Hydraulic liftable test device and test method for simulating landslide erosion carrying effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic liftable test device and test method for simulating a landslide erosion carrying effect, the hydraulic liftable test device comprises an upstream river channel and a downstream river channel, an upstream landslide of the upstream river channel is provided with a landslide release device, the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel is provided with an upstream dam body, the interior of the upstream river channel contains water, and an upstream deposition layer is arranged at the water bottom; the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel is adjacent to the downstream river channel, the interior of the downstream river channel does not contain water, a downstream deposition layer is arranged at the bottom of the river channel, and data acquisition devices are arranged on the upstream river channel, the downstream river channel and the upstream dam body. The method has the beneficial effects that the erosion carrying form and volume of the landslide in the upstream riverway can be determined through a test, and the conditions of the overtopping of the landslide and the erosion effect on the downstream riverway can be determined; the research on the landslide erosion and the carried volume not only helps to improve the efficiency and the effect of disaster risk management, but also has important significance on ecological environment protection, reasonable resource utilization and scientific research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster prevention and mitigation, and relates to a hydraulic liftable test device and a test method for simulating landslide erosion carrying effect. Background Art

[0002] The velocity of the over-dam landslide changes through four stages: horizontal acceleration → bottoming deceleration → surge splash acceleration → wave deceleration. With the change of landslide severity, dam height and scale, the velocity along the way changes. The smaller the severity, the larger the dam height and scale, the greater the velocity along the way, and the larger the volume carried by erosion. Erosion along the way will increase the movement volume of the landslide, thereby significantly affecting the dynamic process of the landslide, making it more harmful and more destructive.

[0003] The huge energy and debris released by landslides over dams pose a threat to people in the surrounding areas, easily leading to casualties and life-threatening situations. The violent impact and destructive debris it brings may damage or destroy roads, houses, bridges and other buildings, causing serious damage to infrastructure and towns. The silt and harmful chemicals contained in landslides will pollute water sources, affect the drinking water safety of surrounding areas, cause environmental pollution and damage the ecosystem. The various damages and disasters caused by landslides will cause huge economic losses, including damage to personal property, crop losses, infrastructure repair and reconstruction costs, etc. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to study the relationship between the form of landslide or landslide erosion and the volume, water content, particle size distribution and release height of the sliding body, the present invention provides a test device for simulating the erosion and carrying effect of the landslide after entering the water, and explores the erosion and carrying form of the landslide by setting up sliding body tests with different volumes, water contents, particle size distributions and release heights.

[0005] The invention provides a hydraulically liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion carrying effect, comprising an upstream river channel and a downstream river channel, a landslide release device is arranged on the upstream landslide of the upstream river channel, an upstream dam body is arranged at the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel, the interior of the upstream river channel contains water, and an upstream siltation layer is arranged at the bottom of the water, the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel is adjacent to the downstream river channel, the interior of the downstream river channel does not contain water, and a downstream siltation layer is arranged at the bottom of the river channel, and data acquisition devices are arranged on the upstream river channel, the downstream river channel and the upstream dam body.

[0006] As a preferred solution, the downstream boundary of the downstream river channel is adjacent to the sewage storage tank.

[0007] As a preferred solution, the data acquisition device includes a speed sensor, and the speed sensor is arranged on the side of the upstream dam body that contacts the water.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, the data acquisition device also includes a first high-speed camera and a second high-speed camera. The first high-speed camera is mounted on the top of the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel, and the viewing angle of the first high-speed camera is to look down on the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel. The second high-speed camera is mounted on the side of the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel, and the viewing angle of the second high-speed camera is to look sideways at the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel.

[0009] As a preferred solution, a displacement sensor is arranged on the upper part of the landslide release device, and the initial wire head of the displacement sensor is inserted into the interior of the landslide.

[0010] As a preferred solution, height adjustment devices are provided at the lower parts of the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel for adjusting the height and inclination angle of the upstream river channel and the downstream river channel.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the data of the data acquisition device is transmitted to a data processing device for processing.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the landslide release device includes a blocking plate, which is inserted into the landslide of the upstream river channel. Blockage blocks are arranged on both sides of the top of the blocking plate, and a pull rope is arranged in the middle of the top of the blocking plate. The other end of the pull rope is connected to the weight block, and the pull rope changes the force transmission direction through a fixed pulley.

