Method and device for calculating effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a coverage method and device for the effective number of simulated seismic waves, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. The method comprises the steps that after design parameters of a three-dimensional observation system are obtained, the maximum coverage frequency of simulated seismic waves under the conventional three-dimensional observation system is determined according to the design parameters; geological information parameters are obtained, a parameter comparison table is established, and the critical threshold value of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave is determined through the parameters in the table. And determining the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the comparison table. And finally, according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset, determining the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves. The seismic wave incident angle critical threshold value of the region is determined according to the actually collected geological information parameters for different regions, the effective coverage times of the middle-shallow geological interface with different burial depths are recalculated according to the seismic wave incident angle critical threshold value, and the calculation result is more accurate by considering the calculation error generated by the incident angle critical threshold value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to a method, device, electronic device and computer-readable storage medium for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves. Background Art

[0002] Simulating seismic waves is a commonly used technical means in the field of geological exploration. It artificially stimulates simulated seismic waves from different angles and collects relevant information of reflected waves. The geological structure of the target area is analyzed through multi-dimensional modeling. It is of great significance in natural resource exploration, geological analysis and other aspects.

[0003] In the related technology, the artificially established seismic observation system needs to design many parameters such as the number of simulated seismic wave coverage, maximum shot offset, line spacing, etc. By combining the relevant characteristics of the incident wave and the reflected wave of the simulated seismic wave, the analysis and calculation according to the preset formula can be performed to obtain the number of simulated seismic wave coverage required for geological layers of different depths.

[0004] However, in the existing technical solutions, when calculating the effective coverage times for shallow and medium geological layers with relatively shallow burial depths, the influence of the maximum incident angle of the simulated seismic wave on the design parameters of the observation system is not taken into account, resulting in low precision and insufficient accuracy of the calculation results. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and device for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves, so as to solve the problem of insufficient accuracy of the results of the method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves in the prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determining the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters;

[0008] Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table according to the geological information parameters;

[0009] Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave by using the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table;

[0010] Determine the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table;

[0011] The effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves are determined according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

[0012] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves, comprising:

[0013] A design parameter acquisition module, used to acquire the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters;

[0014] Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table according to the geological information parameters;

[0015] A critical threshold determination module, used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave through the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table;

[0016] An offset determination module, used to determine a critical refraction offset corresponding to a geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table;

[0017] The coverage times determination module is used to determine the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

[0018] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a processor;

[0019] a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor;

[0020] The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which, when instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, enables the electronic device to perform the method.

[0022] In an embodiment of the present application, after obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, the simulated seismic waves under the conventional three-dimensional observation system are first determined according to the design parameters. Then, the geological information parameters are obtained, and a geological layer parameter comparison table is established according to the geological information parameters. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table. According to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, according to the design parameters, the maximum number of coverage times and the critical refraction offset, the effective number of coverage of the simulated seismic waves is determined. For different regions, a comparison table is established with the real geological information parameters collected to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the seismic waves for the region, and the accurate and effective number of coverage of the shallow geological interfaces at different burial depths is recalculated accordingly, and the calculation error caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle is eliminated, so that the calculation result is more accurate.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a simplified flow chart of the steps of a method for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a unit bin range definition provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of simulating the propagation of seismic waves in a ground medium layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 is a characteristic schematic diagram of a maximum offset provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a detailed implementation step flow chart of a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a device for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 7 is a functional component relationship diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a functional component relationship diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 1 is a simplified implementation step diagram of a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 As shown, the steps of the method include:

[0035] Step 101: Obtain design parameters of a three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters.

[0036] A method for simulating the effective number of times of coverage of seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to the simulated seismic wave coverage under a three-dimensional observation system. In geological exploration, in order to obtain seismic reflection wave data used to interpret the geological structure characteristics, stratum distribution laws, oil and gas distribution characteristics, etc. in the interior of the earth, a multiple coverage observation method is usually adopted, and its method parameters and the overall definition of the excitation and reception relationship of the simulated seismic waves are the observation system. By artificially exciting simulated seismic waves from different incident angles, and evenly arranging receivers for collecting seismic reflection waves on the ground at a certain grid distance (track spacing), seismic reflection wave data that uniformly and multiple times covers each seismic geological interface in the interior of the earth at a certain grid distance (surface element) is obtained, and after processing and interpretation, seismic exploration results (profiles, planes) that reveal the underground geological structure and stratum distribution characteristics can be obtained.

