Method and related device for monitoring and tracking electricity and carbon of multi-user main body

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-user-subject-oriented power carbon monitoring and tracking method and a related device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring basic data of multi-subject power carbon emission trajectory tracking; then, based on the basic data, setting a target function and a plurality of constraint conditions to construct a direct-current power flow model; according to a calculation result of the direct-current power flow model, calculating a carbon emission flow distribution condition; and finally, according to the distribution condition of the carbon emission flow, calculating the load instantaneous carbon emission of the downstream node n in the branch and the user main body. The method supports the electric carbon monitoring of multiple user subjects, including different types of enterprises and different industry users with scattered geographic positions, achieves the wide coverage of carbon emission monitoring, facilitates the comprehensive and accurate mastering of the carbon emission conditions in different fields, and solves a problem that the carbon reduction potential of a power utilization side is not fully considered in the prior art. And a user side electricity carbon monitoring and tracking method is lacked.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon emission monitoring, and in particular to a method and related device for monitoring and tracking electric carbon emissions by multiple users. Background Art

[0002] Real-time, accurate and comprehensive measurement and monitoring of electricity carbon emissions is the basis and prerequisite for understanding the current status of carbon emissions in the power industry and exploring the potential for carbon emission reduction in electricity. At present, there have been preliminary explorations in the intelligent monitoring and traceability of electricity carbon at home and abroad, but most of them are for the monitoring, tracing and responsibility allocation of carbon emissions on the power generation side. There is still a gap in the tracking of carbon emission trajectories, characteristic analysis and characterization of electricity emissions from multiple subject users. The carbon reduction potential on the electricity consumption side is not fully considered, and there is a lack of methods for monitoring and tracking electricity carbon on the user side. Power generation on the power generation side is driven by the electricity demand on the user side. As the energy demander, electricity consumers are important responsible entities for carbon emissions, and there is huge room for emission reduction. For this reason, it is urgent to accelerate the research and development of user-side electricity carbon monitoring technologies and guide users to consume green electricity in an orderly manner. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides a method and related device for monitoring and tracking carbon emissions from electricity by multiple users, which is used to solve the problem that the prior art does not fully consider the carbon reduction potential on the electricity consumption side and lacks a method for monitoring and tracking carbon emissions from electricity on the user side.

[0004] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides a method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon for multiple user entities, the method comprising:

[0005] Obtain basic data for multi-agent electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking;

[0006] Based on the basic data, an objective function and constraint conditions are set to build a DC power flow model;

[0007] Calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation results of the DC power flow model;

[0008] According to the carbon emission flow distribution, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user body is calculated.

[0009] Optionally, the constructing a DC power flow model based on the basic data and setting an objective function and constraint conditions includes:

[0010] Note Node The active load at time t is ,in, For Node The set of all users under the above-mentioned basic data is used. Based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is used as a decision variable, and the optimal power flow calculation is performed with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost. The node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the DC power flow model is constructed using the branch power flow characteristics.

[0011] Wherein, the expression of the objective function is:

[0012] ;

[0013] In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , They are the number of generating units and energy storage equipment in the power grid respectively; , They are Time Generator and the power generation output of the purchased external electricity; and They are the energy storage devices at time t. The discharge power and charging power of , , are the unit power generation costs of the power grid generators, energy storage, and purchased external electricity, respectively. the cost of charging energy storage;

[0014] The expression of the node power balance equation is:

[0015] ;

[0016] In the formula, , is the set of generators and energy storage devices at node n; , Node A collection of branches for inflow and outflow currents; for Time branch The trend of

[0017] The expression of the DC power flow model is:

[0018] ;

[0019] ;

[0020] ;

[0021] In the formula, and They are nodes in the DC network. and nodes The square of the voltage amplitude; For DC network lines The square of the current amplitude; , DC network lines and Active power transmitted at the head end; For DC network lines Resistance; For Node Active power transmitted by the connected VSC from the DC grid.

