Unconventional feed raw material as well as treatment method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an unconventional feed raw material as well as a treatment method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of feeds. The treatment method comprises the steps of alkali treatment, acid enzymolysis treatment and fermentation treatment. According to the method, the unconventional raw materials with neutral pH can be treated, a biological fermentation technology and a chemical treatment method are combined, the degradation and digestibility of fibers of the unconventional raw materials can be effectively improved, the feeding value of the unconventional raw materials is improved, meanwhile, wastewater is reduced, and environmental pollution is prevented; the unconventional feed raw material product prepared by the treatment method can be applied to processing and preparation of compound livestock feed products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of feed technology, and in particular to an unconventional feed raw material and a processing method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Unconventional feed raw materials are a type of material resources that can be used by livestock and poultry. For example, crop straw, food factory residue, slaughterhouse waste, livestock and poultry manure, etc. are all common unconventional feeds. Replacing some conventional feeds with unconventional feeds can reduce feed costs and obtain considerable economic value. Although unconventional feed raw materials come from a wide range of sources, they are usually complex in composition, have low nutritional value or unbalanced nutritional components, and may contain a variety of anti-nutritional factors or poisons, high fiber content and low digestibility, poor palatability, and low feeding value. Therefore, unconventional feed raw materials usually need to be processed and modified.

[0003] In recent years, the price of conventional feed raw materials has continued to rise, bringing great cost challenges to the livestock and poultry farming industry. Although the domestic unconventional feed raw material resources are abundant, due to the many shortcomings mentioned above, the application rate of unconventional raw materials in feed is low.

[0004] At present, there are some treatment methods and processes for unconventional feed raw materials, but most of them are for materials with acidic pH such as injection slag raw materials, and their scope of application is limited. The existing means of treating unconventional feed raw materials are roughly divided into two types: biological means and chemical means. The former has limited effect on the degradation and digestibility of unconventional raw material fibers, while the latter requires a large amount of water for cleaning, and the wastewater generated will cause great pressure on the environment. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an unconventional feed raw material and a processing method thereof, which can be used to process unconventional raw materials with neutral pH; the method combines biological fermentation technology with chemical treatment methods, which can effectively improve the degradation and digestibility of unconventional raw material fibers, enhance their feeding value, and at the same time reduce the generation of wastewater to prevent environmental pollution.

[0006] Another object of the present application is to provide the use of the above-mentioned unconventional feed raw materials in poultry and livestock feed, wherein the unconventional raw materials are prepared by the above-mentioned processing method and can be applied to the processing and preparation of composite poultry and livestock feed products.

[0007] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0008] On the one hand, the present invention provides a method for processing unconventional feed raw materials, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] Alkali treatment: neutral non-conventional raw materials, alkali and water are mixed, sealed and allowed to stand to obtain a first material;

[0010] Acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: neutral non-conventional raw materials, acid, water and compound enzyme preparation are separately taken, mixed, sealed and allowed to stand to obtain a second material;

[0011] Fermentation treatment: the first material and the second material are mixed, fermentation liquid is added, and after mixing, they are sealed and allowed to stand for fermentation to obtain a product, which is an unconventional feed raw material.

[0012] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, in the above-mentioned alkali treatment step: by weight, 400 to 600 parts of neutral unconventional raw materials, 1 to 100 parts of alkali, and 400 to 600 parts of water are taken, and the pH of the mixed material is 10 to 13, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand for 12 to 48 hours at a constant temperature of 30 to 55° C. to obtain a first material;

[0013] In the above acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: by weight, 400-600 parts of neutral non-conventional raw materials, 1-50 parts of acid, 400-600 parts of water, and 1-10 parts of complex enzyme preparation are taken separately, and the pH of the mixed material is 3-6, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand for 12-48 hours at a constant temperature of 30-55° C. to obtain a second material;

[0014] In the fermentation treatment step, the first material and the second material are mixed, fermentation liquid is added, the pH of the mixed materials is 5-8, and the materials are sealed and allowed to ferment for 24-120 hours at a constant temperature of 30-40°C to obtain a non-conventional feed raw material.

[0015] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the components of the fermentation solution include: Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and water.

[0016] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the components of the fermentation liquid include, by weight: 0.1-1 part of Lactobacillus plantarum, 0.1-1 part of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 50 parts of water; wherein the temperature of the water is 37°C.

[0017] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum in the fermentation solution is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of live bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0018] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the components of the above-mentioned complex enzyme preparation include cellulase, ferulic acid esterase and arabinofuranosidase.

