Downhole multi-position monitoring system and monitoring method for well drilling

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of petroleum drilling, and particularly relates to a drilling downhole multi-position monitoring system and monitoring method. Comprising a drill rod system which is in a long rod shape and is arranged underground, n collecting units and n detecting units are evenly arranged on a rod body of the drill rod system, and n is larger than or equal to 2; the system further comprises a data processing system which is arranged on the ground, and the data processing system comprises a data processing module, a data extraction module, a parameter solving module, a model unit and an alarm unit. The acquisition unit is used for acquiring annular pressure of n underground positions and outputting a first signal to the data processing module, the data processing module is used for smoothing data, the data extraction module is used for extracting signal features, a feature recognition model is established based on the signal features and the parameter solving module, and the model unit is used for judging that a gas well is in a gas cut or leakage working condition; and the detection unit is used for judging whether the annular pressure of the n underground positions exceeds a critical preset value or not, and if yes, a second signal is output to the alarm unit for early warning.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of oil drilling, and in particular relates to a multi-position monitoring system and a monitoring method for drilling wells. Background Art

[0002] When drilling for oil, the drill bits need to withstand high drilling pressure, high torque, and underground formation and mud pressure, which may lead to risks of damage and breakage, resulting in drilling accidents. At the same time, drilling parameters also directly reflect the construction status of drilling, and can be used to judge underground abnormal conditions such as well leakage and gas invasion, thereby reducing losses.

[0003] When encountering complex working conditions during the drilling process, abnormal conditions such as well leakage and gas invasion can be identified in real time through the measurement and analysis of annular pressure changes. If abnormal conditions such as well leakage and gas invasion cannot be warned during drilling operations, the safety of drilling operations will certainly not be guaranteed, and there will be great safety risks.

[0004] The present invention is a gas invasion and leakage recognition algorithm based on multi-position measurement of engineering parameters. By analyzing the response characteristics of the annular space pressure signal, an abnormal state such as well leakage and gas invasion is warned. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells, including a drill rod system in the shape of a long rod placed in the well, wherein n collection units and n detection units are evenly arranged on the rod body of the drill rod system, wherein n≥2;

[0006] It also includes a data processing system, which is placed on the ground. The data processing system includes a data processing module, a data extraction module, a parameter obtaining module, a model unit and an alarm unit;

[0007] The acquisition unit is used to collect annular pressures at n locations downhole, and output a first signal to a data processing module. The data processing module performs smoothing processing on the data, and the data extraction module extracts signal features. Based on the signal features, the parameter acquisition module establishes a feature recognition model, and the model unit determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition.

[0008] The detection unit is used to determine whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value. If exceeded, a second signal is output to the alarm unit for early warning.

[0009] Preferably, the drill rod system includes a drill bit, a drill rod near the drill bit, a screw, a conversion joint and a drill rod end, which are coaxially connected in sequence, wherein:

[0010] The drill rod near the drill bit, the screw rod, the conversion joint and the side wall of the drill rod end are evenly arranged with n mounting holes, each mounting hole is threadedly connected with a detection cylinder seat, the detection cylinder seat is cylindrical, and the outer end of the detection cylinder seat located outside the mounting hole is coaxially opened with a detection hole a, and a collection unit is installed in the detection hole a;

[0011] An airtight hole is provided at the inner end of the detection cylinder seat, a telescopic plunger is sealingly and slidably connected in the airtight hole, a double flow channel is provided on the cylinder wall of the detection cylinder seat, and the airtight hole and the double flow channel are connected to each other through a drainage channel;

[0012] The inner end of the dual flow delivery channel is connected to the reinforced chamber, and a tightening member for preventing the detection cylinder seat from loosening the thread engagement is arranged in the reinforced chamber;

[0013] The outer end of the dual flow delivery channel is connected to the annular cavity, and a detection unit is arranged in the annular cavity;

[0014] The airtight hole, the drainage channel, the dual flow delivery channel, the enhanced sealed chamber and the annular cavity are connected to each other and are filled with gas medium.

