Axle fatigue test detection mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses an axle fatigue test detection mechanism, which comprises a rack, two limiting blocks which are arranged on the rack and are provided with limiting holes, a cross beam which is provided with an upper limiting plate and a lower limiting plate through bolts, and a servo hydraulic cylinder which is used for driving the cross beam to move up and down, and also comprises an amplitude variation unit and an acceleration protection unit. According to the axle fatigue test detection mechanism, when the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder stretches and retracts, the axle is driven to swing up and down for multiple times, the swing speed of the axle is increased, the detection efficiency is improved, abrasion of all parts of the servo hydraulic cylinder is not accelerated, the axle can be driven to swing up and down at different amplitudes, and the detection accuracy is improved. And the stress state and the fatigue performance of the axle in a complex operation environment can be reflected more comprehensively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of axle detection, and in particular to an axle fatigue test detection mechanism. Background Art

[0002] The train axle is the half-axle connecting the wheels to the main reducer (or differential). Its main function is to transmit torque to ensure that the train wheels can rotate at a predetermined speed and direction, thereby driving the train forward. It is one of the core components of the bogie, and its performance plays a decisive role in the reliability of the EMU vehicle.

[0003] The existing axle fatigue test bench includes fixings for limiting and fixing the two ends of the axle and a servo hydraulic cylinder for driving the middle part of the axle to move up and down by a certain amplitude. In actual tests, the servo hydraulic cylinder generally drives the axle to move up and down by the same amplitude. The train axle will encounter various complex road conditions during driving, such as curves, ramps, uneven tracks, etc., which will cause the axle to be subjected to alternating loads of different amplitudes. The up and down movement of the same amplitude cannot more comprehensively reflect the stress state and fatigue performance of the axle in a complex operating environment, and thus cannot provide more accurate test results and evaluation basis. At the same time, the servo hydraulic cylinder moves back and forth through its output end to In order to drive the middle part of the axle to swing up and down, if you want to speed up the swing of the axle, you need to speed up the reciprocating motion of the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder. The rapid reciprocating motion will increase the friction between the seal and the cylinder wall. Long-term operation will accelerate the wear of the seal and reduce its sealing performance. The rapid reciprocating motion will cause the metal material of the cylinder to be subjected to repeated stress, which can easily cause material fatigue. In short, the rapid reciprocating motion of the output end will shorten the service life of the servo hydraulic cylinder components. Therefore, it is impossible to speed up the swing of the axle (generally the axle needs to swing up and down at least 800,000 times), and thus it is impossible to improve the test detection efficiency. Therefore, the present application provides an axle fatigue test detection mechanism to meet the needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an axle fatigue test detection mechanism to solve the technical problems raised in the above background.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: an axle fatigue test detection mechanism, comprising a frame, two limit blocks with limit holes installed on the frame, a crossbeam with an upper limit plate and a lower limit plate installed by bolts, and a servo hydraulic cylinder for driving the crossbeam to move up and down, and also comprising an amplitude change unit and an acceleration protection unit; Luffing unit: used to drive the axle to swing up and down with different amplitudes; Acceleration protection unit: It can speed up the up and down swing of the axle without affecting the service life of the servo hydraulic cylinder.

[0006] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, the amplitude changing unit includes a driving wheel, a U-shaped rod with a rotating drum rotatably arranged at both ends through bearings, and a one-way gear; The driving wheel is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft, the two ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the mounting plates, the two mounting plates are fixedly connected to the frame, both side surfaces of the driving wheel are provided with coaxial annular grooves, and the inner cavity of the annular groove is provided with a variable amplitude assembly; The amplitude-changing assembly comprises a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions circumferentially arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular groove and an arc-shaped groove circumferentially arranged on the outer ring wall of the annular groove, the protrusion height of each arc-shaped protrusion is inconsistent, the depression depth of each arc-shaped groove is consistent with the protrusion height of the corresponding arc-shaped protrusion, the spacing between each arc-shaped groove and the corresponding arc-shaped protrusion is equal, and both are adapted to the diameter of the rotating drum, and the rotating drum is located in the annular groove; A one-way gear is installed on the rotating shaft, and the one-way gear is gear-connected with the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder; A limiting column is fixed on the U-shaped rod, and the upper end of the limiting column slides through the U-shaped plate, and the U-shaped plate is fixedly mounted on the frame; The crossbeam is connected to the U-shaped rod, and the U-shaped rod drives the crossbeam to move up and down.

[0007] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, it also includes a unidirectional continuous driving unit, which is used to drive the driving wheel to perform unidirectional continuous rotation.

