Rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device and test method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mass mechanical tests, and particularly discloses a rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device and a test method. Comprising a normal shear plate type displacement sensor, a normal pressure head, an integrated shear box, a shear box tray, an X-direction anti-friction rolling row, a Y-direction anti-friction rolling row, a Z-direction counter-force anti-friction rolling row, a power loading module, a loading base plate and a horizontal counter-force assembly, the normal shear plate type displacement sensor is connected with the normal pressure head through the normal dynamic cylinder standby cap, the ball head compression plate and the positioning pin; and the normal shear plate type displacement sensor is used for measuring the normal loading displacement of the oil cylinder. According to the method, the direct shear integration function can be achieved, and therefore direct shear tests can be carried out on rock masses and structural plane samples of different sizes to research the size effect in actual engineering; the friction-reducing rolling rows are arranged at the top, the side surface and the bottom of the upper shear box, so that the friction of each contact part of the shear box can be reduced, and the credibility of a test result is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rock and soil mechanics testing, and in particular to a rock mass and structural surface integrated testing shear box matching device and a testing method. Background Art

[0002] There are a large number of joints and fissures in natural rock mass, which will reduce the shear strength of the rock mass, making the shear resistance and stability of the jointed rock mass weaker than those of intact rock. In actual engineering, the strength of the rock mass is crucial to engineering safety, especially in the southwestern mountainous areas of my country where strong earthquakes frequently occur. The rock mass is subjected to external forces such as earthquakes, which becomes one of the important causes of rock mass structural instability.

[0003] Direct shear test is one of the most commonly used methods to study the dynamic shear strength and deformation characteristics of rock mass and structural surface. Since the fractured rock mass itself has obvious size effect, the size effect of direct shear test is also called scale effect or proportional effect, which refers to the phenomenon that a certain characteristic of an object changes with the size of the research object. For the study of this type of problem, the development of a shear box matching device that matches the shear equipment is the key. The introduction of an integrated shear box simplifies the operation process of the test, but also increases the difficulty of realizing multi-directional dynamic loading under earthquake conditions. Existing shear boxes usually have large friction between the upper and lower shear boxes when the specimen contacts the shear box wall; shear boxes of different sizes are pieced together to form a gap; the specimen will collide with the shear box during movement; the specimen in the shear box has obvious uneven stress distribution near the upper and lower contact surfaces during the shearing process, resulting in the normal loading plate tilting, thereby affecting the accuracy of the test results. Due to the limitations of current technology, the study of the size effect of fractured rock mass under complex seismic loads is still incomplete, the relevant shear box equipment is relatively small, and it is difficult to achieve integrated shearing. In particular, the experimental research on the size effect of rock mass and structural surface under three-dimensional dynamic conditions is still blank, which is difficult to guide engineering practice.

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing integrated shear box, there is a large friction between the upper and lower shear boxes when the specimen contacts the shear box wall; there is a gap when shear boxes of different sizes are pieced together; the specimen will collide with the shear box during movement; the specimen in the shear box has obvious uneven stress distribution near the upper and lower contact surfaces during the shearing process, resulting in the normal loading plate to warp. These shortcomings will eventually lead to inaccurate test results. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box supporting device and test method that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a shear box supporting device and a test method for an integrated test of rock mass and structural surface, which adds functions to prevent the specimen from colliding with the shear box and the normal loading plate and causing warping during movement. It is of great significance for accurately obtaining the shear mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and for evaluating the engineering stability under complex seismic loads, and solves the problems mentioned in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box supporting device, including a normal shear plate displacement sensor, a normal pressure head, an integrated shear box, a shear box tray, an X-axis friction reduction rolling row, a Y-axis friction reduction rolling row, a Z-axis reaction friction reduction rolling row, a dynamic loading module, a loading pad, and a horizontal reaction force assembly; the normal shear plate displacement sensor is connected to the normal pressure head through a normal dynamic cylinder cap, a ball head compression plate, and a positioning pin. The normal shear plate displacement sensor is used to measure the displacement of the normal loading of the oil cylinder.

[0007] Preferably, the normal shear plate type displacement sensor is directly connected to the normal pressure head, and is tightly connected to the normal pressure head through a normal dynamic cylinder cap, a ball head compression plate and a positioning pin which are arranged in sequence.

