Primary-secondary structure spray pipe of jet engine

Abstract

The invention provides a primary-secondary structure spray pipe of a jet engine, which comprises a primary spray pipe and a plurality of secondary spray pipes arranged in the primary spray pipe, one end of the primary spray pipe is connected with a combustion chamber, the other end of the primary spray pipe is an expansion nozzle, an interface of the secondary spray pipe at one end of the combustion chamber is connected with a water distribution mechanism, and the other end of the secondary spray pipe is a nozzle for spraying water vapor. The gas for generating the thrust is composed of water vapor and gas tail gas, the fuel part for generating the thrust is replaced by water, and the temperature of the tail gas can be controlled to be 1000 DEG C or below. The water sump is arranged in the mother spray pipe, so that the combustion chamber is surrounded by the water sump, the high-temperature-resistant requirement of materials can be reduced, the cost is reduced, gas for generating thrust is composed of water vapor and gas tail gas, the temperature of the tail gas can be controlled to be 1000 DEG C or below, fuel for generating thrust is partially replaced by water, and at least 25% or above of fuel can be saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses a parent-child structure nozzle of a jet engine, belonging to the technical field of jet engines. Background Art

[0002] A jet engine is a heat engine or electric machine that generates power by accelerating and discharging high-speed fluids, so that the gas produced by fuel combustion is ejected at high speed. There are five main components of a jet engine, from front to back: the air intake, compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, and tail nozzle.

[0003] The tail nozzle is generally a convergent type, because the convergence of the nozzle can increase the exhaust speed and increase the thrust. Now there is also a kind of tail nozzle that is a convergent-divergent type, which is mainly used for supersonic aircraft. Because the more the gas is compressed after reaching the speed of sound, the smaller the speed, so when the gas converges to the top, it just reaches the speed of sound. At this time, using an expandable tail nozzle can continue to increase the airflow speed.

[0004] Jet engines mainly use petroleum hydrocarbon fuels, which are divided into three categories according to different boiling points: wide-fraction type (boiling point range 60℃~280℃), kerosene type (boiling point range 150℃~280℃), and heavy-fraction type (boiling point range 190℃~315℃). Aviation kerosene is usually used. Jet engines use high-speed airflow generated by burning kerosene fuel to propel the aircraft forward. Its kinetic energy depends on the quality and speed of the exhaust gas. A large amount of high-temperature heat energy generated in this process is wasted, and the nozzle is required to be resistant to high temperatures. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the nozzle material is very high, and the operation and maintenance costs are also high. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a jet engine mother-child structure nozzle, which fully utilizes the heat energy of combustion to reduce fuel energy consumption, and also makes the nozzle material no longer need high temperature resistant materials, reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a jet engine mother-child structure nozzle, which is composed of a mother nozzle and a plurality of child nozzles arranged in the mother nozzle, one end of the mother nozzle is connected to the combustion chamber, and the other end is an expansion nozzle, the interface of the child nozzle at one end of the combustion chamber is connected to the water distribution mechanism, and the other end is a nozzle for spraying water vapor. The gas used to generate thrust is composed of water vapor and fuel gas exhaust, the fuel part that generates thrust is replaced by water, and the exhaust gas temperature can also be controlled below 1000 degrees.

[0007] Furthermore, the inner cavity of the expansion nozzle of the main nozzle is a convergent, expanding, and secondary expansion structure, and the nozzle of the sub-nozzle is a Laval nozzle.

[0008] Furthermore, the nozzle of the sub-nozzle is located at the secondary expansion nozzle of the main nozzle, and a distance is left between the end face of the sub-nozzle of the sub-nozzle and the end face of the main nozzle of the main nozzle.

[0009] Furthermore, the plurality of sub-nozzles are distributed circumferentially within the main nozzle.