[0019] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present application, the enzyme activity of cellulase in the above-mentioned composite enzyme preparation is 30000 U / g, the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1900 U / g, and the enzyme activity of arabinofuranosidase is 6000 U / g.

[0020] Further, in some embodiments of the present application, the neutral unconventional raw material is any one of stevia residue, palm meal, artemisia annua residue, Zanthoxylum leaves or other unconventional raw materials with neutral pH;

[0021] The above-mentioned base is calcium hydroxide, and the above-mentioned acid is lactic acid.

[0022] The embodiment of the present application also provides an unconventional feed raw material, which is prepared by the above-mentioned processing method.

[0023] On the other hand, the embodiments of the present application also provide the use of the above-mentioned unconventional feed raw materials in poultry and livestock feed.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0025] For the first aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides an unconventional feed raw material and a processing method thereof. In the process, two portions of unconventional raw materials with neutral pH are prepared respectively, one portion is subjected to alkali treatment, and the other portion is subjected to acid enzymolysis treatment, and finally the products obtained by the treatment on both sides are mixed and fermented together. Among them, the alkali treatment process can destroy the fiber structure of the neutral unconventional raw material, and improve the efficiency of subsequent microorganisms and enzymes for raw material fermentation and enzymolysis; the unconventional raw material treated with acid enzymolysis is mixed with the raw material treated with alkali to achieve acid-base neutralization, so as to reduce the wastewater pollution generated by water washing / acid washing in traditional chemical means, and the mixed material can also provide a suitable pH environment for subsequent fermentation. In addition, adding an enzyme preparation in the acid enzymolysis step, rather than adding an enzyme preparation in the fermentation step, can provide more suitable temperature and enzymolysis conditions, thereby effectively improving the enzymolysis efficiency. In addition, the optimal enzymolysis temperature of cellulase is 45-50°C and pH4-5, which is more conducive to the enzymolysis of cellulase in the high temperature and acidic environment during the acid enzymolysis process than adding cellulase during anaerobic fermentation.

[0026] Furthermore, in the acid enzymatic hydrolysis step, lactic acid is a metabolite of lactic acid bacteria, and the use of lactic acid has little effect on the growth and metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in the subsequent fermentation process, which is more conducive to the fermentation process. Unconventional raw materials generally have poor palatability. The aromatic metabolites such as acids and esters produced by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during anaerobic biological fermentation can improve the palatability of unconventional raw materials. And lactic acid bacteria are resident dominant bacteria in the intestines of livestock and poultry, and the intestinal health of livestock and poultry can be improved by feeding unconventional raw materials containing lactic acid bacteria.

[0027] The whole method combines chemical treatment and biological fermentation technology, and can be applied to a variety of neutral unconventional raw materials, such as stevia residue, palm meal, pepper leaves, Artemisia annua residue, etc.; it can significantly reduce the fiber content of neutral unconventional raw materials and improve the protein quality, digestibility and feed effective energy value of neutral unconventional raw materials.

[0028] Regarding the second aspect, the embodiments of the present application also provide the use of unconventional feed raw materials prepared by the above-mentioned processing method in poultry and livestock feed, which can be used to produce compound feed products, thereby helping to reduce the raw material cost of the product feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0030] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other.

[0031] The features and performance of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0032] In the examples of the present application, the plant lactobacillus used is from Qingdao Suntech Biotechnology Co., Ltd., which is deposited in the General Microbiological Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration with a deposit number of CGMCC No. 22078;

[0033] The brewer's yeast used was from Angel Yeast Co., Ltd. and was deposited in China Center for Type Culture Collection with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 2021941.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This embodiment provides an unconventional feed raw material, wherein the raw material is stevia residue, which is prepared by the following method:

[0036] Alkali treatment: by weight, 500 parts of stevia residue, 30 parts of calcium hydroxide and 500 parts of water were mixed evenly, at which time the pH of the material was 12.19, and the mixture was sealed and allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 45° C. for 24 hours to obtain a first material;

[0037] Acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: 500 parts of stevia residue, 20 parts of lactic acid, 500 parts of water and 6 parts of composite enzyme preparation are mixed evenly, and the pH value of the material is 4.08 at this time. The material is sealed and allowed to stand for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 45°C to obtain a second material; wherein the type and enzyme activity of the composite enzyme preparation are respectively 30000U / g of cellulase activity, 1900U / g of ferulic acid esterase activity, and 6000U / g of arabinofuranosidase activity;

