Submersible separated gravity assisted heat pipe testing device and testing method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a submersible separated gravity assisted heat pipe test device and a test method thereof. The submersible separated gravity assisted heat pipe testing device comprises a heat source mechanism, a cooling mechanism and a testing mechanism, the cooling mechanism comprises a seawater tank, a water chilling unit and a seawater circulating pump, the water chilling unit and the seawater circulating pump are communicated with the seawater tank through pipelines, a condenser is located in the seawater tank during testing, and the bottom end face of the seawater tank is located above the top face of an evaporator; the heat source mechanism comprises a fresh water pump, a fresh water tank and a first heating device which are communicated with the evaporator circulating water channel through pipelines; the testing mechanism comprises a temperature sensor and a flow meter which are installed on pipelines of the heat source mechanism and the cooling mechanism. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe testing device can simulate the real boat installation state of the separated gravity heat pipe and the seawater incident flow environment around the outboard condensation end, and can be used for carrying out land rack bottoming tests such as a submarine separated gravity heat pipe variable working condition performance test and a starting characteristic test; therefore, the design and installation of the submersible separated gravity assisted heat pipe can be conveniently guided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of design of auxiliary equipment for submarines, and in particular to a submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device and a test method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The separated gravity heat pipe is a heat exchange device driven by the pressure difference of the working fluid phase change and the gravity of the working fluid. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe places the evaporation end inside the cabin and the condensation end outside the cabin. The seawater headstream outside the ship can flush the heat exchange pipe at the condensation end to achieve "passive" cooling of the heat load in the cabin. The water temperature and headstream velocity of the cold seawater outside the ship are greatly affected by the navigation conditions of the boat, and often determine the variable operating performance of the separated gravity heat pipe. In addition, the installation factors such as the height difference between the cold and hot ends of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe, the working fluid filling amount, and the pipeline layout will also affect its heat exchange capacity. If it is not fully verified by onshore tests, it will bring greater technical and engineering risks to the boat directly.

[0003] Based on the above background, it is necessary to construct a potential separated gravity heat pipe test device and method. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a potential separation type gravity heat pipe test device and a test method thereof, aiming to achieve performance testing of the separation type gravity heat pipe.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention proposes a potential separation type gravity heat pipe test device, comprising a heat source mechanism for heating the evaporator of the gravity heat pipe, a cooling mechanism for cooling the condenser of the gravity heat pipe, and a testing mechanism, wherein: The cooling mechanism includes a seawater tank for containing seawater, and a chiller and a seawater circulation pump connected thereto through a pipeline. During the test of the condenser, the condenser is located inside the seawater tank, and the bottom end surface of the seawater tank is located above the top surface of the evaporator. The heat source mechanism includes a fresh water pump, a fresh water tank and a first heating device connected to the evaporator circulating water channel through a pipeline; The testing mechanism comprises a temperature sensor and a flow meter installed on pipelines of a heat source mechanism and a cooling mechanism.

[0006] Preferably, the cooling mechanism further comprises a flow equalizing pipe located inside the seawater tank for uniforming the flow rate of seawater.

[0007] Preferably, both the internal water inlet and the water outlet of the seawater tank are fixedly connected with flow equalizing pipes.

[0008] Preferably, the flow equalizing pipe comprises a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, the side walls of the branch pipes are evenly distributed with a plurality of water outlet holes in the height direction, and the main pipe is sealedly connected to the inlet or outlet at the bottom of the seawater tank.

[0009] Preferably, the cooling mechanism further comprises a second heating device located on the pipeline between the chiller and the seawater tank.

[0010] Preferably, both the first heating device and the second heating device are electric heating devices.

[0011] Preferably, the testing mechanism includes a first temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the inlet of the evaporator circulating water channel, a second temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the outlet of the evaporator circulating water channel, a first flow meter installed on the pipe between the fresh water tank and the evaporator, a third temperature sensor installed on the pipe on the inlet side of the seawater tank, a fourth temperature sensor installed on the outlet side of the seawater tank, a second flow meter installed on the outlet pipe of the seawater tank, and a flow meter installed inside the seawater tank.