[0010] Furthermore, in the mother nozzle, a water tank is arranged between the outer wall and the inner wall of the mother nozzle, the water inlet of the water tank is connected to the external water supply source through the water inlet pipe, the water outlet of the water tank is connected to the water distributor through the water outlet pipe, a pump valve assembly is arranged on the water outlet pipe, and water outlets corresponding to a plurality of sub-nozzles are arranged on the water distributor, the inner wall space of the water tank constitutes the gas nozzle cavity of the mother nozzle, and an ignition device, a fuel nozzle, and a combustion-supporting gas nozzle are arranged on the end face of the gas nozzle cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the plurality of sub-nozzles are distributed in a circle in the main nozzle, close to the inner wall of the water tank, and the pipe structure of each sub-nozzle follows the inner cavity structure of the main nozzle.

[0012] Furthermore, the tube body of the sub-nozzle is located in the combustion chamber, and the control component controls the pump-valve assembly to make it absorb water from the water tank. The water inlet pipe of the water tank is arranged on the main nozzle close to the combustion chamber side, and the water outlet of the water tank is arranged on the main nozzle close to the nozzle side. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the water tank to detect the temperature and pressure in the water tank. The control component adjusts the water circuit pump-valve assembly and the fuel flow in real time according to the temperature and pressure values ​​transmitted by the sensor, thereby controlling the water vapor ratio in the sub-nozzle in real time.

[0013] The beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that a water tank is arranged in the mother nozzle so that the combustion chamber is surrounded by the water tank, thereby reducing the high temperature resistance requirements of the material and reducing costs. Since the gas used to generate thrust is composed of water vapor and combustion gas exhaust, the exhaust gas temperature can be controlled below 1000 degrees, and part of the fuel that generates thrust is replaced by water, which can save at least 25% of the fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a front view of the structural schematic diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention; In the figure: 1. main nozzle, 2. sub-nozzle, 3. combustion chamber, 4. water tank, 5. pump-valve assembly, 6. water outlet pipe, 7. water distributor, 8. ignition device, 9. water inlet pipe, 10. sub-nozzle, 11. main nozzle, 21. fuel nozzle, 22. combustion-supporting gas nozzle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] Example 1 A jet engine mother-child structure nozzle is composed of a mother nozzle and a plurality of child nozzles arranged in the mother nozzle. One end of the mother nozzle is connected to a combustion chamber, and the other end is an expansion nozzle. The interface of the child nozzle at one end of the combustion chamber is connected to a water distribution mechanism, and the other end is a nozzle for spraying water vapor.

[0017] By burning through the main nozzle, the sub-nozzle located inside it is heated, so that the gas used to generate thrust is composed of water vapor and combustion gas exhaust, so that the original fuel for generating thrust is partially replaced by water. This not only saves energy, but also allows the exhaust gas temperature to be controlled below 1000 degrees, reducing the high temperature resistance requirements of the nozzle material, reducing manufacturing costs, and reducing use and maintenance costs.

[0018] Example 2 like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the inner cavity of the expansion nozzle of the main nozzle 1 is a convergent, expanding, and secondary expansion structure, and the nozzle of the sub-nozzle 2 is a Laval nozzle. The nozzle of the sub-nozzle 2 is located at the secondary expansion nozzle of the main nozzle 1, and the end face of the sub-nozzle 10 of the sub-nozzle 2 is spaced from the end face of the main nozzle 11 of the main nozzle.

[0019] Inside the mother nozzle 1, a water tank 4 is arranged between the inner and outer walls of the mother nozzle 1, the water inlet of the water tank 4 is connected to the external water supply source through the water inlet pipe 9, the water outlet of the water tank 4 is connected to the water distributor 7 through the water outlet pipe 6, a pump valve assembly 5 is arranged on the water outlet pipe 6, and water outlets corresponding to a plurality of sub-nozzles 2 are arranged on the water distributor 7, the inner wall space of the water tank 4 constitutes the gas nozzle cavity of the mother nozzle 1, and an ignition device 8, a fuel nozzle 21, and a combustion-supporting gas nozzle 22 are arranged on the end face of the gas nozzle cavity.

[0020] like Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of sub-nozzles 2 are distributed in a circle in the main nozzle 1, and the sub-nozzles 1 are distributed in a circle in the main nozzle 2 close to the inner wall of the water tank 4, and the pipe structure of each sub-nozzle 1 follows the inner cavity structure of the main nozzle 1, that is, the inner cavity of the expansion nozzle of the main nozzle 1 is a converging and expanding curved structure.

