Method for regulating and controlling growth of corn double ears by strigolactones inhibitor to improve yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a method for promoting growth of a second ear of corn to increase the yield of a single plant, and the method comprises the step of applying a strigolactone inhibitor to corn, and the strigolactone inhibitor is TIS108 or B4. The methods of the present application utilize strigolactones inhibitors TIS108 and / or B4 to promote growth, pollination, and fruiting of the second ear of corn. This helps to balance the development of the first and second ears on the corn plant, thereby increasing the yield of corn. The method has important significance on promoting the growth of the corn and increasing the yield, and meanwhile, the implementation target of green agriculture is also met.

Description

Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of agricultural production technology, and in particular to a method for promoting the development and fruiting of a second ear of corn to balance its growth with that of a first ear to increase the yield per plant. Background Art

[0003] Corn is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its yield and quality are crucial to global food security. As a major agricultural producer, China has been continuously focusing on the improvement of food development and has made "increasing grain yields on a large scale" the focus of food production. Conventional cultivation methods increase yield per unit area by increasing planting density, but excessive density can cause lodging, resulting in reduced production and poor harvests.

[0004] Currently, there are methods to increase yield by applying plant growth regulators, etc. However, these plant growth regulators are either expensive or require large amounts of spraying, which can easily cause adverse effects on the environment.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to propose a plant growth regulation method that is easy to apply, environmentally friendly and has a strong effect on increasing corn yield. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present application solves at least one of the problems of the related art from the following aspects.

[0007] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for promoting the development and fruiting of a second ear of corn to balance its growth with that of a first ear to increase the yield per plant, comprising: applying a strigolactone inhibitor to corn.

[0008] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is TIS108 and / or B4, preferably B4, wherein the structure of TIS108 is shown in Formula I, and the structure of B4 is shown in Formula II:

[0009]

[0010]

[0011] Where R 1 =3-OCH3, R 2 =-(CH2)2O(CH2)2-.

[0012] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is B4.

[0013] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is administered at a concentration of 1-20 μM, preferably 5-15 μM.

[0014] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is administered at a concentration of 5 μM or 10 μM.

[0015] In some embodiments, the administration amount of the strigolactone inhibitor is 5-15 ml / plant / day, preferably 8-10 ml / plant / day, more preferably 10 ml / plant / day.

[0016] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is applied at the 6-leaf to 14-leaf stage of corn, preferably at the 10-leaf to 14-leaf stage.

[0017] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is administered once to twice daily for at least ten consecutive days.

[0018] In some embodiments, the application comprises: root irrigation, injection into the plant body and / or spraying on the plant surface, preferably spraying on the plant surface, and the plant surface optionally includes roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and / or seed surfaces, preferably stems and / or leaves, preferably, stems and leaves adjacent to the first ear of corn and / or the second ear.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: applying other agricultural preparations to the corn, wherein the other agricultural preparations are selected from one or more of the following: fungicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners.

[0020] The embodiments of the present application also propose the use of a strigolactone inhibitor in increasing the yield per plant, wherein the strigolactone inhibitor promotes the development and fruiting of the second ear of corn to balance its growth with the first ear to increase the yield per plant. In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor is TIS108 and / or B4, whose structures are shown in Formula I and Formula II, respectively.

[0021] In some embodiments, the strigolactone inhibitor also promotes corn pollination and fruiting to increase the yield per plant.

[0022] The embodiments of the present application achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present application first discovered that the application of a strigolactone inhibitor can effectively promote the growth and development of the second ear of corn and pollination and fruiting, thereby balancing the development of the first and second ears of corn, increasing the yield of corn per plant and increasing the yield per unit area. The method proposed in the present application is of great significance to the promotion of corn growth and yield and the implementation of green agriculture. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The effect of the spraying concentration of TIS108 solution or brassinolide (BR) solution according to the examples of the present application on the development of female ears at different ear positions of corn inbred variety B73 is shown;

[0026] Figure 2 The effect of the spraying concentration of TIS108 solution according to the example of the present application on the development of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958 is shown, Bar=2cm;

[0027] Figure 3 The effect of the spraying concentration of TIS108 solution according to the example of the present application on the pollination of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958 is shown, Bar=5cm;

[0028] Figure 4 The effect of the spraying concentration of TIS108 solution according to the example of the present application on the yield of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958 is shown;

[0029] Figure 5 The effect of spraying TIS108 solution or B4 solution according to the examples of the present application on the growth and yield of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958 is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The examples provided are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The examples provided below can be used as a guide for further improvements by those of ordinary skill in the art and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0031] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or the product instructions are used. If no manufacturer is specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0032] In a first aspect of the embodiment of the present application, a method for promoting the development and fruiting of a second ear of corn to balance its growth with that of a first ear to increase the yield per plant is proposed, comprising applying a strigolactone inhibitor to corn, wherein the strigolactone inhibitor may be TIS108 and / or B4, wherein the structure of TIS108 is shown in Formula I, and the structure of B4 is shown in Formula II:

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Where R 1 =3-OCH3, R 2 =-(CH2)2O(CH2)2-. The inventors have found through a large number of experiments and verifications that when a strigolactone inhibitor (such as TIS108 and / or B4, especially B4) is applied to corn, it can effectively promote and balance the growth and development of the second ear of corn, thereby increasing the number of harvestable ears per corn plant from one ear to two ears. In addition, the application of a strigolactone inhibitor can also increase the pollination and fruiting rate of corn, thereby effectively increasing the yield per plant.

[0036] Corn, as a grass plant, is a typical cross-pollination crop. The life of corn is mainly divided into three stages: the seedling stage, the ear stage and the flower and grain stage, wherein the period from jointing to tasseling of corn is called the ear stage. In the embodiment of the present application, "ear" refers to a solid female ear, which is located in the middle of the plant and is also called a fruit ear. Each spikelet of corn has two flowers, but only one can be solid, so generally speaking, the solidity of corn is mainly single ear. The inventors of the present application have discovered for the first time through research that the application of a trichololactone inhibitor can effectively promote the growth and development of the second ear of corn, and promote solidity, thereby balancing its growth with the first ear, thereby greatly improving the single plant yield of corn, and providing a new feasible idea for increasing corn production.

[0037] In the examples of the present application, "TIS108" (as shown in Formula I) refers to a triazole-type strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, "B4" (as shown in Formula II) refers to a triazole-type strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor, for specific information, see Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1H-1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives as Strigolactone Biosynthesis Inhibitors. J. Plant Growth Regul. 2023, DOI: 10.1007 / s00344-023-11133-6, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0039] In the examples of the present application, the application concentration of TIS108, B4 alone or in combination can be 1-20 μM, preferably 5-15 μM, more preferably 5 μM or 10 μM. In the examples of the present application, compared with other concentrations, the application of this specific concentration of TIS108 and / or B4 can effectively promote the growth and development of corn ears and pollination and fruiting, and has a significant yield-increasing effect on corn.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, the application amount of TIS108, B4 alone or in combination can be 5-15 ml / plant / day, preferably 8-10 ml / plant / day, and more preferably 10 ml / plant / day.

[0041] In the examples of the present application, the administration frequency of TIS108 is one to two times a day.

[0042] It can be understood that applying TIS108 and / or B4 at a specific concentration in a specific amount and at a specific frequency to corn can effectively promote the growth and development of two ears of corn and pollination and fruiting, which has a significant yield-increasing effect on corn.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the TIS108 and / or B4 are applied during the 6-leaf to 14-leaf period of corn, preferably during the 10-leaf to 14-leaf period. It can be understood that by applying the strigolactone inhibitor during the 6-leaf to 14-leaf period, especially during the 10-leaf to 14-leaf period, which is critical for the growth of the ear during the growth period of corn, the growth and development of two ears of corn and pollination and fruiting can be effectively promoted, which has a significant yield-increasing effect on corn.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, "application" may include: root irrigation, injection into the plant body and / or spraying on the plant surface, wherein the plant surface may optionally include the surface of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and / or seeds, preferably stems and / or leaves, in particular stems and leaves adjacent to the first ear of corn and / or the second ear of corn. It is understood that when the strigolactone inhibitor is used, for example, on the stems and leaves adjacent to the first ear of corn and / or the second ear of corn, it can effectively act on the second ear of corn and promote its balanced growth, thereby increasing the yield per plant of corn and increasing the yield per unit area.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the method also includes applying other agricultural preparations to corn, and the other agricultural preparations are selected from one or more of the following: fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners. It is understood that these agricultural preparations can be applied synchronously or at intervals with the strigolactone inhibitor, and can exist in various forms, such as wettable powders, water-dispersible granules, suspensions, aqueous emulsions, granules, seed coating agents or combinations thereof. It is understood that the agricultural preparations in the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the type of specific preparations as long as they are guaranteed to be beneficial to plant growth.

[0046] The second aspect of the embodiment of the present application proposes the use of a strigolactone inhibitor in improving the yield per plant, wherein the strigolactone inhibitor promotes the balanced growth of the second ear of corn to increase the yield per plant, and the strigolactone inhibitor can optionally be TIS108 and / or B4, whose structures are shown in Formula I and Formula II, respectively.

[0047] In the examples of the present application, the strigolactone inhibitor also promotes corn pollination and fruiting to increase the yield per plant.

