Portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sludge sampling, in particular to a portable river bottom sludge sampling device for water environment treatment. Comprising a driving device; the sampling inner shell is detachably and fixedly connected to the driving device; the outer shell is arranged outside the sampling inner shell, a gap is reserved between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell, and the driving device is detachably and fixedly connected with a control shaft; the attaching ring is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell, and the attaching ring is attached to the outer shell; the fixing assembly is arranged on the outer shell and used for fixing the outer shell and the sampling inner shell into a whole. The sampling inner shell and the outer shell are separated, water enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell to offset negative pressure, part of sludge is diluted, the resistance of a sludge layer of the outer shell is reduced, a worker can pull out the outer shell more easily in combination with shaking of the outer shell, and the sludge sampling efficiency and the convenience degree are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sludge sampling, in particular to a portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management. Background Art

[0002] Riverbed sludge sampling is an important basic work in water environment management. It is mainly used to evaluate river water quality, understand pollution sources and formulate management plans. It can help scientific researchers and engineers understand the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of river bottom sediments, and thus provide a scientific basis for water environment management. The existing riverbed sludge sampling methods include sampling tube sampling, piston sampling and grab sampling. Among them, the sampling tube sampling method is widely used because of its simple structure, light weight, easy to carry and easy to operate. The existing sampling tube sampling requires the staff to lower the sampling tube to the bottom of the river, and then insert the sampling tube into the sludge layer to allow the sludge to enter the sampling tube to complete the sampling. However, when the sampling tube is pulled out, the sampling tube forms a seal with the sludge layer, and a negative pressure gap is formed between the sampling tube and the sludge layer when it is pulled out. When the sampling tube is pulled out, it is not only subject to the resistance of the sludge and the extraction force of the negative pressure, but also difficult for the staff to pull out the sampling tube, which consumes a lot of time and effort. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the disadvantage that the sampling tube forms a seal with the sludge layer, and a negative pressure gap is formed between the sampling tube and the sludge layer when the sampling tube is pulled out, which makes it difficult for staff to pull out the sampling tube, the present invention provides a portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management.

[0004] The technical solution is: a portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management, including: Drive device; A sampling inner shell is detachably and fixedly connected to the driving device, and the sampling inner shell is used to store the sampled sludge; The outer shell is arranged outside the sampling inner shell, and a gap is left between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell, and the driving device is detachably fixedly connected with a control shaft; A fitting ring, arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell, the fitting ring fits with the outer shell and is used to block the gap between the outer shell and the sampling inner shell; A fixing assembly is arranged on the outer shell and is used to fix the outer shell and the sampling inner shell into one body.

[0005] Furthermore, the bottom of the shell is provided with circumferentially distributed plug blocks, and the edges of the plug blocks are sharpened to reduce the resistance of the shell entering the sludge layer.

[0006] Furthermore, a first through hole is provided on the top of the sampling inner shell, and the first through hole is used to discharge water in the sampling inner shell.

[0007] Furthermore, the fixing assembly includes: The first limiting shaft is slidably connected to the top of the outer shell, the first limiting shaft is limitedly matched with the sampling inner shell, a first elastic member is arranged between the first limiting shaft and the outer shell, and the first limiting shaft is fixedly connected with a pull rope.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes: A plugging component is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell and is used to plug the sludge in the sampling inner shell. The plugging component includes: A second elastic member is disposed between the sampling inner shell and the fitting ring, the sampling inner shell is rotatably connected to the fitting ring, and the second elastic member is used to drive the fitting ring to rotate; A plugging soft ring, fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell and the fitting ring, and used for plugging the sampling inner shell; A limiting assembly is arranged on the fitting ring and is used for limiting the rotation of the fitting ring.

[0009] Furthermore, the limit assembly includes: The second limiting shaft is slidably connected to the fitting ring. The second limiting shaft is limitedly matched with the outer shell. A third elastic member is arranged between the second limiting shaft and the fitting ring.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes: an auxiliary separation component, which is arranged on the shell, and the auxiliary separation component is used to assist the separation of the shell and the sludge layer, and the auxiliary separation component includes: There are several extrusion frames, which are slidably connected to the outer shell. Several of the extrusion frames are extruded and matched with the fitting ring. The extrusion frames are located in the gap between the sampling inner shell and the outer shell. The extrusion frames are fixedly connected to the expansion plate located outside the outer shell. A fourth elastic member is arranged between the extrusion frames and the outer shell.

