Cultivation method for seedling protection and high yield of dry land crops

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for seedling protection and high yield of dry land crops. According to the technical scheme, ridging, film mulching, V-shaped furrow arrangement, film cutting and crop planting at the bottoms of furrows are adopted. According to the method, the soil moisture content and the soil temperature of the sowing area can be increased, soil hardening is avoided, and the effects of avoiding seedling release, facilitating seedling grabbing, increasing the seedling protection number, inhibiting field weeds and improving the mulching film recovery rate and the crop yield are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation and high yield. Background Art

[0002] At present, in areas with very little rainfall of 200 to 400 mm, the combination of mulch covering and micro-rainwater harvesting technology can spatially redistribute the limited rainfall and concentrate it on the crop root zone to better increase crop yields.

[0003] The full-film double-ridge furrow sowing technology forms ridges and furrows of varying sizes in the field, and covers the ridges with mulch to form a rain-collecting surface, which collects rainwater into the furrows for crops to absorb and utilize. Because it can significantly increase soil moisture content, increase ground temperature, promote crop growth and development, and increase yield, it has become the main core technology promoted in dry farming areas. However, in production, in order to promote crop germination and improve crop water utilization efficiency, producers generally sow crops in holes in ridges and furrows. However, if it rains after sowing, it will cause large-scale compaction, resulting in difficulty in germination and a sharp increase in seedling release costs. In order to avoid compaction, some producers will sow crops on the ridge surface. However, due to the high ridge surface and the lack of pores in the ridge furrow, the mulch film blocks rainfall from infiltrating the soil, resulting in the inability to fully utilize rainfall, and the soil moisture content in the film is reduced, resulting in difficulty in germination. In addition, when sowing seeds in double furrows with full film, hole sowing is adopted. As the film is pulled up, the sowing holes and seedlings are often misaligned, resulting in a large amount of labor for placing the seedlings, and it is difficult to catch the seedlings if they are not placed. During sowing, since the film mouth is not closed, weed damage is often serious and the cost of weed control is high. When the plants grow, the stems pass through the sowing holes in the film, and the stems are combined with the film, making it difficult to recover the residual film.

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, researchers invented film-side cultivation, that is, laying a ridge with a bow-shaped ridge, and sowing crops on both sides of the ridge (outside the film). Although it achieves the effect of protecting seedlings and water, a large area of ​​the surface between the ridges is exposed, water evaporates quickly, and the ground temperature in the root zone of the crop is reduced, and the purpose of high yield cannot be achieved. In summary, the current full-film double-ridge furrow sowing technology still has many problems such as complex operation, difficulty in simultaneously retaining water and seedlings, easy to cause soil compaction, and low yield.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an efficient cultivation method that can avoid soil compaction, preserve water and seedlings, and increase crop yield has become an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to increase the soil temperature and moisture in the root zone of dryland crops, avoid soil compaction, achieve the goal of eliminating the need to place seedlings and making it easy to grow seedlings, increase crop yield and water use efficiency, and achieve the effect of simplified cultivation, the present invention provides a cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation and high yield, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.

[0007] The present invention provides a method for cultivating dryland crops with high yield and seedling preservation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Land preparation, ridge formation, V-shaped furrows, cover the ridge surface and furrows with a whole sheet of mulch film, making the mulch film fit the ridge surface and furrows;

[0009] Cut the mulch film at the furrow to expose the film-free sowing area at the bottom of the furrow;

[0010] Planting crops in the soil of the film-free sowing area;

[0011] Carry out water, fertilizer and field management for crops.

[0012] Preferably, during the ridge forming, the ridge height is 10 to 15 cm, the ridge width is 20 to 35 cm, and the angle of the "V"-shaped ridge furrow is 100 to 120°.

[0013] Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises applying basal fertilizer according to the season;

[0014] The season includes autumn ploughing or spring ploughing, and the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, when the season is autumn ploughing, the organic fertilizer is applied during land preparation in autumn, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg / mu; the inorganic fertilizer is applied before sowing in the spring of the following year, and the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, the urea application amount is 12-15 kg / mu, the superphosphate application amount is 8-10 kg / mu, and the potassium sulfate application amount is 5-6 kg / mu;

[0016] The time is spring ploughing, and the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied together before spring sowing; the amount of the organic fertilizer is 2500-3500 kg / mu, and the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, the amount of urea is 12-15 kg / mu, the amount of superphosphate is 8-10 kg / mu, and the amount of potassium sulfate is 5-6 kg / mu.

[0017] Preferably, the method of covering the ridge surface and the furrow with a mulch film comprises: covering the entire plot of land with the mulch film, and pressing a heavy object on the mulch film of the furrow to make the mulch film fit the ridge surface and the furrow;

[0018] The heavy object is soil.

[0019] Preferably, after the ground film at the furrow is cut, the widest width of the film-free sowing area formed is 3 to 4 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the land preparation includes deep loosening, soil maturation, harrowing and compacting.

[0021] Preferably, the crop is a dryland crop; the dryland crop includes any one or more of millet, foxtail millet, sorghum and corn.

[0022] The present invention also provides a ridge film cutting device for the high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation as described in any one of the above items, characterized in that the cutting device comprises a fixed arm 1, a furrowing disc 2 and a cutting point 3; the furrowing disc 2 comprises: a first furrowing disc 21 and a second furrowing disc 22;

[0023] The first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 form an angle of 30-40° at the cutting point 3, which is narrow in front and wide in the back;

[0024] One end of the fixed arm is connected to the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 at the same time.

