Simulation test device and method for thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of battery in energy storage cabinet

Abstract

The invention provides an energy storage cabinet battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device and method.The device comprises an energy storage cabinet model, a gas distribution system, an ignition system, an explosion venting device, a data acquisition system and a control system.The energy storage cabinet model comprises a cabinet body model, a battery module model and an electrical module model; the battery module model is provided with a gas discharge port, and the cabinet body model is provided with an explosion venting port; the gas distribution system comprises a gas storage bottle, a premixer, a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the gas storage bottle is connected with the premixer through the first pipeline, and the premixer is connected with the gas exhaust port through the second pipeline. The explosion venting device comprises a plurality of explosion venting panels with adjustable parameters, and the explosion venting panels are connected with the explosion venting opening. The simulation of the diffusion behavior of the thermal runaway gas in the energy storage cabinet under the variable, controllable and adjustable conditions of parameters such as the thermal runaway gas proportion, the spraying position, the spraying pressure and the flow can be realized, and the simulation of explosion and explosion venting in a non-uniform concentration environment formed by gas diffusion can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of battery thermal runaway and explosion testing, and in particular, relates to a device and method for simulating a test of thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of a battery in an energy storage cabinet. Background Art

[0002] Under the "dual carbon" strategic goal, the scale of electrochemical energy storage, mainly lithium-ion batteries, has continued to increase, especially industrial and commercial energy storage, which has entered a stage of rapid development in recent years.

[0003] However, as the industry develops rapidly, the safety issues caused by battery thermal runaway are becoming increasingly serious. At present, my country's energy storage mainly uses lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries with a capacity of more than 280Ah. LFP batteries generally do not produce flames after thermal runaway, but will release a large amount of flammable mixed gas. As thermal runaway spreads in the battery module, a large amount of flammable gas is discharged into confined spaces such as energy storage cabinets, posing a high risk of explosion. Especially for industrial and commercial energy storage systems, which are generally arranged in factories and building annex, with personnel activities around them, once an explosion occurs, it will seriously threaten the safety of surrounding buildings and personnel.

[0004] However, at present, the research on gas diffusion and explosion characteristics in industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets is relatively limited, especially the lack of research on the explosion behavior of multi-component gases generated by battery thermal runaway in a non-uniform concentration environment after diffusion in the energy storage cabinet. In addition, the surface area of ​​industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets is small, and the explosion relief calculation method given by existing standards and specifications is not applicable to them. It is urgent to carry out technical research on explosion relief of energy storage cabinets. At present, the experimental equipment for conducting explosion reaction research is mainly containers with shapes similar to chemical reactors and pipelines, and there are few obstacles inside. For industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets, there are battery modules, thermal management cabinets and other equipment distributed inside, and the internal environment is relatively complex. The existing instruments and equipment cannot meet the test requirements in this scenario. On the other hand, the gas components generated by battery thermal runaway are complex, the gas generation process is highly random, and the reproducibility of thermal runaway tests is poor, making it difficult to adjust and control the test parameter variables, so that it is difficult to carry out quantitative parameterized test analysis, which is not conducive to regularity research. It is precisely because of the lack of relevant experimental platforms and experimental methods that the technical research in this direction has lagged behind, and also restricted the safe development of the industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to some extent.

[0006] To this end, the first purpose of the present application is to propose a battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device in an energy storage cabinet, which can realize the simulation study of the diffusion behavior of mixed gases in industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets under the condition that the battery thermal runaway gas emission parameters are quantitatively controllable and adjustable, as well as the explosion characteristics simulation and explosion relief study of the gas diffusion forming a non-uniform concentration environment.

[0007] The second objective of the present application is to propose a test method for simulating gas diffusion and explosion of thermal runaway batteries in an energy storage cabinet.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the first embodiment of the present application proposes a thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet, comprising:

[0009] An energy storage cabinet model, wherein the structure and layout of the energy storage cabinet model are consistent with the structure and layout of a real industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, and the energy storage cabinet model comprises a cabinet model, a plurality of battery module models and an electrical module model, wherein the plurality of battery module models and the electrical module model are placed inside the cabinet model; the battery module model is provided with a gas discharge port, and the cabinet model is provided with an explosion vent;

[0010] A gas distribution system, the gas distribution system comprising a plurality of gas cylinders for storing different gases, a premixer, a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the plurality of gas cylinders are connected to the input end of the premixer through the first pipeline, the output end of the premixer is connected to the gas discharge port of the battery module model through the second pipeline, a control valve for controlling the gas flow and a first gas flow meter are provided on the first pipeline, and a control valve for controlling the gas flow and opening and closing is provided on the second pipeline;

