5G communication positioning integrated system based on RIS

Abstract

The invention discloses an RIS-based 5G communication positioning integrated system, and relates to the technical field of 5G communication, and the system comprises a reflection material optimization module which is responsible for selecting a new material with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics, constructing an RIS unit with a micro-nano structure, optimizing the material and the structure to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and then integrating the new material and the RIS unit into a 5G base station, the signal coverage range and quality are improved; the multi-frequency-band compatible module is responsible for responding to RIS units of multiple frequencies at the same time and dynamically adjusting frequency bands by using a radio technology; the hybrid positioning algorithm module is responsible for constructing a hybrid positioning algorithm in combination with data of multiple positioning technologies such as UWB, GPS and Bluetooth, enhancing the signal intensity in a specific area by using RIS reflection characteristics, and improving the positioning precision; and the system integration module is responsible for integrating the reflecting material optimization module, the multi-band compatible module and the hybrid positioning algorithm module into a 5G communication positioning integrated system and realizing coordination work among the modules through software interfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of 5G communication technology, and in particular to a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid deployment of 5G mobile communication technology around the world, its characteristics of high speed, low latency and high connection density are changing people's lifestyles and social production methods. However, while achieving high performance, 5G communication technology also faces many challenges, especially in terms of signal coverage and positioning accuracy. Traditional 5G base stations mainly rely on a combination of macro base stations and small base stations for signal coverage. Although this method can solve the signal coverage problem to a certain extent, there are still signal blind spots in complex urban environments and indoor scenes. In addition, traditional positioning technologies such as GPS and Bluetooth cannot achieve ideal positioning accuracy in indoor environments due to signal attenuation, especially in areas with dense buildings and severe obstruction. The positioning error increases significantly, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for precise positioning. In this context, the introduction of reconfigurable intelligent surface RIS has become a very promising solution, aiming to enhance signal coverage and quality by optimizing the electromagnetic wave propagation path, while combining multiple positioning technologies to improve positioning accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above existing problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS to solve the problem that signal blind spots still exist in complex urban environments and indoor scenes. In addition, traditional positioning technologies such as GPS and Bluetooth cannot achieve ideal positioning accuracy in indoor environments due to signal attenuation, especially in areas with dense buildings and severe obstruction. The positioning error increases significantly, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for precise positioning.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS, which includes:

[0007] The reflective material optimization module is responsible for selecting new materials with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics, building RIS units with micro-nano structures, optimizing materials and structures to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and then integrating them into 5G base stations to improve signal coverage and quality;

[0008] Multi-band compatible module, responsible for RIS units that respond to multiple frequencies simultaneously and dynamically adjust the frequency bands using radio technology;

[0009] The hybrid positioning algorithm module is responsible for combining the data of three positioning technologies, namely UWB, GPS and Bluetooth, to build a hybrid positioning algorithm, and uses the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area and improve positioning accuracy;

[0010] The system integration module is responsible for integrating the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module into the 5G communication and positioning integrated system. It coordinates the modules through the software interface, continuously adjusts and optimizes according to actual application conditions, and tests the overall performance of the system.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the specific steps of selecting a new material with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics to construct a RIS unit with a micro-nano structure are as follows:

[0012] Graphene is selected as the reflective material;

[0013] A periodic hexagonal pattern was selected as the micro-nanostructure;

[0014] The graphene material is integrated with the micro-nano structure, and the graphene flakes are deposited on the substrate through a deposition process to form a hexagonal pattern of micro-nano structures, thereby obtaining a RIS unit with high reflectivity, low loss characteristics and micro-nano structure.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the optimized materials and structures improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and then are integrated into the 5G base station to improve the signal coverage and quality, specifically,

[0016] Connect the RIS unit to be tested to one port of the vector network analyzer VNA;

[0017] Setting the frequency range on the vector network analyzer VNA based on the frequency of the RIS unit;

[0018] Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which transmits a signal to the RIS unit and measures the strength and phase of the reflected signal, thereby calculating the reflection coefficient;

[0019] Record the reflection coefficient at different frequencies;

[0020] For transmission coefficient testing, the RIS unit is placed between two ports of the VNA, with one port sending the signal and the other port receiving the signal that passes through the RIS unit;

[0021] Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which sends a signal from one port, passes it through the RIS unit, and then measures the received signal strength and phase at another port, thereby calculating the transmission coefficient;