[0025] Preferably, the ridge film cutting device further includes a set bearing box 4, an angle shaft 5, a bearing 6, and a bolt 7;

[0026] An angle shaft 5 is arranged on the fixed arm 1, and the fixed state of the angle shaft 5 on the ditching disc 2 is 60 degrees to the left and 11 degrees to the bottom; the angle shaft 5 is respectively interference fit with the inner sleeve of the bearing 6 in the bearing box 4, and the bearing box 4 is respectively fixed in the groove on the inner side of the middle of the two ditching discs 2 by multiple bolts 7, and the limit of the angle shaft drives the two ditching discs 2 to fit together at the lower front on the left side, and to be separated at the upper wide and lower narrow on the right side.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] The present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation. The present invention can make rainwater flow into the ridges and ditches through the steps of ridge formation, full film covering and shaping V-shaped ridges and ditches, thereby increasing the soil moisture content in the crop sowing area and efficiently utilizing rainwater. Full film covering of the ridge surface can increase the ground temperature of the soil under the ridge, increase the soil moisture content, promote crop germination, inhibit weed growth and reduce weed control input. The present invention sows crops in the non-film area of ​​the V-shaped ditch, avoids seedling placement and makes it easy to catch seedlings, and can also achieve the effect of increasing the number of seedlings preserved, thereby solving the "four major problems" of easy compaction in wave hole sowing ridge and ditch planting, difficulty in seedling emergence due to drought in ridge surface planting, film covering to block rainwater infiltration and large labor requirement for misplaced seedling sowing, thereby improving the crop yield and water use efficiency under the premise of reducing labor input. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a front view of the ridge film cutting device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Wherein, R is the right side of the device, h is the upper side of the device, and d is the lower side of the device;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a side view of the ridge film cutting device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Where α is the downtilt angle of the device;

[0034] Figure 3 A top view of the ridge film cutting device in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Where β is the left tilt angle of the device;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of cutting the ground film in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the planting effect of planting crops in the film-free area at the bottom of the ridge in Example 2 of the present invention, wherein Z is the crop, M is the arched ridge surface, m is a "V"-shaped ridge, H is the ridge height, and L is the ridge width.

[0038] exist Figures 1 to 3 Middle: 1 is the fixed arm, 2 is the ditching disc, 3 is the cutting point, 4 is the set bearing box, 5 is the angle shaft, 6 is the bearing, and 7 is the bolt;

[0039] 21 is the first trenching disc, and 22 is the second trenching disc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention provides a method for cultivating crops with high yield and seedling preservation, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Land preparation, ridge formation, "V"-shaped furrows, covering the ridge surface and furrows with plastic film so that the plastic film fits the ridge surface and furrows; cutting the plastic film at the furrows to obtain a film-free sowing area; planting crops in the soil of the film-free sowing area at the bottom of the furrows; and carrying out water and fertilizer management and field management of crops.

[0042] As an embodiment, the present invention further includes a site selection step before the land preparation; the criteria for the site selection are: avoid continuous cropping of crops and avoid using the same crop land, and select land that has not been sprayed with herbicides or the herbicide has passed the safe interval period; as an embodiment, the land must meet the following conditions: flat terrain, medium to high soil fertility, good drainage, no serious soil-borne diseases, few weeds, and sufficient sunlight.

[0043] The present invention performs land preparation after site selection. As an embodiment, the land preparation described in the present invention includes deep loosening, maturing the soil, harrowing and pressing operations; the land standard obtained after the land preparation is that the ground is flat and the soil particles are fine. As an embodiment, during the land preparation, deep plowing and stubble killing can be carried out after the previous crop is harvested, and the deep plowing depth is 20 to 35 cm. The ridges are evenly and tightly buckled without missing any ploughing, and the mature soil is exposed to the sun to receive rainwater. When it rains, harrow in time, close the mouth to conserve moisture, and press immediately to increase moisture. The land preparation needs to be fine, flat and free of clods and debris. In a specific embodiment, the deep loosening can be carried out by an ISQ-340 all-round deep loosening machine, and the deep loosening depth is 35 cm.

[0044] As an embodiment, the present invention further comprises the step of applying basal fertilizer according to the season before ridge formation during land preparation, wherein the basal fertilizer comprises organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the season comprises autumn ploughing or spring ploughing.

[0045] As an embodiment, when the season is autumn ploughing, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg / mu, which is applied during autumn land preparation. The inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, which are applied before spring sowing. The application amount of urea is 12-15 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate is 8-10 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 5-6 kg / mu. As an embodiment, the application amount of the organic fertilizer can be any one of 3000 kg / mu, 3500 kg / mu and 4000 kg / mu; as an embodiment, the application amount of urea can be any one of 12 kg / mu, 13 kg / mu, 14 kg / mu and 15 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate can be any one of 8 kg / mu, 9 kg / mu and 10 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is any one of 5 kg / mu and 6 kg / mu. In a specific embodiment, when the farming season is autumn, the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3500 kg / mu, the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the urea amount is 13 kg / mu, the superphosphate amount is 9 kg / mu, and the potassium sulfate amount is 6 kg / mu.

[0046] As an embodiment, when the season is spring ploughing, the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied before sowing; the amount of the organic fertilizer is 2500-3500 kg / mu, and the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate, the urea amount is 12-15 kg / mu, the superphosphate amount is 8-10 kg / mu, and the potassium sulfate amount is 5-6 kg / mu. As an embodiment, the application amount of the organic fertilizer can be any one of 2500 kg / mu, 3000 kg / mu and 3500 kg / mu; as an embodiment, the urea amount can be any one of 12 kg / mu, 13 kg / mu, 14 kg / mu and 15 kg / mu, the superphosphate amount can be any one of 8 kg / mu, 9 kg / mu and 10 kg / mu, and the potassium sulfate amount is any one of 5 kg / mu and 6 kg / mu. In a specific embodiment, when the season is spring ploughing, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000 kg / mu, the application amount of urea is 13 kg / mu, the application amount of superphosphate is 9 kg / mu, and the application amount of potassium sulfate is 6 kg / mu.

[0047] As an embodiment, after applying the base fertilizer, the land is ridged before sowing, the ridge surface is arched, the ridge furrows are "V"-shaped, the entire plot is covered with ground film, and heavy objects are pressed on the ground film in the furrows to make the ground film taut and tightly fit the ridge surface and the furrows; as an embodiment, the ridge-forming and film-covering are carried out simultaneously, the ridge surface is arched, the width is 20 to 35 cm, the ridge height is 10 to 15 cm, and the angle of the "V"-shaped furrow is 100 to 120°. As an embodiment, the present invention aims to make the ground film fit tightly to the ridge surface and the ridge ditch, and after covering the film, the ridge surface and the ridge ditch are completely covered by the ground film, and the ground film is an anti-aging, thickened, fully recyclable, and high-toughness ground film; as an embodiment, the width of the ridge surface can be any one of 20cm, 25cm, 30cm, and 35cm; as an embodiment, the width of the ridge surface is adjusted according to the planted crops, the ridge width is reduced for crops that can tolerate dense planting, and the ridge width is increased for crops that cannot tolerate dense planting; as an embodiment, the height of the ridge can be any one of 10cm, 11cm, 12cm, 13cm, 14cm, and 15cm; as an embodiment, the "V"-shaped ridge ditch angle can be any one of 100°, 110°, and 120°; as an embodiment, the weight is: 5 to 6 cm thick soil is pressed on the ground film at the V-shaped ridge ditch as a weight; as an embodiment, the thickness of the anti-aging, thickened, fully recyclable, and high-toughness ground film is ≥0.01mm. The present invention selects the above-mentioned specifications of ground film to better adapt to film covering and recycling after crop planting. If a ground film that is too thin or not resistant to aging is used, it is easy to cause the ground film to be damaged by plant residues during laying, and thus cannot play the role of suppressing weeds on the ridge surface, collecting rainwater on small ridges and raising temperature, and it is difficult to recycle.

