Method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straws

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straws. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cutting the crop straws into segments; (2) compacting and storing the straw which is cut into sections, and carrying out facultative fermentation to soften the straw; (3) the softened straw is subjected to thread rolling; (4) grinding the material subjected to thread rolling into slurry to obtain slurry; (5) fermenting the slurry; (6) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the fermented material; the obtained solid is used as a component of the feed, and the obtained liquid flows back and continues to participate in slurry fermentation. Other fermentation substances do not need to be added, the crop straw is fully cured and then subjected to anaerobic fermentation through thread rolling and pulp grinding, the content of crude fibers is greatly reduced, fermentation residues contain beneficial substances such as microorganisms, active enzymes and organic acid, eating and digestion of livestock are facilitated, the phenomenon of biogas production in the stomach is avoided, palatability is better, and the feed additive is suitable for large-scale production. After the livestock eat the feed, the decomposition of protein is promoted, the gastrointestinal motility is reduced, and the emptying time is slowed down, so that the digestion and absorption rate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for fermenting crop straw used as livestock breeding feed, belonging to the technical field of feed fermentation. Background Art

[0002] Crop straw is the main source of livestock feed. It is usually chopped and mixed with concentrate (corn, beans, etc.) and trace nutrients in proportion after rough fermentation to form livestock feed. After livestock eat the feed prepared in this way, it will continue to ferment in the gastrointestinal tract, produce biogas, cause rumen bloating, indigestion, and cause harm to their bodies.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN118614574A discloses a mixed silage and a preparation method thereof, wherein the silage is cut into small pieces and mixed, and the additive is sprayed evenly into the mixture, and then quickly put into a vacuum bag, vacuumized and sealed, and fermented at room temperature in the dark. CN103947827A discloses a fermentation agent and a preparation method of a straw fermented feed with multiple probiotics, and a preparation method of a straw fermented feed with multiple probiotics, wherein a fermentation agent for ruminant fermented feed, a fermentation agent for non-ruminant fermented feed, and a fermentation agent for poultry fermented feed are prepared using multiple probiotics, and the fermentation agent for ruminant fermented feed, non-ruminant fermented feed, and poultry fermented feed are fermented using the corresponding fermentation agent. CN118575894A discloses a rice straw fermented complete mixed feed and a preparation method and application thereof. The rice straw fermented complete mixed feed comprises rice straw, soybean meal, bran, corn flour, probiotics, enzyme preparations, minerals and vitamins. The preparation method comprises raw material preparation, cutting, fermentation, drying, crushing, screening and complete mixed feed preparation.

[0004] In the above patent documents, although the feed has been fermented, the fermentation process uses existing technology (aerobic fermentation, facultative aerobic fermentation), which is a crude fermentation after the various components are mixed. There is no separate fine fermentation of the crop straw. The straw will continue to ferment in the gastrointestinal tract of livestock, and the biogas production phenomenon cannot be eliminated, which is not conducive to the health of livestock.

[0005] CN105053535A discloses a composition for fermenting crop straw and its application, which includes the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of molasses; 8-10 parts of composite bacteria; 2.5-4.5 parts of composite enzymes; 4-6.5 parts of composite trace elements; 0.5-2 parts of non-protein nitrogen; 0.5-1.0 parts of salt. The composition is used to ferment crop straw to prepare feed for ruminants. Although this method decomposes cellulose and reduces crude fiber content, it requires the use of a fermentation composition of multiple components, which increases the fermentation cost. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims at the shortcomings of the existing crop straw fermentation technology in feed and provides a method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw, which has simple process, low cost, can fully anaerobic ferment crop straw and avoid rumen bloating after livestock eats it.

[0007] The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straws of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Cutting crop straw into segments;

[0009] The cutting into segments is cutting into segments of 30 to 300 mm.

[0010] (2) compacting and storing the cut straw for aerobic fermentation to soften it;

[0011] The storage time is 3 to 12 months.

[0012] (3) rolling the softened straw into threads;

[0013] The straw is rolled into short threads, the length of which is 3 to 30 mm, so as to facilitate subsequent pulping. The softened straw can be squeezed into threads in a thread rolling machine (existing equipment).