[0022] Record the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency;

[0023] Based on the test results, the objective function and constraints are constructed to optimize the structural parameters of the RIS unit. The expression is:

[0024]

[0025] Where f represents the objective function, R max Indicates the maximum reflectivity, L min represents the minimum loss, e represents the base of the natural logarithm, α represents the attenuation coefficient, and d min represents the minimum spacing distance of RIS units, d represents the actual spacing between RIS units, and d max Indicates the maximum separation distance of RIS units, t min and t max They represent the minimum and maximum RIS unit thicknesses, respectively, and tI represents the actual RIS unit thickness;

[0026] The optimized RIS unit is integrated into the 5G base station, seamlessly connected to the 5G base station through the software interface, and the working mode of RIS is dynamically adjusted according to the network status.

[0027] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the RIS unit that responds to multiple frequencies simultaneously is specifically:

[0028] Microstrip antennas are selected as basic units. Each unit consists of a dielectric substrate, a metal patch, and a ground layer. Multi-band response is achieved by adjusting the shape and size of the metal patch.

[0029] Using SDR technology to dynamically adjust the frequency band, USRP was selected as the hardware platform.

[0030] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the specific steps of dynamically adjusting the frequency band using radio technology are as follows:

[0031] Construct sensitivity function S based on different frequencies of radio i (ω), the expression is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, S i(ω) represents the sensitivity function of the i-th factor to the frequency ω, A i represents the amplitude of the ith factor, B i represents the frequency sensitivity coefficient of the i-th factor, ω represents the frequency variable, ω 0 represents the center frequency, i.e. the frequency point where the ith factor is most sensitive, C i represents the frequency attenuation coefficient of the i-th factor, i represents the index variable;

[0034] Automatically adjust the working frequency band of RIS according to the current network status and communication requirements. The expression is:

[0035]

[0036] Where F(ω) represents the frequency band selection function, n represents the total number of factors affecting the frequency band selection, and w i represents the weight of the i-th factor, P(ω) represents the network load at frequency ω, and θ is a constant.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the hybrid positioning algorithm is constructed by combining the data of the three positioning technologies of UWB, GPS and Bluetooth, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] Collect signal data from three positioning technologies: UWB, GPS and Bluetooth. UWB obtains high-precision short-distance positioning, GPS obtains long-distance positioning with global coverage, and Bluetooth obtains auxiliary positioning information in indoor environments.

[0039] Preprocessing the collected raw signal data;

[0040] A hybrid positioning algorithm is constructed based on the preprocessed data, and the expression is:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, L(x) represents the comprehensive positioning result at position x, L j (x) represents the positioning result of the jth positioning technology at position x, j represents the index variable, and w j represents the weight of the j-th positioning technology, β represents the noise impact factor, and N(x) represents the noise level at position x.

[0043] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the RIS reflection characteristics are used to enhance the signal strength in a specific area and improve the positioning accuracy, specifically,

[0044] In areas where the signal is weak and interfered, the signal strength is enhanced through the RIS reflection characteristic, expressed as:

[0045]

[0046] Where S(x) represents the signal strength at position x, r k (x) represents the reflection coefficient of the kth RIS reflection unit at position x, γ k represents the gain factor of the kth RIS reflection unit, and m represents the number of RIS reflection units involved in signal enhancement;

[0047] The result S(x) of RIS reflection characteristic enhancement is combined into the hybrid positioning algorithm, and the expression is:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, L'(x) represents the final positioning result at position x, is a constant, representing the signal enhancement factor.

[0050] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the reflective material optimization module, the multi-band compatible module and the hybrid positioning algorithm module are integrated into the 5G communication and positioning integrated system, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0051] Use the unified JSON format as the standard format for data exchange, and use the RESTful API as the protocol for communication between modules;

[0052] Start the system and initialize each module, loading the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module in sequence;

[0053] Configure the working parameters of each module according to system requirements and user needs.

[0054] As a preferred solution of the RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system of the present invention, the coordination between the modules is realized through the software interface, and the overall performance of the system is tested by continuous adjustment and optimization according to the actual application situation, specifically,

[0055] Connect the modules through software interface;

[0056] The comprehensive performance evaluation of the integrated 5G communication and positioning system is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Among them, P(x) represents the comprehensive performance index score at position x, γ represents the load influence factor, and P load (x) represents the network load at location x.