[0011] Furthermore, inclined surfaces are provided at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring to reduce the friction between the fitting ring and the extrusion frame.

[0012] Furthermore, a second through hole is provided on the outside of the shell, and the expansion plate is sealed and matched with the adjacent second through hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the extrusion frame is composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods, the notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods are oriented in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frame are oriented toward the outer shell, so that the fitting ring drives the expansion plate to periodically block the second through hole through the extrusion frame.

[0014] The beneficial effects are: 1. By separating the sampling inner shell and the outer shell, water enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell to offset the negative pressure, dilute part of the sludge, reduce the resistance of the sludge layer on the outer shell, and make it easier for the staff to pull it out by shaking the outer shell, thereby improving the efficiency and convenience of sludge sampling.

[0015] 2. The torque accumulated by the second elastic member drives the plugging soft ring to twist, so that the plugging soft ring twists to seal the bottom of the sampling inner shell, thereby preventing the sampled sludge in the sampling inner shell from falling into the river channel due to the influence of the river water when being extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river.

[0016] 3. The expansion plate periodically expands to form a gap between the outer shell and the sludge layer, reducing the contact area between the outer shell and the sludge layer. At the same time, the sludge layer is diluted to reduce the force of the sludge on the outer shell, thereby reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion frame of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the sampling inner shell and the outer shell of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first limiting shaft and the first elastic member of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second limiting shaft and the third elastic member of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the extrusion frame of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the fitting ring and the extrusion frame of the present invention.

[0018] Names and serial numbers of parts in the figure: 1-driving device, 2-sampling inner shell, 3-outer shell, 4-control shaft, 5-fitting ring, 6-insertion block, 7-first through hole, 201-first limiting shaft, 202-first elastic member, 203-pull rope, 301-second elastic member, 302-sealing soft ring, 303-second limiting shaft, 304-third elastic member, 401-extrusion frame, 402-expansion plate, 403-fourth elastic member, 404-second through hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0020] In the existing riverbed sludge sampling process, the staff needs to lower the sampling tube to the bottom of the river channel and then insert it into the sludge layer to allow the sludge to enter the sampling tube to complete the sampling. However, when the sampling tube is pulled out, the sampling tube and the sludge layer form a seal, resulting in a negative pressure gap between the sampling tube and the sludge layer. This not only increases the sludge resistance on the sampling tube, but also generates a negative pressure extraction force, making it difficult for the staff to pull out the sampling tube, which in turn consumes a lot of time and effort.

[0021] A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes: a driving device 1; a sampling inner shell 2, which is detachably fixedly connected to the driving device 1, and the sampling inner shell 2 is used to store the sludge after sampling; an outer shell 3, which is arranged on the outside of the sampling inner shell 2, and a gap is left between the outer shell 3 and the sampling inner shell 2, and the driving device 1 is detachably fixedly connected with a control shaft 4; a fitting ring 5, which is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2, and the fitting ring 5 is fitted with the outer shell 3 to seal the gap between the outer shell 3 and the sampling inner shell 2; a fixing component, which is arranged on the outer shell 3, and is used to fix the outer shell 3 and the sampling inner shell 2 as a whole; the bottom of the outer shell 3 is provided with circumferentially distributed plug blocks 6, and the edges of the plug blocks 6 are all sharpened to reduce the resistance of the outer shell 3 entering the sludge layer, and the top of the sampling inner shell 2 is provided with a first through hole 7, and the first through hole 7 is used to discharge the water located in the sampling inner shell 2.