[0011] An ignition system, the ignition system comprising an electric spark generator, an ignition rod and an electric ignition head, the electric spark generator is connected to the electric ignition head via the ignition rod, and the ignition rod extends into the interior of the cabinet model;

[0012] An explosion relief device, the explosion relief device is installed on the cabinet model, the explosion relief device includes a plurality of explosion relief panels, the parameters of the explosion relief panels are adjustable, and the explosion relief panels are connected to the explosion relief port;

[0013] A data acquisition system, the data acquisition system includes a plurality of sensors for collecting different data; the sensors are installed inside the cabinet model;

[0014] A control system is provided, wherein the control system is connected to the gas distribution system, the ignition system and the data acquisition system.

[0015] In some implementations, the device also includes a circulation system, the cabinet model also includes a circulation inlet and a circulation outlet, the circulation system includes a circulation pipe, an explosion-proof fan and a circulation control valve, the middle part of the circulation pipe is connected to the explosion-proof fan, and the two ends of the circulation pipe are respectively connected to the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet through the circulation control valve, and the explosion-proof fan and the circulation control valve are both connected to the control system.

[0016] In some implementations, the gas distribution system further includes a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge, both of which are connected to the premixer; the first pipeline includes a plurality of first branch pipelines, the input ends of the plurality of first branch pipelines are respectively connected to the plurality of gas storage cylinders, the control valve on the first pipeline is an input gas circuit regulating valve, and each of the first branch pipelines is provided with the input gas circuit regulating valve and the first gas flow meter; the second pipeline includes a second main pipe and a plurality of second branch pipelines connected to the second main pipe, the other end of the second main pipe is connected to the premixer, the plurality of second branch pipelines extend to the interior of the cabinet model and are respectively connected to the gas exhaust ports on the plurality of battery module models, the control valve on the second pipeline includes an output gas circuit solenoid valve, an output gas circuit regulating valve and an exhaust port solenoid valve, the output gas circuit solenoid valve and the output gas circuit regulating valve are provided on the second main pipe, the output gas circuit flow meter is also provided on the second main pipe, and each of the second branch pipelines is provided with the exhaust port solenoid valve.

[0017] In some implementations, the fire rod is a fire rod with automatically adjustable length.

[0018] In some implementations, the sensors include an air concentration sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor, a methane concentration sensor, an explosion pressure sensor, and a flame speed sensor.

[0019] In some implementations, the cabinet model includes a plurality of explosion vents distributed in the cabinet model. In some implementations, a main gas distribution system input port is provided on the cabinet model, and the plurality of second pipelines extend through the main gas distribution system input port to the interior of the cabinet model.

[0020] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second embodiment of the present application proposes a method for simulating a test of thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of a battery in an energy storage cabinet. The method is implemented by the device for simulating a test of thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of a battery in an energy storage cabinet according to the first aspect. The method comprises the following steps:

[0021] When the test condition is a gas diffusion simulation test condition, the premixer is evacuated, and according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline are adjusted through the control system to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer;

[0022] Determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test;

[0023] During the free diffusion of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model, the layered diffusion of typical combustible gas of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet model is analyzed through the data collected by the data acquisition system.

[0024] In some implementations, the method further includes:

[0025] When the test condition is an explosion test condition, the explosion relief area of ​​the current test is determined by connecting part of the explosion relief openings to the explosion relief panel and sealing part of the explosion relief openings; and the explosion relief parameters of the current test are determined by setting the opening pressure and weight of the explosion relief panel; and the electric ignition head is adjusted to the target ignition position through the ignition rod;

[0026] The premixer is evacuated, and according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline are adjusted through the control system to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer;

[0027] Determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test;

[0028] The non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the cabinet model in the height direction is monitored by the data acquisition system. If the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction does not meet the requirements of the explosion test working condition, the circulation system is turned on for adjustment until the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction meets the requirements of the explosion test working condition, and the circulation system is turned off to record the gas concentrations in different height directions;

[0029] The ignition system is turned on to cause the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model to explode, and relevant explosion parameters are obtained through the explosion-related data collected by the data acquisition system.

[0030] In some implementations, the method further includes:

[0031] The opening information of the explosion relief panel and the development and change information of the flame after it is ejected from the explosion relief port are obtained.