[0059] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention selects new materials with high reflectivity and low loss through a reflective material optimization module, constructs a RIS unit with a micro-nano structure, optimizes materials and structures to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and integrates them into 5G base stations, significantly improving the signal coverage and quality. The multi-band compatible module enables the RIS unit to respond to multiple frequencies, and uses radio technology to dynamically adjust the frequency band, thereby improving the spectrum utilization and system flexibility. The hybrid positioning algorithm module combines data from multiple positioning technologies such as UWB, GPS, and Bluetooth, and utilizes the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area, thereby greatly improving the positioning accuracy. The system integration module seamlessly connects the functional modules, and the software interface realizes coordinated work. The system is continuously adjusted and optimized according to actual application conditions to ensure the overall performance and stability of the system. Finally, the present invention achieves significant beneficial effects in terms of signal coverage, frequency band compatibility, positioning accuracy, and system integration, and provides more stable and reliable communication and positioning services. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative work.

[0061] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0063] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0064] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0065] Example 1, reference Figure 1, which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and provides a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS, comprising the following steps:

[0066] The reflective material optimization module is responsible for selecting new materials with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics, building RIS units with micro-nano structures, optimizing materials and structures to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and then integrating them into 5G base stations to improve signal coverage and quality;

[0067] Graphene is selected as the reflective material. The reason for selecting graphene is that it can maintain high reflectivity over a wide frequency range and has low loss, making it suitable for building efficient RIS units.

[0068] A periodic hexagonal pattern was selected as the micro-nanostructure;

[0069] Integrate graphene materials with micro-nano structures. Deposit graphene sheets onto substrates through a deposition process to form hexagonal micro-nano structures, thereby obtaining RIS units with high reflectivity, low loss characteristics and micro-nano structures. This process requires precise control of deposition conditions, including temperature and pressure, which are adjusted according to needs to ensure the quality and structural integrity of graphene films.

[0070] In a laboratory environment, a vector network analyzer (VNA) is used to perform performance tests on the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of the RIS unit.

[0071] Prepare the RIS unit to be tested and ensure it is clean and free of contamination;

[0072] Connect the RIS unit to be tested to one port of the vector network analyzer VNA. For reflection coefficient testing, only connect one port.

[0073] Based on the frequency of the RIS unit, set the frequency range on the vector network analyzer VNA, which can be set according to the needs. At the same time, choose the appropriate power level to avoid damaging the sample and VNA;

[0074] Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which transmits a signal to the RIS unit and measures the strength and phase of the reflected signal, thereby calculating the reflection coefficient;

[0075] Record the reflection coefficient at different frequencies;

[0076] For transmission coefficient testing, the RIS unit is placed between two ports of the VNA, with one port sending the signal and the other port receiving the signal that passes through the RIS unit;

[0077] Also set the frequency range and power level to ensure that the design specifications of the RIS unit are met;

[0078] Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which sends a signal from one port, passes it through the RIS unit, and then measures the received signal strength and phase at another port, thereby calculating the transmission coefficient;

[0079] Record the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency;

[0080] The reflection coefficient is calculated as follows:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, S 11 Represents the reflection coefficient, which is the ratio of the reflected signal received by the port to the incident signal. V refl Represents the reflected voltage, V inc represents the incident voltage;

[0083] Frequency change, calculated as,

[0084]

[0085] Among them, S 21 Represents the transmission coefficient, which represents the ratio of the transmitted signal to the incident signal, V trans Represents the transmission voltage, V inc represents the incident voltage;

[0086] Based on the test results, the objective function and constraints are constructed to optimize the structural parameters of the RIS unit. The expression is:

[0087]

[0088] Where f represents the objective function, R max Indicates the maximum reflectivity. The reflection coefficient of the RIS unit at different frequencies is measured by a vector network analyzer VNA to determine its maximum reflectivity, L min represents the minimum loss. The transmission coefficient of the RIS unit at different frequencies is measured by a vector network analyzer VNA to determine its minimum loss. e represents the base of the natural logarithm, α represents the attenuation coefficient, and d min represents the minimum spacing distance of RIS units, d represents the actual spacing between RIS units, and d max Indicates the maximum separation distance of RIS units, t min and t max They represent the minimum and maximum RIS unit thicknesses, respectively, and tI represents the actual RIS unit thickness;

[0089] The optimized RIS unit is integrated into the 5G base station as part of the reflection surface to improve signal coverage and quality. During the actual deployment process, it is seamlessly connected with the 5G base station through the software interface, and the working mode of RIS is dynamically adjusted according to the network status.