[0037] Multiple coverage seismic observation systems require the design of many parameters, including: coverage times, maximum shot offset, bin, line spacing, etc. Among them, a bin (CMP) is a small rectangular area. Usually, the size of a bin is the product of 1 / 2 of the run point spacing and 1 / 2 of the track spacing. The coverage times (usually expressed as Fold) refers to the number of midpoints superimposed by simulated seismic waves in a CMP bin. Figure 2 , shows a schematic diagram of a unit face element range definition provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the symbolic geometric dimensions of the shot point distance and the track distance are shown in sequence, wherein the 4 square ranges marked by the dotted box are a CMP face element.

[0038] Specifically, under the conventional three-dimensional observation system, the geological layer is divided into observation coverage areas in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves in the CMP surface element can be calculated by the following formula:

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Fold 3D =Fold x ×Fold y (Total coverage times)(3)

[0042] Where M is the number of instrument channels received by a receiving line, Δ x is the track distance, Fold x is the vertical coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system, SLI is the shot line distance, Fold y is the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system, RLI is the receiving line distance, NRL is the number of lateral receiving lines, Fold 3D is the coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system, which is the product of the longitudinal coverage number and the lateral coverage number.

[0043] Reasonable coverage times can effectively suppress interference noise and improve data quality, laying the prerequisite for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic reflection data and the resolution of seismic profiles in subsequent data processing.

[0044] Step 102: Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table based on the geological information parameters.

[0045] A method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves proposed in an embodiment of the present application mainly solves the problem that the effective coverage times algorithm for shallow and medium geological interfaces with shallow geological burial depths fails to consider the influence of the maximum incident angle of simulated seismic waves on the offset requirements.

[0046] Usually, a three-dimensional structure digital model is established with a representative common depth point (CDP). The common depth point is a point on a plane, which is a line from shallow to deep in the three-dimensional structure. After extending this vertical line to the left and right, a three-dimensional structure is established. In order to accurately restore the three-dimensional structure model, it is necessary to accurately collect different data of this vertical line in the vertical direction, and then establish a three-dimensional structure skeleton according to the depth and inclination angle of each layer, and fill it with the velocity of the layer medium to build a full multi-layer superimposed three-dimensional model. The establishment of the geophysical parameter model is the establishment of the three-dimensional structure model. First, refer to the seismic and geological results to determine the representative common depth point, then determine the depth of each layer according to the drilling data, determine the inclination angle of each layer according to the seismic data, build the framework of the multi-layer superimposed structure, and then fill the medium in each layer according to the logging data, that is, the layer velocity parameter.

[0047] Referring to Table 1, a geophysical parameter model of a mid-shallow geological interface point provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0048]

[0049] Table (1)

[0050] It should be noted that the layer velocity is used to represent the actual propagation velocity of (simulated) seismic waves in a layered geological layer. The value of the layer velocity is specifically affected by the burial depth and geological composition of different medium layers.

[0051] Step 103: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave through the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0052] According to Snell's law, during the propagation of physical waves (including but not limited to light waves and sound waves), when the beam is absorbed from the first medium into the second medium due to the change in the characteristic properties of the medium layer, the original beam will be refracted. In the embodiment of the present application, the simulated seismic waves generated by artificial excitation will be reflected after being incident on the geological layer at a certain angle. After being received by the reflected wave receivers evenly arranged under the three-dimensional observation system, the geological layer range information covered by the simulated wave can be determined.

[0053] Snell's law states that: (1) In the plane where the physical wave is reflected, the refracted beam is located in the plane determined by the incident beam and the interface normal; (2) and the refracted beam and the incident beam are distributed on both sides of the normal; (3) the ratio of the sine of the incident angle of the incident wave to the sine of the refracted angle is a constant for two media with a certain refractive index. When the incident angle of the incident wave reaches a certain threshold, total reflection will occur in the reflection plane. At this time, the reflection wave receiver will no longer receive the reflected signal, which will have a serious error impact on the calculation of the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic wave.

[0054] Reference Figure 3 , which shows a schematic diagram of the effect of simulating the propagation of seismic waves in the ground medium layer provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 As shown, it includes the source point and the receiving point, the adjacent target layer t1 and the target layer t2, the wave impedance interface where reflection and transmission (i.e. refraction) occur, and the normal line (where the dotted line is located). The angle between the incident wave and the normal line is the incident angle θ t1 , the angle between the reflected wave and the normal is the incident reflection angle θ t1 , the angle between the transmitted wave and the normal is the transmission angle θ t2 When the refraction angle reaches a certain threshold (90°), the image can no longer be reflected. t2 is equal to 90°, and the reflection angle θ is obtained according to Snell's law t1 The critical value is also called the maximum incident angle of the target layer t1.