[0032] The device and method for simulating the test of thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of batteries in energy storage cabinets provided in the present application can simulate the real industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet environment through a full-scale energy storage cabinet model with a battery module model and an electrical module model; a gas distribution system that can simulate the gas production components of thermal runaway batteries is set to rationally replace the real battery thermal runaway gas production process, thereby realizing the simulation of thermal runaway gas diffusion behavior in the energy storage cabinet under the conditions that the parameters such as thermal runaway gas ratio, spraying position, spraying pressure and flow rate are variable, controllable and adjustable; and gas data is collected through a data acquisition system, thereby realizing the layered diffusion analysis of thermal runaway combustible gas in the energy storage cabinet; an explosion test is carried out through an ignition system, thereby simulating the explosion condition and simulating the explosion condition in combination with an explosion relief device. Furthermore, the non-uniform concentration distribution of the mixed gas can be artificially adjusted by setting a circulation system, the explosion behavior simulation under different ignition positions can be realized through the ignition system, and the explosion relief dynamics simulation study of thermal runaway gas explosion relief in the energy storage cabinet under different explosion relief conditions can be realized through the design of explosion relief plates with adjustable parameters such as quantity, position, and opening pressure.

[0033] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through the practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0035] Figure 1 (a), (b), and (c) are respectively a rear view, a front view, and a top view of the main structure of a battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device in an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a gas distribution system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 A control principle diagram of a control system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a thermal runaway simulation test method for a battery in an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5A schematic flow chart of a method for simulating thermal runaway testing of batteries in an energy storage cabinet provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0040] In the figure:

[0041] Energy storage cabinet model 1, gas distribution system 2, circulation system 3, ignition system 4, explosion relief device 5, data acquisition system 6 and control system 7, cabinet model 1-1, battery module model 1-2, electrical module model 1-3, bracket 1-4, gas discharge port 1-2-1, gas storage bottle 2-1, first gas flowmeter 2-2, input gas circuit regulating valve 2-3, premixer 2-4, vacuum pump 2-5, vacuum pressure gauge 2-6, output gas circuit solenoid valve 2-7, second main pipe 2-8, output gas circuit flowmeter 2-9, output Outlet regulating valve 2-10, second branch pipeline 2-11, exhaust port solenoid valve 2-12, circulation pipeline 3-1, explosion-proof fan 3-2, three-way ball valve 3-3, electric spark generator 4-1, ignition rod 4-2, electric ignition head 4-3, explosion venting panel 5-1, air concentration sensor 6-1, hydrogen concentration sensor 6-2, carbon monoxide concentration sensor 6-3, methane concentration sensor 6-4, explosion pressure sensor 6-5, flame speed sensor 6-6, host computer 7-1, programmable controller 7-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0043] The following describes a device and method for simulating a test of thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion of a battery in an energy storage cabinet according to an embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] The battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device in the energy storage cabinet disclosed in the embodiment of the present application is equivalent to a battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and non-uniform explosion simulation test platform in the energy storage cabinet. The platform can be used to simulate the gas diffusion behavior in the energy storage cabinet under different gas spraying parameter conditions, as well as the energy storage cabinet gas explosion behavior and explosion release dynamics process in an environment with non-uniform concentration due to gas diffusion.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device in the energy storage cabinet includes: an energy storage cabinet model 1, a gas distribution system 2, an ignition system 4, an explosion relief device 5, a data acquisition system 6 and a control system 7.

[0046] Among them, the structure and layout of the energy storage cabinet model 1 are consistent with the structure and layout of the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet entity. The energy storage cabinet model 1 includes a cabinet model 1-1, multiple battery module models 1-2 and an electrical module model 1-3. The multiple battery module models 1-2 and the electrical module model 1-3 are placed inside the cabinet model 1-1; the battery module model 1-2 has a gas exhaust port 1-2-1, and the cabinet model 1-1 is provided with an explosion vent.

[0047] In some embodiments, the energy storage cabinet model 1 further includes a bracket 1-4, and a plurality of battery module models 1-2 and an electrical module model 1-3 are placed inside the cabinet model 1-1 through the bracket 1-4. The energy storage cabinet model 1 is designed according to the size and structure of the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet in the actual application scenario. The cabinet model 1-1 is a steel rectangular container, and the battery module model 1-2 and the electrical module model 1-3 are arranged inside it according to the actual arrangement. Optionally, the gas exhaust port 1-2-1 is arranged on the front surface of the battery module model 1-2.