[0008] Preferably, the normal pressure head is located at the top of the integrated shear box, and the integrated shear box includes an integrated upper shear box and an integrated lower shear box; blocks are arranged on both sides of the integrated lower shear box to prevent the shear box from falling due to excessive displacement, the X-axis anti-friction rolling block is located at the bottom of the integrated lower shear box, the Y-axis anti-friction rolling block is located at the top of the integrated upper shear box, and the Z-axis reaction force anti-friction rolling block is located on both sides of the normal pressure head.

[0009] Preferably, the power loading module includes an X-direction loading power cylinder, a Y-direction loading power cylinder, an X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap and a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap, and the loading pad includes an X-direction loading pad and a friction reduction pad;

[0010] The X-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap, and the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap transfers the shear force to the X-direction loading pad, and transfers the force to the integrated lower shear box through the pad; the Y-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap, and the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap transfers the shear force to the Y-direction loading pad, and transfers the force to the integrated upper shear box through the pad; the anti-friction pad is close to one side of the Y-direction anti-friction rolling row, and is used to reduce the gap between the integrated upper shear box and the directly force-bearing frame.

[0011] Preferably, the device also includes a horizontal anti-tilt device and a gap adjustment screw. The number of the horizontal anti-tilt devices is 2, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the back of the integrated shear box, and the gap adjustment screw is located on one side of the integrated upper shear box; the horizontal anti-tilt device is composed of a horizontal anti-tilt friction reducing roller, a horizontal anti-tilt fixing plate, and a horizontal anti-tilt trapezoidal force-bearing plate, and is fixed on the shear box tray through fixing screw holes.

[0012] Preferably, the integrated upper shear box consists of a first shear box, a second upper shear box, a third upper shear box, and a fourth upper shear box; the integrated lower shear box consists of a first lower shear box, a second lower shear box, a third lower shear box, and a fourth lower shear box.

[0013] Preferably, the size of the first upper shear box is 300 mm×300 mm, the size of the second upper shear box is 200 mm×200 mm, the size of the third upper shear box is 150 mm×150 mm, and the size of the fourth upper shear box is 100 mm×100 mm;

[0014] The size of the first lower shear box is 100mm×100mm, the size of the second lower shear box is 150mm×150mm, the size of the third lower shear box is 200mm×200mm, and the size of the fourth lower shear box is 300mm×300mm.

[0015] Preferably, the X-direction horizontal reaction force assembly comprises a first horizontal reaction force column, a first horizontal reaction force column connecting flange, a second horizontal reaction force column connecting flange, a second horizontal reaction force column, a hydraulic buffer and a vertical friction reducing roller;

[0016] The first horizontal reaction column is arranged on the right side of the normal pressure head, and the first horizontal reaction column is fixed to the main frame of the shearing device through the first horizontal reaction column connecting flange; the second horizontal reaction column is arranged on the left side of the normal pressure head, and is connected to the second horizontal reaction column connecting flange;

[0017] Preferably, the Y-direction horizontal reaction force assembly includes a shear tray, and the shear tray is located at the bottom of the integrated lower shear box.

[0018] When performing X-direction cyclic shearing, the horizontal reaction force assembly limits the integrated upper shear box from moving in the X direction due to the friction reaction force. The anti-friction rollers of the vertical anti-friction roller row ensure that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion. The hydraulic buffer supports the anti-friction rollers to prevent them from falling due to gravity when not subject to reaction force and being unable to move effectively.

[0019] When performing Y-direction cyclic shearing, the Y-direction reaction force limiter limits the integrated lower shear box from moving in the Y direction due to the friction reaction force, and the friction-reducing needle roller ensures that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion.

