Automatic control system and method for operation speed and depth of bailing well pump

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of oil well logging, and discloses an automatic control system and method for the operation speed and depth of a bailing well pump. Automatic control over oil bailing operation is achieved through an oil bailing swab operation speed limiting and sinking depth automatic control system. The system is used for automatically designing, adjusting and controlling the running speed and the submergence degree of the pump according to the requirements of Technical Specifications for Motorized Oil Exploitation of Oil Well, the depth of the liquid level of an oil fishing well and different dynamic distance intervals between the pump and the liquid level under the conditions of different shaft pipe columns and oil products, so that the automation level of oil fishing operation is improved; the labor intensity of manual operation and the operation error are reduced, and the operation standardization and safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum well logging, and relates to an automatic control system and method for the running speed and depth of a pump for oil well bailing. Background Art

[0002] Oil recovery operation is an effective way to exploit remote, low-permeability, low-yield and low-efficiency wells. At present, the operation panel of the oil recovery vehicle has the function of displaying the depth of the oil recovery wire rope and load data. The change of load data can be simply judged by the relative change of the liquid level after the pump is lowered below the liquid surface, and the working status of the pump can be understood. The sinking depth and running speed of the pump rely on manual operation control.

[0003] In the Liaohe Oilfield enterprise standard "Technical Specifications for Mobile Production of Oil Wells", in order to ensure construction safety and reduce operational risks, clear requirements are put forward for the operating speed and depth of the oil pump (see Table 1 and Table 2).

[0004] Table 1 Requirements for the submergence of oil pumps

[0005]

[0006] Table 2 Oil pump running speed requirements

[0007]

[0008]

[0009] During the oil recovery operation, the oil recovery pump is lowered to the designed oil recovery depth through the on-board steel wire rope, and then lifted up to complete the oil recovery operation. The ground system of the oil recovery vehicle displays the depth, speed, and load of the steel wire rope in real time, that is, the depth, speed, and load data of the pump lowering and lifting. The operator manually controls the pump running speed according to the operating specifications and the depth data range displayed on the ground; the liquid surface depth is judged by the sudden change of load data when the pump enters the liquid surface, thereby determining the maximum sinking degree of the pump; however, the error of judging the liquid surface depth only by load data and manually controlling the lowering and lifting speed of the pump is large, and due to the lag in the determination of the liquid surface, there will be errors and risks in speed control during the lowering process.

[0010] Ma 10-75 Well is a thin oil bailing well. The pipe string size is Φ139.7mm. Before bailing out the oil, the ultrasonic liquid level meter was used to test the liquid level depth to be 470m. According to the specification, the maximum sinking depth of the well pump is 670m. The reasonable operation procedure is shown in Table 3:

[0011] Table 3. Speed ​​requirements for oil pumping unit in Ma10-75 well

[0012]

[0013]

[0014] Figure 1 This is the oil recovery performance diagram of Well Ma 10-75. It can be seen that during the oil recovery operation, the lifting and lowering speed and the sinking degree of the pump did not meet the standard requirements. Summary of the invention

[0015] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an automatic control system and method for the running speed and depth of a pump for oil recovery wells, which realizes automatic control of oil recovery operation through the running speed limitation and the automatic control system for the sinking depth of the pump for oil recovery. By using this system, according to the requirements of the Technical Specifications for Mobile Oil Production in Oil Wells, under different wellbore tubing and oil product conditions, according to the depth of the oil recovery well liquid level and the different dynamic distance intervals between the pump and the liquid level, the running speed and sinking degree of the pump are automatically designed, adjusted and controlled, thereby improving the automation level of oil recovery operation, reducing the labor intensity and operation errors of manual operation, and improving the standardization and safety of operation.