[0022] Optionally, calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model includes:

[0023] Based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated by the carbon potential calculation formula to obtain the carbon emission factor and carbon flow density;

[0024] ;

[0025] ;

[0026] Where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; are the carbon emission intensity of generator set g respectively; is the downstream link of node n.

[0027] Optionally, the calculating, according to the carbon emission flow distribution, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user entity includes:

[0028] When a user does not have a sub-user, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution and the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula;

[0029] The calculation formula of the instantaneous carbon emissions of the first load is:

[0030] ;

[0031] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0032] When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the user's load are calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution;

[0033] The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the second load is:

[0034] ;

[0035] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the ith user at the jth node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the jth node at time t.

[0036] The second aspect of the present application provides a system for monitoring and tracking electric carbon emissions of multiple users, the system comprising:

[0037] An acquisition unit, used to acquire basic data for multi-subject electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking;

[0038] A construction unit, used to set an objective function and constraint conditions to construct a DC power flow model based on the basic data;

[0039] A first calculation unit, configured to calculate the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model;

[0040] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user body according to the distribution of the carbon emission flow.

[0041] Optionally, the construction unit is specifically used to:

[0042] Note Node The active load at time t is ,in, For Node The set of all users under the above-mentioned basic data is used. Based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is used as a decision variable, and the optimal power flow calculation is performed with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost. The node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the DC power flow model is constructed using the branch power flow characteristics.

[0043] Wherein, the expression of the objective function is:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , They are the number of generating units and energy storage equipment in the power grid respectively; , They are Time Generator and the power generation output of the purchased external electricity; and They are the energy storage devices at time t. The discharge power and charging power of , , are the unit power generation costs of the power grid generators, energy storage, and purchased external electricity, respectively. the cost of charging energy storage;

[0046] The expression of the node power balance equation is:

[0047] ;

[0048] In the formula, , is the set of generators and energy storage devices at node n; , Node A collection of branches for inflow and outflow currents; for Time branch The trend of

[0049] The expression of the DC power flow model is:

[0050] ;

[0051] ;

[0052] ;

[0053] In the formula, and They are nodes in the DC network. and nodes The square of the voltage amplitude; For DC network lines The square of the current amplitude; , DC network lines and Active power transmitted at the head end; For DC network lines Resistance; For Node Active power transmitted by the connected VSC from the DC grid.

[0054] Optionally, the first computing unit is specifically configured to:

[0055] Based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated by the carbon potential calculation formula to obtain the carbon emission factor and carbon flow density;

[0056] ;

[0057] ;

[0058] Where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; are the carbon emission intensity of generator set g respectively; is the downstream link of node n.

[0059] Optionally, the second computing unit is specifically configured to:

[0060] When a user does not have a sub-user, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution and the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula;

[0061] The calculation formula of the instantaneous carbon emissions of the first load is:

[0062] ;

[0063] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0064] When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the user's load are calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution;

[0065] The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the second load is:

[0066] ;

[0067] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the ith user at the jth node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the jth node at time t.

[0068] The third aspect of the present application provides a device for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0069] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0070] The processor is used to execute the steps of the method for multi-user entity carbon monitoring and tracking as described in the first aspect according to the instructions in the program code.

[0071] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code, wherein the program code is used to execute the method for multi-user subject carbon monitoring and tracking described in the first aspect.

[0072] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that this application has the following advantages:

[0073] This application provides a method for monitoring and tracking carbon emissions from multiple users. First, the basic data for tracking carbon emissions from multiple users is obtained. Then, based on the basic data, the objective function and several constraints are set to build a DC power flow model. Then, according to the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the distribution of carbon emission flows is calculated. Finally, according to the distribution of carbon emission flows, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user are calculated. This application supports carbon emissions monitoring from multiple users, including different types of enterprises and users from different industries with dispersed geographical locations, to achieve wide coverage of carbon emission monitoring. This wide coverage helps to fully and accurately grasp the carbon emissions in different fields, provide data support for the formulation of scientific emission reduction policies, and then accurately and comprehensively grasp the current status and trends of carbon emissions from multiple users on the electricity consumption side, tap the carbon emission reduction potential of the power industry, and promote the low-carbon transformation of the power economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a method flow chart for multi-user subject electricity carbon monitoring and tracking provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the system structure for multi-user carbon monitoring and tracking provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0077] See also Figure 1 , a method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0078] Step 101: Obtain basic data for multi-agent electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking.