[0021] The tube body of the sub-nozzle 1 is located in the combustion chamber, and the control component controls the pump-valve assembly to make it absorb water from the water tank 4. The water inlet pipe of the water tank 4 is arranged on the main nozzle 1 close to the combustion chamber side, and the water outlet of the water tank 4 is arranged on the main nozzle 1 close to the nozzle side. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the water tank to detect the temperature and pressure in the water tank. The control component adjusts the water circuit pump-valve assembly and the fuel flow in real time according to the temperature and pressure values ​​transmitted by the sensor, thereby controlling the water vapor ratio in the sub-nozzle in real time.

[0022] It can be seen from this embodiment that a water tank is arranged in the mother nozzle so that the combustion chamber is surrounded by the water tank, thereby reducing the high temperature resistance requirements of the material, and a relatively thin aluminum alloy material can be used, which is low in cost and light in weight. Since the gas used to generate thrust is composed of water vapor and combustion gas exhaust, the exhaust gas temperature can be controlled below 1000 degrees. Since water replaces a part of the fuel that generates thrust, more than 25% of fuel consumption can be saved.

[0023] The above embodiments are explanations and illustrations of the technical solutions of the present invention and cannot be regarded as limitations of the technical solutions of the present invention. Simple modifications based on the present invention or modifications combined with the prior art are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A jet engine nozzle with a mother-child structure, characterized in that: It consists of a main nozzle and several sub-nozzles arranged in the main nozzle. One end of the main nozzle is connected to the combustion chamber, and the other end is an expansion nozzle. The interface of the sub-nozzle located at one end of the combustion chamber is connected to the water distribution mechanism, and the other end is a nozzle that sprays water vapor. The gas used to generate thrust is composed of water vapor and combustion gas exhaust. The fuel that generates thrust is partially replaced by water, and the exhaust gas temperature can also be controlled below 1000 degrees.

2. The jet engine mother-child structure nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the expansion nozzle of the main nozzle is a convergent, expanding, and secondary expansion structure, and the nozzle of the sub-nozzle is a Laval nozzle.

3. The parent-child structure nozzle of a jet engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nozzle of the sub-nozzle is located at the secondary expansion nozzle of the main nozzle, and a distance is left between the end face of the sub-nozzle of the sub-nozzle and the end face of the main nozzle of the main nozzle.

4. The jet engine mother-child structure nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of sub-nozzles are distributed circumferentially within the main nozzle.

5. The jet engine mother-child structure nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water tank is arranged inside the mother nozzle between the outer wall and the inner wall of the mother nozzle, the water inlet of the water tank is connected to an external water supply source through an inlet pipe, the water outlet of the water tank is connected to a water distributor through an outlet pipe, a pump valve assembly is arranged on the outlet pipe, water distribution ports corresponding to a plurality of sub-nozzles are arranged on the water distributor, the inner wall space of the water tank constitutes a gas nozzle cavity of the mother nozzle, and an ignition device, a fuel nozzle, and a combustion-supporting gas nozzle are arranged on the end face of the gas nozzle cavity.

6. The jet engine mother-child structure nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plurality of sub-nozzles are distributed in a circle in the main nozzle, close to the inner wall of the water tank, and the pipe structure of each sub-nozzle follows the inner cavity structure of the main nozzle.

7. The jet engine mother-child structure nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that: The tube body of the sub-nozzle is located in the combustion chamber, and the control component controls the pump-valve assembly to make it absorb water from the water tank. The water inlet pipe of the water tank is arranged on the main nozzle near the combustion chamber side, and the water outlet of the water tank is arranged on the main nozzle near the nozzle side. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged on the water tank to detect the temperature and pressure in the water tank. The control component adjusts the water circuit pump-valve assembly and the fuel flow in real time according to the temperature and pressure values ​​transmitted by the sensor, thereby controlling the water vapor ratio in the sub-nozzle in real time.

Images