[0012] Preferably, the testing mechanism also includes a fifth temperature sensor and a sixth temperature sensor for measuring the top temperature and the bottom temperature of the evaporator, and a seventh temperature sensor located on the internal pipe of the gravity heat pipe for measuring the evaporator outlet temperature, an eighth temperature sensor for measuring the evaporator inlet temperature, a ninth temperature sensor for measuring the condenser inlet temperature and a tenth temperature sensor for measuring the condenser outlet temperature.

[0013] The present invention further proposes a test method based on the above-mentioned latent separation gravity heat pipe test device, which includes the following steps when conducting a heat transfer performance test: Start the cooling mechanism, adjust the power of the chiller and the flow rate of the seawater pump, so that the water temperature and flow rate of the cooling system change to simulate different upstream flow environments; The heat source mechanism is started, and the flow rate of the fresh water pump and the power of the first heating device are adjusted so that the fresh water flow rate and the heat load are adjusted to adjust the test working conditions. The heat pipe is automatically started to work under the drive of the temperature difference between the cooling mechanism and the heat source mechanism; When the fresh water outlet temperature changes less than the first preset value within ten minutes, the heat pipe reaches a stable working state, and the parameters of each measuring point are recorded at this time; The rated heat exchange, the heat transfer coefficient on the fresh water side and the heat transfer coefficient on the sea water side are calculated according to the parameters of each measuring point.

[0014] Preferably, the starting characteristic test includes the following steps: Start the fresh water pump of the heat source mechanism and the sea water pump of the cooling mechanism at the same ambient temperature, and confirm that the temperature difference between the fresh water temperature T1 and the sea water temperature T3 is less than a second preset value; Turn on the first heating device of the heat source mechanism and record the performance parameters of the separated gravity heat pipe from startup to stable operation; The starting characteristic curve is obtained according to the performance parameters.

[0015] The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device proposed by the present invention can simulate the installation state of the separated gravity heat pipe on a real boat and the seawater headflow environment around the outboard condensing end, and can be used to carry out onshore bench tests such as variable operating performance test and startup characteristic test of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe. The test results are used to evaluate the application effect of the separated gravity heat pipe on the boat, so as to facilitate the design and installation of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe. In addition, the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device also has the advantages of simple structure, easy implementation, low manufacturing cost, and simple and convenient test process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flow-equalizing tube in the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device of the present invention; Figure 4 The heat transfer performance diagram of variable working conditions obtained by the test method of the latent separation gravity heat pipe test device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a startup characteristic curve diagram obtained by the test method of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure, 1-evaporator, 2-condenser, 3-working medium steam pipeline, 4-working medium condensate pipeline, 5-fresh water pump, 6-fresh water tank, 7-first heating device, 8-first flow meter, 9-chilled water unit, 10-second heating device, 11-seawater circulation pump, 12-second flow meter, 13-seawater tank, 14-flow equalizing pipe, 15-main pipeline, 16-water outlet.

[0018] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0021] The invention provides a submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 3 In this preferred embodiment, a latent separation gravity heat pipe test device includes a heat source mechanism for heating the evaporator 1 of the gravity heat pipe, a cooling mechanism for cooling the condenser 2 of the gravity heat pipe, and a testing mechanism, wherein: The cooling mechanism includes a seawater tank 13 for containing seawater, and a chiller 9 and a seawater circulation pump 11 connected thereto through a pipeline. The condenser 2 is located inside the seawater tank 13 during testing, and the bottom end surface of the seawater tank 13 is located above the top surface of the evaporator 1. The heat source mechanism includes a fresh water pump 5, a fresh water tank 6 and a first heating device 7 which are connected to the circulating water channel of the evaporator 1 through a pipeline; The test mechanism includes a temperature sensor and a flow meter installed on pipelines of a heat source mechanism and a cooling mechanism.

[0023] Reference Figure 1 The separated gravity heat pipe is mainly composed of an evaporator 1, a condenser 2, a working medium steam pipeline 3, and a working medium condensate pipeline 4. The cross-sectional area of ​​the seawater tank 13 should be considered to reduce the boundary layer effect and minimize the flow rate of the seawater pump group.