[0079] It should be noted that the basic data include: urban power grid flow, grid topology, node information, external power, generator sets, line parameters, carbon potential of each power source in the power grid, etc.

[0080] Connect various systems to obtain basic data on multi-subject electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking, including but not limited to:

[0081] 1) Real-time line flow data of the entire urban power grid;

[0082] 2) Real-time power generation data of all generators in the city power grid;

[0083] 3) Data on electricity coming from outside the city power grid;

[0084] 4) The node number, voltage level, power consumption data, etc. of power users on the load side of the entire urban power grid.

[0085] 5) Regional carbon emission factor data from carbon emission regulatory authorities;

[0086] 6) Carbon potential of each power source in the power grid;

[0087] Among them, the main data and their interaction time granularity are shown in Table 1.

[0088] Table 1 Main data and interaction time granularity required for multi-agent electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking

[0089]

[0090] Step 102: Based on the basic data, set the objective function and constraint conditions to build a DC power flow model.

[0091] It should be noted that a DC power flow model is constructed based on basic data (such as a user historical load data set, where the user historical load data set is obtained from user load monitoring data of a local power system), and the constructed DC power flow model is used as the basis for power grid power flow analysis.

[0092] In one embodiment, 102 includes:

[0093] Note Node The active load at time t is ,in, For Node The set of all users under the network is selected. Based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is used as the decision variable to calculate the optimal power flow with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost. The user power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and a DC power flow model is constructed based on the branch power flow characteristics.

[0094] Among them, the expression of the objective function is:

[0095] ;

[0096] In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , They are the number of power generation units and energy storage equipment in the power grid. The power generation units include traditional hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, gas power, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, etc. , They are Time Generator and the power generation output of the purchased external electricity, where the purchased external electricity may be negative, indicating that electricity is being supplied to the external grid; and are the discharge and charge powers of the energy storage device e at time t respectively; , , They are the unit power generation costs (power sales revenue) of the power grid generators, energy storage, and purchased external electricity. the cost of charging energy storage;

[0097] The expression of the node power balance equation is:

[0098] ;

[0099] In the formula, , It is the collection of generator sets and energy storage devices at node n. User generator sets generally include self-provided power supply, distributed photovoltaic, etc. , Node A collection of branches for inflow and outflow currents; for Time branch The trend of

[0100] The expression of DC power flow model is:

[0101] ;

[0102] ;

[0103] ;

[0104] In the formula, and They are nodes in the DC network. and nodes The square of the voltage amplitude; For DC network lines The square of the current amplitude; , DC network lines and Active power transmitted at the head end; For DC network lines Resistance; For Node Active power transmitted by the connected VSC from the DC grid.

[0105] Step 103: Calculate the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation results of the DC power flow model.

[0106] In one embodiment, 103 includes:

[0107] Based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated using the carbon potential calculation formula to obtain the carbon emission factor and carbon flow density;

[0108] ;

[0109] ;

[0110] Where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; are the carbon emission intensity of generator set g respectively; is the downstream link of node n.

[0111] Step 104: Calculate the instantaneous carbon emissions of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user entity according to the distribution of the carbon emission flow.

[0112] In one embodiment, 104 includes:

[0113] When a user does not have a sub-user, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated based on the distribution of the carbon emission flow and the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula;

[0114] Among them, the calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the first load is:

[0115] ;

[0116] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t;

[0117] When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the user's load are calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula according to the distribution of the carbon emission flow;

[0118] Among them, the calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the second load is:

[0119] ;

[0120] In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the ith user at the jth node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the jth node at time t.

[0121] It should be noted that if a user has multiple sub-users (resources) at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of its load is the sum of the carbon emissions of the sub-users (resources) at different nodes, which is calculated using the above-mentioned second instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula.