[0016] The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0017] A method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of a pump in an oil well, as shown below:

[0018] 1. Through the downhole liquid level test and oil recovery integrated device, the distance between the pump and the liquid level in the wellbore is monitored in real time during the lowering and lifting of the pump;

[0019] 2. The liquid level continuous monitoring module is built into the pump, and consists of a micro compressor, a gas source storage device, and a sonar transmitting and receiving device. It continuously emits sonar pulse waves during the lowering and lifting process. The emitted sound waves are reflected at the liquid surface and received by the receiving device;

[0020] 3. Dynamic distance monitoring between the pump and the liquid surface: The dynamic distance between the pump and the liquid surface is calculated in real time by using the sonar propagation speed, radiation and reception time, and the pump lifting and lowering speed;

[0021] 4. During the lowering process of the drawer: design with v 抽子 The pump is lowered, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the depth of the pump from the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , v 波 ×t i -v 抽子 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find v 波 is the wave speed, v 抽子 is the pumping speed;

[0022] 5. During the lifting process of the drawer: design with V 抽子 Lift the pump upwards, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , then: v 抽子 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find v 抽子 is the pumping speed;

[0023] 6. The liquid level continuous monitoring module and the oil scavenging pump are connected to the ground control device through cables. The distance value between the pump and the liquid level obtained by the test is transmitted to the ground control device through a roller for display. The PLC control system controls the cable lowering speed through this value.

[0024] 7. The ground control device has input, display, calculation and control functions;

[0025] 8. The calculation function of the ground control device: determine the maximum sinking degree according to the pipe string size and oil quality; determine the maximum lowering depth of the pump according to the initial liquid surface depth;

[0026] 9. Control function of ground control device: According to the requirements of "Technical Specifications for Mobile Production of Oil Wells", three speeds are controlled during the lowering and lifting of the pump according to different depth intervals: v 抽子0 ≤6m / s,v 抽子1 ≤1m / s,v 抽子2 ≤0.2m / s; see Table 4;

[0027] Table 4 Oil pump running speed requirements

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] The control method adopts an automatic control system for the speed and depth of the oil well pump, which is composed of a ground control device and an underground liquid level test and oil recovery integrated device, which realizes data and command reception and transmission through cables;

[0031] The ground control device is composed of an input system, a calculation system, a control system, and a display system; the input system is used to input the oil well number, pipe string size, and oil type; the lowering and lifting depth of the oil recovery pump, the pump operation speed, and the depth from the liquid surface are displayed in real time; the operation speed and sinking degree in different depth ranges are calculated according to the pipe string size, oil type, and liquid surface depth of the oil recovery well; the pump operation is controlled according to the calculation results; the ground control device is implemented by selecting a PLC control system and a host computer, and a display of the lowering and lifting depth of the oil recovery pump is added to the existing ground control device.

[0032] The underground liquid level test and oil recovery integrated device includes an oil recovery vehicle and an integrated oil recovery test pump; a liquid level continuous monitoring module is built into the oil recovery pump to form an integrated oil recovery test pump, the integrated oil recovery test pump is set in the oil well, and the other end of the integrated oil recovery test pump is connected to the drum of the oil recovery vehicle through a cable, and the drum is connected to the PLC control system in the ground control device. The other structures of the oil recovery vehicle are the same as those of the existing oil recovery vehicle.

[0033] The liquid level continuous monitoring module is composed of a micro compressor, a gas source storage device, and a sonar transmitting and receiving device. It is controlled by a micro compressor and uses a gas source storage device to continuously emit sonar pulse waves during the lowering and lifting process. The emitted sound waves are reflected at the liquid surface and received by the receiving device. The sound wave transmission speed and transmission time can be used to calculate the depth of the pump from the liquid surface in real time, and the depth data can be transmitted to the ground system, thereby controlling the speed of the pump within different depth ranges during the lowering and lifting process. Commercially available parts can also be used as substitutes.

[0034] The integrated pump for oil recovery and testing has two functions: liquid level testing function: using the liquid level continuous monitoring module to monitor the liquid level depth in the wellbore, and transmitting the liquid level depth data to the ground control device through a cable for display; oil recovery function: using the expansion of the external rubber tube of the pump to lift the upper liquid of the pump to the wellhead.