[0038] Fermentation treatment: 1030 parts of the first material and 1026 parts of the second material are mixed, 51 parts of fermentation liquid are added, and the mixture is evenly mixed. At this time, the pH value of the mixture is 7.21. The mixture is sealed and allowed to ferment for 72 hours in a constant temperature environment of 37°C to obtain a non-conventional feed raw material;

[0039] The preparation method of the fermentation liquid is as follows: 0.6 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.4 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dissolved in 50 parts of 37°C water and stirred evenly; the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment provides an unconventional feed raw material, wherein the raw material is palm meal, which is prepared by the following method:

[0042] Alkali treatment: by weight, 500 parts of palm meal, 30 parts of calcium hydroxide and 500 parts of water were mixed evenly, at which time the pH value of the material was 11.91, and the mixture was sealed and allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 45° C. for 24 hours to obtain the first material;

[0043] Acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: 500 parts of palm meal, 20 parts of lactic acid, 500 parts of water and 6 parts of composite enzyme preparation are mixed evenly, and the pH value of the material is 4.02 at this time. The material is sealed and allowed to stand for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 45°C to obtain a second material; wherein the type and enzyme activity of the composite enzyme preparation are respectively 30000U / g of cellulase activity, 1900U / g of ferulic acid esterase activity, and 6000U / g of arabinofuranosidase activity;

[0044] Fermentation treatment: 1030 parts of the first material and 1026 parts of the second material are mixed, 51 parts of fermentation liquid are added, and the mixture is evenly mixed. At this time, the pH value of the mixture is 6.94. The mixture is sealed and allowed to ferment for 72 hours in a constant temperature environment of 37°C to obtain a non-conventional feed raw material;

[0045] The preparation method of the fermentation liquid is as follows: 0.6 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.4 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dissolved in 50 parts of 37°C water and stirred evenly; the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum is 1×10 10CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides an unconventional feed raw material, the raw material of which is Artemisia annua residue, which is prepared by the following method:

[0048] Alkali treatment: by weight, 500 parts of Artemisia annua residue, 30 parts of calcium hydroxide and 500 parts of water were mixed evenly, at which time the pH of the material was 12.13, and the mixture was sealed and allowed to stand at a constant temperature of 45° C. for 24 hours to obtain the first material;

[0049] Acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: 500 parts of palm meal, 20 parts of lactic acid, 500 parts of water and 6 parts of composite enzyme preparation are mixed evenly, and the pH value of the material is 4.16 at this time. The material is sealed and allowed to stand for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 45°C to obtain a second material; wherein the type and enzyme activity of the composite enzyme preparation are respectively 30000U / g of cellulase activity, 1900U / g of ferulic acid esterase activity, and 6000U / g of arabinofuranosidase activity;

[0050] Fermentation treatment: 1030 parts of the first material and 1026 parts of the second material are mixed, 51 parts of fermentation liquid are added, and the mixture is evenly mixed. At this time, the pH value of the mixture is 7.24. The mixture is sealed and allowed to ferment for 72 hours in a constant temperature environment of 37°C to obtain a non-conventional feed raw material;

[0051] The preparation method of the fermentation liquid is as follows: 0.6 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.4 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dissolved in 50 parts of 37°C water and stirred evenly; the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] This embodiment provides an unconventional feed raw material, the raw material of which is Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, which is prepared by the following method:

[0054] Alkali treatment: by weight, 500 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, 30 parts of calcium hydroxide and 500 parts of water were mixed evenly, at which time the pH value of the material was 12.06, and the mixture was sealed and allowed to stand for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 45° C. to obtain a first material;

[0055] Acid enzymolysis treatment: 500 parts of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves, 20 parts of lactic acid, 500 parts of water and 6 parts of composite enzyme preparation are mixed evenly, and the pH value of the material is 4.01 at this time. The material is sealed and allowed to stand for 24 hours in a constant temperature environment of 45°C to obtain a second material; wherein the type and enzyme activity of the composite enzyme preparation are respectively 30000U / g of cellulase activity, 1900U / g of ferulic acid esterase activity, and 6000U / g of arabinofuranosidase activity;

[0056] Fermentation treatment: 1030 parts of the first material and 1026 parts of the second material are mixed, 51 parts of fermentation liquid are added, and the mixture is evenly mixed. At this time, the pH value of the mixture is 6.93. The mixture is sealed and allowed to ferment for 72 hours in a constant temperature environment of 37°C to obtain a non-conventional feed raw material;