[0020] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides the following technical solution: a test method for a shear box supporting device for integrated testing of rock mass and structural surface, comprising the following steps:

[0021] S1. Assemble the integrated lower shear box and the integrated upper shear box one by one in the order of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm, 200mm×200mm, and 300mm×300mm from small to large;

[0022] S2. Place the X-axis anti-friction and anti-rolling row in the shear box tray, and then use the gantry crane to place the integrated lower shear box on the X-axis anti-friction and anti-rolling row;

[0023] S3. Place the specimen of corresponding size in the integrated lower shear box, use the gantry crane to place the integrated upper shear box on the integrated lower shear box, place the Y-axis friction reduction and anti-rolling device on the top of the integrated upper shear box, and check whether the upper and lower shear boxes are aligned;

[0024] S4, fixing the horizontal anti-tilt device on the shear box pallet, and activating the transport device to transport the integrated shear box to a position where normal loading is fixed;

[0025] S5. Adjust the gap adjustment screw located on one side of the integrated upper shear box to eliminate the gap between the upper and lower shear boxes;

[0026] S6, applying a normal load to press the normal pressure head on the Y-direction friction reducing roller, and then applying X-direction and Y-direction shear loads simultaneously through the X-direction loading cylinder and the Y-direction loading cylinder;

[0027] S7. Repeat steps S3-S6 according to different sizes to complete the test.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the method of the present invention can realize the integrated direct shear function, thereby realizing direct shear tests on rock and structural surface samples of different sizes to study the size effect in actual engineering; (2) by placing friction-reducing rollers on the top, sides and bottom of the upper shear box, the friction of the contact parts of the shear box can be reduced, thereby improving the credibility of the test results; (3) by adding anti-tilt devices and gap-eliminating measures, the gaps caused by the contact of shear boxes of different sizes and the tilt caused by uneven stress distribution during the shearing process can be eliminated, thereby eliminating errors such as shear displacement and shear strength; (4) by applying loads in any direction, the directional effect under dynamic load can be studied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shear box matching device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 (a) is a front view of the shear box device; (b) is a left view of the shear box device; (c) is a top view of the shear box device; (d) is a cross-sectional view of the shear box device

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a horizontal anti-tilt device;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical friction reduction structure;

[0033] In the figure, 1-normal shear plate displacement sensor; 2-normal dynamic cylinder spare cap; 3-ball head compression plate; 4-normal pressure head; 5-first horizontal reaction column; 6-first horizontal reaction column connecting flange; 7-horizontal anti-tilt device; 8-X-direction loading pad; 9-X-direction loading reaction cap; 10-X-direction anti-friction rolling row; 11-stopper; 12-shear box tray; 13-integrated lower shear box; 14-integrated upper shear box; 15-gap adjustment screw; 16-Y-direction loading reaction cap; 17-Y-direction anti-friction rolling row; 18-second horizontal reaction column connecting flange; 19-Y-direction anti-friction pad Plate; 20-first upper shear box; 21-second upper shear box; 22-third upper shear box; 23-fourth upper shear box; 24-first lower shear box; 25-second lower shear box; 26-third lower shear box; 27-fourth lower shear box; 28-Z-direction reaction force anti-friction roller; 29-upper shear box connection cap; 30-screw; 31-positioning pin; 32-horizontal anti-tilt anti-friction roller; 33-horizontal anti-tilt fixing plate; 34-horizontal anti-tilt trapezoidal force plate; 35-fixing screw hole; 36-oil pressure buffer; 37-second horizontal reaction force column; 38-vertical anti-friction roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] The present invention considers using a two-way three-degree-of-freedom (simultaneous loading along the X-axis and Y-axis) detachable shear box to form a testing device, which can realize multi-directional independent loading in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions in a variety of control modes such as displacement control, force control, deformation control and stiffness control, simulating the real mechanical properties of rock and soil under multi-directional earthquake action.

[0036] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 The present invention provides a technical solution: a rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a normal shear plate displacement sensor 1, a normal pressure head 4, an integrated shear box, a shear box tray 12, an X-axis friction reduction rolling row 10, a Y-axis friction reduction rolling row 17, a Z-axis reaction friction reduction rolling row 28, a power loading module, a loading pad, and a horizontal reaction force assembly; a positioning pin 31 is provided inside the normal shear plate displacement sensor 1 to fix the connection between the normal shear plate displacement sensor 1 and the normal pressure head 4. The normal shear plate displacement sensor 1 is connected to the normal pressure head 4 through the normal dynamic cylinder cap 2, the ball head compression plate 3 and the positioning pin 31, and the normal shear plate displacement sensor 1 is used to measure the displacement of the normal loading of the cylinder.