[0024] Reference Figure 2 , the seawater tank 13 can be installed above the evaporator 1 through a stand. The installation height of the stand can be adjusted, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the height difference between the condenser 2 and the condenser 2 of the separated gravity heat pipe. The test stand adopts a double-layer frame structure, such as Figure 2 As shown, the upper layer is arranged with a separate gravity heat pipe condenser 2 and a high-mounted water tank 13, and the lower layer is arranged with an evaporator 1, a fresh water tank 6, a first heating device 7, a flow meter 8, a chiller 9 and other main equipment and pipelines; the condenser 2 is installed in the high-mounted water tank 13.

[0025] Furthermore, the cooling mechanism also includes a flow balancing tube 14 for uniform seawater flow rate located inside the seawater tank 13. By setting the flow balancing tube 14, different uniform flow environments of seawater can be simulated, and the internal water inlet and outlet sides of the seawater tank 13 are fixedly connected with the flow balancing tube 14.

[0026] Combined with reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 This embodiment proposes a specific structure of a flow equalizing pipe 14: the flow equalizing pipe 14 includes a main pipe 15 and multiple branch pipes connected to the main pipe 15, and the side walls of the branch pipes are evenly distributed with multiple water outlet holes 16 in the height direction. The main pipe 15 is sealed and connected to the inlet or outlet at the bottom of the seawater tank 13.

[0027] Furthermore, the cooling mechanism further includes a second heating device 10 located on the pipeline between the chiller 9 and the seawater tank 13. In this embodiment, both the first heating device 7 and the second heating device 10 are electric heating devices, so that the heating power can be easily controlled. Sometimes the cooling power is too large, resulting in too low seawater temperature. At this time, the temperature of the seawater in the seawater tank 13 is adjusted by the second heating device 10.

[0028] Specifically, in this embodiment, the testing mechanism includes a first temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the inlet of the circulating water channel of the evaporator 1 (the measured temperature is T1), a second temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the outlet of the circulating water channel of the evaporator 1 (the measured temperature is T2), a first flow meter 8 installed on the pipe between the fresh water tank 6 and the evaporator 1 (the measured flow rate is Ge), a third temperature sensor installed on the pipe on the inlet side of the seawater tank 13 (the measured temperature is T3), a fourth temperature sensor installed on the outlet side of the seawater tank 13 (the measured temperature is T4), a second flow meter 12 installed on the outlet pipe of the seawater tank 13 (the measured flow rate is Gc), and a flow meter installed inside the seawater tank 13 (the measured flow rate is v).

[0029] The test mechanism also includes a fifth temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T5) and a sixth temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T6) for measuring the top temperature and bottom temperature of the evaporator 1, and a seventh temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T7) located on the internal pipeline of the gravity heat pipe for measuring the outlet temperature of the evaporator 1, an eighth temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T8) for measuring the inlet temperature of the evaporator 1, a ninth temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T9) for measuring the inlet temperature of the condenser 2, and a tenth temperature sensor (the measured temperature is T10) for measuring the outlet temperature of the condenser 2. 10 In addition, the test mechanism also includes a controller electrically connected to all temperature sensors, flow meters and flow rate meters, and the controller collects and stores real-time data of multiple parameters for calculation.

[0030] Before the test, the installation height of the evaporation end of the heat pipe in the lower layer of the test bench and the direction of the working fluid pipeline can be adjusted to simulate the installation state of the separated gravity heat pipe on a real boat. During the test, the cooling system is first started, and different upstream flow environments can be simulated by changing the water temperature and flow rate of the cooling system. Then, the heat source system is started, and the fresh water flow rate and heat load are adjusted to the test conditions. When the characteristic temperature of the heat pipe is T2~T 10 If the change is less than 1°C within 30 minutes, the heat pipe is considered to have reached a stable working state and measurement can be started.