[0090] Multi-band compatible module, responsible for RIS units that respond to multiple frequencies simultaneously and dynamically adjust the frequency bands using radio technology;

[0091] Microstrip antennas are chosen as basic units because they have good multi-band characteristics and are easy to integrate. Each unit consists of a dielectric substrate, a metal patch, and a ground layer. Multi-band response is achieved by adjusting the shape and size of the metal patch.

[0092] Using SDR technology to dynamically adjust the frequency band, SDR allows hardware parameters to be reconfigured through software to adapt to different communication frequency bands. USRP was chosen as the hardware platform because it supports multiple frequency bands and has rich software library support;

[0093] Construct sensitivity function S based on different frequencies of radio i (ω), the expression is:

[0094]

[0095] Among them, S i (ω) represents the sensitivity function of the i-th factor to the frequency ω, A i represents the amplitude of the ith factor, B i represents the frequency sensitivity coefficient of the i-th factor, ω represents the frequency variable, ω 0 represents the center frequency, i.e. the frequency point where the ith factor is most sensitive, C i represents the frequency attenuation coefficient of the i-th factor, i represents the index variable;

[0096] Automatically adjust the working frequency band of RIS according to the current network status and communication requirements. The expression is:

[0097]

[0098] Where F(ω) represents the frequency band selection function, n represents the total number of factors affecting the frequency band selection, and w i represents the weight of the i-th factor, P(ω) represents the network load at frequency ω, and θ is a constant, i.e., the network load influencing factor, which is used to adjust the importance of network load on frequency band selection.

[0099] The hybrid positioning algorithm module is responsible for combining the data of three positioning technologies, namely UWB, GPS and Bluetooth, to build a hybrid positioning algorithm, and uses the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area and improve positioning accuracy;

[0100] Collect signal data from three positioning technologies: UWB, GPS and Bluetooth. UWB obtains high-precision short-distance positioning, GPS obtains long-distance positioning with global coverage, and Bluetooth obtains auxiliary positioning information in indoor environments.

[0101] Preprocess the collected raw signal data, including removing noise and calibrating time stamps, to ensure data consistency and accuracy;

[0102] A hybrid positioning algorithm is constructed based on the preprocessed data, and the expression is:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, L(x) represents the comprehensive positioning result at position x, L j (x) represents the positioning result of the jth positioning technology at position x, j represents the index variable, and the value range is 1, 2, 3, corresponding to UWB, GPS and Bluetooth respectively, w j represents the weight of the jth positioning technology, β represents the noise impact factor, and N(x) represents the noise level at position x;

[0105] The value range of L(x) is a positive real number, and the larger the value, the higher the positioning accuracy at position x;

[0106] L j The value range of (x) is also a positive real number, reflecting the positioning accuracy of each positioning technology at position x;

[0107] The range of N(x) is also a positive real number, and a larger value indicates a higher noise level at position x;

[0108] In areas where the signal is weak and interfered, the signal strength is enhanced through the RIS reflection characteristic, expressed as:

[0109]

[0110] Where S(x) represents the signal strength at position x, r k (x) represents the reflection coefficient of the kth RIS reflection unit at position x, γ k Represents the gain factor of the kth RIS reflection unit. By measuring the signal enhancement effect of each RIS reflection unit at different positions, γ is determined. k The value of , m represents the number of RIS reflection units involved in signal enhancement;

[0111] The result S(x) of RIS reflection characteristic enhancement is combined into the hybrid positioning algorithm, and the expression is:

[0112]

[0113] Among them, L'(x) represents the final positioning result at position x, is a constant, indicating the signal enhancement factor;

[0114] The value range of S(x) is a positive real number. The larger the value, the higher the signal strength at position x.