[0022] In the above scheme, a vibration motor is arranged inside the driving device 1 to vibrate the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, thereby accelerating the speed at which the outer shell 3 is inserted into the sludge layer. The sampling inner shell 2 is threadedly connected to the bottom of the driving device 1 (not shown in the figure), which is convenient for disassembly and has a stable structure. After the sampling is completed, the sampling inner shell 2 can be quickly replaced to improve the sampling efficiency. The control shaft 4 is composed of several sections of threads, which can be spliced ​​according to different river depths, so as to facilitate the operation of the device by the staff and improve the convenience of operation. In the initial state, the fitting ring 5 fits with the outer shell 3 to seal the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 to prevent sludge from entering the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 during sampling, and the sampling inner shell 2 The top of the gap between the outer shell 3 is connected to the outside world, so as to allow water in the river to enter the gap between the two. The plug blocks 6 distributed circumferentially at the bottom of the outer shell 3 are distributed at equal intervals, so as to speed up the insertion of the outer shell 3 into the sludge layer. The plug blocks 6 are in the shape of isosceles triangles, and the top angles are facing downward, so that the plug blocks 6 can cut off some debris in the sludge layer, such as leaves and branches. The first through hole 7 is used to discharge the water in the sampling inner shell 2 from the first through hole 7 when sampling the sludge. By separating the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, the water flows back to the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 to offset the negative pressure, dilute part of the sludge, reduce the resistance of the outer shell sludge layer, and make it easier for the staff to pull it out by shaking the outer shell 3, thereby improving the efficiency and convenience of sludge sampling.

[0023] Specifically, Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the fixing assembly includes: a first limiting shaft 201, which is slidably connected to the top of the outer shell 3, the first limiting shaft 201 is limitedly matched with the sampling inner shell 2, a first elastic member 202 is arranged between the first limiting shaft 201 and the outer shell 3, and the first limiting shaft 201 is fixedly connected with a pull rope 203.

[0024] In the above scheme, a matching hole is provided at the top of the inner shell 2, so that the first limiting shaft 201 is inserted into the matching hole of the sampling inner shell 2, and the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are fixed as a whole, which is used to make the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 sink synchronously, and the first elastic member 202 is a tension spring, and the first elastic member 202 is used to drive the adjacent first limiting shaft 201 to reset.

[0025] When the staff needs to sample the sludge at the bottom of the river, the staff will dock several control shafts 4 in sequence according to the depth of the detected river, and install them on the top of the driving device 1. Then the staff will place the device in the river channel and gradually sink it to the bottom of the river until the bottom of the outer shell 3 contacts the sludge at the bottom of the river channel, and then stop sinking. Then turn on the driving device 1, so that the driving device 1 drives the outer shell 3 to gradually insert into the sludge layer through the sampling inner shell 2. At this time, as the sampling inner shell 2 gradually penetrates into the sludge layer, the sludge will gradually enter the sampling inner shell 2, and the water in the sampling inner shell 2 will be discharged along the first through hole 7 on the top, until the sampling inner shell 2 penetrates into the sludge layer to the required depth, and then turn off the driving device 1. At this time, the sludge sampling is completed.

[0026] When the sludge sampling is completed, the staff pulls the pull rope 203, and the pull rope 203 is pulled by the tension to pull the first limit shaft 201, and the first limit shaft 201 slides outward along the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3. At the same time, the first elastic member 202 is stretched to release the first limit shaft 201 from limiting the sampling inner shell 2. Then the staff extracts the driving device 1 upward by controlling the shaft 4, so that the driving device 1 drives the sampling inner shell 2 to move upward synchronously. At this time, due to the resistance of the sludge layer, the outer shell 3 cannot move upward, and the sampling inner shell 2 drives the bottom The fitting ring 5 at the bottom moves upward synchronously, causing the fitting ring 5 and the outer shell 3 to slide in an offset manner, thereby separating the two. At this time, the water in the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 enters the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 to dilute the sludge at the bottom, and this continues until the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 at the bottom to fit with the top of the outer shell 3. At this time, the outer shell 3 is filled with water and part of the sludge is diluted, reducing the resistance of the sludge layer to the outer shell 3, making it easier for the staff to pull out the outer shell 3 by shaking it, greatly improving the sampling efficiency and convenience.