[0031] The heat transfer is calculated according to formula (1): Q = Ge × cp (T2-T1) (1) In the formula: Q is the total heat exchange capacity of the system, kW; Ge is the mass flow rate of fresh water, kg / s; cp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure, J / (kg·℃); T2 is the fresh water inlet temperature, unit ℃; T1 is the fresh water outlet temperature, unit ℃.

[0032] The heat transfer coefficient on the fresh water side is calculated according to formula (2) and (3): (2) Q e =Q-Q1. (3) Where: he-heat transfer coefficient on fresh water side; - Inner surface area of ​​heat exchange tube of evaporator 1, m 2 ; - Average temperature outside the heat exchange tube of evaporator 1, °C; -Heat pipe operating temperature, °C; -Heat transfer of fresh water lateral heat pipe working medium, kW; Q1-heat leakage at the evaporation end, kW.

[0033] The heat transfer coefficient on the seawater side is calculated according to formulas (4) and (5): , (4) Q c =Q-Q2. (5) Where: h c -Heat transfer coefficient on the seawater side; Ac-inner surface area of ​​the heat exchange tube of condenser 2, m 2 ; T wc - Average temperature outside the heat exchange tube of condenser 2, °C; Q c -Heat transfer from the working fluid of the heat pipe to the seawater side, kW; Q2-Heat leakage from the working fluid pipeline and the condensation end, kW.

[0034] The heat leakage is calculated according to the following formula: (6) Where: -Heat leakage at the evaporation end or condensation end, kW; -Heat leakage coefficient, W / m 2 ℃; -Surface area of ​​each heat leakage part, m 2 ; -Temperature difference between the outer surface of each heat leakage part and the environment, ℃.

[0035] Among them, T v , T we and T wc The calculation is done using the following formula: T v =(T5+T6+T7+T8+T9+T 10 ) / 6, (7) T we = (T1 + T2) / 2, (8) T wc = (T3 + T4) / 2. (9) The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device proposed in this embodiment can simulate the installation state of the separated gravity heat pipe on a real boat and the seawater headflow environment around the outboard condensing end, and can be used to carry out onshore bench tests such as variable operating performance test and startup characteristic test of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe. The test results are used to evaluate the application effect of the separated gravity heat pipe on the boat, so as to facilitate the design and installation of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe. In addition, the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device also has the advantages of simple structure, easy implementation, low manufacturing cost, and simple and convenient test process.

[0036] The invention provides a test method for a submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device.

[0037] In this preferred embodiment, a test method based on the above-mentioned latent separation gravity heat pipe test device, when conducting a heat transfer performance test, includes the following steps: Step S1, start the cooling mechanism, adjust the power of the chiller 9 and the flow rate of the seawater pump, so that the water temperature and flow rate of the cooling system change to simulate different upstream flow environments; Step S2, start the heat source mechanism, adjust the flow rate of the fresh water pump 5 and the power of the first heating device 7, adjust the fresh water flow rate and the heat load to adjust the test conditions, and the heat pipe automatically starts working under the temperature difference between the cooling mechanism and the heat source mechanism; Step S3, when the fresh water outlet temperature (T2) changes less than a first preset value (which can be set to 1 degree Celsius) within ten minutes, the heat pipe reaches a stable working state, and at this time, the parameters of each measuring point are recorded; Step S4, calculating the rated heat transfer capacity, the heat transfer coefficient on the fresh water side and the heat transfer coefficient on the sea water side according to the parameters of each measuring point.

[0038] By changing the power of different chillers 9 and the flow rate of the seawater pump, the water temperature and flow rate of the cooling system are changed to simulate different upstream flow environments, thereby obtaining the variable working condition heat transfer performance of the separated gravity heat pipe, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0039] Rated operating conditions refer to cooling water inlet temperature of 24℃±1℃ and cooling water flow rate of about 0.1m / s.