[0055] After obtaining the physical parameter table of the geological interface point, the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave is determined by the parameters in the table and Snell's law. Specifically, the critical threshold of the maximum incident angle is calculated by the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] Among them, V q1 With V q2They represent the layer velocities of seismic waves in target layer 1 and target layer 2 respectively; sinθ1 and sinθ2 represent the sine values ​​of the reflection angle and the projection angle respectively.

[0058] Step 104: Determine the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0059] The maximum offset is used to characterize the distance between the farthest detection point and the excitation shot point (i.e., the emission point of the simulated seismic wave) in an array under the observation system (generally represented by Xmax). Generally, the distance between multiple excitation shot points in an array is relatively close, and they are basically located at the center of the array. If the multiple excitation shot points in the array are regarded as one point, and the array is regarded as a right-angled quadrilateral composed of many lines arranged at equal intervals. Then the maximum offset is approximately equal to the distance from the center point of the regular quadrilateral to the right angle, which is affected by the distance from the center point of the quadrilateral to the long side and the short side of the quadrilateral. When the distance between a certain side and the center point becomes farther, the maximum offset increases accordingly. It is related to the shooting strategy and the size of the array.

[0060] Reference Figure 4 , which shows a characteristic schematic diagram of a maximum offset provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 In the array shown, the X extending laterally along a single excitation shot point xmax Indicates the maximum vertical distance, X extending along the longitudinal direction ymax Indicates the maximum non-vertical distance, X max It is the maximum offset of the observation system. It is worth noting that in the three-dimensional seismic observation system, when the receiving line spacing remains unchanged, there are three factors that increase the maximum offset. One is that the receiving points on each receiving line increase toward both ends, the other is that the number of receiving lines of the array increases toward both sides, and the third is that the above two situations occur at the same time.

[0061] In the prior art, the coverage times of the medium-shallow geological interface are generally calculated using the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, Fold qn is the number of times a certain medium-shallow geological interface qn is covered, D qn is the burial depth of a certain shallow geological interface qn, X maxis the maximum offset designed for the observation system, and Fold is the number of coverages designed for the observation system. It should be noted that the observation environment applicable to this calculation method is the geological layer structure under ideal conditions, that is, the layers are arranged horizontally in an approximately parallel manner. However, in practical applications, the structure of the medium-shallow geological interface is very complex, and there will be more or less certain inclination angles and non-uniformly distributed structures between the layers. Therefore, the coverage number calculated according to the above formula (5) is generally very small, and the premise for the correctness of the algorithm is that the burial depth of the medium-shallow target layer is approximately equal to the maximum offset required, otherwise the calculation result cannot accurately reflect the true and effective coverage number of the medium-shallow geological interface. According to the principle of seismic wave reflection, the maximum offset of the reflection point (CDP) on each seismic reflection interface that meets the requirements of in-phase stacking processing is proportional to its burial depth, and is greatly affected by the maximum incident and maximum exit angles of the seismic reflection wave.

[0064] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the critical refraction offset determined by the target layer burial depth and the critical threshold for generating effective reflection in simulated seismic is used to replace the maximum offset in the original calculation method. Further, after determining the critical threshold of the maximum incident angle, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the critical threshold is determined by the following formula:

[0065] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ(6)

[0066] Among them, X qn is the critical refraction offset, which is used to characterize the distance from the excitation shot point to the farthest receiver receiving point in an array slice in the three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the critical refraction angle is less than the target geological layer (i.e., the maximum offset that satisfies the effective reflection condition of simulated seismic waves); D qn is the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent value of the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle.

[0067] Step 105: Determine the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

[0068] After obtaining the critical refraction offset, the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and the maximum coverage times of the system, the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves can be accurately calculated. Specifically, analogous to the above formulas (1) to (3), after adding the critical refraction offset determined by the critical threshold of the incident angle, the maximum coverage times of the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system are determined by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Fold qn =Fold xqn ×Fold yqn (9)

[0072] Among them, X xmax The maximum vertical distance designed for the three-dimensional observation system, Flod x is the vertical coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system, X ymax The maximum non-vertical distance designed for the three-dimensional observation system, Flod y is the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system. If it is case 1, the number of receiving points on each receiving line increases, that is, the M value increases, so the longitudinal coverage times increase; if it is case 2, the number of receiving lines of the array increases, that is, the NRL value increases, which will increase the lateral coverage times; if it is case 3, it will cause both the longitudinal coverage times and the lateral coverage times to increase. Therefore, when the receiving line distance remains unchanged, the increase in the maximum offset distance will cause the 3D seismic coverage times to increase.