[0048] In this way, the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets and the complex environment inside them can be realistically simulated, so as to simulate the real thermal runaway gas diffusion process and the pressure evolution process after the non-uniform gas explosion; at the same time, the battery module model 1-2 from which the gas is to be ejected can be selected to simulate the thermal runaway gas eruption occurring in the battery module model 1-2 at different positions in the energy storage cabinet, and the simultaneous ejection of thermal runaway gas at multiple positions can also be simulated; in order to meet the environmental conditions for the rational replacement of the real battery thermal runaway gas production process and meet the test requirements in this scenario.

[0049] The gas distribution system 2 includes a plurality of gas cylinders 2-1, a premixer 2-4, a first pipeline and a second pipeline for storing different gases. The plurality of gas cylinders 2-1 are connected to the input end of the premixer 2-4 through the first pipeline, and the output end of the premixer 2-4 is connected to the gas discharge port 1-2-1 of the battery module model 1-2 through the second pipeline. The first pipeline is provided with a control valve and a first gas flow meter 2-2 for controlling the gas flow rate, and the second pipeline is provided with a control valve for controlling the gas flow rate and opening and closing. Thus, by opening the gas cylinders 2-1 of different gases, the gases can be released to the premixer 2-4 for mixing and then ejected from the gas discharge port 1-2-1 of the determined battery module model 1-2 along the second pipeline, and the ejection pressure and ejection speed of the gases can be controlled by the control valve on the pipeline, so as to simulate the gas composition, gas ejection position, gas ejection pressure and ejection speed of the battery thermal runaway, so as to simulate different thermal runaway gas ejection conditions. By setting up a gas distribution system to meet the rational substitution of the gas emission process close to the real battery thermal runaway process, the quantifiable and repeatable test requirements are met.

[0050] The ignition system 4 includes an electric spark generator 4-1, an ignition rod 4-2 and an electric ignition head 4-3, wherein the electric spark generator 4-1 is connected to the electric ignition head 4-3 via the ignition rod 4-2, and the ignition rod 4-2 extends into the interior of the cabinet model 1-1. Thus, the mixed gas inside the cabinet model 1-1 can be ignited by the ignition system 4, and explosion conditions under different ignition positions can be simulated and analyzed.

[0051] The explosion relief device 5 is installed on the cabinet model 1-1, and the explosion relief device 5 includes a plurality of explosion relief panels 5-1, the parameters of the explosion relief panels 5-1 are adjustable, and the explosion relief panels 5-1 are connected to the explosion relief ports. The weight, opening pressure and other parameters of the explosion relief panels 5-1 are adjustable. The explosion relief device 5 can be arranged on the upper part and top of the rear wall of the energy storage cabinet model 1, and is composed of a plurality of explosion relief panels 5-1 of the same area. Different explosion relief areas can be achieved by setting some explosion relief ports as explosion relief panels 5-1, and some explosion relief ports are closed with steel plates. At the same time, by changing the opening pressure and weight of different explosion relief panels 5-1, the explosion relief research under different explosion relief parameters can be realized. Therefore, the explosion relief panel 5-1 with adjustable parameters such as quantity, position, and opening pressure can be designed to realize the dynamic simulation research of thermal runaway gas explosion relief in the energy storage cabinet under different explosion relief conditions.

[0052] The data acquisition system 6 includes a variety of sensors for collecting different data; the sensors are installed inside the cabinet model 1-1. Therefore, the gas state inside the cabinet model 1-1 can be collected by the sensors to realize the layered diffusion analysis of the thermal runaway combustible gas in the energy storage cabinet, that is, the data collected by various sensors can be used to study the gas diffusion behavior in the energy storage cabinet, and can also provide quantitative non-uniform concentration data for the next step of explosion behavior analysis.

[0053] The control system 7 connects the gas distribution system 2, the ignition system 4 and the data acquisition system 6. The control system 7 is a control center that can control the working status of the gas distribution system 2 and the ignition system 4, and obtain the data collected by the data acquisition system 6 and analyze the data.