[0040] Specifically, the test method of the submersible separated gravity heat pipe test device includes the following steps when conducting a start-up characteristic test: Step S10, start the fresh water pump 5 of the heat source mechanism and the sea water pump of the cooling mechanism at the same ambient temperature, and confirm that the temperature difference between the fresh water temperature T1 and the sea water temperature T3 is less than a second preset value (which can be set to 1 degree Celsius); Step S20, starting the first heating device 7 of the heat source mechanism, and recording the performance parameters of the separate gravity heat pipe from startup to stable operation; Step S30, obtaining a startup characteristic curve according to the performance parameters.

[0041] The starting characteristic curve obtained by the above method is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0042] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heat source mechanism for heating the evaporator of the gravity heat pipe, a cooling mechanism for cooling the condenser of the gravity heat pipe and a testing mechanism, wherein: The cooling mechanism includes a seawater tank for containing seawater, and a chiller and a seawater circulation pump connected thereto through a pipeline. During the test of the condenser, the condenser is located inside the seawater tank, and the bottom end surface of the seawater tank is located above the top surface of the evaporator. The heat source mechanism includes a fresh water pump, a fresh water tank and a first heating device connected to the evaporator circulating water channel through a pipeline; The testing mechanism comprises a temperature sensor and a flow meter installed on pipelines of a heat source mechanism and a cooling mechanism.

2. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism also includes a flow equalizing pipe located inside the seawater tank and used for uniform seawater flow rate.

3. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner water inlet and outlet sides of the seawater tank are both fixedly connected with flow equalizing pipes.

4. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow equalizing pipe comprises a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes connected with the main pipe, the side walls of the branch pipes are evenly distributed with a plurality of water outlet holes in the height direction, and the main pipe is sealedly connected with the inlet or outlet at the bottom of the seawater tank.

5. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism also includes a second heating device located on the pipeline between the chiller and the seawater tank.

6. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first heating device and the second heating device are both electric heating devices.

7. The submersible separated gravity heat pipe test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The testing mechanism includes a first temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the inlet of the evaporator circulating water channel, a second temperature sensor installed on the pipe at the outlet of the evaporator circulating water channel, a first flow meter installed on the pipe between the fresh water tank and the evaporator, a third temperature sensor installed on the pipe on the inlet side of the seawater tank, a fourth temperature sensor installed on the outlet side of the seawater tank, a second flow meter installed on the outlet pipe of the seawater tank, and a flow meter installed inside the seawater tank.

8. The submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The testing mechanism also includes a fifth temperature sensor and a sixth temperature sensor for measuring the top temperature and the bottom temperature of the evaporator, and a seventh temperature sensor located on the internal pipe of the gravity heat pipe for measuring the evaporator outlet temperature, an eighth temperature sensor for measuring the evaporator inlet temperature, a ninth temperature sensor for measuring the condenser inlet temperature, and a tenth temperature sensor for measuring the condenser outlet temperature.

9. A test method based on the submersible separated gravity heat pipe test device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: When conducting a heat transfer performance test, the following steps are included: Start the cooling mechanism, adjust the power of the chiller and the flow rate of the seawater pump, so that the water temperature and flow rate of the cooling system change to simulate different upstream flow environments; The heat source mechanism is started, and the flow rate of the fresh water pump and the power of the first heating device are adjusted so that the fresh water flow rate and the heat load are adjusted to adjust the test working conditions. The heat pipe is automatically started to work under the drive of the temperature difference between the cooling mechanism and the heat source mechanism; When the fresh water outlet temperature changes less than the first preset value within ten minutes, the heat pipe reaches a stable working state, and the parameters of each measuring point are recorded at this time; The rated heat exchange, the heat transfer coefficient on the fresh water side and the heat transfer coefficient on the sea water side are calculated according to the parameters of each measuring point.

10. The test method of the submarine separated gravity heat pipe test device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The starting characteristics test includes the following steps: Start the fresh water pump of the heat source mechanism and the sea water pump of the cooling mechanism at the same ambient temperature, and confirm that the temperature difference between the fresh water temperature and the sea water temperature is less than a second preset value; Turn on the first heating device of the heat source mechanism and record the performance parameters of the separated gravity heat pipe from startup to stable operation; The starting characteristic curve is obtained according to the performance parameters.

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