[0057] The preparation method of the fermentation liquid is as follows: 0.6 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum and 0.4 parts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are dissolved in 50 parts of 37°C water and stirred evenly; the number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] This comparative example is based on Example 1, and a blank control group and multiple comparison groups are designed to compare with the scheme of Example 1, specifically:

[0060] Blank control group: stevia residue raw materials without any treatment;

[0061] Comparative group 1: without performing the alkaline treatment step and the acid enzymatic hydrolysis step, the compound enzyme preparation and the fermentation liquid were directly added to the stevia residue raw material to perform the fermentation treatment step; the details are as follows:

[0062] Preparation of bacterial enzyme liquid: 0.6 parts of plant lactobacillus, 0.4 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae and 6 parts of compound enzyme preparation are dissolved in 1050 parts of 37°C water and stirred evenly to obtain bacterial enzyme liquid; wherein the number of viable bacteria of plant lactobacillus is 1×1010CFU / g, and the number of viable bacteria of saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×109CFU / g; the type and enzyme activity of the compound enzyme preparation are respectively 30000U / g of cellulase activity, 1900U / g of ferulic acid esterase activity, and 6000U / g of arabinofuranosidase activity;

[0063] Fermentation treatment: Spray 1057 parts of the obtained bacterial enzyme solution onto 1000 parts of stevia residue, mix evenly, seal and place in a constant temperature environment of 37°C for 72 hours.

[0064] Comparative Group 2: Performing an alkali treatment step, and then directly adding lactic acid, a compound enzyme preparation and a fermentation bacterial liquid to the material obtained in the alkali treatment step to perform a fermentation treatment step; the details are as follows:

[0065] Alkali treatment: Mix 30 parts of calcium hydroxide, 500 parts of stevia residue and 500 parts of water, seal and place in a constant temperature environment of 45°C for 24 hours;

[0066] Preparation of bacterial enzyme solution: Dissolve 0.6 parts of plant lactobacillus, 0.4 parts of brewer's yeast, and 6 parts of compound enzyme preparation in 550 parts of 37°C water and stir evenly. The number of viable bacteria of plant lactobacillus is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of viable bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g. The types and enzyme activities of the compound enzyme preparation are: cellulase activity is 30000U / g, ferulic acid esterase activity is 1900U / g, and arabinofuranosidase activity is 6000U / g;

[0067] Fermentation treatment: 1030 parts of the material obtained by alkali treatment, 20 parts of lactic acid, and 500 parts of stevia residue are mixed evenly, and then 557 parts of the prepared bacterial enzyme solution is sprayed into the mixed material. After mixing evenly, the mixture is sealed and placed in a constant temperature environment of 37°C for 72 hours.

[0068] The crude protein (GB / T6432-2018), acid-soluble protein (NY / T 3801-2020), neutral detergent fiber (GB / T20806-2006), dry matter digestibility (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method) and feed effective energy value (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method) of the above-mentioned comparison groups 1 to 2, the blank control group and the product obtained in Example 1 were respectively measured.

[0069] The results are shown in Table 1; it can be seen from Table 1 that each group of processes can improve the feeding value of stevia residue, such as crude protein, acid-soluble protein, dry matter digestibility and feed effective energy value, among which the improvement effect is from high to low, respectively, Example 1, Comparative Group 2 and Comparative Group 1. The fiber in unconventional raw materials will hinder the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients by livestock and poultry. As the neutral detergent fiber of stevia residue decreases, its dry matter digestibility and feed effective energy value gradually increase. At the same time, the degradation degree of neutral detergent fiber in Comparative Group 1, which directly uses bacterial enzymes to cooperate with biological fermentation to treat stevia residue, is lower than that in Comparative Group 2 and Example 1, indicating that the efficiency of directly treating fiber by bacterial enzymes and biological fermentation is extremely low when the fiber structure is not fully opened. After alkali treatment, the degradation degree of neutral detergent fiber in Comparative Group 2 and Example 1 is higher than that in Comparative Group 1, which is related to the fact that the alkali treatment destroys the hydrogen bonds connecting the fiber structures of stevia residue and promotes the fermentation and enzymolysis efficiency of raw materials by microorganisms and enzymes. In addition, under the condition of adding the same amount of enzyme preparation, the degree of degradation of neutral detergent fiber in Example 1 is higher than that in control group 2, which is related to the fact that Example 1 provides a suitable high temperature and low pH enzymatic hydrolysis environment for the enzyme, greatly improving the fiber enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of stevia residue. Finally, the feeding value of the stevia residue product in Example 1 is most significantly improved. Compared with the blank control group, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 25.43%, the crude protein is increased by 4.62%, the acid-soluble protein is increased by 582.14%, the dry matter digestibility is increased by 151.03%, and the effective energy value of feed is increased by 15.09%.