[0048] After the mulch film is made to fit the ridge surface and the ridge furrow, the mulch film above the ridge furrow is cut by a ridge furrow mulch film cutting device to obtain a film-free sowing area; as an embodiment, the mulch film is peeled off toward the ridge surface while being cut by the ridge furrow mulch film cutting device, and the soil originally pressed on the mulch film at the ridge furrow will naturally fall and press the edge of the film, so that a film-free sowing area with a width of 3 to 4 cm is formed at the ridge furrow; as an embodiment, the width of the film-free sowing area can be any one of 3 cm, 3.5 cm and 4 cm; in a specific embodiment, the mulch film at the lowest point on the ridge furrow is cut by the ridge furrow mulch film cutting device to form a film-free sowing area with a width of 4 cm.

[0049] After obtaining the film-free sowing area, the present invention plants crops in the soil at the bottom of the furrow. As an embodiment, the step of exposing the seeds to sunlight 1 to 2 days before sowing is also included before planting the crops in the soil at the bottom of the furrow; as an embodiment, the step of dressing the seeds before exposing the seeds to sunlight is also included, and the seeds are dressed with insecticides and fungicides, and the fungicide is any one of 80% carbendazim wettable powder or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, and the insecticide is any one of 80% imidacloprid wettable powder or 50% phoxim emulsion. As an embodiment, the planting of crops in the soil at the bottom of the furrow is carried out using a rolling seeder. Sunlight exposure of seeds has the effects of promoting seed after-ripening, increasing enzyme activity, reducing the content of germination-inhibiting substances in seeds, increasing germination rate and sterilization; sowing in the film-free sowing area can make it possible to avoid the need to release seedlings without the obstruction of mulch film when seedlings emerge, and rainwater flows into the "V"-shaped furrow through the ridge surface and infiltrates into the soil without the obstruction of mulch film when it rains. As an embodiment, the crop of the present invention is a dryland crop; as an embodiment, the dryland crop of the present invention can be any one of millet, sorghum, and corn; as an embodiment, the millet, sorghum, and corn of the present invention are varieties with strong stress resistance and high yield, and the seed purity is not less than 90% and the cleanliness is not less than 85%; as an embodiment, the millet of the present invention can be japonica millet or glutinous millet; as an embodiment, the japonica millet can be any one of Gumi No. 21, Ningmi No. 14, and Longmi No. 10; as an embodiment, the glutinous millet can be any one of Gumi No. 22, Yushu No. 1, and Neimi No. 8. As an embodiment, the time for planting millet in the soil at the bottom of the ridge is when the soil temperature at 0 to 20 cm is stable above 10°C; as an embodiment, the sowing rate of millet per mu of the present invention is 1.0 to 1.5 kg; as an embodiment, the sowing depth of millet is 4 to 5 cm, and the sowing rate and depth are increased during the dry period, and vice versa when there is a lot of rain. In a specific embodiment, the seeds are exposed to sunlight 2 days before the crops are planted in the soil at the bottom of the ridge, the seeds are mixed with insecticides and fungicides, the fungicide is 80% carbendazim wettable powder, and the insecticide is 80% imidacloprid wettable powder. The coated seeds are sown at the bottom of the ridge using a rolling seeder, with a sowing distance of 10 cm. The crop is millet, which is japonica millet solid millet No. 21. It is sown when the ground temperature of the soil at 0-20 cm is stable at 10°C, the millet seed sowing rate per mu is 1.0 kg, and the sowing depth is 4 cm.

[0050] After the crops are planted in the soil at the bottom of the ridge, the present invention also performs water and fertilizer management and field management steps on the crops. As an embodiment, the field management includes the prevention and control of diseases, insect pests and bird pests. As an embodiment, the diseases can be rust, the insect pests can be aphids and armyworms, and the bird pests can be sparrows; in a specific embodiment, 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate and 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed once on the whole seedlings during the seedling stage, and 20% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate and 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed once before heading, and the dosage is strictly in accordance with the instructions for use; bird-proof nets can be set up for small areas of sparrows, and artificial, colored strips, scarecrows or bird repellents can be used to drive away large areas.

[0051] As an implementation mode, after the water and fertilizer management and field management of the crops, the present invention further comprises the step of harvesting the crops when they are mature. In a specific embodiment, when the crops are millet, because the maturity periods of the upper, middle and lower grains of millet are inconsistent, the harvesting standard of millet is: when more than 80% of the millet ears in the field have hard grains that can be scratched with fingernails, the green color of the seed coat disappears and becomes shiny, the seed coat turns yellow, but the stems and leaves are green and light green respectively.

[0052] The present invention also discloses a ridge film cutting device for a high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation as described above, wherein the cutting device comprises a fixed arm 1, a ditching plate 2, a cutting point 3, a set bearing box 4, an angle shaft 5, a bearing 6, and a bolt 7; the ditching plate comprises a first ditching plate 21 and a second ditching plate 22.

[0053] As an embodiment, the fixed arm 1 is fixedly connected to the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22, and an angle shaft 5 is arranged on the fixed arm. The angle shaft 5 is fixed on the first trenching disc 21 or the second trenching disc 22 at a left tilt of 60 degrees and a downward tilt of 11 degrees. Figure 2 As shown in (α), the downtilt angle is Figure 3 Middle (shown in β);

[0054] The angle shaft 5 is interference fit into the inner sleeve of the bearing 6 in the bearing box 4, so that the ditching disc can rotate when the cutting device is pushed;

[0055] The bearing box 4 is fixed in the grooves on the inner side of the middle of the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 by multiple bolts 7. The limiting of the angle axis drives the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 to fit together at the cutting point 3, and the right side (R) is separated by being wider at the top (h) and narrower at the bottom (d), so that the two trenching discs form a fixed angle of 30 to 40° with the front narrow and the back wide.