[0037] Furthermore, the normal shear plate type displacement sensor 1 is directly connected to the normal pressure head 4, and the normal shear plate type displacement sensor 1 is tightly connected to the normal pressure head 4 by the first normal dynamic cylinder cap 2 and the ball head compression plate 3 which are arranged in sequence.

[0038] Furthermore, the normal pressure head 4 is located at the top of the integrated shear box, such as Figure 2 As shown, (a) is the front view of the shear box device; (b) is the left view; (c) is the top view; (d) is the cross-sectional view; the integrated shear box includes an integrated upper shear box 14 and an integrated lower shear box 13; blocks 11 are arranged on both sides of the integrated lower shear box 13 to prevent the shear box from falling due to excessive displacement, the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row 10 is located at the bottom of the integrated lower shear box 13, the Y-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row 17 is located at the top of the integrated upper shear box 14, and the Z-axis reaction force anti-friction rolling resistance row 28 is located on both sides of the normal pressure head 4.

[0039] Further, the power loading module includes an X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 9, a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 16, an X-direction loading power cylinder and a Y-direction loading power cylinder, and the loading pad includes an X-direction loading pad 8, a Y-direction loading pad and a Y-direction anti-friction pad 19;

[0040] Furthermore, the X-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 9, and the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 9 transfers the shear force to the X-direction loading pad 8, and transfers the force to the integrated lower shear box 13 through the pad; the Y-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 16, and the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap 16 transfers the shear force to the Y-direction loading pad, and transfers the force to the integrated upper shear box 14 through the pad. The force transmission component design greatly protects the shear box from the risk of force wear; the anti-friction pad 19 is close to one side of the Y-direction anti-friction roller 17, and is used to reduce the gap between the integrated upper shear box and the directly force-bearing frame.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 3 As shown, the device also includes a horizontal anti-tilt device 7 and a gap adjustment screw 15 for adjusting the gap. The number of the horizontal anti-tilt devices is 2. In order not to affect the position of the reserved acoustic emission hole in the middle, they are respectively arranged on both sides of the back of the integrated shear box, and the gap adjustment screw is located on one side of the integrated upper shear box; the horizontal anti-tilt device 7 is used to prevent the upper shear box from tilting due to uneven force, and is composed of a horizontal anti-tilt friction reduction roller 32 for reducing the friction resistance of shear in the X direction, a horizontal anti-tilt fixing plate 33, and a horizontal anti-tilt trapezoidal force plate 34, and is fixed on the shear box tray 12 through a fixing screw hole 35. The shear box tray 12 is used to carry the X-direction friction reduction roller and the Y-direction reaction force control.

[0042] Furthermore, the integrated upper shear box 14 is composed of a first shear box 20, a second upper shear box 21, a third upper shear box 22, and a fourth upper shear box 23; the integrated lower shear box 13 is composed of a first lower shear box 24, a second lower shear box 25, a third lower shear box 26, and a fourth lower shear box 27. The above shear box is formed by splicing a bottom plate and a side plate, and a tangential force loading pad is fixed to the corresponding position of the shear box.

[0043] Further, the size of the first upper shear box 20 is 300 mm×300 mm, the size of the second upper shear box 21 is 200 mm×200 mm, the size of the third upper shear box 22 is 150 mm×150 mm, and the size of the fourth upper shear box 23 is 100 mm×100 mm;

[0044] Furthermore, the size of the first lower shear box 24 is 100 mm×100 mm, the size of the second lower shear box 25 is 150 mm×150 mm, the size of the third lower shear box 26 is 200 mm×200 mm, and the size of the fourth lower shear box 27 is 300 mm×300 mm.

[0045] Furthermore, the horizontal reaction force assembly includes a first horizontal reaction force column 5, a first horizontal reaction force column connecting flange 6, a second horizontal reaction force column connecting flange 18, a second horizontal reaction force column 37, a hydraulic buffer 36 and a vertical friction reduction roller 38, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown;

[0046] The first horizontal reaction column 5 is arranged on the right side of the normal pressure head 4, and is fixed to the main frame of the shearing device through the first horizontal reaction column connecting flange 6; the second horizontal reaction column 37 is arranged on the left side of the normal pressure head 4, and is connected to the second horizontal reaction column connecting flange 18.