[0008] As a preferred implementation scheme in this embodiment, the unidirectional continuous drive unit includes an additional group of unidirectional gears, and the two groups of unidirectional gears are installed on the rotating shaft in the same direction. The output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder is provided with a U-shaped gear plate, and the two toothed ends of the U-shaped gear plate are respectively toothed with the corresponding single unidirectional gear.

[0009] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, it also includes a labor-saving protection unit for reducing the bearing force on the rotating drum.

[0010] As a preferred implementation scheme in this embodiment, the labor-saving protection unit includes a linear tooth plate fixedly set on the U-shaped rod and a pinion, a large gear and a gear column that are meshed with each other in sequence, the upper end of the gear column slides through the U-shaped plate, the pinion and the large gear are both rotatably set on the U-shaped plate, and the pinion is gear-connected to the tooth plate.

[0011] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, the gear ratio between the large gear and the small gear is 3.

[0012] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: The invention has a reasonable structure. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism drives the axle to swing up and down multiple times when the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder is extended and retracted, thereby accelerating the swing speed of the axle and improving the detection efficiency. The invention does not accelerate the wear of the components of the servo hydraulic cylinder and can drive the axle to swing up and down with different amplitudes, thereby more comprehensively reflecting the stress state and fatigue performance of the axle in a complex operating environment. In the present invention, a one-way continuous driving unit is provided, which further promotes the improvement of the working efficiency of the test and is also beneficial to improve the service life of the bearing in the drum; In the present invention, a labor-saving protection unit is provided, which can reduce the bearing force of the bearing inside the drum, protect the bearing and increase its service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure from the middle and rear view; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the middle drive wheel structure; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the rear view structure of the middle driving wheel; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the middle U-shaped rod structure; Figure 6 for Figure 4 The schematic diagram of the structure of the middle driving wheel from the front view; Figure 7 for Figure 1 The enlarged structural diagram at A in the middle; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped tooth plate structure.

[0015] In the figure: 1, frame; 2, limit block; 3, limit hole; 4, crossbeam; 5, upper limit plate; 6, lower limit plate; 7, servo hydraulic cylinder; 8, mounting plate; 9, rotating shaft; 10, driving wheel; 11, one-way gear; 12, annular groove; 13, amplitude change assembly; 131, arc groove; 132, arc protrusion; 14, U-shaped rod; 15, limit column; 16, rotating drum; 17, gear column; 18, small gear; 19, large gear; 20, gear column; 21, U-shaped plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example: Reference Figure 1-2 The axle fatigue test detection mechanism shown in the figure comprises a frame 1, two limit blocks 2 with limit holes 3 mounted on the frame 1, a crossbeam 4 with an upper limit plate 5 and a lower limit plate 6 mounted by bolts, and a servo hydraulic cylinder 7 for driving the crossbeam 4 to move up and down, and also comprises an amplitude changing unit and an acceleration protection unit; Luffing unit: used to drive the axle to swing up and down with different amplitudes; Acceleration protection unit: It can speed up the up and down swing of the axle without affecting the service life of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0018] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, Figure 1-6 As shown, the amplitude changing unit includes a driving wheel 10, a U-shaped rod 14 with a rotating drum 16 rotatably arranged at both ends through bearings, and a one-way gear 11; The driving wheel 10 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 9, and both ends of the rotating shaft 9 are rotatably connected to the mounting plates 8. The two mounting plates 8 are fixedly connected to the frame 1. Both side surfaces of the driving wheel 10 are provided with coaxial annular grooves 12, and the inner cavity of the annular groove 12 is provided with a variable amplitude assembly 13. The amplitude changing assembly 13 includes a plurality of arcuate protrusions 132 circumferentially arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular groove 12 and an arcuate groove 131 circumferentially arranged on the outer ring wall of the annular groove 12. The protrusion height of each arcuate protrusion 132 is inconsistent. The concave depth of each arcuate groove 131 is consistent with the protrusion height of the corresponding arcuate protrusion 132. The spacing between each arcuate groove 131 and the corresponding arcuate protrusion 132 is equal and both are adapted to the diameter of the rotating drum 16. The rotating drum 16 is located in the annular groove 12. A one-way gear 11 is installed on the rotating shaft 9, and the one-way gear 11 is gear-connected with the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7; A limit column 15 is fixed on the U-shaped rod 14, and the upper end of the limit column 15 slides through the U-shaped plate 21, and the U-shaped plate 21 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1; The cross beam 4 is connected to the U-shaped rod 14, and the U-shaped rod 14 drives the cross beam 4 to move up and down.