[0056] The present invention also provides the working principle of the ridge film cutting device: when cutting the ridge film, the operator holds the fixed arm 1 and pushes the ridge film cutting device forward along the lowest point of the "V" ridge, and the ditching disc 2 can be driven to rotate through the bearing 6. The ditching disc 2 forms an angle at the cutting point 3. Therefore, when the two ditching discs 2 are driven to rotate, the film can be cut through the cutting point 3. The ditching discs on both sides of the cutting point 3 can press the cut film edge to the ridge surface, and during cutting, the soil pressed on the ridge film will naturally fall into the cut ridge, pressing the cut film edge while forming a 3-4 cm ridge film-free sowing area.

[0057] The present invention also discloses a method for using the ridge film cutting device, comprising the following steps:

[0058] Hold the fixed arm of the furrow mulch cutting device and push the cutting device forward along the bottom of the furrow.

[0059] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials involved in the present invention are all commercially available, and the methods involved in the present invention are all conventional operations in the art, which can be confirmed by those skilled in the art according to the prior art in the art. The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A ridge film cutting device, the structure of which is as follows Figure 1 As shown, it consists of the following structure:

[0062] The cutting device is composed of a fixed arm 1 and a trenching disc 2;

[0063] The trenching disc comprises a first trenching disc 21 and a second trenching disc 22;

[0064] The fixed arm 1 is fixedly connected to the two trenching discs 2, and an angle shaft 5 is arranged on the fixed arm. The fixed state of the angle shaft 5 on the first trenching disc 21 or the second trenching disc 22 is 60 degrees to the left and 11 degrees to the bottom. The angle shaft 5 is respectively interference fit with the inner sleeve of the bearing 6 in the bearing box 4, and the bearing box 4 is respectively fixed in the groove on the inner side of the middle of the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 by a plurality of bolts 7. The limiting position of the angle shaft drives the first trenching disc 21 and the second trenching disc 22 to fit at the cutting point 3 at the lower front left side, and the right side is separated into a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, forming a 30° cutting point 3 which is narrow in front and wide in the back.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] A method for cultivating dryland crops to maintain seedlings and increase yields, comprising the following steps:

[0067] 1. Site selection and land preparation

[0068] Choose land with flat terrain, medium to high soil fertility, good drainage, no serious soil-borne diseases, few weeds, and sufficient sunlight. The previous crop is corn. The sowing crop is millet. After the corn is mechanically harvested in autumn, all the stubble and straw are removed. Use ISQ-340 all-round deep tiller to deep till the soil to a depth of 35cm, accept precipitation, mature the soil, harrow and collect moisture, and press it down. Ensure that the ground is flat and the soil particles are fine before mulching and sowing.

[0069] 2. Apply heavy basal fertilizer

[0070] Before covering the film in spring, evenly spread the base fertilizer at one time, 2500kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of urea, 8kg of superphosphate and 5kg of potassium chloride per mu.

[0071] 3. Variety selection

[0072] We selected the local main japonica millet variety, Gumi No. 21, which has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality. It was required to meet the requirements of good varieties, with a purity and clarity of more than 98%, a germination rate of more than 95%, and a moisture content of less than 13%.

[0073] 4. Seed treatment

[0074] Dry the selected seeds 1 day before sowing.

[0075] 5. Mulch selection

[0076] Choose white biodegradable mulch with a thickness of 0.007mm and a usage of 8.5kg per mu.

[0077] 6. Ridge making, seedbed arrangement and sowing

[0078] When the average ground temperature at 10cm is above 10℃ in mid-May, sow in time. The sowing amount per mu is 1.8kg.

[0079] The high-yield cultivation method of dryland crops is adopted. The ridge surface is 20 cm wide, arched, and 8 cm high. A row of millet is planted in the furrow between two ridges. Riding and film covering are combined. The ridge is arched, and there is no debris or large clods on the ridge surface. The soil is compacted 5 cm in the furrow to make the film close to the ridge surface and the furrow. After ridge forming and film covering, the film is cut in the middle of the furrow with a self-made ridge and furrow film cutting device. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, when the ridge and furrow film cutting device cuts the film, the film will be automatically peeled off toward the ridge surface to form a film-free sowing furrow because the film is small in the front and large in the back. When sowing, the millet is sown in the "V"-shaped furrow where the film is cut and peeled off with a rolling seeder. The sowing depth is 4cm. Figure 4 shown.

[0080] 7. Field management

[0081] During the period of 4-7 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted. When transplanting, it is important to remove diseased, small, weak and weedy seedlings. The seedling density is 70,000 plants / mu. During the growth period, weeding and weeding are carried out twice. The first time is done manually at the stage of 4-7 leaves combined with thinning or transplanting. The second time can be done with a cultivator after jointing and before ridge closing.

[0082] Pest and disease control: Spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 1.8wt% avermectin EC during the seedling stage; spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 4.5wt% high-efficiency cypermethrin EC before heading. The dosage should be strictly according to the instructions.

[0083] Bird control: Build bird-proof nets during the mature period to prevent damage from sparrows.

[0084] 8. Harvest at the right time

[0085] Most of the seeds of millet ears are hard and can be scratched by fingernails. The green color of the seed coat disappears and becomes shiny, and the capillary turns yellow. However, the harvest is best when the stems and leaves are green and light green respectively.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] A method for cultivating dryland crops with high yield and seedling preservation comprises the following steps:

[0088] 1. Site selection and land preparation

[0089] Choose land with flat terrain, medium to high soil fertility, good drainage, no serious soil-borne diseases, few weeds, and sufficient sunlight. The previous crop is potato. After the previous crop is harvested, remove all straw and use ISQ-340 all-round deep tiller to deep till the soil to a depth of 35cm. Collect precipitation, mature the soil, harrow and collect moisture, and compact it. Ensure that the ground is flat and the soil particles are fine before mulching and sowing.

[0090] 2. Apply heavy basal fertilizer

[0091] In spring, apply 3500kg of organic fertilizer, 13kg of urea, 9kg of superphosphate and 6.0kg of potassium chloride per mu.

[0092] 3. Variety selection

[0093] We chose Neimi No. 5, a new japonica millet variety introduced in recent years with wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality. It was required to meet the requirements of good varieties, with a purity and cleanliness of more than 98%, a germination rate of more than 95%, and a moisture content of less than 13%.