[0015] Preferably, the acquisition unit includes a sensor, a transmitting and receiving module and a control chip, which are arranged in the detection hole from the inside to the outside, wherein:

[0016] The sensor performs downhole annular pressure detection operation and outputs a first signal to a control chip, and the control chip controls a transmitting and receiving module to output the first signal to a data processing module.

[0017] Preferably, the detection unit comprises an elastic diaphragm and a support frame, wherein:

[0018] The outer end of the detection cylinder seat coaxially penetrates the annular groove to form an annular cavity groove, a support frame is arranged in the annular cavity groove, the cross section of the annular cavity groove is in a square shape, and an extension rod is slidably connected to the outer frame of the support frame, the length of the extension rod is parallel to the axis direction of the annular cavity groove, the outer end of the extension rod is connected to the elastic diaphragm, and the inner end of the extension rod is connected to the first trigger member;

[0019] A second trigger and a signal transmitter are arranged in the inner frame of the support frame. The second trigger contacts the first trigger to trigger the signal transmitter to turn on and transmit a second signal to the control chip. The control chip controls the transmitting and receiving module to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit for warning.

[0020] Preferably, the side wall of the detection cylinder seat passes through the L-shaped hole to form a reinforced chamber, and one end of the reinforced chamber is connected to the inner wall of the mounting hole;

[0021] The tightening member comprises a side pressure plunger and an anti-slip sheet. The end of the side pressure plunger is connected with the anti-slip sheet, and the side pressure plunger is arranged in the reinforced chamber in a horizontally sliding manner.

[0022] Preferably, the sensor is a sensor for measuring dielectric properties of annular multiphase fluid, and the transmitting and receiving module is a wireless transmitting and receiving module.

[0023] The present application also claims a monitoring method, which uses the above-mentioned multi-position monitoring system and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0024] The acquisition unit acquires annular pressures at n locations downhole, and outputs a first signal to the data processing module;

[0025] The data processing module performs differential processing of the annular pressure data to obtain the pressure gradient, and performs Gaussian filtering on the pressure gradient;

[0026] The data extraction module extracts the signal characteristics of the data after Gaussian filtering within a window period;

[0027] Based on the signal characteristics, the parameter acquisition module simulates the change of annular pressure under gas invasion and leakage conditions, establishes a feature recognition model, and obtains hyperplane parameters;

[0028] The model unit receives the hyperplane parameters and determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition;

[0029] The detection unit determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value. If exceeded, a second signal is output to the alarm unit for early warning.

[0030] Preferably, the acquisition unit acquires the annular pressure at n locations downhole, comprising the following steps:

[0031] The sensor detects the downhole annular pressure and outputs a first signal to the control chip, and the control chip controls the transmitting and receiving module to output the first signal to the data processing module;

[0032] The detection unit determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value. If exceeded, a second signal is output to the alarm unit for early warning.

[0033] Preferably, the detection unit determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0034] The elastic diaphragm detects the downhole annular space pressure. When the downhole annular space pressure is greater than the critical preset value, the external force squeezes the elastic diaphragm to deform. The elastic diaphragm drives the first trigger member on the extension rod to contact the second trigger member, which can trigger the signal transmitter to turn on and transmit the second signal to the control chip. The control chip controls the transmitting and receiving module to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit for early warning.

[0035] Beneficial Effects

[0036] The present invention claims protection for a multi-position monitoring system in a drilling well, which transmits signals to a data processing system on the ground through a drill pipe system placed in the well, thereby realizing remote monitoring of the well annular space pressure, predicting abnormal conditions of well leakage and gas invasion, ensuring the safety of well construction operations, and reducing safety risks.

[0037] Specifically, we start from two aspects:

[0038] First, the acquisition unit is used to collect the annular pressure of n positions in the well, and output a first signal to the data processing module. The data processing module performs data smoothing processing, and the data extraction module extracts the signal features. Based on the signal features, the parameter acquisition module establishes a feature recognition model, and the model unit determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition;

[0039] Second, the detection unit determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds the critical preset value. If exceeded, a second signal is output to the alarm unit for early warning to remind relevant staff to promptly investigate the cause and prepare corresponding response measures, thereby avoiding drilling accidents and well wall collapse caused by excessive annular pressure during drilling operations, and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.