[0054] The battery thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device in the energy storage cabinet of the embodiment of the present application includes an energy storage cabinet model with a battery module model and an electrical module model, which can simulate the real energy storage cabinet environment; a gas distribution system that can simulate the gas production components of battery thermal runaway is set to rationally replace the real battery thermal runaway gas production process, thereby realizing the thermal runaway gas diffusion behavior simulation in the energy storage cabinet under the condition that the parameters such as thermal runaway gas ratio, spraying position, spraying pressure and flow rate are variable, controllable and adjustable; and gas data is collected through a data acquisition system, thereby realizing the layered diffusion analysis of thermal runaway combustible gas in the energy storage cabinet; combined with the ignition system and the explosion relief device, the energy storage cabinet gas explosion behavior and the explosion relief dynamics process are simulated in an environment with non-uniform concentration due to gas diffusion.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figure 1 As shown, the device also includes a circulation system 3, the cabinet model 1-1 also includes a circulation inlet and a circulation outlet, the circulation system 3 includes a circulation pipeline 3-1, an explosion-proof fan 3-2 and a circulation control valve, the middle of the circulation pipeline 3-1 is connected to the explosion-proof fan 3-2, the two ends of the circulation pipeline 3-1 are respectively connected to the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet through the circulation control valve, and the explosion-proof fan 3-2 and the circulation control valve are both connected to the control system 7. Optionally, the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the cabinet model 1-1

[0056] Optionally, the circulation control valve is a three-way ball valve 3-3.

[0057] Therefore, by setting up the circulation system 3, the non-uniform concentration distribution of the thermal runaway combustible mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet can be adjusted. That is, if the non-uniform concentration data formed by the free diffusion of the gas is not ideal, the circulation system can be started to adjust the concentration so that the distribution of the thermal runaway combustible mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet meets the test requirements.

[0058] In some embodiments, Figure 2As shown, the gas distribution system 2 also includes a vacuum pump 2-5 and a vacuum pressure gauge 2-6, and the vacuum pump 2-5 and the vacuum pressure gauge 2-6 are both connected to the premixer 2-4; the first pipeline includes a plurality of first branch pipelines, and the input ends of the plurality of first branch pipelines are respectively connected to the plurality of gas storage bottles 2-1, and the control valve on the first pipeline is an input gas circuit regulating valve 2-3, and each of the first branch pipelines is provided with the input gas circuit regulating valve 2-3 and the first gas flow meter 2-2; the second pipeline includes a second main pipe 2-8 and a plurality of second branch pipelines 2-11 connected to the second main pipe 2-8, and the second main pipe 2 -8 is connected to the premixer 2-4, the multiple second branch pipelines 2-11 are extended to the interior of the cabinet model 1-1 and are respectively connected to the gas exhaust ports 1-2-1 on the multiple battery module models 1-2, the control valves on the second pipelines include an output gas circuit solenoid valve 2-7, an output gas circuit regulating valve 2-10 and an exhaust port solenoid valve 2-12, the output gas circuit solenoid valve 2-7 and the output gas circuit regulating valve 2-10 are arranged on the second main pipe 2-8, the output gas circuit flowmeter 2-9 is also arranged on the second main pipe 2-8, and each of the second branch pipelines 2-11 is provided with the exhaust port solenoid valve 2-12. Multiple second branch pipelines 2-11 are extended to the interior of the cabinet model 1-1 and are respectively passed through the interior of multiple battery module models 1-2 and are connected to the gas exhaust ports 1-2-1 on the battery module models 1-2.

[0059] Therefore, the premixer 2-4 can be evacuated by the vacuum pump 2-5, and the vacuum state of the premixer 2-4 can be checked by the vacuum pressure gauge 2-6, and then the ratio of the thermal runaway mixed gas can be determined by the partial pressure method; the corresponding control valve in the gas distribution system 2 can be adjusted to achieve the flow of the required gas to the energy storage cabinet model 1, and according to the test working conditions, the output gas regulating valve can be adjusted by the control system 7 to achieve the function of ejecting the simulated battery thermal runaway mixed gas from the gas discharge port 1-2-1 of the specified battery module model 1-2 according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the experiment.

[0060] In some embodiments, the ignition rod 4-2 is an ignition rod 4-2 with automatically adjustable length. By adjusting different rod lengths, ignition at different heights can be achieved, so that the explosion behavior and explosion relief simulation at different ignition positions can be achieved through the ignition system 4.

[0061] In some embodiments, the sensor includes an air concentration sensor 6-1, a hydrogen concentration sensor 6-2, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor 6-3, a methane concentration sensor 6-4, an explosion pressure sensor 6-5, and a flame speed sensor 6-6. The air concentration sensor 6-1, the hydrogen concentration sensor 6-2, the carbon monoxide concentration sensor 6-3, and the methane concentration sensor 6-4 can be used to monitor the concentration of each gas in the mixed gas and determine the non-uniform concentration gradient. For example, the data collected by the air concentration sensor 6-1 can be used to analyze the distribution state of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model 1, and the data collected by the hydrogen concentration sensor 6-2, the carbon monoxide concentration sensor 6-3, and the methane concentration sensor 6-4 can be used to analyze the layered diffusion of typical combustible gases in thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet model 1. The pressure sensor and the flame speed sensor 6-6 are used for pressure measurement and flame propagation speed measurement after an explosion occurs in the energy storage cabinet model 1.