[0094] 4. Seed treatment

[0095] The selected seeds were dried in the sun 2 days before sowing. After drying, the seeds were mixed with 80wt% carbendazim wettable powder to prevent smut, and 80wt% imidacloprid wettable powder to prevent underground pests. The dosage was strictly according to the instructions.

[0096] 5. Mulch selection

[0097] Choose white ordinary biodegradable mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm and a usage of 9kg per mu.

[0098] 6. Ridge making, seedbed arrangement and sowing

[0099] When the average ground temperature at 10cm is above 10℃ in mid-May, sow in time. The sowing amount per mu is 1.8kg.

[0100] A high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops is adopted. The ridge surface is 25 cm wide and arched, and the ridge height is 10 cm. A row of millet is planted in the ridge ditch between the two ridges. Riding and film covering should be carried out together. The ridge is arched, and there is no debris and large clods on the ridge surface. The soil is compacted 5 cm in the ridge ditch to make the film close to the ridge surface and the ridge ditch. After ridge forming and film covering, the film is cut in the middle of the ridge ditch with a homemade film cutting device. When the film cutting device cuts the film, it will automatically peel off the film toward the ridge surface to form a film-free sowing ditch because it is small in front and large in the back. When sowing, use a rolling seeder to sow millet in the "V"-shaped ditch where the film is cut and peeled off. The sowing depth is 4.5 cm.

[0101] 7. Field management

[0102] During the period of 4-7 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted. When transplanting, it is important to remove diseased, small, weak and weedy seedlings. The seedling density is 70,000 plants / mu. During the growth period, weeding and weeding are carried out twice. The first time is done manually at the stage of 4-7 leaves combined with thinning or transplanting. The second time can be done with a cultivator after jointing and before ridge closing.

[0103] Pest and disease control: Spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 1.8wt% avermectin EC during the seedling stage; spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 4.5wt% high-efficiency cypermethrin EC before heading. The dosage should be strictly according to the instructions.

[0104] Bird control: Build bird-proof nets during the mature period to prevent damage from sparrows.

[0105] 8. Harvest at the right time

[0106] Most of the seeds of millet ears are hard and can be scratched by fingernails. The green color of the seed coat disappears and becomes shiny, and the capillary turns yellow. However, the harvest is best when the stems and leaves are green and light green respectively.

[0107] Example 4

[0108] A method for cultivating dryland crops to maintain seedlings and increase yields, comprising the following steps:

[0109] 1. Site selection and land preparation

[0110] Choose land with flat terrain, medium to high soil fertility, good drainage, no serious soil-borne diseases, few weeds, and sufficient sunlight. The previous crop is millet. After the millet mechanical harvest in autumn, all the stubble and straw are removed. Use ISQ-340 all-round deep tiller to deep till the soil to a depth of 35cm, accept precipitation, mature the soil, harrow and collect moisture, and press it down. Ensure that the ground is flat and the soil particles are fine before mulching and sowing.

[0111] 2. Apply heavy basal fertilizer

[0112] When weeding in autumn, apply 3500 kg of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure at one time. Before sowing in spring, apply 13 kg of urea, 9 kg of superphosphate, and 6.0 kg of potassium chloride per mu.

[0113] 3. Variety selection

[0114] Select the main glutinous millet variety - Gumi No. 21, which has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality. It is required to meet the requirements of good varieties, with purity and cleanliness above 98%, germination rate above 95%, and moisture content below 13%.

[0115] 4. Seed treatment

[0116] The selected seeds were dried in the sun 2 days before sowing. After drying, the seeds were mixed with 50wt% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to prevent smut, and 50wt% phoxim emulsion to prevent underground pests.

[0117] 5. Mulch selection

[0118] Choose high-toughness fully recyclable mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm, and the usage per mu is 9kg.

[0119] 6. Ridge making, seedbed arrangement and sowing

[0120] When the average ground temperature at 10cm is above 10℃ in mid-May, sow in time. The sowing amount per mu is 1.8kg.

[0121] A high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops is adopted. The ridge surface is 30 cm wide, arched, and 12 cm high. A row of millet is planted in the furrow between two ridges. Riding and film covering should be carried out together. The ridge is arched, and there is no debris or large clods on the ridge surface. The soil is compacted 6 cm in the furrow to make the film close to the ridge surface and the furrow. After ridge forming and film covering, the film is cut in the middle of the ridge furrow with a homemade film cutting device. When the film cutting device cuts the film, it will automatically peel off the film toward the ridge surface to form a film-free sowing furrow because it is small in front and large in the back. When sowing, use a rolling seeder to sow millet in the "V"-shaped furrow where the film is cut and peeled off. The sowing depth is 5 cm.

[0122] 7. Field management

[0123] During the period of 4-7 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted. When transplanting, it is important to remove diseased, small, weak and weedy seedlings. The seedling density is 70,000 plants / mu. During the growth period, weeding and weeding are carried out twice. The first time is done manually at the stage of 4-7 leaves combined with thinning or transplanting. The second time can be done with a cultivator after jointing and before ridge closing.

[0124] Pest and disease control: Spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 1.8wt% avermectin EC during the seedling stage; spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 4.5wt% high-efficiency cypermethrin EC before heading. The dosage should be strictly according to the instructions.

[0125] Bird control: Build bird-proof nets during the mature period to prevent damage from sparrows.

[0126] 8. Harvest at the right time

[0127] Most of the seeds of millet ears are hard and can be scratched by fingernails. The green color of the seed coat disappears and becomes shiny, and the capillary turns yellow. However, the harvest is best when the stems and leaves are green and light green respectively.

[0128] Example 5

[0129] A method for cultivating dryland crops to maintain seedlings and increase yields, comprising the following steps:

[0130] 1. Site selection and land preparation

[0131] Choose land with flat terrain, medium to high soil fertility, good drainage, no serious soil-borne diseases, few weeds, and sufficient sunlight. The previous crop is millet. After the millet mechanical harvest in autumn, all the stubble and straw are removed. Use ISQ-340 all-round deep tiller to deep till the soil to a depth of 35cm, accept precipitation, mature the soil, harrow and collect moisture, and press it down. Ensure that the ground is flat and the soil particles are fine before mulching and sowing.