[0070] Table 1 Effects of different treatment processes on the feeding value of stevia residue

[0071]

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] This comparative example is based on Example 2, and a blank control group is designed. Palm meal without any treatment is compared with the product of Example 2 to determine crude protein (GB / T 6432-2018), acid-soluble protein (NY / T 3801-2020), neutral detergent fiber (GB / T20806-2006), dry matter digestibility (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method), and feed effective energy value (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method).

[0074] The results are shown in Table 2; it can be seen from Table 2 that the scheme of Example 2 can effectively reduce the fiber content of palm meal and improve the feeding value. After the palm meal is treated by the method of Example 2, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 35.46%, the crude protein is increased by 4.48%, the acid-soluble protein is increased by 274.04%, the dry matter digestibility is increased by 124.87%, and the feed effective energy value is increased by 17.08%.

[0075] Table 2 The effect of the processing technology of this application on the feeding value of palm meal

[0076]

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] This comparative example is based on Example 3, and a blank control group is designed. The untreated Artemisia annua residue is compared with the product of Example 3 to determine crude protein (GB / T 6432-2018), acid-soluble protein (NY / T 3801-2020), neutral detergent fiber (GB / T20806-2006), dry matter digestibility (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method), and feed effective energy value (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method).

[0079] The results are shown in Table 3; it can be seen from Table 3 that the scheme of Example 3 can effectively reduce the fiber content of Artemisia annua residue and improve its feeding value. After the Artemisia annua residue is treated by the process of Example 3, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 26.83%, the crude protein is increased by 5.98%, the acid-soluble protein is increased by 158.29%, the dry matter digestibility is increased by 37.93%, and the effective energy value of feed is increased by 18.84%.

[0080] Table 3 Effect of the treatment process of this application on the feeding value of Artemisia annua residue

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Comparative Example 4

[0084] This comparative example is based on Example 4, and a blank control group is designed. Untreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves are compared with the product of Example 4 to determine crude protein (GB / T 6432-2018), acid-soluble protein (NY / T 3801-2020), neutral detergent fiber (GB / T20806-2006), dry matter digestibility (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method), and feed effective energy value (SDS-Ⅱ in vitro bionic method).

[0085] The results are shown in Table 4; it can be seen from Table 4 that the scheme of Example 4 can effectively reduce the fiber content of Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves and improve the feeding value. After the Zanthoxylum bungeanum leaves are treated by the process of Example 4, the neutral detergent fiber is reduced by 23.61%, the crude protein is increased by 4.91%, the acid-soluble protein is increased by 194.79%, the dry matter digestibility is increased by 32.70%, and the feed effective energy value is increased by 15.78%.

[0086] Table 4 Effect of the treatment process of this application on the feeding value of pepper leaves

[0087]

[0088] Experimental Example 1

[0089] This experimental example is based on Example 1, and its purpose is to verify the effect of different addition amounts of organic acids on the fermentation of stevia residue, as follows:

[0090] Dissolve 0.6 parts of plant lactobacillus and 0.4 parts of brewer's yeast in 500 parts of 37°C water and stir evenly, then mix with 500 parts of stevia residue, 30 parts of baking soda and organic acid. The type and amount of organic acid added are added according to the experimental design in Table 5. After mixing evenly, seal and place in a constant temperature environment at 37°C for fermentation for 72 hours.

[0091] According to the above method, a control group and experimental groups 1 to 8 were designed. The difference between the groups lies in the type and amount of organic acid added, as shown in Table 5:

[0092] Table 5 Experimental group design table

[0093] Group Organic Acid Addition amount Control group none 0 copies Experimental Group 1 Formic acid 10 servings Experimental Group 2 Formic acid 20 servings Experimental Group 3 Acetic acid 10 servings Experimental Group 4 Acetic acid 20 servings Experimental Group 5 Propionic acid 10 servings Experimental Group 6 Propionic acid 20 servings Experimental Group 7 lactic acid 10 servings Experimental Group 8 lactic acid 20 servings