[0115] The system integration module is responsible for integrating the reflective material optimization module, the multi-band compatibility module and the hybrid positioning algorithm module into the 5G communication positioning integrated system, realizing the coordination between the modules through the software interface, and continuously adjusting and optimizing according to the actual application situation to test the overall performance of the system;

[0116] Use the unified JSON format as the standard format for data exchange, and use the RESTful API as the protocol for communication between modules;

[0117] Start the system and initialize each module, loading the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module in sequence;

[0118] According to system requirements and user needs, configure the working parameters of each module, including the structural parameters of the RIS unit, the frequency band selection parameters, and the weight parameters in the hybrid positioning algorithm;

[0119] Connect the modules through software interfaces to ensure smooth flow of data between modules;

[0120] The comprehensive performance evaluation of the integrated 5G communication and positioning system is as follows:

[0121]

[0122] Among them, P(x) represents the comprehensive performance index score at position x, reflecting the comprehensive performance of the system at this position. γ represents the load impact factor, which is used to adjust the impact of network load on the comprehensive performance index. load (x) represents the network load at location x, reflecting the network communication burden at that location;

[0123] Comprehensive performance indicators, including positioning accuracy, signal strength, noise level and network load;

[0124] The larger the value of P(x), the better the overall performance at position x, that is, more accurate positioning, stronger signal, lower noise, and lighter network load.

[0125] This embodiment also provides a computer device, which is suitable for the case of a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute computer executable instructions to implement the 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0126] The computer device may be a terminal, and the computer device includes a processor, a memory, a communication interface, a display screen and an input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and a computer program. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal in a wired or wireless manner, and the wireless manner can be achieved through WIFI, an operator network, NFC (near field communication) or other technologies. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display screen or an electronic ink display screen, and the input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or a key, trackball or touchpad provided on the housing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad or mouse, etc.

[0127] This embodiment also provides a storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by the processor, the RIS-based integrated 5G communication and positioning system is implemented as proposed in the above embodiment; the storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory, SRAM for short), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM for short), erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM for short), programmable read-only memory (Programmable Red-Only Memory, PROM for short), read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM for short), magnetic storage, flash memory, disk or optical disk.

[0128] In summary, the present invention adopts the following methods: the reflective material optimization module selects new materials with high reflectivity and low loss, and constructs a RIS unit with a micro-nano structure, optimizes materials and structures to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and integrates them into 5G base stations, thereby significantly improving the signal coverage and quality; the multi-band compatible module enables the RIS unit to respond to multiple frequencies, and uses radio technology to dynamically adjust the frequency band, thereby improving the spectrum utilization and system flexibility; the hybrid positioning algorithm module combines the data of multiple positioning technologies such as UWB, GPS, and Bluetooth, and utilizes the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area, thereby greatly improving the positioning accuracy; the system integration module seamlessly connects the functional modules, and coordinates the work through the software interface; the system is continuously adjusted and optimized according to the actual application situation, thereby ensuring the overall performance and stability of the system; finally, the present invention achieves significant beneficial effects in terms of signal coverage, frequency band compatibility, positioning accuracy, and system integration, and provides more stable and reliable communication and positioning services.

[0129] Example 2, referring to Table 1, is the second example of the present invention. In order to further verify the technical solution of the present invention, experimental simulation data of a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS is provided.

[0130] Example 1 provides a 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS. First, graphene with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics is selected as the reflective material, and a RIS unit with a micro-nano structure is constructed. The graphene flakes are deposited on the substrate through a deposition process to form a micro-nano structure with a periodic hexagonal pattern, ensuring the high reflectivity and low loss characteristics of the RIS unit. Subsequently, the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of the RIS unit are performance tested using a vector network analyzer VNA in a laboratory environment. During the test, an appropriate frequency range and power level are set, and the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient at different frequencies are recorded. Based on the test results, the objective function and constraint conditions are constructed, and the structural parameters of the RIS unit are optimized.

[0131] Next, a microstrip antenna was selected as the basic unit of the multi-band compatible module, and the software-defined radio (SDR) technology was used to dynamically adjust the frequency band. USRP was selected as the hardware platform, and multi-band response was achieved through software library support. By constructing a sensitivity function, the operating frequency band of RIS was automatically adjusted to adapt to different communication needs.

[0132] In the hybrid positioning algorithm module, signal data were collected from three positioning technologies: UWB, GPS and Bluetooth. The original signal data was preprocessed, including noise removal and timestamp calibration. A hybrid positioning algorithm was constructed based on the preprocessed data, and the RIS reflection characteristics were used to enhance the signal strength in a specific area, further improving the positioning accuracy.