[0122] It should be noted that the calculation formula for instantaneous carbon emissions of load satisfies:

[0123] a) The carbon flow density of the branch outflowing from a node is equal to the carbon potential of the node, that is:

[0124] ;

[0125] In the formula, is the injection node of branch l; is the carbon potential of the node.

[0126] b) The calculation formula for carbon emission intensity of different units in the power grid is as follows:

[0127]

[0128] In the formula, Gs,t and es,t represent the active power and carbon emission factor of generator set s at time t respectively. The carbon emission factor of the generator set can be verified according to GB / 32151.1-2015, "Corporate Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting Methods and Reporting Guidelines - Power Generation Facilities (2022 Revised Edition)", etc.

[0129] The present application provides a method for monitoring and tracking carbon emissions in electricity for multiple users. First, the basic data for tracking carbon emissions trajectories of multiple users are obtained; then, based on the basic data, the objective function and several constraints are set to construct a DC power flow model; then, according to the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the distribution of carbon emission flows is calculated; finally, according to the distribution of carbon emission flows, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user subject are calculated. The present application supports carbon emissions monitoring for multiple users, including different types of enterprises and users in different industries with dispersed geographical locations, to achieve wide coverage of carbon emission monitoring. This wide coverage helps to fully and accurately grasp the carbon emissions in different fields, provide data support for the formulation of scientific emission reduction policies, and then accurately and comprehensively grasp the current status and trends of carbon emissions from multiple subjects on the electricity consumption side, tap the carbon emission reduction potential of the power industry, and promote the low-carbon transformation of the power economy.

[0130] The above is a method for monitoring and tracking carbon dioxide emissions from multiple users provided in an embodiment of the present application. The following is a system for monitoring and tracking carbon dioxide emissions from multiple users provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0131] See also Figure 2 , a system for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:

[0132] The acquisition unit 201 is used to acquire basic data for multi-agent electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking.

[0133] The construction unit 202 is used to construct a DC power flow model based on basic data, setting an objective function and constraint conditions.

[0134] The first calculation unit 203 is used to calculate the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model.

[0135] The second calculation unit 204 is used to calculate the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user entity according to the distribution of the carbon emission flow.

[0136] Furthermore, in an embodiment of the present application, a device for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users is provided, the device comprising a processor and a memory:

[0137] The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor;

[0138] The processor is used to execute the steps of the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking as described in the above method embodiment according to the instructions in the program code.

[0139] Furthermore, a computer-readable storage medium is provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code, and the program code is used to execute the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking described in the above method embodiment.

[0140] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0141] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0142] It should be understood that in this application, "at least one (item)" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And / or" is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0143] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0144] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0145] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0146] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (full name in English: Read-Only Memory, English abbreviation: ROM), random access memory (full name in English: Random Access Memory, English abbreviation: RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0147] As described above, the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon for multiple users, characterized in that: include: Obtain basic data for multi-agent electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking; Based on the basic data, an objective function and constraint conditions are set to build a DC power flow model; Calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation results of the DC power flow model; According to the carbon emission flow distribution, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user body is calculated.

2. The method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of setting an objective function and constraint conditions based on the basic data to construct a DC power flow model includes: Note Node The active load at time t is ,in, For Node The set of all users under the above-mentioned basic data is used. Based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is used as a decision variable, and the optimal power flow calculation is performed with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost. The node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the DC power flow model is constructed using the branch power flow characteristics. Wherein, the expression of the objective function is: ； In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , They are the number of generating units and energy storage equipment in the power grid respectively; , They are Time Generator and the power generation output of the purchased external electricity; and They are the energy storage devices at time t. The discharge power and charging power of , , are the unit power generation costs of the power grid generators, energy storage, and purchased external electricity, respectively. the cost of charging energy storage; The expression of the node power balance equation is: ； In the formula, , is the set of generators and energy storage devices at node n; , Node A collection of branches for inflow and outflow currents; for Time Branch The trend; The expression of the DC power flow model is: ； ； ； In the formula, and They are nodes in the DC network. and nodes The square of the voltage amplitude; For DC network lines The square of the current amplitude; , DC network lines and Active power transmitted at the head end; For DC network lines Resistance; For Node Active power transmitted by the connected VSC from the DC grid.