[0027] This is done until the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are both taken out to the river surface, and then the staff removes the sampling inner shell 2 and replaces it with a new sampling inner shell 2, and fixes the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 together again to restore to Figure 1 In the state shown, take the next sludge layer sample and repeat the above steps.

[0028] In this embodiment, the connection relationship between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5 is a fixed connection, but it is limited to this embodiment. In other subsequent embodiments, the connection relationship between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5 is a rotational connection. Please refer to the specific description in the subsequent embodiments.

[0029] In a further embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, it also includes: a sealing component, which is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2 and is used to seal the sludge in the sampling inner shell 2. The sealing component includes: a second elastic member 301, which is arranged between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5, and the sampling inner shell 2 is rotatably connected to the fitting ring 5, and the second elastic member 301 is used to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate; a sealing soft ring 302, which is fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell 2 and the fitting ring 5, and the sealing soft ring 302 is used to seal the sampling inner shell 2; a limiting component, which is arranged on the fitting ring 5 and is used to limit the rotation of the fitting ring 5.

[0030] In the above scheme, the second elastic member 301 is an elastic member with torsional elastic force such as a torsion spring and a clockwork spring, and the second elastic member 301 is in a power storage state in the initial state, which is used to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate. The sealing soft ring 302 is a plastic product with high-strength flexibility and toughness. It can be changed into any shape under external force. By rotating the sealing soft ring 302 on one side of the fitting ring 5, the two ends of the sealing soft ring 302 are twisted, so that the middle part of the sealing soft ring 302 is twisted and entangled with each other by the torque, thereby sealing the sludge in the sampling inner shell 2, thereby preventing the sampled sludge in the sampling inner shell 2 from falling into the river channel due to the influence of the water in the river when it is extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river.

[0031] Specifically, Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the limiting assembly includes: a second limiting shaft 303 slidably connected to the fitting ring 5 , the second limiting shaft 303 and the housing 3 are limitedly matched, and a third elastic member 304 is arranged between the second limiting shaft 303 and the fitting ring 5 .

[0032] In the above scheme, the fitting ring 5 is provided with a notch connected to the second limit shaft 303, and the second limit shaft 303 has symmetrically distributed inclined surfaces, so that the second limit shaft 303 is separated from the notch of the fitting ring 5 by force to release the limit, and the third elastic member 304 is a spring, and the third elastic member 304 is used to drive the second limit shaft 303 to reset. By making the second limit shaft 303 located in the notch of the fitting ring 5, the fitting ring 5 is rotationally limited, so that the elastic force accumulated in the second elastic member 301 cannot be triggered during the sinking period.

[0033] After the sampling is completed, when the staff pulls the sampling inner shell 2 upward, the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 to move upward synchronously. At this time, the fitting ring 5 drives the second limiting shafts 303 distributed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction to squeeze the outer shell 3, so that the second limiting shaft 303 slides along the fitting ring 5 under the extrusion force, and the third elastic member 304 is compressed at the same time. When the second limiting shaft 303 is separated from the adjacent notch on the fitting ring 5, the second limiting shaft 303 releases the limit on the fitting ring 5, and the torque accumulated in the second elastic member 301 begins to drive the fitting ring 5 to rotate, and the rotation of the fitting ring 5 drives the sealing soft ring 302 to rotate synchronously. The middle part of the sealing soft ring 302 is twisted to seal the bottom of the sampling inner shell 2, so as to prevent the sampled sludge in the sampling inner shell 2 from falling into the river channel due to the influence of the river water when being extracted upward, resulting in the failure of sampling the sludge at the bottom of the river. This is done until the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are both taken out to the liquid surface of the river channel. When replacing the sampling inner shell 2, the staff fixes the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 as a whole, and twists the second elastic member 301 to accumulate elastic force, and at the same time makes the second limit shaft 303 located in the adjacent notch on the fitting ring 5, and then performs the next sampling, and repeats the above steps.

