 3 A kind of planting method of Acorus calamus (1) In September and October, the underground rhizomes of wild Acorus calamus were dug out, washed and the old roots and yellow leaves were cut off. The underground rhizomes were cut into explants with a length of 5-8 cm and a bud, three stem segments and root system. 50 explants were bundled together, immersed in 8wt% potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes for disinfection, and dried in the shade for later use.

[0047] (2) Select flat, fertile, well-drained red-yellow soil (pH range 5-6) as the substrate. If the pH value is lower than 5, spread 100-150 kg of quicklime per mu to adjust the pH value of the soil.

[0048] Spread fertilizer, till the soil again and make beds. Lay 1-2 drip irrigation pipes in the middle of each planting bed, every 500 m 2 Spread 1500 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, control the width of the bed to 0.5 m and the width of the ditch to 0.4 m.

[0049] (3) Insert the stem segments and roots of the explants into the substrate at an angle of 45 degrees so that the sprouts remain on the substrate. When planting, the plant spacing is 0.4 m and the row spacing is 0.3 m.

[0050] Shade to cover 50% of the explant planting area.

[0051] (4) On the second day after planting, drip irrigation was performed with rooting water containing 110 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0052] (5) From the beginning of planting to March, apply 50g / m2 of topdressing every 2 months 2 Keep the field dry and free of water. Weed in time according to the principle of "weed early, weed small, and weed thoroughly". After weeding, take the weeds out of the planting area, dry them in the sun, and then fill them back to prevent the weeds from reviving.

[0053] Install solar insect-killing lamps and hang yellow boards to lure and kill pests, establish a pest and disease prediction and early warning system, analyze the occurrence patterns of pests and diseases, and make timely pest and disease predictions and forecasts; pull out diseased plants after an illness occurs, and disinfect the planting holes and surrounding areas with lime; keep the planting site ventilated and light-permeable, and harvest in time to prevent crowding of plants and reduce the probability of pests and diseases.

[0054] (6) In September or October of the second year after planting, dig out the Acorus calamus plants when their stems and leaves turn yellow, wash them, remove the roots, dry them in the shade, and harvest.

[0055] Example 4 A kind of planting method of Acorus calamus The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 3 is that the explants are from different sources.

[0056] Specifically, the explants of this embodiment were collected from Guangfeng, Hunan.

[0057] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] Comparative Example 1 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the pH of the substrate is different and the shading area is different.

[0059] Specifically: The pH value of red-yellow soil ranges from 6.5 to 7.0; Shade to cover 60% of the explant planting area.

[0060] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the explants are different and the timing of rooting is different.

[0062] Specifically: The underground stems were cut into explants with a length of 12-16 cm and two buds, four stem segments and one root system.

[0063] 12-14 hours after planting, drip irrigate with rooting water containing 100 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0064] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0065] Comparative Example 3 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the rooting timing and the concentration of the indoleacetic acid solution are different.

[0066] Specifically: 28-30 hours after planting, drip irrigate with rooting water containing 115 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0067] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0068] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is: the concentration of potassium permanganate solution and indoleacetic acid solution.

[0069] Specifically: Soak in 1.5wt% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection; Drip irrigation with rooting water containing 80 mg / L indoleacetic acid solution.

[0070] The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] 1. Production inspection When harvesting Acorus calamus, the tiller numbers of Acorus calamus from different origins were recorded, and wild Acorus calamus from the same period was selected as the control group, and its tiller numbers were recorded and compared and analyzed.

[0072] Table 1 The number of tillers of Acorus calamus harvested in different embodiments and comparative examples

[0073] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among the groups, P < 0.05.

[0074] The results show that the planting method adopted by the present invention can significantly increase the tillering number of Acorus calamus, increase the yield of Acorus calamus, and is suitable for the reproduction of Acorus calamus from different origins.

[0075] It can be seen from Comparative Examples 1-4 that substrate pH, shading area, explant, rooting timing, and the concentrations of disinfectants and rooting agents all have important effects on the tillering number of Acorus calamus.

[0076] 2. Quality Inspection The harvested Acorus calamus was dried in the shade, and the Acorus calamus purchased from the authentic production area of ​​Sichuan was used as the reference substance, and the determination was carried out using Method B under General Chapter 2204 Determination of Volatile Oil in the 2020 Edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia".

[0077] The specific determination method is: Take 60.0 g of Acorus tatarinowii, place it in a 1000.00 mL round-bottom flask, add 540.00 mL of water, soak for 4 h, connect to the volatile oil extraction tester, add water from the upper end of the tester until it fills the scale part and overflows into the flask, then add 1.00 mL of xylene with a pipette, and then connect the reflux condenser. Heat and reflux for 6 h, stop heating and let it stand for more than 15 min, read the volume of xylene, subtract the amount of xylene, which is the amount of volatile oil, and divide the amount of volatile oil by the sample mass to get the oil yield. Repeat the test 3 times for each group, and take the average of the 3 data. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0078] Table 2 Volatile oil content of Acorus tatarinowii harvested from different embodiments and comparative examples

[0079] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among the groups, P < 0.05.

[0080] The results show that the planting method of the present invention can significantly increase the volatile oil content of Acorus calamus, and the obtained Acorus calamus is of good quality, and the volatile oil content exceeds 2.0%, which is much higher than the 1.0% specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[0081] It can be seen from Comparative Examples 1-4 that substrate pH, shading area, explant, rooting timing, and the concentrations of disinfectants and rooting agents all have important effects on the volatile oil content of Acorus calamus.

[0082] It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, and therefore the present invention includes but is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific implementation manner, and any technique according to the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for planting Acorus calamus, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Explant preparation: Wash the underground rhizomes of Acorus calamus, remove the old roots and withered old leaves, use them as explants, disinfect them, and dry them in the shade for later use; S2, planting: insert the stem segments and roots of the explants into the matrix, keep the sprouts on the matrix, and shade them; S3, rooting: On the second day after planting, irrigate with indoleacetic acid solution to establish roots; S4. Plant growth and maintenance: keep the substrate dry, apply fertilizer regularly, weed and kill insects to obtain Acorus calamus plants; The explant in step S1 contains at least one sprout, at least one three-node stem segment and at least one root system.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the explant in step S1 is not less than 5 cm.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explant in step S1 contains a bud, a three-node stem segment and a root system.

4. The planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the explant in step S1 is 5-8 cm.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection in step S1 is: soaking in a 3-8wt% potassium permanganate solution for 5-30 minutes.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate in step S2 is red-yellow soil with a pH value of 5-6.

7. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shading in step S2 is: covering 35-50% of the explant planting area.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the indoleacetic acid solution in step S3 is 90-110 mg / L.

9. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matrix drying in step S4 is as follows: the matrix does not accumulate water and has a water content of 80-95%.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regular topdressing in step S4 is: topdressing 25-75g / m every 1-3 months within 5-6 months after planting. 2 of urea.

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