[0062] In some embodiments, the cabinet model 1-1 includes a plurality of explosion vents, which are distributed at the top of the cabinet model 1-1 and the upper portion of the rear wall of the cabinet model 1-1. Thus, by setting an explosion venting device 5 for different explosion vents among the plurality of explosion vents, explosion venting tests under different conditions can be achieved.

[0063] In some embodiments, the cabinet model 1-1 is provided with a main input port of the gas distribution system 2, and the plurality of second pipelines extend to the interior of the cabinet model 1-1 through the main input port of the gas distribution system 2. Exemplarily, the main input port of the gas distribution system 2 is provided at the rear of the energy storage cabinet model 1. The main input port of the gas distribution system 2 can be provided at the rear of the cabinet model 1-1, and the second pipelines of the gas distribution system 2 can enter the cabinet model 1-1 through the main input port of the gas distribution system 2, so that the structure of the entire device is concise and easy to manage.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 3 As shown, the control system 7 includes a host computer 7-1, a programmable controller 7-2 and a control cabinet. The host computer 7-1 and the programmable controller 7-2 are integrated in the control cabinet. The programmable controller 7-2 is electrically connected to various valves of the gas distribution system 2, various valves of the circulation system 3, the spark generator 4-1 of the ignition system 4, and all sensors of the data acquisition system 6 to achieve effective control of the gas distribution system 2, the circulation system 3, the ignition system 4 and the data acquisition system 6. For example, the control system 7 can simulate different battery thermal runaway mixed gas components and different thermal runaway gas discharge pressures from the gas discharge port 1-2-1 of the battery module model 1-2 by adjusting the gas flow rate and total output pressure of different gas paths in the gas distribution system 2.

[0065] Based on the above device embodiment, the present application also provides a battery thermal runaway simulation test method in an energy storage cabinet implemented by the above device embodiment. Figure 4 This is a flow chart of a method for simulating thermal runaway of batteries in an energy storage cabinet provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 As shown, the thermal runaway simulation test method of the battery in the energy storage cabinet includes the following steps:

[0066] Step 101, when the test condition is a gas diffusion simulation test condition, the premixer is evacuated, and according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline are adjusted through the control system to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer.

[0067] Before the test begins, it is necessary to connect multiple gas cylinders containing the battery thermal runaway gas components to the pipelines of the gas distribution system according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required for simulation in the current test, turn on the power of the device, debug and test the components of the device to ensure the reliable operation of the entire device and complete the preparations before the experiment.

[0068] The premixer is evacuated to a vacuum environment, and then the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer is achieved by adjusting the first gas flow meter and the input gas circuit regulating valve through the control system according to the battery thermal runaway gas components simulated in the experiment.

[0069] Step 102, determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test.

[0070] Select the battery module model where the gas is to be ejected, and open the exhaust port solenoid valve on the gas distribution system corresponding to the model. Open the output gas circuit solenoid valve of the gas distribution system, and according to the test conditions, adjust the output gas regulating valve through the control system to eject the simulated battery thermal runaway mixed gas from the gas exhaust port of the specified battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the experiment.

[0071] Step 103 , during the free diffusion of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model, the layered diffusion of typical combustible gas of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet model is analyzed by using the data collected by the data acquisition system.

[0072] The mixed gas ejected from the gas discharge port is allowed to diffuse freely in the energy storage cabinet model. The distribution state of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model is analyzed through the air concentration sensor data. The layered diffusion analysis of typical combustible gases with thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet model is realized through the hydrogen concentration sensor, carbon monoxide concentration sensor and methane concentration sensor.

[0073] The battery thermal runaway simulation test method in the energy storage cabinet of the embodiment of the present application can quantitatively control the battery thermal runaway gas spraying conditions to simulate the thermal runaway gas diffusion behavior of the battery in the industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet. By setting up a gas distribution system that can simulate the gas production components of the battery thermal runaway, the real battery thermal runaway gas production process is rationally replaced, thereby realizing the thermal runaway gas diffusion behavior simulation in the energy storage cabinet under the conditions of variable, controllable and adjustable parameters such as thermal runaway gas ratio, spraying position (gas discharge port of different battery module models), spraying pressure and flow rate.