[0132] 2. Apply heavy basal fertilizer

[0133] When finishing the crops in autumn, apply 4000kg / mu of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, 15kg / mu of urea, 8g / mu of superphosphate, and 5.0kg / mu of potassium sulfate at one time to reduce moisture loss caused by ploughing and fertilization in spring.

[0134] 3. Variety selection

[0135] Select the main glutinous millet variety - Gumi No. 21, which has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and good quality. It is required to meet the requirements of good varieties, with purity and cleanliness above 98%, germination rate above 95%, and moisture content below 13%.

[0136] 4. Seed treatment

[0137] One day before sowing, the selected seeds should be dried in the sun. After drying, the seeds should be mixed with 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder to prevent smut, and 50% phoxim emulsion to prevent underground pests.

[0138] 5. Mulch selection

[0139] Choose high-toughness fully recyclable mulch with a thickness of 0.01mm, and the usage per mu is 9kg.

[0140] 6. Ridge making, seedbed arrangement and sowing

[0141] When the average ground temperature at 10cm is above 10℃ in mid-May, sow in time. The sowing amount per mu is 1.8kg.

[0142] A high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops is adopted. The ridge surface is 20 cm wide and arched, and the ridge height is 10 cm. A row of millet is planted in the ridge ditch between the two ridges. Riding and film covering should be carried out together. The ridge is arched, and there is no debris and large clods on the ridge surface. The soil is compacted 6 cm in the ridge ditch to make the film close to the ridge surface and the ridge ditch. After ridge forming and film covering, the film is cut in the middle of the ridge ditch with a homemade film cutting device. When the film cutting device cuts the film, it will automatically peel off the film toward the ridge surface to form a film-free sowing ditch because it is small in front and large in the back. When sowing, use a rolling seeder to sow millet in the "V"-shaped ditch where the film is cut and peeled off. The sowing depth is 5 cm.

[0143] 7. Field management

[0144] During the period of 4-7 leaves, the seedlings are transplanted. When transplanting, it is important to remove diseased, small, weak and weedy seedlings. The seedling density is 70,000 plants / mu. During the growth period, weeding and weeding are carried out twice. The first time is done manually at the stage of 4-7 leaves combined with thinning or transplanting. The second time can be done with a cultivator after jointing and before ridge closing.

[0145] Pest and disease control: Spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 1.8wt% avermectin EC during the seedling stage; spray the whole seedlings once with 20wt% imidacloprid EC and 4.5wt% high-efficiency cypermethrin EC before heading. The dosage should be strictly according to the instructions.

[0146] Bird control: Build bird-proof nets during the mature period to prevent damage from sparrows.

[0147] 8. Harvest at the right time

[0148] Most of the seeds of millet ears are hard and can be scratched by fingernails. The green color of the seed coat disappears and becomes shiny, and the capillary turns yellow. However, the harvest is best when the stems and leaves are green and light green respectively.

[0149] Example 6

[0150] Experiments on different cultivation modes were set up to study the effects of different cultivation modes on the growth, development, yield and field weeds of millet. The millet variety used was Gumi No. 21.

[0151] This experiment was conducted in Wangtang Village, Jiatang Township, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Six different cultivation patterns were set up, each with three replicates, and arranged in random blocks. The experimental plot area was 40.0 m 2 (8m×5m), with a buffer zone of 1.0m between plots. The previous crop of the test plot was corn. After the previous corn was harvested, the plot was prepared. Before ridge-making and film-covering in spring, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were spread on the surface and turned into 0-20cm soil with a rotary tiller and then rolled to conserve moisture. On April 28, different cultivation mode experiments were arranged, and other field management measures were consistent with Example 5.

[0152] Control group (CK1): conventional cultivation mode was adopted for open field sowing, and the sowing was directly carried out with a drill, and the row spacing was adjusted to 25 cm, and the seeds were sown according to the seedling yield of 70,000 plants per mu;

[0153] Comparative Example 1: Wave-type hole sowing with water-permeable mulch: A white water-permeable mulch with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.007 mm was selected; the 2BMK-1 / 3 film-laying seeder was used for film covering. Three furrows were opened under the film during film covering, and the distance between the furrows was set to 25 cm, leaving 30-40 cm of open ground between the two ridges. After film covering, a hand-push rolling seeder was used for hole sowing in the furrows, with a sowing depth of 4.5 cm, and the depth was consistent. Seeds were sown according to the seeding volume of 70,000 plants per mu.

[0154] Comparative Example 2: Wave-type hole seeding with ordinary mulch film: A white ordinary mulch film with a width of 120 cm and a thickness of 0.01 mm was selected. The covering, sowing method and sowing amount were all consistent with the wave-type hole seeding with permeable mulch film.

[0155] Comparative Example 3: Typical mode of full-film double-ridge furrow sowing: 1MLQ-40 / 70 full-film double-ridge furrow ridge-laying and spraying combined operation machine was used for ridge-laying, and the mulch film with a thickness of 0.01mm and a width of 120cm was selected. The small ridge width of the mulch film was 40cm, the small ridge height was 12cm, the large ridge width was 70cm, and the large ridge height was 13cm. After mulching, the ridge furrow and the junction of the mulch film were sown with a hand-push rolling seeder, the sowing depth was 4.5cm, the depth was consistent, and the seeds were sown according to the seeding volume of 70,000 plants per mu.

[0156] Comparative Example 4: Film side furrow seeding: Use a 40cm wide film, 25cm wide ridge surface, 25cm wide furrow, 10cm high ridge, and plant a row of millet on both sides of the film; Ridge and film covering are carried out simultaneously, the ridge is arched, there is no plant residues or other debris on the ridge surface, no large clods, and the soil on both sides of the film is pressed 5cm to make it close to the ridge surface. When the film covering ridging machine starts, the film head should be pressed tightly, the walking speed should be slow and even, the sowing depth should be 4.5cm, the depth should be consistent, the strip width should be consistent, and the seeds should be sown according to the seeding volume of 70,000 plants per mu.

[0157] Experimental example: High-yield cultivation of dryland crops with seedling preservation: Use a 120cm wide, 0.01mm thick mulch film, first build ridges, then cover with film, the ridge surface is 25cm wide and arched, with no large clods and plant residues on the surface, and use a sharp hoe to hook the ridge furrow into a "V" shape with a height of 10cm. After the ridge furrow and ridge surface are arranged, the three ridge surfaces and four "V"-shaped furrows are covered with a 120cm wide, 0.01mm thick mulch film, and the inner film of the ridge furrow is covered with 5cm thick soil; after compacting the soil, use a homemade ridge mulch film cutting device to cut the film at the "V"-shaped furrow, and after cutting, use a hand-push rolling seeder to sow in holes, with a sowing depth of 4.5cm, and the depth is consistent. Adjust the amount of seeds per hole, and sow seeds according to the seeding rate of 70,000 seedlings per mu.