[0040] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become obvious from the description, or be understood by implementing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the principle of a multi-position monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a drill rod system in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0044] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a detection cartridge seat in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0045] Figure 4 Shows Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram;

[0046] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a monitoring method in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0047] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a feature recognition model in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0048] In the figure,

[0049] 1. Drill pipe system;

[0050] 11. Collection unit; 110. Sensor; 111. Transmitting and receiving module; 112. Control chip;

[0051] 12. Detection unit; 120. Elastic membrane; 121. Support frame; 122. Extension rod; 123. First triggering member; 124. Signal transmitter; 125. Second triggering member;

[0052] 13. Drill bit; 14. Drill rod near the drill bit; 15. Screw; 16. Adapter; 17. Drill rod end;

[0053] 18, detection cylinder seat; 180a, detection hole; 180b, airtight hole; 180c, drainage channel; 180d, dual flow channel; 180e, enhanced chamber; 180f, annular cavity;

[0054] 191. Telescopic plunger; 192. Side pressure plunger; 193. Anti-slip sheet;

[0055] 2. Data processing system; 21. Data processing module; 22. Data extraction module; 23. Parameter acquisition module; 24. Model unit; 25. Alarm unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the principle of the multi-position monitoring system in the embodiment of the present invention is shown; it can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram that a multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells comprises a drill rod system 1 in the shape of a long rod and placed in the well, and the rod body of the drill rod system 1 is evenly arranged with n collection units 11 and n detection units 12, wherein n≥2;

[0058] It also includes a data processing system 2, which is placed on the ground. The data processing system 2 includes a data processing module 21, a data extraction module 22, a parameter obtaining module 23, a model unit 24 and an alarm unit 25;

[0059] The acquisition unit 11 is used to collect annular pressures at n locations downhole, and output a first signal to a data processing module 21. The data processing module 21 performs smoothing processing on the data, and a data extraction module 22 extracts signal features. Based on the signal features, a parameter acquisition module 23 establishes a feature recognition model, and a model unit 24 determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition.

[0060] The detection unit 12 is used to determine whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value. If so, a second signal is output to the alarm unit 25 for early warning.

[0061] The multi-position monitoring system transmits signals to the ground data processing system 2 through the drill pipe system 1 placed underground, realizes remote monitoring of the underground annular pressure, predicts abnormal conditions of well gas leakage, ensures the safety of well construction operations, and reduces safety risks.

[0062] Specifically, we start from two aspects:

[0063] First, the acquisition unit 11 is used to collect the annular pressure at n locations downhole, and output a first signal to the data processing module 21. The data processing module 21 performs data smoothing processing, and the data extraction module 22 extracts signal features. Based on the signal features, the parameter acquisition module 23 establishes a feature recognition model, and the model unit 24 determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition;

[0064] Second, the detection unit 12 determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds the critical preset value. If exceeded, a second signal is output to the alarm unit 25 for early warning to remind relevant personnel to promptly investigate the cause and take corresponding countermeasures, thereby avoiding drilling accidents and well wall collapse caused by excessive annular pressure during drilling operations, and ensuring the safety of drilling operations.

[0065] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the drill rod system in the embodiment of the present invention is shown; it can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram that the drill rod system 1 includes a drill bit 13, a drill rod near the drill bit 14, a screw 15, a conversion joint 16 and a drill rod end 17, which are coaxially connected in sequence, wherein:

[0066] There are n mounting holes evenly arranged on the side walls of the drill rod 14, the screw rod 15, the conversion joint 16 and the drill rod end 17 near the drill bit. A detection cylinder seat 18 is threadedly connected to each mounting hole. The detection cylinder seat 18 is cylindrical, and a detection hole 180a is coaxially opened at the outer end of the detection cylinder seat 18 outside the mounting hole. The collection unit 11 is installed in the detection hole 180a.