[0133] Finally, the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module were integrated into the 5G communication and positioning integrated system through the system integration module. The unified JSON format was used as the data exchange standard, and the communication between modules was realized through the RESTful API. After starting the system, each module was loaded in turn, and the working parameters of each module were configured according to the system requirements and user needs. The modules were connected through the software interface to ensure that the data could flow smoothly between the modules, and a comprehensive performance evaluation was carried out on the integrated system.

[0134] The details are shown in Table 1 below:

[0135] Table 1 Experimental record table

[0136]

[0137] It can be seen from the above table data that compared with the prior art, the present invention shows significant advantages in many aspects. First, in terms of signal coverage, the prior art can only cover a distance of 100 meters, while the present invention significantly expands the signal coverage to 150 meters by optimizing the reflective material and structure, which is an increase of 50%. This means that under the same conditions, the present invention can better serve a wider geographical area, especially in the case of weak signals and obstructions, and can provide more stable communication services.

[0138] Secondly, in terms of signal strength, the signal strength of the prior art is -70dBm, while the present invention improves the signal strength to -55dBm by optimizing the RIS unit, which is an increase of 15dBm. This increase in signal strength shows that the present invention reduces attenuation during signal transmission and enhances signal transmission efficiency, thereby improving communication quality, which is particularly important for improving user experience, especially in environments with weak signals indoors and in underground parking lots.

[0139] Furthermore, in terms of positioning accuracy, the positioning accuracy of the prior art is 3 meters, while the present invention combines the data of multiple positioning technologies through a hybrid positioning algorithm module and utilizes the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength, thereby improving the positioning accuracy to 1 meter. This means that the present invention can provide more accurate positioning services, especially in application scenarios that require high-precision positioning, including autonomous driving vehicle navigation and indoor object tracking, and can play an important role.

[0140] Finally, in terms of network load, the network load of the prior art is 0.7, while the present invention reduces the network load to 0.4 through a multi-band compatible module and dynamic band adjustment technology. This shows that the present invention can more effectively manage spectrum resources, reduce network burden, and thus improve overall system performance, which is crucial to meet the large-scale connection requirements of future 5G networks.

[0141] In summary, the present invention has achieved significant improvements in signal coverage, signal strength, positioning accuracy, network load and other aspects through key technologies such as reflective material optimization, multi-band compatibility, hybrid positioning algorithm and system integration, demonstrating its innovation and advantages in the field of 5G communication positioning.

[0142] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A 5G communication and positioning integrated system based on RIS, characterized by: include, The reflective material optimization module is responsible for selecting new materials with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics, building RIS units with micro-nano structures, optimizing materials and structures to improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and then integrating them into 5G base stations to improve signal coverage and quality; Multi-band compatible module, responsible for RIS units that respond to multiple frequencies simultaneously and dynamically adjust the frequency bands using radio technology; The hybrid positioning algorithm module is responsible for combining the data of three positioning technologies, namely UWB, GPS and Bluetooth, to build a hybrid positioning algorithm, and uses the RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area and improve positioning accuracy; The system integration module is responsible for integrating the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module into the 5G communication and positioning integrated system. It coordinates the modules through the software interface, continuously adjusts and optimizes according to actual application conditions, and tests the overall performance of the system.

2. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of selecting a new material with high reflectivity and low loss characteristics and constructing a RIS unit with a micro-nano structure are as follows: Graphene is selected as the reflective material; A periodic hexagonal pattern was selected as the micro-nanostructure; The graphene material is integrated with the micro-nano structure, and the graphene flakes are deposited on the substrate through a deposition process to form a hexagonal pattern of micro-nano structures, thereby obtaining a RIS unit with high reflectivity, low loss characteristics and micro-nano structure.

3. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The optimized materials and structures improve the reflection efficiency of electromagnetic waves, and are then integrated into 5G base stations to improve signal coverage and quality. Specifically, Connect the RIS unit to be tested to one port of the vector network analyzer VNA; Setting the frequency range on the vector network analyzer VNA based on the frequency of the RIS unit; Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which transmits a signal to the RIS unit and measures the strength and phase of the reflected signal, thereby calculating the reflection coefficient; Record the reflection coefficient at different frequencies; For transmission coefficient testing, the RIS unit is placed between two ports of the VNA, with one port sending the signal and the other port receiving the signal that passes through the RIS unit; Start the vector network analyzer VNA, which sends a signal from one port, passes it through the RIS unit, and then measures the received signal strength and phase at another port, thereby calculating the transmission coefficient; Record the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency; Based on the test results, the objective function and constraints are constructed to optimize the structural parameters of the RIS unit. The expression is: Where f represents the objective function, R max Indicates the maximum reflectivity, L min represents the minimum loss, e represents the base of the natural logarithm, α represents the attenuation coefficient, and d min represents the minimum spacing distance of RIS units, d represents the actual spacing between RIS units, and d max Indicates the maximum separation distance of RIS units, t min and t max They represent the minimum and maximum RIS unit thicknesses, respectively, and tI represents the actual RIS unit thickness; The optimized RIS unit is integrated into the 5G base station, seamlessly connected to the 5G base station through the software interface, and the working mode of RIS is dynamically adjusted according to the network status.

4. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The RIS unit that responds to multiple frequencies simultaneously is specifically: Microstrip antennas are selected as basic units. Each unit consists of a dielectric substrate, a metal patch, and a ground layer. Multi-band response is achieved by adjusting the shape and size of the metal patch. Using SDR technology to dynamically adjust the frequency band, USRP was selected as the hardware platform.

5. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of dynamically adjusting the frequency band using radio technology are as follows: Construct sensitivity function S based on different frequencies of radio i (ω), the expression is: Among them, S i (ω) represents the sensitivity function of the i-th factor to the frequency ω, A i represents the amplitude of the ith factor, B i represents the frequency sensitivity coefficient of the i-th factor, ω represents the frequency variable, ω0 represents the center frequency, that is, the frequency point where the i-th factor is most sensitive, C i represents the frequency attenuation coefficient of the i-th factor, i represents the index variable; Automatically adjust the working frequency band of RIS according to the current network status and communication requirements. The expression is: Where F(ω) represents the frequency band selection function, n represents the total number of factors affecting the frequency band selection, and w i represents the weight of the i-th factor, P(ω) represents the network load at frequency ω, and θ is a constant.

6. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The hybrid positioning algorithm is constructed by combining the data of the three positioning technologies of UWB, GPS and Bluetooth. The specific steps are as follows: Collect signal data from three positioning technologies: UWB, GPS and Bluetooth. UWB obtains high-precision short-distance positioning, GPS obtains long-distance positioning with global coverage, and Bluetooth obtains auxiliary positioning information in indoor environments. Preprocessing the collected raw signal data; A hybrid positioning algorithm is constructed based on the preprocessed data, and the expression is: Among them, L(x) represents the comprehensive positioning result at position x, L j (x) represents the positioning result of the jth positioning technology at position x, j represents the index variable, and w j represents the weight of the j-th positioning technology, β represents the noise impact factor, and N(x) represents the noise level at position x.

7. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The use of RIS reflection characteristics to enhance the signal strength in a specific area and improve positioning accuracy is specifically as follows: In areas where the signal is weak and interfered, the signal strength is enhanced through the RIS reflection characteristic, expressed as: Where S(x) represents the signal strength at position x, r k (x) represents the reflection coefficient of the kth RIS reflection unit at position x, γ k represents the gain factor of the kth RIS reflection unit, and m represents the number of RIS reflection units involved in signal enhancement; The result S(x) of RIS reflection characteristic enhancement is combined into the hybrid positioning algorithm, and the expression is: Among them, L ′ (x) represents the final positioning result at position x, is a constant, representing the signal enhancement factor.

8. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The specific steps of integrating the reflective material optimization module, the multi-band compatible module and the hybrid positioning algorithm module into the 5G communication and positioning integrated system are as follows: Use the unified JSON format as the standard format for data exchange, and use the RESTful API as the protocol for communication between modules; Start the system and initialize each module, loading the reflective material optimization module, multi-band compatibility module and hybrid positioning algorithm module in sequence; Configure the working parameters of each module according to system requirements and user needs.

9. The RIS-based 5G communication and positioning integrated system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The software interface is used to coordinate the work between the modules, and the overall performance of the test system is tested by continuous adjustment and optimization according to the actual application situation. Specifically, Connect the modules through software interface; The comprehensive performance evaluation of the integrated 5G communication and positioning system is as follows: Among them, P(x) represents the comprehensive performance index score at position x, γ represents the load influence factor, and P load (x) represents the network load at location x.

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