[0019] When in use (before use, the two ends of the axle are respectively inserted and installed in the limit holes 3, and then the middle part of the axle is fixed and limited between the upper limit plate 5 and the lower limit plate 6 by bolts), the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 can be extended downward, and the rotating shaft 9 is driven to rotate counterclockwise through the one-way gear 11, thereby driving the driving wheel 10 to rotate, so that the rotating drum 16 moves in the variable amplitude path of the closed loop surrounded by the annular groove 12, the arc-shaped protrusion 132 and the arc-shaped groove 131, and then the U-shaped rod 14 drives the crossbeam 4 to swing up and down with a changing amplitude, which is conducive to more comprehensive reflection The stress state and fatigue performance of the axle in a complex operating environment. When the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 is fully extended downward, the crossbeam 4 has driven the axle to swing up and down multiple times. The output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 moves upward to return to its original position. At this time, the drive wheel 10 does not rotate. Compared with the original structure in which the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 can only swing up and down once as it extends and contracts, the present structure can drive the axle to swing up and down multiple times as the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 extends and contracts, thereby accelerating the swing speed of the axle, improving the detection efficiency, and will not accelerate the wear of the various components of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0020] It should be noted that, first, rotating cylinders 16 are rotatably provided at both ends of the U-shaped rod 14, and two of them are provided to ensure even force and prevent damage to the bearing due to excessive force; second, the width of the annular groove 12 is equal everywhere; third, a plurality of universal ball bearings are circumferentially provided at the through-hole of the U-shaped plate 21, and the plurality of universal ball bearings are in sliding contact with the outer wall of the limit column 15; fourth, this test detection structure improves the test detection efficiency without changing the operating speed of the original servo hydraulic cylinder 7.

[0021] As a preferred implementation manner in this embodiment, a unidirectional continuous driving unit is also included, which is used to drive the driving wheel 10 to perform unidirectional continuous rotation.

[0022] When the output end of the hydraulic servo cylinder 7 is retracted from the extended state, it cannot drive the driving wheel 10 to rotate, that is, it cannot control the axle to move up and down during this time period, which causes this period of time to be wasted, which is not conducive to further promoting the improvement of the work efficiency of the test.

[0023] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the one-way continuous drive unit includes an additional set of one-way gears 11. The two sets of one-way gears 11 are installed on the rotating shaft 9 in the same direction. A U-shaped tooth plate is provided at the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7, and the two toothed ends of the U-shaped tooth plate are respectively toothed with the corresponding single one-way gear 11.

[0024] Another set of one-way gears 11 is provided, when the U-shaped toothed plate (reference Figure 8 ) When the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 moves downward, the tooth connection part on the left side of the U-shaped tooth plate drives the driving wheel 10 to rotate counterclockwise. When the U-shaped tooth plate moves upward, the tooth connection part of the U-shaped tooth plate on the right side drives the driving wheel 10 to rotate counterclockwise, so that when the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder 7 extends and contracts, the driving wheel 10 rotates continuously in the same direction, which can greatly improve the work efficiency. At the same time, compared with the alternating rotation of forward and reverse, the continuous rotation in the same direction can effectively reduce the rolling track of the bearing in the annular groove 12. Relatively stable, this helps to reduce the impact and vibration that may be caused by sudden changes in direction; continuous unidirectional movement helps the internal components of the bearing to maintain a more uniform stress distribution, avoids the instantaneous high stress state that may occur when repeatedly switching directions, and is beneficial to increasing the service life of the bearing.

[0025] It should be noted that, first, the two one-way gears 11 are located in the U-shaped cavity of the U-shaped tooth plate, and the two toothed ends of the U-shaped tooth plate are respectively connected to the left end of a one-way gear 11 and the right end of a one-way gear 11; second, they are installed in the same direction, that is, the two one-way gear drive shafts can drive the rotating shaft 9 to rotate in the same direction; third, the rotating shaft 16 is rotatably arranged on the U-shaped rod 14 through a bearing, the purpose of which is to reduce the friction between the rotating drum 16 and the driving wheel 10.

[0026] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, a labor-saving protection unit is also included to reduce the bearing force on the rotating drum 16.

[0027] The purpose is to further reduce the load on the bearing inside the drum 16, protect the bearing and increase its service life.

[0028] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, the labor-saving protection unit includes a linear toothed plate 17 fixedly set on the U-shaped rod 14, and a pinion 18, a large gear 19 and a gear column 20 which are meshed with each other in sequence. The upper end of the gear column 20 slides through the U-shaped plate 21, and the pinion 18 and the large gear 19 are both rotatably set on the U-shaped plate 21, and the pinion 18 is gear-connected with the toothed plate 17.