[0067] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the detection cartridge seat in the embodiment of the present invention is shown; it can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram that an airtight hole 180b is provided at the inner end of the detection cartridge seat 18, a telescopic plunger 191 is sealingly and slidably connected in the airtight hole 180b, a dual flow channel 180d is provided on the wall of the detection cartridge seat 18, and the airtight hole 180b and the dual flow channel 180d are connected to each other through a drainage channel 180c;

[0068] The inner end of the dual flow delivery channel 180d is connected to the reinforced chamber 180e, and a tightening member for preventing the threaded engagement of the detection cylinder seat 18 from loosening is arranged in the reinforced chamber 180e;

[0069] The outer end of the dual flow delivery channel 180d is connected to the annular cavity 180f, and the detection unit 12 is arranged in the annular cavity 180f;

[0070] The airtight hole 180b, the drainage channel 180c, the dual flow channel 180d, the enhanced chamber 180e and the annular cavity 180f are connected to each other and filled with a gas medium, and the gas medium is preferably helium.

[0071] The acquisition unit 11 includes a sensor 110, a transmitting and receiving module 111 and a control chip 112, which are arranged in the detection hole 180a from the inside to the outside. The sensor 110 is a sensor for measuring the dielectric properties of the annular multiphase fluid, and the transmitting and receiving module 111 is a wireless transmitting and receiving module, wherein:

[0072] The sensor 110 performs downhole annular pressure detection operation and outputs a first signal to the control chip 112 . The control chip 112 controls the transmitting and receiving module 111 to output the first signal to the data processing module 21 .

[0073] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 Shows Figure 3A partial enlarged schematic diagram; it can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram that the detection unit 12 includes an elastic diaphragm 120 and a support frame 121, wherein the outer end of the detection cylinder seat 18 coaxially penetrates the annular groove to form an annular cavity 180f, and the support frame 121 is arranged in the annular cavity 180f. The cross-section of the annular cavity 180f is in the shape of a square, and an extension rod 122 is slidably connected to the outer frame of the support frame 121. The length of the extension rod 122 is parallel to the axial direction of the annular cavity 180f. The outer end of the extension rod 122 is connected to the elastic diaphragm 120, and the inner end of the extension rod 122 is connected to the first trigger member 123;

[0074] A second trigger member 125 and a signal transmitter 124 are arranged in the inner frame of the support frame 121. The second trigger member 125 contacts the first trigger member 123 to trigger the signal transmitter 124 to turn on and transmit a second signal to the control chip 112. The control chip 112 controls the transmitting and receiving module 111 to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit 25 for early warning.

[0075] The specific operation is that, in fact, when the detection cylinder seat 18 is threadedly connected to the mounting hole, due to the continuous downward pressure of the detection cylinder seat 18, the end of the telescopic plunger 191 continuously retracts into the airtight hole 180b and injects the gas medium in the airtight hole 180b into the reinforced chamber 180e and the annular cavity 180f through the drainage channel 180c, wherein,

[0076] When the gas medium is injected into the annular cavity 180f, at this time, the internal air pressure of the annular cavity 180f has reached the critical preset value. Therefore, when the downhole annular space pressure is greater than the critical preset value, the elastic diaphragm 120 is squeezed and deformed by external force, and the elastic diaphragm 120 that undergoes elastic deformation drives the first trigger member 123 to contact the second trigger member 125, and triggers the signal transmitter 124 to turn on. The turned-on signal transmitter 124 sends an alarm signal to the control chip 112. After receiving the alarm signal, the control chip 112 controls the transmitting and receiving module 111 to send an alarm warning signal to the alarm unit 25, so as to remind relevant personnel to promptly investigate the cause and prepare corresponding countermeasures, thereby avoiding drilling accidents and well wall collapse caused by excessive annular space pressure during drilling operations. Dangerous situations such as.

[0077] The side wall of the detection tube seat 18 passes through the L-shaped hole to form a reinforced chamber 180e, and one end of the reinforced chamber 180e is connected to the inner wall of the installation hole;

[0078] The tightening member includes a side pressure plunger 192 and an anti-slip sheet 193. The end of the side pressure plunger 192 is connected to the anti-slip sheet 193, and the side pressure plunger 192 is arranged in the reinforced chamber 180e to slide horizontally with each other.