[0035] Real-time monitoring of the dynamic distance between the pump and the liquid surface in the wellbore and the depth of the pump after it enters the liquid surface, and automatic control of the pump's running speed and sinking degree according to the depth range.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0037] The present invention utilizes an automatic control system for the running speed and sinking depth of an oil recovery pump. Through a control method, according to the requirements of the "Technical Specifications for Mobile Oil Production in Oil Wells", based on the conditions of wellbore strings of different sizes and oil products, and based on the test data of the depth of the pump from the liquid surface, the running speed of the pump and the sinking depth below the liquid surface in different depth intervals are automatically designed and controlled, thereby improving the automation level of oil recovery operations, reducing the labor intensity and operating errors of manual operations, and improving the standardization and safety of operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the relationship between the sinking degree of the pump and the lifting and lowering speed and depth of the Ma 10-75 well.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an oil recovery vehicle.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of testing the lowering of the integrated oil recovery pump.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of testing the lifting of the integrated oil recovery pump.

[0042] In the figure: 1-vehicle chassis; 2-power take-off; 3-rotating bracket; 4-drum; 5-cable; 6-telescopic beam; 7-integrated pump for oil recovery and testing; 8-oil well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below through specific examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the present invention are conventional methods, and the experimental equipment, materials, reagents, etc. used can be obtained from commercial channels. The pumping speed requirements are implemented according to Table 4.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] a) Input the well number, pipe string size and oil product of the oil recovery well into the main engine of the ground control device, and determine the maximum sinking depth h of the oil recovery pump according to Table 1 沉没度 ;

[0046] b) Connect the integrated oil recovery test pump to the cable, according to Figure 2 As shown, it is placed at the wellhead of the oil well;

[0047] c) The ground system supplies power to the liquid level continuous monitoring module through cables, continuously emits sonar wave pulses at set time intervals, and simultaneously receives reflected waves from the liquid surface in the wellbore. The wave speed is known to be v 波 , the initial depth of the pump from the liquid surface in the wellbore is h 液面0 , the time from transmission to reception is t 0 , when the pump is stationary at the wellhead:

[0048] d) According to the known h 液面0 , let the pump run to depth h 抽子运行 , determine the maximum depth h of the oil pump during the oil recovery process 抽子max ,h 抽子max =h 液面0 +h 沉没度 ;

[0049] e) In the downward phase of the pump, when h 液面0 >50m, design with v抽子0 (≤6m / s) lower the pump, and at the same time the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , then: v 波 ×t i -v 抽子0 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find At the same time, the cable 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =50m; when h 液面0 ≤50m, proceed according to step f);

[0050] f) In the downward phase of the pull, when h 液面i When ≤50m, the design is based on v 抽子1 (≤1m / s) lower the pump, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , we can find And through the cable to h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =0m; if at this time, h 抽子运行 =h 液面0 , it proves that the liquid level depth h monitored by the liquid level monitoring module 液面0 Accurate; if h 抽子运行 >h 液面0 , it means that there is a gas-liquid mixed phase foam section in the wellbore, which affects the accuracy of the liquid level monitoring data;

[0051] g) When the pump goes down in the third stage, the pump starts to go below the liquid level, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module stops working. 抽子1 (≤1m / s) lower the pump, if the wellbore is pure liquid level, until the pump is lowered to a depth of h 抽子max =h 液面0 +h 沉没度 If the upper part of the wellbore is a foam section, the pump is v 抽子1 (≤1m / s) down until h 抽子max =h 抽子运行 +h 沉没度 ;

[0052] h) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ④, the drawer moves from the depth h 抽子max Start to lift up. After the pump is lifted up, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts to work and monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level. 液面i , when h 液面i When ≤50m, the design is based on v抽子1 (≤1m / s) pull up the pump. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子1 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =50m;

[0053] i) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ⑤, the drawer moves from the depth (h 抽子max -50m) and start lifting, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts working, monitoring the distance between the pump and the liquid level 液面i , designed with v 抽子0 (≤6m / s) pull up the pump. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子0 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max -200m;

[0054] j) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ⑥, the drawer moves from the depth (h 抽子max -200m) starts to lift up, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts to work, monitoring the liquid level depth h 液面i , designed with v 抽子1 (≤1m / s) pull up the pump. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子1 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max -20m;

[0055] k) When the pump is lifted up to enter stage ⑦, the pump moves from the depth (h 抽子max -20m) and start lifting, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts working, monitoring the distance between the pump and the liquid level 液面i , designed with v 抽子2(≤0.2m / s) and pull up the pump. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子2 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max .