[0013] The present invention also provides a test method for a hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion carrying effect, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Calculate the volume of landslide or landslide erosion, obtain the surface area s affected by the landslide through on-site measurement or camera images; measure the depth of the landslide at different locations in the affected area of ​​the landslide h ; Usually the erosion depth varies, and it is necessary to measure at multiple points and then take the average or representative value; the volume of the landslide can be calculated from the affected area and the average depth, and the calculation formula is:

[0014] in A represents the area of ​​the river channel carried by landslide erosion; h Indicates the depth of erosion carry; V represents the volume carried by erosion; S2: The kinetic energy generated by the landslide is calculated using the formula: , in, m Indicates the quality of a landslide or landslide, v represents the sliding speed of the landslide. The landslide and the volume V of the landslide are known quantities, and the initial water level of the upstream river is h 0 is also known, the landslide starts from a certain heighth When released, the potential energy can be expressed as: , Ignoring friction and other losses, the relationship between the kinetic energy and potential energy of a landslide can be described by the law of conservation of energy: , Assuming that the landslide erodes the surrounding soil or rock during its movement, the erosion volume carried is Related to the kinetic energy of the landslide, the following relationship holds: , in, k is a proportionality constant, It indicates the energy required to erode a unit volume of soil or rock; S3: By calculating the kinetic energy generated by the landslide and the volume carried by erosion, we can derive the relationship between the volume carried by erosion and the volume of the landslide, the release height, and the initial velocity: or , The results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of high-lying water-adjacent landslides.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the form and volume of landslide erosion and carrying in the upstream river channel can be determined through experiments, and the conditions for landslide overtopping and the erosion effect on the downstream river channel can be determined; studying the volume of landslide erosion and carrying not only helps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster risk management, but also has important significance for protecting the ecological environment, rationally utilizing resources and scientific research. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a detailed diagram of the landslide release device in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. upstream river channel; 2. downstream river channel; 3. landslide release device; 301. blocking plate; 302. blocking block; 303. pull rope; 304. weight block; 305. fixed pulley; 4. upstream dam body; 5. upstream siltation layer; 6. downstream siltation layer; 7. sewage storage tank; 8. first high-speed camera; 9. second high-speed camera; 10. displacement sensor; 11. height adjustment device; 12. data processing device; 13. speed sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present invention is further described in detail below based on the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1 like Figure 1-2 The hydraulically liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying effect shown in the figure comprises an upstream river channel 1 and a downstream river channel 2, a landslide release device 3 is arranged on the upstream landslide of the upstream river channel 1, an upstream dam body 4 is arranged at the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel 1, the interior of the upstream river channel 1 contains water, and an upstream siltation layer 5 is arranged at the bottom of the water, the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel 1 is adjacent to the downstream river channel 2, the interior of the downstream river channel 2 does not contain water, and a downstream siltation layer 6 is arranged at the bottom of the river channel, and data acquisition devices are arranged on the upstream river channel 1, the downstream river channel 2 and the upstream dam body 4.

[0021] Furthermore, the downstream boundary of the downstream river channel 2 is adjacent to a sewage storage tank 7 for storing excess landslide.

[0022] Furthermore, the data acquisition device includes a velocity sensor 13 , which is arranged on the side of the upstream dam body 4 that contacts the water, and is used to measure the velocity of the landslide impacting the upstream dam body 4 .

[0023] Furthermore, the data acquisition device also includes a first high-speed camera 8 and a second high-speed camera 9. The first high-speed camera 8 is mounted on the top of the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2, and the viewing angle of the first high-speed camera 8 is to look down on the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2. The second high-speed camera 9 is mounted on the side of the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2, and the viewing angle of the second high-speed camera 9 is to look sideways at the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2. The high-speed cameras are used to capture the movement state of each stage of the landslide and the volume carried by the landslide erosion.

[0024] Furthermore, a displacement sensor 10 is arranged on the upper part of the landslide release device 3, and the initial wire head of the displacement sensor 10 is inserted into the interior of the landslide to obtain the displacement distance of the landslide.

[0025] Furthermore, a height adjustment device 11 is provided at the lower part of the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2 for adjusting the height and inclination angle of the upstream river channel 1 and the downstream river channel 2 .

[0026] Furthermore, the data from the data acquisition device is transmitted to the data processing device 12 for processing.

[0027] Furthermore, the landslide release device 3 includes a blocking plate 301, which is inserted into the landslide of the upstream river channel 1. Blocking blocks 302 are arranged on both sides of the top of the blocking plate 301. A pull rope 303 is arranged in the middle of the top of the blocking plate 301. The other end of the pull rope 303 is connected to the weight block 304. The pull rope 303 changes the force transmission direction through the fixed pulley 305.