[0079] The specific operation of the tightening member is that, according to the above description, personnel can clearly know that when the detection cylinder seat 18 is threadedly connected to the installation hole, the gas medium part in the airtight hole 180b will also be injected into the enhanced chamber 180e through the drainage channel 180c. Then, after the air pressure in the enhanced chamber 180e increases, the side pressure plunger 191 is pushed to apply pressure to the inner wall of the installation hole, thereby greatly increasing the connection tightness of the detection cylinder seat 18 threadedly connected to the installation hole. This means that the pressure can overcome the reverse loosening of the collection unit 11 due to drilling vibration when the drill pipe system 1 is drilling. Therefore, while ensuring the convenience of the installation of the collection unit 11, it also effectively improves the installation firmness of the collection unit 11, and effectively reduces the probability of the collection unit 11 loosening or even falling off during the process of following the drill pipe system 1 to drill down, thereby affecting the accuracy of the detection data.

[0080] refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a monitoring method in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; it can be clearly seen from the schematic diagram that a monitoring method, using the multi-position monitoring system described in any one of claims 1-6, is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

[0081] Install the collection unit 11 and the detection unit 12 on the drill pipe system 1, and ensure that the collection unit 11 and the detection unit 12 are in a pre-ready state;

[0082] The acquisition unit 11 acquires the annular pressure at n locations downhole, and outputs a first signal to the data processing module 21;

[0083] The data processing module 21 performs differential processing of the annular pressure data to obtain the pressure gradient, and performs Gaussian filtering on the pressure gradient;

[0084] The data extraction module 22 extracts the signal characteristics of the data after Gaussian filtering within a window period;

[0085] Based on the signal characteristics, the parameter obtaining module 23 simulates the change of annular pressure under gas invasion and leakage conditions, establishes a feature recognition model, and obtains hyperplane parameters;

[0086] The model unit 24 receives the hyperplane parameters and determines that the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition;

[0087] The detection unit 12 determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, and if so, outputs a second signal to the alarm unit 25 for early warning.

[0088] In S1, the acquisition unit 11 acquires the annular pressure at n locations downhole, including the following steps:

[0089] The sensor 110 detects the downhole annular pressure and outputs a first signal to the control chip 112 . The control chip 112 controls the transmitting and receiving module 111 to output the first signal to the data processing module 21 .

[0090] In S2, based on the first signal, the data processing module 21 collects the downhole n

[0091] The annular pressure at each position is calculated, and the annular pressure at any two positions is differentially processed to obtain the pressure gradient.

[0092] dP t =P 2,t -P 1,t

[0093] Among them, P 2,t and P 1,t is the annulus pressure at any two locations, dP t is the pressure gradient.

[0094] The pressure gradient is processed by Gaussian filtering to obtain the following formula:

[0095]

[0096] The calculation method of Φ(i) in the above formula is:

[0097]

[0098] in, is the pressure gradient after filtering, and Φ(i) is the filter weight generated by the Gaussian kernel.

[0099] In S3, the data extraction module 22 is used to extract the signal features in the collected data after filtering within a window time period. We define the following signal features:

[0100]

[0101] in,

[0102] RMS is root mean square, T is time, μ is the average value; ρ τ is the autocorrelation function, s is the range (peak-to-peak value), is the minimum value;

[0103] A is the maximum value of the modulus after Fourier transform, w is the frequency, stands for Fourier transform and Mod stands for modulus length.

[0104] Through these six indicators including average power (RMS), mean (μ), autocorrelation (ρ1, ρ2, ρ3), range (s), maximum amplitude (A), and frequency corresponding to the maximum amplitude (w), we can extract the signal features that can effectively extract the measured data. We record the feature vector as:

[0105] x=(RMS,μ,ρ1,ρ2,ρ3,s,A,w)

[0106] In S4, the parameter obtaining module 23 simulates the variation data of the annular pressure under different gas invasion and different leakage conditions through orthogonal experiments, and obtains the feature recognition model through the annular pressure training, referring to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a feature recognition model in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0107] Then, the hyperplane parameters are obtained from the feature recognition model to establish the feature recognition model. It is necessary to experimentally simulate the changing characteristics of the annular pressure under different gas invasion and leakage conditions.