3. The method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Calculating the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model includes: Based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated by the carbon potential calculation formula to obtain the carbon emission factor and carbon flow density; ； ； Where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; are the carbon emission intensity of generator set g respectively; is the downstream link of node n.

4. The method for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step of calculating the instantaneous carbon emissions of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user entity according to the carbon emission flow distribution includes: When a user does not have a sub-user, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution and the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula; The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the first load is: ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t; When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the user's load are calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution; The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the second load is: ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the ith user at the jth node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the jth node at time t.

5. A system for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users, characterized in that: include: An acquisition unit, used to acquire basic data for multi-subject electricity carbon emission trajectory tracking; A construction unit, used to set an objective function and constraint conditions to construct a DC power flow model based on the basic data; A first calculation unit, configured to calculate the carbon emission flow distribution according to the calculation result of the DC power flow model; The second calculation unit is used to calculate the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch and the user body according to the distribution of the carbon emission flow.

6. The system for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The building block is specifically used for: Note Node The active load at time t is ,in, For Node The set of all users under the above-mentioned basic data is used. Based on the basic data, the output power of each unit is used as a decision variable, and the optimal power flow calculation is performed with the goal of minimizing the power generation cost. The node power balance equation is set as the user power consumption constraint condition, and the DC power flow model is constructed using the branch power flow characteristics. Wherein, the expression of the objective function is: ； In the formula, is the total number of time periods; , They are the number of generating units and energy storage equipment in the power grid respectively; , They are Time Generator and the power generation output of the purchased external electricity; and They are the energy storage devices at time t. The discharge power and charging power of , , are the unit power generation costs of the power grid generators, energy storage, and purchased external electricity, respectively. the cost of charging energy storage; The expression of the node power balance equation is: ； In the formula, , is the set of generators and energy storage devices at node n; , Node A collection of branches for inflow and outflow currents; for Time branch The trend of The expression of the DC power flow model is: ； ； ； In the formula, and They are nodes in the DC network. and nodes The square of the voltage amplitude; For DC network lines The square of the current amplitude; , DC network lines and Active power transmitted at the head end; For DC network lines Resistance; For Node Active power transmitted by the connected VSC from the DC grid.

7. The system for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The first computing unit is specifically configured to: Based on the calculation results of the DC power flow model, the carbon emission flow distribution is calculated by the carbon potential calculation formula to obtain the carbon emission factor and carbon flow density; ； ； Where L is the set of all branches, is the carbon emission factor at node n at time t, that is, carbon potential; is the carbon flow density of branch l; are the carbon emission intensity of generator set g respectively; is the downstream link of node n.

8. The system for monitoring and tracking electricity carbon for multiple users according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The second computing unit is specifically configured to: When a user does not have a sub-user, the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch is calculated according to the carbon emission flow distribution and the first load instantaneous carbon emission calculation formula; The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the first load is: ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the active load at the downstream node n in the branch at time t, is the carbon emission factor of node n at time t; When a user has multiple sub-users at different nodes, the instantaneous carbon emissions of the user's load are calculated based on the second load instantaneous carbon emissions calculation formula according to the carbon emission flow distribution; The calculation formula for the instantaneous carbon emissions of the second load is: ； In the formula, is the instantaneous carbon emission of the load of the i-th user at the j-th node at time t; is the active load of the ith user at the jth node at time t; is the carbon emission factor at the jth node at time t.

9. A device for monitoring and tracking electric carbon of multiple users, characterized in that: The device comprises a processor and a memory: The memory is used to store program code and transmit the program code to the processor; The processor is used to execute the method for multi-user carbon monitoring and tracking as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 according to the instructions in the program code.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium is used to store program code, and the program code is used to execute the method for multi-user subject electric carbon monitoring and tracking as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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