[0048] It should be noted that the explanation of the embodiment of the method for promoting the growth of the second ear of corn to increase the yield per plant in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application is also applicable to the use of the monocotyledon inhibitor in increasing the yield per plant proposed in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application, and will not be repeated here.

[0049] The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional methods, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can all be obtained from commercial channels.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the quantitative analysis experiments in the following examples were performed three times and the results were averaged.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] This example compares the performance of brassinolide (BR, a stress-resistant growth-promoting hormone widely studied in rice) and strigolactone inhibitors in promoting the development of corn second ears. The specific steps are as follows.

[0053] 1.1 Preparation of the strigolactone inhibitor TIS108 and BR reagent

[0054] Accurately weigh 33.54 mg of TIS108 reagent (source leaf, S25193) powder, dissolve it in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and add water to 10 ml to prepare a 10 mM TIS108 mother solution. When using, dilute the mother solution in a gradient manner to prepare 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, and 1 μM TIS108 reagents. Prepare BR reagents of corresponding concentrations in the same way.

[0055] 1.2 Reagent handling

[0056] Plant corn inbred line B73, and when it grows to 10-14 leaves, select corn materials with consistent growth, treat every four rows as a group, spray each group with different concentrations of TIS108 reagent and BR reagent (0.1μM, 0.5μM, 1μM), set water treatment as the control group, spray corn leaves and stems near the first ear, second ear, and third ear, 10-20ml per plant, and spray once a day.

[0057] 1.3 Determination of female ear phenotypes at different ear positions of corn: 10 days after spraying different concentrations of TIS108 reagent and BR reagent, the female ears at different ear positions of corn were measured. The results are as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0058] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that compared with the control group, the monolactone inhibitor TIS108 and the BR reagent both have a certain effect on promoting the growth of two ears. Compared with the BR reagent, the different concentration groups of the TIS108 reagent showed a better two-ear growth-promoting effect, especially the 0.5μM TIS108 reagent treatment group. In addition, by observing the growth of the three ears after spraying, it was found that compared with the BR reagent, spraying TIS108 can also significantly promote the growth and elongation of the three ears (such as 0.1μM and 0.5μM TIS108 reagent treatment groups), indicating that compared with BR, the monolactone inhibitor proposed in the embodiment of the present application can effectively promote the development of two and three ears of corn, and has great application potential in the new use of increasing corn yield.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] This example explores the effect of the spraying concentration of the strigolactone inhibitor TIS108 on the double ear growth of the corn hybrid ZD958. The experiment was repeated three times, and the method of each repeated experiment was as follows.

[0061] (1) Preparation of TIS108 solution: Accurately weigh 33.54 mg of TIS108 reagent (source leaf, S25193) powder, dissolve it in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and add water to 10 ml to prepare a 10 mM TIS108 stock solution. When used, the stock solution is diluted in a gradient manner to prepare 10 μM, 5 μM, and 1 μM TIS108 reagents.

[0062] (2) Material preparation: The corn variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) was used as the experimental material.

[0063] (3) Material planting: ZD958 seeds were sown according to the following steps: maize ZD958 seeds were selected and sown with a row spacing of 50 cm, a plant spacing of 50 cm, and a row length of 3.5 m. Double seeds were sown, and thinning and leaf positions were marked around the fourth leaf expansion.

[0064] (4) TIS108 reagent treatment: When the corn grows to 10-14 leaves, select corn materials with consistent growth. Every four rows are treated as a group. Each group is sprayed with different concentrations of TIS108 reagent (10μM, 5μM, 1μM). The control group is treated with clean water. The corn leaves and the stems near the first and second ears are sprayed with 10-20ml per plant, and the spraying is done once a day.

[0065] (5) Determination of female ear phenotype at different ear positions of corn: 10 days after spraying different concentrations of TIS108 reagent, the female ears at different ear positions of corn were measured. The results are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0066] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that spraying different concentrations of TIS108 reagent has different effects on the growth of corn ZD958. Figure 2 It can be seen that the TIS108 reagent can significantly promote the growth of the second ear of corn ZD958 at concentrations of 5μM and 10μM, and more balanced growth of one and two ears was observed in the plants treated with these two concentrations, among which the growth of one and two ears in the 10μM treatment group was more balanced, that is, the 10μM concentration of TIS108 treatment had a greater effect on the growth of the second ear of corn.

[0067] Figure 3 The figure shows the effect of TIS108 solution spraying concentration on pollination of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958. Figure 3 It can be seen that compared with the control group, spraying TIS108 reagent effectively promoted the pollination and fruit setting rate of the second ear of corn. Compared with 1μM, TIS108 reagent at concentrations of 5μM and 10μM can significantly promote the pollination success rate and fruit setting of the second ear of corn ZD958, among which the concentration of 10μM has a better effect.