[0047] When performing X-direction cyclic shearing, the horizontal reaction force assembly restricts the integrated upper shear box 14 from moving in the X direction due to the friction reaction force. The anti-friction rollers of the vertical anti-friction roller row 38 ensure that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion. The hydraulic buffer 36 supports the anti-friction rollers to prevent the anti-friction rollers from falling due to gravity when not subject to reaction force and being unable to move effectively.

[0048] When performing Y-direction cyclic shearing, the Y-direction reaction force limiter limits the integrated lower shear box 13 from moving in the Y direction due to the friction reaction force, and the friction-reducing needle roller ensures that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion.

[0049] When the test is carried out by the above device, the test method of the rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Assemble the integrated lower shear box 13 and the integrated upper shear box 14 one by one in the order of 100mm×100mm, 150mm×150mm, 200mm×200mm, and 300mm×300mm from small to large;

[0051] S2, placing the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row 10 in the shear box tray 12, and then using the gantry crane to place the integrated lower shear box 13 on the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row 10;

[0052] S3, place the sample of corresponding size in the integrated lower shear box 13, activate the gantry crane to place the integrated upper shear box 14 on the integrated lower shear box 13, place the Y-axis friction reducing and rolling resistance row 17 on the top of the integrated upper shear box 14, and check whether the upper and lower shear boxes are aligned;

[0053] S4, fix the horizontal anti-tilt device 7 on the shear box tray 12, and activate the transport device to transport the integrated shear box to a normal loading and fixing position;

[0054] S5, adjusting the gap adjustment screw 15 located on one side of the integrated upper shear box 14 to eliminate the gap between the upper and lower shear boxes;

[0055] S6, press the normal pressure head 4 onto the Y-direction friction reducing roller 17 by applying a normal load, and then simultaneously apply X-direction and Y-direction shear loads by the X-direction loading cylinder and the Y-direction loading cylinder;

[0056] S7. Repeat steps S3-S6 according to different sizes to complete the test.

[0057] The present invention can eliminate the gap caused by the contact of shear boxes of different sizes and the tilt caused by uneven stress distribution during the shearing process by adding anti-tilt devices and gap-eliminating measures, thereby eliminating errors such as shear displacement and shear strength. By applying loads in any direction, the directional effect under dynamic load can be studied.

[0058] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a normal shear plate type displacement sensor (1), a normal pressure head (4), an integrated shear box, a shear box tray (12), an X-axis friction reduction roller (10), a Y-axis friction reduction roller (17), a Z-axis reaction force friction reduction roller (28), a dynamic loading module, a loading pad, and a horizontal reaction force component; the normal shear plate type displacement sensor (1) is connected to the normal pressure head (4) via a normal dynamic cylinder spare cap (2), a ball head compression plate (3), and a positioning pin (31); the normal shear plate type displacement sensor (1) is used to measure the displacement of the normal loading of the oil cylinder.

2. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The normal shear plate type displacement sensor (1) is directly connected to the normal pressure head (4), and is tightly connected to the normal pressure head (4) through a normal dynamic cylinder cap (2), a ball head compression plate (3), and a positioning pin (31) which are arranged in sequence.

3. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The normal pressure head (4) is located at the top of the integrated shear box, and the integrated shear box includes an integrated upper shear box (14) and an integrated lower shear box (13); blocks (11) are arranged on both sides of the integrated lower shear box (13) to prevent the shear box from falling due to excessive displacement; the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row (10) is located at the bottom of the integrated lower shear box (13), the Y-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row (17) is located at the top of the integrated upper shear box (14), and the Z-axis reaction force anti-friction rolling resistance row (28) is located on both sides of the normal pressure head (4).

4. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power loading module comprises an X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (9), a Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (16), an X-direction loading power cylinder and a Y-direction loading power cylinder, and the loading pad comprises an X-direction loading pad (8), a Y-direction loading pad and a friction reduction pad (19); The X-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (9), and the X-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (9) transfers the shear force to the X-direction loading pad (8), and transfers the force to the integrated lower shear box (13) through the pad; the Y-direction loading power cylinder applies shear force to the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (16), and the Y-direction loading reaction force preparation cap (16) transfers the shear force to the Y-direction loading pad, and transfers the force to the integrated upper shear box (14) through the pad; the anti-friction pad (19) is close to one side of the Y-direction anti-friction roller (17) and is used to reduce the gap between the integrated upper shear box and the directly loaded frame.

5. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The device also includes a horizontal anti-tilt device (7) and a gap adjustment screw (15). The number of the horizontal anti-tilt devices is two, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the back of the integrated shear box, and the gap adjustment screw is located on one side of the integrated upper shear box. The horizontal anti-tilt device (7) is composed of a horizontal anti-tilt friction reducing roller (32), a horizontal anti-tilt fixing plate (33), and a horizontal anti-tilt trapezoidal force-bearing plate (34), and is fixed on the shear box tray (12) through a fixing screw hole (35).

6. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The integrated upper shear box (14) is composed of a first shear box (20), a second upper shear box (21), a third upper shear box (22), and a fourth upper shear box (23); the integrated lower shear box (13) is composed of a first lower shear box (24), a second lower shear box (25), a third lower shear box (26), and a fourth lower shear box (27).

7. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The size of the first upper shear box (20) is 300 mm×300 mm, the size of the second upper shear box (21) is 200 mm×200 mm, the size of the third upper shear box (22) is 150 mm×150 mm, and the size of the fourth upper shear box (23) is 100 mm×100 mm; The size of the first lower shear box (24) is 100mm×100mm, the size of the second lower shear box (25) is 150mm×150mm, the size of the third lower shear box (26) is 200mm×200mm, and the size of the fourth lower shear box (27) is 300mm×300mm.

8. The rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The horizontal reaction force assembly comprises a first horizontal reaction force column (5), a first horizontal reaction force column connecting flange (6), a second horizontal reaction force column connecting flange (18), a second horizontal reaction force column (37), a hydraulic buffer (36) and a vertical friction reducing roller (38); The first horizontal reaction column (5) is arranged on the right side of the normal pressure head (4), and the first horizontal reaction column (5) is fixed to the main frame of the shearing device through the first horizontal reaction column connecting flange (6); the second horizontal reaction column (37) is arranged on the left side of the normal pressure head (4), and is connected to the second horizontal reaction column connecting flange (18); When performing X-direction cyclic shearing, the horizontal reaction force assembly restricts the integrated upper shear box (14) from moving in the X direction due to the friction reaction force, and the anti-friction rollers of the vertical anti-friction roller row (38) ensure that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion, and the hydraulic buffer (36) supports the anti-friction rollers to prevent the anti-friction rollers from falling due to gravity when not subject to reaction force and being unable to move effectively; When performing Y-direction cyclic shearing, the Y-direction reaction force limiter limits the integrated lower shear box (13) from moving in the Y direction due to the friction reaction force, and the friction-reducing needle roller ensures that the normal pressure head does not generate additional friction to affect its movement when it is affected by shear expansion.

9. A test method for the rock mass and structural surface integrated test shear box matching device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Assemble the integrated lower shear box (13) and the integrated upper shear box (14) one by one in the order of 100 mm×100 mm, 150 mm×150 mm, 200 mm×200 mm, and 300 mm×300 mm from small to large; S2, placing the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row (10) in the shear box tray (12), and then activating the gantry crane to place the integrated lower shear box (13) on the X-axis anti-friction rolling resistance row (10); S3, place a sample of corresponding size in the integrated lower shear box (13), activate the gantry crane to place the integrated upper shear box (14) on the integrated lower shear box (13), place the Y-axis friction reducing and rolling resistance (17) on the top of the integrated upper shear box (14), and check whether the upper and lower shear boxes are aligned; S4, fixing the horizontal anti-tilt device (7) on the shear box tray (12), and activating the transport device to transport the integrated shear box to a position where normal loading is fixed; S5, adjusting the gap adjustment screw (15) located on one side of the integrated upper shear box (14) to eliminate the gap between the upper and lower shear boxes; S6, applying a normal load to press the normal pressure head (4) onto the Y-direction friction reducing roller (17), and then applying X-direction and Y-direction shear loads simultaneously through the X-direction loading cylinder and the Y-direction loading cylinder; S7. Repeat steps S3-S6 according to different sizes to complete the test.

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