[0158] After sowing according to the above method, when the millet grows more than 5 leaves in early June, randomly select 1m 2 The number of millet seedlings and the fresh weight of weeds were measured in the plots. When the millet matured, 10 millet plants were randomly selected from each plot to measure plant height, stem diameter and 1000-grain weight. 2 The number of ears per mu was determined in the plots; millet was harvested in the plots for yield measurement. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0159] Table 1 Effects of different cultivation modes on the growth and development of millet and field weeds

[0160]

[0161] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0162] According to the results in Table 1, the high-yield cultivation of dryland crops can not only inhibit the growth of weeds in the field, but also increase the moisture content of the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil. Among all the treatments, the field weeds in the experimental example of millet cultivation were the least, with a reduction of 70.1% to 227.6% compared with other treatments; the moisture content of the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil was increased by 8.3% to 34.5% and 7.0% to 35.2% respectively compared with other groups.

[0163] Table 2 Effects of different cultivation modes on millet yield

[0164]

[0165] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0166] High soil moisture content can promote crop growth. According to the results in Table 2, the plant height and stem thickness of the experimental example are 93.2% and 4.6% higher than those of the control group, respectively. Since the experimental example plants crops in the ridges without film, and there is no mulch film covering the planting area, there will be a high number of seedlings even if no seedlings are placed. When the seeding is placed at 70,000 per mu, there can be 82,000 seedlings (including tillers) per mu, which meets the production demand for seedlings (65,000 to 85,000 per mu). Similarly, under the condition of 70,000 seedlings per mu, comparative example 3 adopts the typical planting mode of full film double ridge furrow sowing. When no seedlings are placed, there are only 61,000 seedlings per mu, which is 25.6% less than the experimental example. Therefore, high-yield cultivation of dryland crops with seeding preservation is a better seedling preservation and simplified cultivation mode without seedling placement. In terms of yield, film residue recovery rate and labor, the yield and film residue recovery rate of millet in the experimental case were the highest among all treatments, with increases of 16.3% to 77.6% and 7.4% to 29.8% respectively compared with other cultivation modes; however, the labor was reduced by 10.4% to 43.8%. In summary, high-yield cultivation of dryland crops can avoid seedlings, effectively inhibit field weeds, increase rhizosphere soil moisture content, promote millet growth, significantly increase millet yield and film residue recovery rate, and obtain better economic benefits, with excellent promotion prospects.

[0167] Example 7

[0168] Experiments were set up on different crops using conventional cultivation patterns and high-yield cultivation of dryland crops to study their effects on seedling preservation, yield increase and weed suppression on other dryland crops.

[0169] The implementation area of ​​this experiment is the same as that of Example 6, which is Wangtang Village, Jiatang Township, Haiyuan County, Zhongwei City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Millet, sorghum and corn, which often need to be cultivated on dry land, are used as materials, and the conventional cultivation mode of millet, sorghum and corn is used as a control to compare the seedling protection, yield increase and weed suppression effects of conventional cultivation and seedling protection and high-yield cultivation of each crop. The experiment set up 6 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the random block group was arranged. The experimental plot area is 20.0m 2 (4m×5m), with a buffer zone of 1.0m between plots. The previous crop of the test plot was potato. After the previous potato was harvested, the land was prepared. Before ridge-making and film-covering in spring, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer were spread on the surface and turned into 0-20cm soil with a rotary tiller and then rolled to conserve moisture. The test was arranged on April 28, and other field management measures were consistent with those in Example 5.

[0170] Millet control group 1 (CK1): Ordinary mulch film wave-type hole sowing: select ordinary white mulch with a width of 120cm and a thickness of 0.01mm; use 2BMK-1 / 3 film-laying seeder to cover the film, open three furrows under the film, set the distance between the furrows to 35cm, and leave 30-40cm of open ground between the two ridges. After covering the film, use a hand-push rolling seeder to sow holes in the furrows, with a sowing depth of 4.5cm, and the depth is consistent. Seeds are sown according to the seeding volume of 10,000 plants per mu.

[0171] Millet Experimental Example: High-yield Cultivation of Dryland Crops with Seedling Protection: Use a 120cm wide, 0.01mm thick mulch film, first build ridges, then cover with film, the ridge surface is 35cm wide and arched, with no large clods and plant residues on the surface, and use a sharp hoe to hook the ridge furrow into a "V" shape with a height of 8cm. After the ridge furrows and ridge surfaces are arranged, the three ridge surfaces and four "V"-shaped furrows are covered with a 120cm wide, 0.01mm thick mulch film, and the ridge furrow film is covered with 6cm thick soil; after compacting the soil, use a homemade ridge mulch film cutting device to cut the film at the "V"-shaped furrow. After cutting, use a hand-push rolling seeder to sow millet in the film-free sowing area after the ridge furrow is cut. The sowing depth is 4.5cm, and the depth is consistent. Adjust the amount of seeds per hole according to the seeding rate of 10,000 plants per mu.

[0172] Sorghum control group 2 (CK3): ordinary mulch film wave hole sowing: the sowing amount is 7,000 plants / mu, the selection of mulch film, mulching and sowing methods are the same as those of millet control group 1.

[0173] Sorghum Experimental Example: Dryland Cultivation of Crops with Seedling Protection and High Yield: The sowing rate was the same as that of the sorghum control group 2. Other film covering, sowing and sowing methods were the same as those of the millet experimental example.

[0174] Corn control group 3 (CK3): ordinary mulch film wave hole sowing: the sowing amount is 5,000 plants / mu, the selection of mulch film, mulching and sowing methods are the same as those of millet control group 1.

[0175] Corn Experimental Example: Dryland Crop Seedling Protection and High-yield Cultivation: The sowing amount is the same as that of the corn control group 3. Other film covering, sowing and sowing methods are the same as those of the millet experimental example.