[0028] Example 2 A test method for a hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion carrying action comprises the following steps: S1: Calculate the volume of landslide or landslide erosion, obtain the surface area s affected by the landslide through on-site measurement or camera images; measure the depth of the landslide at different locations in the affected area of ​​the landslide h ; Usually the erosion depth varies, and it is necessary to measure at multiple points and then take the average or representative value; the volume of the landslide can be calculated from the affected area and the average depth, and the calculation formula is:

[0029] in A represents the area of ​​the river channel carried by the landslide erosion, which can be measured by the first high-speed camera 8; h Indicates the depth of erosion carried, which can be measured by the second high-speed camera 9; V represents the volume carried by erosion, which can be measured by the first high-speed camera 8 and the second high-speed camera 9; S2: The kinetic energy generated by the landslide is calculated using the formula: , in, m Indicates the quality of a landslide or landslide, v The speed of the landslide. v The velocity sensor 13 can be used to obtain the landslide and the volume V of the landslide. The initial water level of the upstream river is h 0 is also known, the landslide starts from a certain height h When released, the potential energy can be expressed as: , Ignoring friction and other losses, the relationship between the kinetic energy and potential energy of a landslide can be described by the law of conservation of energy: , Assuming that the landslide erodes the surrounding soil or rock during its movement, the erosion volume carried is Related to the kinetic energy of the landslide, the following relationship holds: , in, k is a proportionality constant, It indicates the energy required to erode a unit volume of soil or rock; S3: By calculating the kinetic energy generated by the landslide and the volume carried by erosion, we can derive the relationship between the volume carried by erosion and the volume of the landslide, the release height, and the initial velocity: or , The results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of high-lying water-adjacent landslides.

Claims

1. A hydraulically-operated test device for simulating the erosion and carrying effect of a landslide, comprising an upstream river channel (1) and a downstream river channel (2), It is characterized in that A landslide release device (3) is provided at the upstream landslide of the upstream river channel (1); an upstream dam body (4) is provided at the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel (1); the interior of the upstream river channel (1) contains water, and an upstream siltation layer (5) is provided at the bottom of the water; the downstream boundary of the upstream river channel (1) is adjacent to the downstream river channel (2); the interior of the downstream river channel (2) does not contain water, and a downstream siltation layer (6) is provided at the bottom of the river channel; and data acquisition devices are provided on the upstream river channel (1), the downstream river channel (2) and the upstream dam body (4).

2. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The downstream boundary of the downstream river channel (2) is adjacent to the sewage storage tank (7).

3. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The data acquisition device comprises a speed sensor (13), and the speed sensor (13) is arranged on the side of the upstream dam body (4) that contacts water.

4. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The data acquisition device further comprises a first high-speed camera (8) and a second high-speed camera (9), wherein the first high-speed camera (8) is mounted on the top of the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2), and the viewing angle of the first high-speed camera (8) is to look down on the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2), and the second high-speed camera (9) is mounted on the side of the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2), and the viewing angle of the second high-speed camera (9) is to look sideways at the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2).

5. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A displacement sensor (10) is arranged on the upper part of the landslide release device (3), and an initial wire end of the displacement sensor (10) is inserted into the interior of the landslide.

6. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that A height adjustment device (11) is provided at the lower part of the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2) for adjusting the height and inclination angle of the upstream river channel (1) and the downstream river channel (2).

7. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The data transmitted by the data acquisition device is transmitted to the data processing device (12) for processing.

8. A hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The landslide release device (3) comprises a blocking plate (301), the blocking plate (301) is inserted on the landslide of the upstream river channel (1), blocking blocks (302) are arranged on both sides of the top of the blocking plate (301), a pull rope (303) is arranged in the middle of the top of the blocking plate (301), the other end of the pull rope (303) is connected to the weight block (304), and the pull rope (303) changes the force transmission direction through a fixed pulley (305).

9. A test method for a hydraulic liftable test device for simulating landslide erosion and carrying action according to any one of claims 1 to 8, Features The following steps are involved: S1: Calculate the volume of landslide or landslide erosion, obtain the surface area s affected by the landslide through on-site measurement or camera images; measure the depth of the landslide at different locations in the affected area of ​​the landslide h ; Usually the erosion depth varies, and it is necessary to measure at multiple points and then take the average or representative value; the volume of the landslide can be calculated from the affected area and the average depth, and the calculation formula is: in A represents the area of ​​the river channel carried by landslide erosion; h Indicates the depth of erosion carry; V represents the volume carried by erosion; S2: The kinetic energy generated by the landslide is calculated using the formula: ， in, m Indicates the quality of a landslide or landslide, v represents the sliding speed of the landslide. The landslide and its volume V are known quantities, and the initial water level of the upstream river is h 0 It is also known that landslides from a certain height h 0 When released, the potential energy can be expressed as: ， Ignoring friction and other losses, the relationship between the kinetic energy and potential energy of a landslide can be described by the law of conservation of energy: ， Assuming that the landslide erodes the surrounding soil or rock during its movement, the erosion volume carried is Related to the kinetic energy of the landslide, the following relationship holds: ， in, k is a proportionality constant, It indicates the energy required to erode a unit volume of soil or rock; S3: By calculating the kinetic energy generated by the landslide and the volume carried by erosion, we can derive the relationship between the volume carried by erosion and the volume of the landslide, the release height, and the initial velocity: or , The results can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of high-lying water-adjacent landslides.

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