[0034] In a further embodiment, Figure 2 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, it also includes: an auxiliary separation component, which is arranged on the outer shell 3, and the auxiliary separation component is used to assist the outer shell 3 in separating from the sludge layer. The auxiliary separation component includes: a plurality of extrusion racks 401, which are slidably connected to the outer shell 3, and the plurality of extrusion racks 401 are all extruded and matched with the fitting ring 5, and the extrusion racks 401 are located in the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3, and the extrusion racks 401 are fixedly connected to the expansion plate 402 located outside the outer shell 3, and a fourth elastic member 403 is arranged between the extrusion racks 401 and the outer shell 3; Inclined surfaces are provided at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring 5 to reduce the friction between the fitting ring 5 and the extrusion frame 401; a second through hole 404 is provided on the outside of the outer shell 3, and the expansion plate 402 is sealed and cooperated with the adjacent second through hole 404; the extrusion frame 401 is composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods, the notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods are in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frame 401 are both facing the outer shell 3, so that the fitting ring 5 drives the expansion plate 402 to periodically seal the second through hole 404 through the extrusion frame 401.

[0035] In the above scheme, the extrusion frame 401 is circumferentially evenly spaced inside the outer shell 3, and is used to expand the expansion plate 402 evenly and squeeze the external sludge layer. The expansion plate 402 is an arc-shaped plate, which is convenient for fitting with the outside of the outer shell 3. The fourth elastic member 403 is a spring, and the fourth elastic member 403 is used to drive the extrusion frame 401 to reset. The second through hole 404 is used to allow the water between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 to enter the sludge layer. The second through holes 404 are also circumferentially evenly spaced. The isosceles trapezoidal rods of the extrusion frame 401 facing opposite directions are used to make the fitting ring 5 move upward. When the fitting ring 5 fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the outer shell 3, the expansion plate 402 is separated from the outer wall of the outer shell 3. When the fitting ring 5 fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, the expansion plate 402 fits with the outer wall of the outer shell 3, that is, the second through hole 404 is periodically blocked. The expansion plate 402 periodically expands to form a gap between the outer shell and the sludge layer, thereby reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer. At the same time, the sludge layer is diluted to reduce the force of the sludge on the outer shell 3, thereby reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sampling efficiency of the sludge.

[0036] When the staff pulls the sampling inner shell 2 upward, the sampling inner shell 2 drives the fitting ring 5 to move upward synchronously, until the fitting ring 5 contacts the circumferentially distributed extrusion frame 401, and then the fitting ring 5 continues to move upward. At this time, the fitting ring 5 squeezes the circumferentially distributed extrusion frame 401, so that the extrusion frame 401 slides along the outer shell 3 under the extrusion force, and at the same time the fourth elastic member 403 is compressed. At this time, the circumferentially distributed extrusion frame 401 drives the adjacent expansion plates 402 to slide synchronously, so that the circumferentially distributed expansion plates 402 expand outward, so that the expansion plates 402 are expanded outward. The expansion plate 402 squeezes the sludge layer of the outer shell 3, so that a gap appears between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, thereby reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sludge sampling efficiency. At the same time, the expansion plate 402 releases the blockage of the adjacent second through hole 404 when expanding outward. At this time, the water in the gap between the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 enters the gap between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer along the second through hole 404, so that the water dilutes the sludge, further reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sludge sampling efficiency.

[0037] When the fitting ring 5 moves upward and fits with the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, the fourth elastic members 403 are reset and drive all the expansion plates 402 to reset and block the adjacent second through holes 404. When resetting, the expansion plates 402 will squeeze the water remaining between the outer shell 3 and the expansion plates 402. The water is dispersed by the squeezing force, thereby increasing the dilution area of ​​the sludge layer, reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell 3 again, and improving the sludge sampling efficiency. In this way, when the fitting ring 5 is separated from the isosceles trapezoidal rod with the notch facing the sampling inner shell 2, the fourth elastic member 403 is compressed again, causing the expansion plates 402 to expand again. This cycle continues, and a gap is formed between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer through the periodic expansion of the expansion plates 402, thereby reducing the contact area between the outer shell 3 and the sludge layer, and at the same time diluting the sludge layer to reduce the force of the sludge on the outer shell 3, thereby reducing the pull-out resistance of the outer shell 3 and improving the sludge sampling efficiency.