[0176] After sowing according to the above method, when each crop grows to 5 leaves and 1 heart in early June, randomly select 1m 2 The number of seedlings of each crop and the fresh weight of weeds were measured in the plots. When the crops were mature, 10 plants were randomly selected from each plot to measure plant height, stem diameter and 1000-grain weight. 2 The number of ears per mu was measured in the plots; the crops in the plots were harvested and the yield was measured. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0177] Table 3 Effects of seedling-protecting and high-yield cultivation on the growth and development of different crops and field weeds

[0178]

[0179] Note: Different lowercase letters after the same crop data in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0180] According to Table 3, high-yield cultivation of dryland crops can not only increase the soil moisture content at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, but also inhibit the growth of weeds in the field. Compared with conventional cultivation, the 0-20 cm moisture content of millet, sorghum and corn experimental cultivation increased by 7.9%, 14.9% and 7.7% (P<0.05), and the 20-40 cm moisture content also increased by 11.4%, 8.9% and 4.4% (P<0.05), but the amount of weeds in the field decreased by 42.1%, 41.8% and 21.5% (P<0.05). High soil moisture promotes the growth of crops. The experiment found that the plant height, stem diameter and 1000-grain weight of millet in the example were 4.0%, 10.4% and 20.2% higher than those in conventional cultivation, respectively (P<0.05), sorghum were 3.1%, 9.1% and 5.9% higher than those in conventional cultivation (P<0.05), and corn were also 5.8%, 3.2% and 5.2% higher than those in conventional cultivation (P<0.05). Since the millet, sorghum and corn cultivated with seedling preservation and high yield in the embodiment are planted in the non-film-covered area of ​​the ridge, they will not be blocked by the mulch film when emerging, and more than 98% of the sown seeds can emerge. The number of seedlings per mu without seedlings has reached 9,800, 6,900 and 4,900 plants, which meets the requirements of 8,000 to 10,000 plants, 6,000 to 8,000 plants and 4,000 to 5,000 plants for the cultivation of millet, sorghum and corn, but the number of seedlings per mu without seedlings in conventional cultivation is only 4,100, 2,100 and 1,500 plants, which is only 41.8%, 30.4% and 30.6% of the high-yield cultivation of dryland crops. It shows that the high-yield cultivation of dryland crops with seedling preservation and high yield can not only improve the soil moisture content, but also promote crop growth, and is an efficient seedling preservation technology that effectively inhibits field weeds without seedlings.

[0181] Table 4 Effect of seedling-protecting high-yield cultivation on increasing yield and income of different crops

[0182]

[0183] Note: Different lowercase letters after the same crop data in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

[0184] In terms of yield, residual film recovery rate and labor, the yield and residual film recovery rate of millet, sorghum and corn in the experimental seedling-preserving and high-yield cultivation were higher than those in the conventional cultivation control group. Compared with conventional cultivation, the yield increased by 9.6% to 31.8% (P<0.05), and the residual film recovery rate increased by 9.8% to 25.7% (P<0.05), but the labor force decreased by 21.7% to 26.2% (P<0.05).

[0185] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the high-yield cultivation of dryland crops in the present invention can avoid the need to release seedlings, can effectively inhibit field weeds, increase the moisture content of rhizosphere soil, promote the growth of dryland crops such as millet, foxtail millet, sorghum and corn, significantly increase crop yield and residual film recovery rate, can obtain better economic benefits, and has excellent promotion prospects.

[0186] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating dryland crops with high yield and seedling preservation. It is characterized in that The steps include: Land preparation, ridge formation, "V"-shaped furrows, cover the ridge surface and furrows with a whole sheet of mulch film, making the mulch film fit the ridge surface and furrows; Cut the mulch film at the furrow to expose the film-free sowing area at the bottom of the furrow; Planting crops in the soil of the film-free sowing area; Carry out water and fertilizer management and field management for crops.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that During the ridge-forming process, the ridge height is 10-15 cm, the ridge width is 20-35 cm, and the angle of the "V"-shaped ridge furrow is 100-120°.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The cultivation method further comprises applying basal fertilizer according to the season; The season includes autumn ploughing or spring ploughing, and the base fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that When the season is autumn ploughing, the organic fertilizer is applied during land preparation in autumn, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg / mu; the inorganic fertilizer is applied before sowing in the spring of the following year, and the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, the urea application amount is 12-15 kg / mu, the superphosphate application amount is 8-10 kg / mu, and the potassium sulfate application amount is 5-6 kg / mu; The time is spring ploughing, and the organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied together before spring sowing; the amount of the organic fertilizer is 2500-3500 kg / mu, and the inorganic fertilizer includes urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, the amount of urea is 12-15 kg / mu, the amount of superphosphate is 8-10 kg / mu, and the amount of potassium sulfate is 5-6 kg / mu.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Covering the ridge surface and the furrow with the mulch film includes: covering the entire plot with the mulch film, pressing a heavy object on the mulch film in the furrow to make the mulch film fit the ridge surface and the furrow; The heavy object is soil.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that After the ground film at the furrow is cut, the width of the film-free sowing area formed is 3 to 4 cm.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The land preparation includes deep tillage, soil aging, harrowing and compaction.

8. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that The crops are dryland crops; the dryland crops include any one or more of millet, foxtail millet, sorghum and corn.

9. The ridge film cutting device for the high-yield cultivation method for dryland crops with seedling preservation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, It is characterized in that The cutting device comprises a fixed arm (1), a furrowing disc (2) and a cutting point (3); the furrowing disc (2) comprises: a first furrowing disc (21) and a second furrowing disc (22); The first trenching disc (21) and the second trenching disc (22) form an angle of 30 to 40 degrees at the cutting point (3), which is narrow at the front and wide at the back; One end of the fixed arm is connected to the first trenching disc (21) and the second trenching disc (22) at the same time.

10. The ridge film cutting device according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The ridge film cutting device also includes a set bearing box (4), an angle shaft (5), a bearing (6), and a bolt (7); An angle shaft (5) is arranged on the fixed arm (1), and the fixed state of the angle shaft (5) on the ditching disc (2) is 60 degrees to the left and 11 degrees to the bottom; the angle shaft (5) is respectively fitted with the inner sleeve of the bearing (6) in the bearing box (4), and the bearing box (4) is respectively fixed in the groove on the inner side of the middle of the two ditching discs (2) by a plurality of bolts (7), and the limiting position of the angle shaft drives the two ditching discs (2) to fit together at the lower front of the left side and to separate at the upper wide and lower narrow side of the right side.

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