[0056] According to different depth intervals, three speeds are controlled during the lowering and lifting of the pump: v 抽子0 ≤6m / s,v 抽子1 ≤1m / s,v 抽子2 ≤0.2m / s.

[0057] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious changes made thereto without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included in the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump, characterized in that: Automatic control of oil recovery operation is achieved through the oil recovery pump running speed limit and sinking depth automatic control system; under different wellbore tubing and oil conditions, the pump running speed and sinking depth are automatically designed, adjusted and controlled according to the liquid level depth of the oil recovery well and the different dynamic distance intervals between the pump and the liquid surface.

2. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The details are as follows: (1) Through the integrated downhole liquid level test and oil recovery device, the distance between the pump and the liquid level in the wellbore is monitored in real time during the lowering and lifting of the pump; (2) The liquid level continuous monitoring module is built into the pump and consists of a micro compressor, a gas source storage device, and a sonar transmitting and receiving device. It continuously emits sonar pulse waves during the lowering and lifting process. The emitted sound waves are reflected at the liquid surface and received by the receiving device; (3) Dynamic distance monitoring between the pump and the liquid surface: The dynamic distance between the pump and the liquid surface is calculated in real time using the sonar propagation speed, radiation and reception time, and the pump raising and lowering speed; (4) During the lowering process of the drawer: Design with v 抽子 The pump is lowered, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the depth of the pump from the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , v 波 ×t i -v 抽子 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find v 波 is the wave speed, v 抽子 is the pumping speed; (5) During the pull-up process: Design with v 抽子 Lift the pump upwards, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , then: v 抽子 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find v 抽子 is the pumping speed; (6) The liquid level continuous monitoring module and the oil scavenger are connected to the ground control device through cables. The distance value between the scavenger and the liquid level obtained by the test is transmitted to the ground control device through a roller for display. The PLC control system controls the cable lowering speed based on the value. (7) The ground control device has input, display, calculation and control functions; (8) Computational functions of the ground control device: determine the maximum sinking depth based on the pipe string size and oil quality; determine the maximum lowering depth of the pump based on the initial liquid surface depth; (9) Control function of the ground control device: Control three speeds during the lowering and lifting of the pump according to different depth intervals: v 抽子0 ≤6m / s,v 抽子1 ≤1m / s,v 抽子2 ≤0.2m / s.

3. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific control of the three speeds in the process of lowering and lifting the pump in different depth intervals in step (9) is as follows:

4. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump according to claim 1, wherein: The details are as follows: a) Input the well number, pipe size and oil type into the main engine of the ground control device to determine the maximum sinking depth h of the oil pump for this oil recovery. 沉没度 ; b) Connect the integrated oil recovery test pump and the cable and place them at the wellhead of the oil recovery well; c) The ground system supplies power to the liquid level continuous monitoring module through cables, continuously emits sonar wave pulses at set time intervals, and simultaneously receives reflected waves from the liquid surface in the wellbore. The wave speed is known to be v 波 , the initial depth of the pump from the liquid surface in the wellbore is h 液面0 , the time from transmission to reception is t0, when the pump is stationary at the wellhead: d) According to the known h 液面0 , let the pump run to depth h 抽子运行 , determine the maximum depth h of the oil pump during the oil recovery process 抽子max ,h 抽子max =h 液面0 +h 沉没度 ; e) In the downward phase of the pump, when h 液面0 >50m, design with v 抽子0 The pump is lowered, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the depth of the pump from the liquid level h 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , then: v 波 ×t i -v 抽子0 ×t i =2h 液面i , we can find At the same time, the cable 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =50m; when h 液面0 ≤50m, proceed according to step f); f) In the downward phase of the pull, when h 液面i When ≤50m, the design is based on v 抽子1 The pump is lowered, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module continuously monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level. 液面i , assuming that the time from sonar wave emission to reception is t i , we can find And through the cable h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =0m; if at this time, h 抽子运行 =h 液面0 , it proves that the liquid level depth h monitored by the liquid level monitoring module 液面0 Accurate; if h 抽子运行 >h 液面0 , it means that there is a gas-liquid mixed phase foam section in the wellbore, which affects the accuracy of the liquid level monitoring data; g) When the pump goes down in the third stage, the pump starts to go below the liquid level, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module stops working. 抽子1 Lower the pump. If the wellbore is pure liquid, lower the pump until it reaches a depth of h. 抽子max =h 液面0 +h 沉没度 If the upper part of the wellbore is a foam section, the pump is v 抽子1 Lower until h 抽子max =h 抽子运行 +h 沉没度 ; h) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ④, the drawer moves from the depth h 抽子max Start to lift up. After the pump is lifted up, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts to work and monitors the distance between the pump and the liquid level. 液面i , when h 液面i When ≤50m, the design is based on v 抽子1 Lift the pump upwards. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子1 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =50m; i) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ⑤, the drawer moves from the depth (h 抽子max -50m) and start lifting, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts working, monitoring the distance between the pump and the liquid level 液面i , designed with v 抽子0 Lift the pump upwards. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子0 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max -200m; j) When the drawer is lifted up to enter stage ⑥, the drawer moves from the depth (h 抽子max -200m) starts to lift up, and the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts to work, monitoring the liquid level depth h 液面i , designed with v 抽子1 Lift the pump upwards. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子1 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max -20m; k) When the pump is lifted up to enter stage ⑦, the pump moves from the depth (h 抽子max -20m) and start lifting, the liquid level continuous monitoring module starts working, monitoring the distance between the pump and the liquid level 液面i , designed with v 抽子2 Lift the pump upwards. At the same time, let the time from sonar wave emission to reception be t i , then: v 抽子2 ×t i +v 波 ×t i =2h 液面i , the distance between the pump and the liquid surface during the pump lifting process can be calculated, and h 液面i The value is transmitted to the ground system until h 液面i =h 抽子max .

5. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: According to different depth intervals, three speeds are controlled during the lowering and lifting of the pump: v 抽子0 ≤6m / s,v 抽子1 ≤1m / s,v 抽子2 ≤0.2m / s.

6. A method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of a pump in an oil well as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the pump Sub-running speed requires pressing execute; 7. A method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: An automatic control system for the speed and depth of the oil well pump is used. The system consists of a ground control device and an underground liquid level testing and oil recovery integrated device, which receive and transmit data and instructions through cables.

8. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The ground control device consists of an input system, a calculation system, a control system, and a display system; the input system is used to input the oil well number, pipe string size, and oil type; the lowering and lifting depth of the oil pump, the pump operation speed, and the depth from the liquid surface are displayed in real time; the operation speed and sinking degree in different depth ranges are calculated based on the oil well pipe string size, oil type, and liquid surface depth; the pump operation is controlled based on the calculation results; the ground control device is implemented by selecting a PLC control system and a host computer.

9. The method for automatically controlling the speed and depth of an oil well pump as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The downhole liquid level testing and oil recovery integrated device comprises an oil recovery vehicle and an integrated oil recovery testing pump; a liquid level continuous monitoring module is built into the oil recovery pump to form an integrated oil recovery testing pump, the integrated oil recovery testing pump is arranged in the oil well, and the other end of the integrated oil recovery testing pump is connected to the drum of the oil recovery vehicle through a cable, and the drum is connected to the PLC control system in the ground control device.

Images