[0074] Figure 5 A flowchart of a thermal runaway simulation test method for a battery in an energy storage cabinet provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, the thermal runaway simulation test method of the battery in the energy storage cabinet includes the following steps:

[0076] Step 201, when the test condition is an explosion test condition, the explosion venting area of ​​the current test is determined by connecting part of the explosion venting opening to the explosion venting panel and sealing part of the explosion venting opening; and the explosion venting parameters of the current test are determined by setting the opening pressure and weight of the explosion venting panel; and the electric ignition head is adjusted to the target ignition position through the ignition rod.

[0077] For explosion and explosion relief tests, the corresponding explosion relief panel needs to be set up according to the experimental requirements before the test, and the ignition rod needs to be adjusted to set the ignition position.

[0078] Step 202, evacuate the premixer, and adjust the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline through the control system according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, so as to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer.

[0079] Step 203, determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test.

[0080] Step 204: monitor the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model in the height direction through the data acquisition system. If the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction does not meet the explosion test condition requirements, start the circulation system for adjustment until the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction meets the explosion test condition requirements, close the circulation system, and record the gas concentrations in different height directions.

[0081] When a specific volume of mixed gas is ejected, the mixed gas is allowed to diffuse freely in the energy storage cabinet model, and the non-uniform distribution state of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model is monitored through various concentration sensors. If the test condition requirements are met, proceed to the next step. If not, it is necessary to open the circulation system and adjust the non-uniform concentration environment in the energy storage cabinet model until the air concentration sensor determines that the concentration distribution of the mixed gas in the height direction meets the conditions, then close the circulation system and record the relevant concentration data.

[0082] Step 205, turning on the ignition system to cause the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model to explode, and obtaining relevant explosion parameters through the explosion-related data collected by the data acquisition system.

[0083] When the mixed gas is stable, the ignition system is turned on to cause the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model to explode, and the relevant explosion parameters are obtained through the pressure sensor and flame speed sensor.

[0084] The thermal runaway simulation test method of the battery in the energy storage cabinet of the embodiment of the present application can adjust the non-uniform concentration distribution through the circulation system, and can realize the explosion behavior simulation under different ignition positions through the ignition system. Through the design of the explosion venting plate with adjustable parameters such as number, position, and opening pressure, it can realize the dynamic simulation study of the thermal runaway gas explosion venting in the energy storage cabinet under different explosion venting conditions. By first adjusting the gas injection to form different diffusion environments and then igniting the explosion, it is closer to the real scene.

[0085] In some embodiments, while acquiring explosion-related parameters through the data acquisition system, it is also necessary to acquire information on the opening status of the explosion venting panel and information on the development and change of the flame after it is ejected from the explosion venting port.

[0086] That is to say, for the explosion venting test, it is also necessary to observe the opening status of the explosion venting panel and the development and changes of the flame after it is ejected from the explosion venting port.

[0087] By implementing this embodiment, the explosion venting dynamics simulation study of thermal runaway gas explosion venting in the energy storage cabinet under different explosion venting conditions can be realized through the design of explosion venting panels with adjustable parameters such as quantity, position, and opening pressure.

[0088] It can be seen that the device can be used to rationally replace the gas production process of real battery thermal runaway, realize the parametric simulation analysis of the gas diffusion behavior of battery thermal runaway in industrial and commercial energy storage cabinets under variable, controllable and adjustable exhaust conditions, and realize the explosion simulation and explosion venting research in an environment of non-uniform concentration formed by diffusion.

[0089] In the description of the aforementioned embodiments, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0090] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0091] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet, characterized in that: include: An energy storage cabinet model, wherein the structure and layout of the energy storage cabinet model are consistent with the structure and layout of a real industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet, and the energy storage cabinet model comprises a cabinet model, a plurality of battery module models and an electrical module model, wherein the plurality of battery module models and the electrical module model are placed inside the cabinet model; the battery module model is provided with a gas discharge port, and the cabinet model is provided with an explosion vent; A gas distribution system, the gas distribution system comprising a plurality of gas cylinders for storing different gases, a premixer, a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the plurality of gas cylinders are connected to the input end of the premixer through the first pipeline, the output end of the premixer is connected to the gas discharge port of the battery module model through the second pipeline, a control valve for controlling the gas flow and a first gas flow meter are provided on the first pipeline, and a control valve for controlling the gas flow and opening and closing is provided on the second pipeline; An ignition system, the ignition system comprising an electric spark generator, an ignition rod and an electric ignition head, the electric spark generator is connected to the electric ignition head via the ignition rod, and the ignition rod extends into the interior of the cabinet model; An explosion relief device, the explosion relief device is installed on the cabinet model, the explosion relief device includes a plurality of explosion relief panels, the parameters of the explosion relief panels are adjustable, and the explosion relief panels are connected to the explosion relief port; A data acquisition system, the data acquisition system includes a plurality of sensors for collecting different data; the sensors are installed inside the cabinet model; A control system is provided, wherein the control system is connected to the gas distribution system, the ignition system and the data acquisition system.

2. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes a circulation system, and the cabinet model also includes a circulation inlet and a circulation outlet. The circulation system includes a circulation pipeline, an explosion-proof fan and a circulation control valve. The middle part of the circulation pipeline is connected to the explosion-proof fan, and the two ends of the circulation pipeline are respectively connected to the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet through the circulation control valve. The explosion-proof fan and the circulation control valve are both connected to the control system.

3. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The gas distribution system also includes a vacuum pump and a vacuum pressure gauge, and the vacuum pump and the vacuum pressure gauge are both connected to the premixer; the first pipeline includes a plurality of first branch pipelines, and the input ends of the plurality of first branch pipelines are respectively connected to the plurality of gas storage cylinders, and the control valve on the first pipeline is an input gas circuit regulating valve, and each of the first branch pipelines is provided with the input gas circuit regulating valve and the first gas flow meter; the second pipeline includes a second main pipe and a plurality of second branch pipelines connected to the second main pipe, and the other end of the second main pipe is connected to the premixer, and the plurality of second branch pipelines extend to the interior of the cabinet model and are respectively connected to the gas exhaust ports on the plurality of battery module models, and the control valve on the second pipeline includes an output gas circuit solenoid valve, an output gas circuit regulating valve and an exhaust port solenoid valve, and the output gas circuit solenoid valve and the output gas circuit regulating valve are provided on the second main pipe, and the output gas circuit flow meter is also provided on the second main pipe, and each of the second branch pipelines is provided with the exhaust port solenoid valve.

4. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fire rod is a fire rod with automatically adjustable length.

5. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The sensors include an air concentration sensor, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor, a methane concentration sensor, an explosion pressure sensor and a flame speed sensor.

6. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cabinet model comprises a plurality of explosion relief openings, and the explosion relief openings are distributed on the top of the cabinet model and the upper part of the rear wall of the cabinet model.

7. The thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cabinet model is provided with a main input port of the gas distribution system, and the plurality of second pipelines all pass through the main input port of the gas distribution system and extend to the interior of the cabinet model.

8. A method for simulating gas diffusion and explosion of thermal runaway batteries in an energy storage cabinet, characterized in that: The method is implemented by a thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and the method comprises the following steps: When the test condition is a gas diffusion simulation test condition, the premixer is evacuated, and according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline are adjusted through the control system to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer; Determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test; During the free diffusion of the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model, the layered diffusion of typical combustible gas of thermal runaway in the energy storage cabinet model is analyzed through the data collected by the data acquisition system.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method is implemented by a thermal runaway gas diffusion and explosion simulation test device for batteries in an energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 2 to 7, and the method further comprises: When the test condition is an explosion test condition, the explosion relief area of ​​the current test is determined by connecting part of the explosion relief openings to the explosion relief panel and sealing part of the explosion relief openings; and the explosion relief parameters of the current test are determined by setting the opening pressure and weight of the explosion relief panel; and the electric ignition head is adjusted to the target ignition position through the ignition rod; The premixer is evacuated, and according to the battery thermal runaway gas components required to be simulated in the current test, the first gas flow meter and the control valve on the first pipeline are adjusted through the control system to achieve the required mixed gas ratio in the premixer; Determine the target battery module model from which the current test gas is to be ejected, and control the solenoid valve on the second pipeline to enable the mixed gas in the second pipeline to be ejected from the gas discharge port of the target battery module model according to the gas ejection pressure and ejection speed set in the current test; The non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the cabinet model in the height direction is monitored by the data acquisition system. If the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction does not meet the requirements of the explosion test working condition, the circulation system is turned on for adjustment until the non-uniform concentration distribution state of the mixed gas in the height direction meets the requirements of the explosion test working condition, and the circulation system is turned off to record the gas concentrations in different height directions; The ignition system is turned on to cause the mixed gas in the energy storage cabinet model to explode, and relevant explosion parameters are obtained through the explosion-related data collected by the data acquisition system.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The opening information of the explosion relief panel and the development and change information of the flame after it is ejected from the explosion relief port are obtained.

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