[0068] Figure 4 The figure shows the effect of TIS108 solution spraying concentration on the female ear yield of corn hybrid ZD958 at different ear positions, where each group of columns from left to right are control group, 1μM group, 5μM, and 10μM. Figure 4 It can be seen that compared with the control group, the application of TIS108 significantly promoted the growth of the second ear (*, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***P<0.001), among which the 10μM group was the most obvious. In addition, in terms of total yield per plant (i.e., the yield of the first ear + the second ear), the TIS108 treatment in the 5μM group had the greatest effect on increasing the yield of corn per plant.

[0069] In summary, during the 10-12 leaf expansion period of corn, compared with the control group and other concentrations, spraying 5 μM TIS108 can effectively promote the pollination and fruiting of two ears and significantly increase the yield per plant; while the 10 μM treatment group can reduce the ear length of one ear and at the same time promote the growth and pollination of two ears to the greatest extent, ultimately making the growth of the two ears more balanced and increasing the yield per plant. This shows that the application of TIS108, especially 5 μM to 10 μM, preferably 10 μM, has a significant effect on the balanced growth of two ears, pollination and fruiting, and the increase of single plant yield.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] This example explores the effect of spraying the strigolactone inhibitor B4 on the growth of double ears of corn hybrid ZD958, and compares it with the spraying effect of TIS108 in Example 2. The experiment was repeated three times, and each repeated experiment was the same as Example 2 except that 5 or 10 μM of the strigolactone inhibitor TIS108 or B4 was sprayed on corn with 10-12 leaves.

[0072] Figure 5 The effect of spraying TIS108 solution or B4 solution according to the embodiment on the growth and yield of female ears at different ear positions of corn hybrid ZD958 is shown, wherein "V" represents the leaf expansion period, "V10" and "V12" represent "10 leaf expansion" and "12 leaf expansion", respectively; "T" and "B" represent the specific agents applied, wherein "T" represents "TIS108" and "B" represents "B4". The numbers after "T" and "B" represent the applied concentration, for example, "T5" represents the application of 5 μM TIS108, "B10" represents the application of 10 μM B4, and so on.

[0073] Depend on Figure 5It can be seen that compared with the control group CK, spraying 5 or 10 μM TIS108 or B4 at 10-12 leaf expansion can significantly promote the growth and development of 2 ears and pollination and fruiting, thereby significantly increasing the total yield of single corn plant (1 ear + 2 ears), indicating that the monocotyledon inhibitor can effectively extend the fruiting of a single ear of corn to double ears, thereby greatly increasing the yield of a single corn plant and achieving a substantial increase in yield per unit area, which is of great significance for agricultural production. In addition, in the comparison of the application of two monocotyledon inhibitors, it was found that compared with TIS108, corn can respond to B4 at an earlier stage, that is, the application of B4 at the 10-leaf stage can achieve a significant and effective growth promotion effect on two ears (while the application of TIS108 at the 12-leaf stage can achieve a comparable promotion effect); at the same time, compared with TIS108, B4 can more efficiently promote the growth of two ears, and its application concentration of 5 μM can achieve an effect equivalent to that of applying 10 μM TIS108, indicating that compared with TIS108, B4 as a monocotyledon inhibitor can more efficiently promote the growth of two ears of corn, which has great promotion significance in increasing agricultural production.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for promoting the development and fruiting of the second ear of corn to balance its growth with the first ear to increase the yield per plant, characterized in that: include: The strigolactone inhibitors were applied to corn.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The strigolactone inhibitor is TIS108 and / or B4, wherein the structure of TIS108 is shown in Formula I, and the structure of B4 is shown in Formula II: Where R 1 =3-OCH3, R 2 =-(CH2)2O(CH2)2-.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The strigolactone inhibitor is B4.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The strigolactone inhibitors were administered at a concentration of 5 μM or 10 μM.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The application amount of the strigolactone inhibitor is 10 ml / plant / day.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The strigolactone inhibitor is applied when the corn leaves are 10 to 12 years old.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The strigolactone inhibitor is administered once to twice a day for at least ten consecutive days.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The application includes: root irrigation, injection into plants and / or spraying on plant surfaces, and the plant surfaces include roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and / or seeds.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method further comprises applying other agricultural preparations to the corn, wherein the other agricultural preparations are selected from one or more of the following: fungicides, insecticides, miticides, nematicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, fertilizers and soil conditioners.

10. The use of a strigolactone inhibitor in increasing the yield per plant, characterized in that: The strigolactone inhibitor promotes the development and fruiting of the second ear of corn to balance its growth with the first ear to increase the yield per plant. The strigolactone inhibitor is TIS108 and / or B4, and their structures are shown in Formula I and Formula II, respectively.

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