[0094] The number of lactic acid bacteria after fermentation was determined for each group of products mentioned above (GB4789.35-2016);

[0095] The results are shown in Table 6. It can be seen from Table 6 that compared with the control group, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the experimental groups with various acids added after fermentation was lower, and the number of lactic acid bacteria in the experimental groups with formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid added after fermentation was lower than that before fermentation, indicating that adding more than 2% formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid during the anaerobic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria will inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria. In addition, the negative impact of the experimental group with lactic acid added on lactic acid fermentation was lower than that of other experimental groups with organic acids added. After adding 2% and 4% lactic acid, the number of lactic acid bacteria in experimental groups 7 and 8 increased from 10 6 CFU / g increased to 10 8 CFU / g, among which the number of lactic acid bacteria was the highest after adding 2% lactic acid for fermentation. Formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, as small molecular acids, are more likely to enter the bacterial cell membrane to inhibit the synthesis of DNA and protein in the bacterial nucleus, hindering the growth and metabolism of bacteria. Although lactic acid also has a certain bactericidal ability, as a metabolite of lactic acid bacteria, its negative impact on the growth of lactic acid bacteria is weaker than that of formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of acid in the acid enzymatic treatment step.

[0096] Table 6 Experimental results data table

[0097]

[0098] In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide an unconventional feed raw material and a processing method and application thereof, which can be used to process unconventional raw materials with a neutral pH; the method combines biological fermentation technology with chemical treatment methods, which can effectively improve the degradation and digestibility of unconventional raw material fibers and enhance their feeding value, while reducing the generation of wastewater and preventing environmental pollution; the product can be used in the processing and preparation of composite poultry and livestock feed products.

[0099] The embodiments described above are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present application is not intended to limit the scope of the present application for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for processing unconventional feed raw materials, It is characterized in that It includes the following steps: Alkali treatment: neutral non-conventional raw materials, alkali and water are mixed, sealed and allowed to stand to obtain a first material; Acid enzymatic hydrolysis treatment: neutral non-conventional raw materials, acid, water and compound enzyme preparation are separately taken, mixed, sealed and allowed to stand to obtain a second material; Fermentation treatment: the first material and the second material are mixed, fermentation liquid is added, and after mixing, they are sealed and allowed to stand for fermentation to obtain a product, which is an unconventional feed raw material.

2. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the alkali treatment step: by weight, 400 to 600 parts of neutral unconventional raw materials, 1 to 100 parts of alkali, and 400 to 600 parts of water are taken, and the pH of the mixed material is 10 to 13, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand for 12 to 48 hours at a constant temperature of 30 to 55° C. to obtain a first material; In the acid enzymolysis treatment, 400 to 600 parts of neutral unconventional raw materials, 1 to 50 parts of acid, 400 to 600 parts of water, and 1 to 10 parts of complex enzyme preparation are taken by weight, and the pH of the mixed material is 3 to 6, and the mixture is sealed and allowed to stand for 12 to 48 hours at a constant temperature of 30 to 55° C. to obtain a second material; In the fermentation treatment step: the first material and the second material are mixed, and fermentation liquid is added. The pH of the mixed materials is 5-8, and they are sealed and allowed to ferment for 24-120 hours at a constant temperature of 30-40°C to obtain a product unconventional feed raw material.

3. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The components of the fermented bacterial liquid include: Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and water.

4. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The components of the fermentation liquid include, by weight: 0.1-1 part of Lactobacillus plantarum, 0.1-1 part of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and 50 parts of water; wherein the temperature of the water is 37°C.

5. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The number of viable Lactobacillus plantarum in the fermented bacterial liquid is 1×10 10 CFU / g, the number of live bacteria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

6. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The components of the complex enzyme preparation include cellulase, ferulic acid esterase and arabinofuranosidase.

7. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The enzyme activity of cellulase in the composite enzyme preparation is 30000 U / g, the enzyme activity of ferulic acid esterase is 1900 U / g, and the enzyme activity of arabinofuranosidase is 6000 U / g.

8. The method for processing unconventional feed raw materials according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The neutral unconventional raw material is any one of stevia residue, palm meal, artemisia annua residue, prickly ash leaves or other unconventional raw materials with neutral pH; The base is calcium hydroxide, and the acid is lactic acid.

9. An unconventional feed raw material, It is characterized in that The invention discloses a novel nanostructured carbon foam prepared by the treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the unconventional feed raw material as claimed in claim 9 in livestock feed.

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