[0108] For this purpose, experimental equipment including high-pressure pump, hydraulic control console, water tank, air compressor, flow meter, pressure gauge, air intrusion port, manual valve, regulating valve, impact valve, sine valve, wellbore, inner pipe and other components were established.

[0109] Orthogonal experiments are used to simulate pressure wave data under different gas intrusion and leakage conditions. The feature recognition model uses the multi-classification SVM method to determine the classification criteria. The essence of multi-classification SVM is the combination of multiple SVMs.

[0110] For a single SVM, the basic model is:

[0111] f=sign(w t φ(x)+b)

[0112] Among them, sign(■) is the sign function, w, b are the hyperplane parameters to be substituted, φ(x) is the kernel function, here we use the sigmoid kernel function. Its parameter problem is as follows:

[0113]

[0114] st y i (w t φ(x i )+b)≥1,i∈(1,2,…,n)

[0115] For this optimization problem, Lagrangian duality is used to calculate and obtain the hyperplane parameters w,b;

[0116] In S5, the model unit 24 is used to receive the hyperplane parameters obtained by the hyperplane parameter obtaining module, and to determine the gas invasion or leakage of the gas well by the hyperplane parameters.

[0117] Obviously, the present invention is a monitoring method that effectively identifies abnormal conditions such as gas intrusion and well leakage. At the same time, the monitoring method based on multi-position measurement is more sensitive to abnormal conditions and has a stronger recognition ability.

[0118] During the whole process described above, the detection unit 12 continuously monitors. Specifically, the elastic diaphragm 120 detects the downhole annular pressure. When the downhole annular pressure is greater than the critical preset value, the elastic diaphragm 120 is squeezed by external force to deform. The elastic diaphragm 120 drives the first trigger member 123 on the extension rod 122 to contact the second trigger member 125, which can trigger the signal transmitter 124 to turn on and transmit the second signal to the control chip 112. The control chip 112 controls the transmitting and receiving module 111 to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit 25 for early warning.

[0119] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells, characterized in that: It comprises a drill rod system (1) in the shape of a long rod and placed underground, wherein n collection units (11) and n detection units (12) are evenly arranged on the rod body of the drill rod system (1), wherein n≥2; It also includes a data processing system (2) placed on the ground, wherein the data processing system (2) includes a data processing module (21), a data extraction module (22), a parameter obtaining module (23), a model unit (24) and an alarm unit (25); The acquisition unit (11) is used to collect annular pressures at n locations underground, and output a first signal to a data processing module (21). The data processing module (21) performs smoothing processing on the data, and a data extraction module (22) extracts signal features. Based on the signal features, a parameter acquisition module (23) establishes a feature recognition model, and a model unit (24) determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition. The detection unit (12) is used to determine whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, and if so, output a second signal to the alarm unit (25) for early warning.

2. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod system (1) comprises a drill bit (13), a drill rod near the drill bit (14), a screw (15), a conversion joint (16) and a drill rod end (17), which are coaxially connected in sequence, wherein: The side walls of the drill rod (14), the screw rod (15), the conversion joint (16) and the drill rod end (17) near the drill bit are evenly arranged with n mounting holes, each mounting hole is threadedly connected with a detection cylinder seat (18), the detection cylinder seat (18) is cylindrical, and the outer end of the detection cylinder seat (18) outside the mounting hole is coaxially provided with a detection hole (180a), and a collection unit (11) is installed in the detection hole (180a); The inner end of the detection cylinder seat (18) is provided with an airtight hole (180b), a telescopic plunger (191) is sealingly and slidably connected in the airtight hole (180b), a double flow channel (180d) is provided on the cylinder wall of the detection cylinder seat (18), and the airtight hole (180b) and the double flow channel (180d) are connected to each other through a drainage channel (180c); The inner end of the dual flow delivery channel (180d) is connected to the reinforced chamber (180e), and a tightening member for preventing the threaded engagement of the detection cartridge seat (18) from loosening is arranged in the reinforced chamber (180e); The outer end of the dual flow delivery channel (180d) is connected to the annular cavity (180f), and a detection unit (12) is arranged in the annular cavity (180f); The airtight hole (180b), the drainage channel (180c), the dual flow channel (180d), the enhanced sealed chamber (180e) and the annular cavity (180f) are connected to each other and are filled with gas medium.

3. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection unit (11) comprises a sensor (110), a transmitting and receiving module (111) and a control chip (112), which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside in the detection hole (180a), wherein: The sensor (110) performs downhole annular pressure detection operation and outputs a first signal to a control chip (112); the control chip (112) controls a transmitting and receiving module (111) to output the first signal to a data processing module (21).

4. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The detection unit (12) comprises an elastic membrane (120) and a support frame (121), wherein: The outer end of the detection tube seat (18) coaxially penetrates the annular groove to form an annular cavity (180f), a support frame (121) is arranged in the annular cavity (180f), the cross section of the annular cavity (180f) is in the shape of a square, and an extension rod (122) is slidably connected to the outer frame of the support frame (121), the length of the extension rod (122) is parallel to the axial direction of the annular cavity (180f), the outer end of the extension rod (122) is connected to the elastic diaphragm (120), and the inner end of the extension rod (122) is connected to the first trigger member (123); A second triggering member (125) and a signal transmitter (124) are arranged at the inner frame of the support frame (121); the second triggering member (125) contacts the first triggering member (123) to trigger the signal transmitter (124) to start, and transmit a second signal to the control chip (112); the control chip (112) controls the transmitting and receiving module (111) to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit (25) for early warning.

5. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side wall of the detection cylinder seat (18) passes through the L-shaped hole to form a reinforced chamber (180e), and one end of the reinforced chamber (180e) is connected to the inner wall of the installation hole; The tightening member comprises a side pressure plunger (192) and an anti-slip sheet (193); the end of the side pressure plunger (192) is connected to the anti-slip sheet (193), and the two are arranged in a horizontally sliding manner in the reinforced chamber (180e).

6. A multi-position monitoring system for drilling wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor (110) is a sensor for measuring the dielectric properties of annular multiphase fluid, and the transmitting and receiving module (111) is a wireless transmitting and receiving module.

7. A monitoring method, using the multi-position monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The collection unit (11) collects annular pressures at n locations downhole, and outputs a first signal to a data processing module (21); The data processing module (21) performs differential processing on the annular pressure data to obtain a pressure gradient, and performs Gaussian filtering on the pressure gradient; The data extraction module (22) extracts the signal characteristics of the data after Gaussian filtering within a window period; Based on the signal characteristics, the parameter acquisition module (23) simulates the change of annular pressure under gas invasion and leakage conditions, establishes a feature recognition model, and obtains hyperplane parameters; The model unit (24) receives the hyperplane parameters and determines whether the gas well is in a gas invasion or leakage condition; The detection unit (12) determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, and if so, outputs a second signal to the alarm unit (25) for early warning.

8. A monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The acquisition unit (11) acquires the annular pressure at n locations downhole, comprising the following steps: The sensor (110) detects the downhole annular pressure and outputs a first signal to a control chip (112), and the control chip (112) controls the transmitting and receiving module (111) to output the first signal to a data processing module (21); The detection unit (12) determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, and if so, outputs a second signal to the alarm unit (25) for early warning.

9. A monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The detection unit (12) determines whether the annular pressure at n locations underground exceeds a critical preset value, specifically comprising the following steps: The elastic diaphragm (120) detects the downhole annular pressure. When the downhole annular pressure is greater than a critical preset value, an external force squeezes the elastic diaphragm (120) to deform. The elastic diaphragm (120) drives the first trigger member (123) on the extension rod (122) to contact the second trigger member (125), which can trigger the signal transmitter (124) to start and transmit the second signal to the control chip (112). The control chip (112) controls the transmitting and receiving module (111) to transmit the second signal to the alarm unit (25) for early warning.

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