[0029] When the U-shaped rod 14 moves up and down, the pinion 18 is driven to rotate through the tooth plate 17, and the rotation of the pinion 18 drives the large gear to rotate, and the large gear 19 drives the axle to swing up and down through the tooth connection with the tooth column 20. The pinion 18 drives the large gear 19 to rotate, which is a labor-saving structure. That is, the U-shaped rod 14 uses less force to drive the axle to swing up and down, thereby reducing the force on the bearing in the drum 16, which is beneficial to increasing the service life of the bearing.

[0030] As a preferred implementation in this embodiment, the gear ratio between the large gear 19 and the small gear 18 is 3.

[0031] When the gear ratio of the large gear 19 to the small gear 18 is 3, it can achieve a good labor-saving effect (i.e., it can well reduce the force on the bearing in the drum 16) and also has a higher transmission efficiency, while also preventing the axle from moving too small and failing to provide more accurate test results (when the gear ratio of the large gear 19 to the small gear 18 increases, the rotation speed of the large gear 19 decreases, and the angle of rotation of the large gear 19 decreases in the same time, so the distance moved by the gear column 20 will also decrease accordingly, that is, the movement amplitude of the axle will decrease accordingly).

[0032] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An axle fatigue test detection mechanism, comprising a frame (1), two limit blocks (2) with limit holes (3) mounted on the frame (1), a crossbeam (4) to which an upper limit plate (5) and a lower limit plate (6) are mounted by bolts, and a servo hydraulic cylinder (7) for driving the crossbeam (4) to move up and down, characterized in that: It also includes a luffing unit and an acceleration protection unit; Luffing unit: used to drive the axle to swing up and down with different amplitudes; Acceleration protection unit: can accelerate the up and down swinging of the axle without affecting the service life of the servo hydraulic cylinder (7).

2. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amplitude changing unit comprises a driving wheel (10), a U-shaped rod (14) with rotating drums (16) rotatably provided at both ends via bearings, and a one-way gear (11); The driving wheel (10) is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft (9), and both ends of the rotating shaft (9) are rotatably connected to the mounting plates (8). The two mounting plates (8) are fixedly connected to the frame (1). Both side surfaces of the driving wheel (10) are provided with coaxial annular grooves (12), and the inner cavity of the annular groove (12) is provided with a variable amplitude assembly (13); The amplitude-changing assembly (13) comprises a plurality of arc-shaped protrusions (132) circumferentially arranged on the inner ring wall of the annular groove (12) and an arc-shaped groove (131) circumferentially arranged on the outer ring wall of the annular groove (12), the protrusion height of each arc-shaped protrusion (132) is inconsistent, the recessed depth of each arc-shaped groove (131) is consistent with the protrusion height of the corresponding arc-shaped protrusion (132), the spacing between each arc-shaped groove (131) and the corresponding arc-shaped protrusion (132) is equal, and both are adapted to the diameter of the rotating drum (16), and the rotating drum (16) is located in the annular groove (12); A one-way gear (11) is mounted on the rotating shaft (9), and the one-way gear (11) is gear-connected to the output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder (7); A limiting column (15) is fixed on the U-shaped rod (14), and the upper end of the limiting column (15) slides through the U-shaped plate (21), and the U-shaped plate (21) is fixedly mounted on the frame (1); The crossbeam (4) is connected to the U-shaped rod (14), and the U-shaped rod (14) drives the crossbeam (4) to move up and down.

3. (3) An axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim (2), characterized in that: It also includes a unidirectional continuous driving unit, which is used to drive the driving wheel (10) to perform unidirectional continuous rotation.

4. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The one-way continuous drive unit includes an additional set of one-way gears (11), and the two sets of one-way gears (11) are both installed on the rotating shaft (9) in the same direction. The output end of the servo hydraulic cylinder (7) is provided with a U-shaped tooth plate, and the two tooth connection ends of the U-shaped tooth plate are respectively tooth-connected with the corresponding single one-way gear (11).

5. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a labor-saving protection unit for reducing the bearing force on the rotating drum (16).

6. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The labor-saving protection unit comprises a linear toothed plate (17) fixedly arranged on the U-shaped rod (14), and a pinion (18), a large gear (19) and a toothed column (20) that are sequentially meshed with each other, wherein the upper end of the toothed column (20) slides through the U-shaped plate (21), the pinion (18) and the large gear (19) are both rotatably arranged on the U-shaped plate (21), and the pinion (18) is tooth-engaged with the toothed plate (17).

7. The axle fatigue test detection mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gear ratio between the large gear (19) and the small gear (18) is 3.

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