[0014] (4) grinding the thread-rolled material into a slurry to obtain a slurry;

[0015] The specific process is: the thread-rolled material is transported to a pulping machine (existing equipment) for grinding to obtain a slurry, in which the particle size of the solid matter in the slurry is not greater than 5 mm and the water content is 60-80%.

[0016] (5) Slurry fermentation treatment;

[0017] The specific process is: the slurry is added with water to adjust the solid content to no more than 15%, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out between 30 and 60°C for more than 25 days.

[0018] (6) The fermented material is subjected to solid-liquid separation; the obtained solid (fermentation residue) is used as a component of the feed, and the obtained liquid (fermentation liquid) is refluxed to continue to participate in the slurry fermentation.

[0019] The fermentation residue can be mixed with concentrated feed (corn, beans, etc.) and trace nutrients in proportion to prepare feed.

[0020] The present invention does not need to add other fermentation substances. The crop straw is fully matured and then anaerobic fermented through thread rolling and grinding, and the crude fiber content is greatly reduced. The fermentation residue contains beneficial substances such as microorganisms, active enzymes and organic acids, which are beneficial to livestock's consumption and digestion, avoid the occurrence of methane production in the stomach, have better palatability, and increase feed intake. After livestock eat, it promotes protein decomposition, reduces gastrointestinal motility, and slows down emptying time, thereby improving digestion and absorption rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straws.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a picture of the straw after being rolled into threads.

[0023] Figure 3 shows pictures of straw slurry, with (a) showing a moisture content of 60% and (b) showing a moisture content of 88%.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a picture of the slurry after fermentation (the water content of the solid matter in the slurry is 78%).

[0025] Figure 5 This is a picture of the fermentation residue (water content 65%) obtained by solid-liquid separation after fermentation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps:

[0027] (1) Cut crop straw into small pieces with a length of 30 to 300 mm.

[0028] (2) Compact the cut crop straw and store it for 3 to 12 months for aerobic fermentation to soften it.

[0029] (3) Put the softened crop straw into a thread rolling machine and extrude it into threads to increase the temperature. The thread rolling machine is an existing equipment, and a twin-screw thread rolling machine can be used. Figure 2 shown.

[0030] (4) The crop straw after threading is transported to a pulping machine. During the pulping process, mechanical energy is converted into heat energy, and the crop straw is ground at 70-100°C. The pulping machine is an existing device. The obtained straw slurry is shown in FIG3. The particle size of the solid matter in the slurry is not greater than 5 mm, and the moisture content is between 60% and 80%. The moisture content of the solid matter in the slurry in FIG3(a) is 60%, and the moisture content of the solid matter in the slurry in FIG3(b) is 80%.

[0031] (5) Add water to the slurry to adjust the solid content to no more than 15%, and perform anaerobic fermentation at 30-60°C for more than 25 days. Figure 4 shown.

[0032] (6) The fermented material is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain fermentation residue and fermentation liquid. Figure 5 As shown, the fermentation residue is mixed with concentrate (corn, beans, etc.) and trace nutrients in proportion to prepare feed. The fermentation liquid is returned to step (5) to continue to participate in the slurry fermentation.

Claims

1. A method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Cutting crop straw into segments; (2) compacting and storing the cut straw for aerobic fermentation to soften it; (3) rolling the softened straw into threads; (4) grinding the thread-rolled material into a slurry to obtain a slurry; (5) Slurry fermentation treatment; (6) The fermented material is subjected to solid-liquid separation; the resulting solid is used as a component of the feed, and the resulting liquid is refluxed to continue to participate in the slurry fermentation.

2. The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting into segments in step (1) is cutting into segments of 30 to 300 mm.

3. The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The storage time in step (2) is 3 to 12 months.

4. The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the thread after rolling in step (3) is 3 to 30 mm.

5. The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step (4) is: conveying the thread-rolled material to a pulping machine for grinding to obtain a slurry, wherein the solid particle size in the slurry is not greater than 5 mm and the water content is 60-80%.

6. The method for preparing feed by anaerobic fermentation of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of step (5) is: adding water to the slurry to adjust the solid content to no more than 15%, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 30-60° C. for more than 25 days.

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