[0038] This continues until the sampling inner shell 2 moves upward to the top of the outer shell 3. At this time, the circumferentially distributed fourth elastic member 403 is reset and drives the expansion plate 402 to fit the outer wall of the outer shell 3, making it easier to pull out the outer shell 3. This continues until the sampling inner shell 2 and the outer shell 3 are both taken out to the liquid surface of the river. After replacing the sampling inner shell 2, the above steps are repeated when sampling the sludge again.

[0039] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management, characterized in that it includes: A driving device (1); A sampling inner shell (2) is detachably fixedly connected to the driving device (1), and the sampling inner shell (2) is used to store the sampled sludge; The outer shell (3) is arranged outside the sampling inner shell (2), and a gap is left between the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2), and the driving device (1) is detachably fixedly connected to the control shaft (4); A fitting ring (5) is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell (2), the fitting ring (5) is fitted with the outer shell (3) and is used to block the gap between the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2); A fixing component is arranged on the outer shell (3) and is used to fix the outer shell (3) and the sampling inner shell (2) into one body.

2. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the outer shell (3) is provided with circumferentially distributed plug blocks (6), and the edges of the plug blocks (6) are all sharpened to reduce the resistance of the outer shell (3) entering the sludge layer.

3. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first through hole (7) is provided at the top of the sampling inner shell (2), and the first through hole (7) is used to discharge water in the sampling inner shell (2).

4. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fixing assembly comprises: A first limiting shaft (201) is slidably connected to the top of the outer shell (3); the first limiting shaft (201) is limitedly matched with the sampling inner shell (2); a first elastic member (202) is provided between the first limiting shaft (201) and the outer shell (3); and a pull rope (203) is fixedly connected to the first limiting shaft (201).

5. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also included are: A plugging component is arranged at the bottom of the sampling inner shell (2) and is used to plug the sludge in the sampling inner shell (2). The plugging component comprises: A second elastic member (301) is disposed between the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5); the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5) are rotatably connected, and the second elastic member (301) is used to drive the fitting ring (5) to rotate; A plugging soft ring (302) is fixedly connected between the sampling inner shell (2) and the fitting ring (5), and the plugging soft ring (302) is used to plug the sampling inner shell (2); A limiting assembly is arranged on the fitting ring (5) and is used to limit the rotation of the fitting ring (5).

6. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 5, characterized in that: The limit assembly includes: The second limiting shaft (303) is slidably connected to the fitting ring (5), the second limiting shaft (303) and the housing (3) are limitedly matched, and a third elastic member (304) is provided between the second limiting shaft (303) and the fitting ring (5).

7. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also included are: An auxiliary separation component is arranged on the outer shell (3), and is used to assist in separating the outer shell (3) from the sludge layer. The auxiliary separation component comprises: A plurality of extrusion racks (401) are slidably connected to the outer shell (3); the plurality of extrusion racks (401) are all extrusion-matched with the fitting ring (5); the extrusion racks (401) are located in a gap between the sampling inner shell (2) and the outer shell (3); the extrusion racks (401) are fixedly connected to an expansion plate (402) located outside the outer shell (3); and a fourth elastic member (403) is provided between the extrusion racks (401) and the outer shell (3).

8. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 7, characterized in that: Inclined surfaces are provided at the edges of the upper and lower planes of the fitting ring (5) to reduce the friction between the fitting ring (5) and the extrusion frame (401).

9. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 7, characterized in that: A second through hole (404) is provided on the outside of the housing (3), and the expansion plate (402) is sealed and matched with an adjacent second through hole (404).

10. A portable riverbed sludge sampling device for water environment management according to claim 8, characterized in that: The extrusion frame (401) is composed of a plurality of isosceles trapezoidal rods spliced ​​together, the notches of adjacent isosceles trapezoidal rods are oriented in opposite directions, and the notches of the isosceles trapezoidal rods at both ends of the extrusion frame (401) are oriented toward the outer shell (3), so that the fitting ring (5) drives the expansion plate (402) through the extrusion frame (401) to periodically block the second through hole (404).

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