[0073] In summary, the present application provides a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves. After obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, the maximum coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the conventional three-dimensional observation system are first determined according to the design parameters. Then, the geological information parameters are obtained and a parameter comparison table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the table. According to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset, the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves are determined. For different regions, a comparison table is established with the real collected geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the seismic waves in the region, and the accurate and effective coverage times of the shallow geological interfaces in different burial depths are recalculated accordingly, and the calculation error caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle is eliminated, so that the calculation results are more accurate.

[0074] Reference Figure 5 , shows a detailed implementation step flow chart of a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 As shown, the steps of the method include:

[0075] Step 201: Obtain design parameters of a three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters.

[0076] This step may specifically refer to the above step 101, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0077] Optionally, the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system include: the number of single line tracks, the distance between gun tracks, the gun line distance, the distance between single line track receiving lines, and the number of lateral receiving lines.

[0078] The design parameters are characteristic parameters of the observation system itself. For example, an observation system with 12 lines, 12 shots and 168 channels has a channel spacing of 40m and a line spacing of 240m. The channel spacing is used to characterize the distance between two adjacent observation channels when multiple simulated seismic wave emission points are arranged.

[0079] Specifically, taking an observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its design parameters include shot point spacing 40, track spacing 40m, shot line spacing 320m, receiving line spacing 280m, maximum longitudinal distance 4780m, maximum non-longitudinal distance 4180m, and maximum shot offset 6350m.

[0080] In an optional embodiment, step 201 may further include:

[0081] Sub-step 2011, determining the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the gun-line spacing, the number of single lines and the gun-line spacing.

[0082] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the product of the number of single line tracks and the track spacing to twice the shot line spacing is used as the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system. Specifically, refer to the formula (1) shown in the above step 101:

[0083]

[0084] The longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system can be calculated by this formula, where M is the number of instrument channels received by a receiving line, Δ x is the track distance, SLI is the shot line distance. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its longitudinal coverage times are: 240×40÷(2×320)=15 times.

[0085] Sub-step 2012: determining the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the number of lateral receiving lines and the single-line receiving line distance.

[0086] In the embodiment of the present application, the product of the number of lateral receiving lines and the single line receiving line distance and the ratio of 2 times the single line receiving line distance are used as the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system. Similarly, referring to formula (2) in the above step 101:

[0087]

[0088] The formula can be used to calculate the lateral coverage times of the 3D observation system, where RLI is the receiving line distance and NRL is the number of lateral receiving lines. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its lateral coverage times are: 30×280÷(2×280)=15 times.

[0089] Sub-step 2013: taking the product of the longitudinal coverage times and the transverse coverage times as the maximum coverage times.

[0090] Following sub-step 2012 and sub-step 2013, after respectively calculating the longitudinal coverage times and the transverse coverage times of the simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system, the total coverage times within a CMP surface element can be obtained by multiplying the two results.

[0091] For details, refer to formula (3) in step 101 above:

[0092] Fold 3D =Fold x ×Fold y

[0093] The total number of coverage times in the observation system 30L7S240R = 15 x 15 = 225 times.

[0094] Step 202: Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table based on the geological information parameters.

[0095] Optionally, the geological layer parameter comparison table is used to record characteristic parameters of different geological layers, including: layer velocity, burial depth, formation dip angle or more.

[0096] Referring to Table (1), a geophysical parameter model of a medium-shallow geological interface point provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown, wherein the layer velocity of geological layer T1 is 3000 m / s, the burial depth is 1500 m, and the formation dip is 5°; the layer velocity of geological layer T2 is 4500 m / s, the burial depth is 2000 m, and the formation dip is 5°.

[0097] It is worth noting that after obtaining the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves under a conventional three-dimensional observation system, a comparison table is established by obtaining geological information parameters. In essence, the geological area is regarded as a three-dimensional structure with multiple layers stacked vertically, and the three-dimensional structure is digitized according to the geophysical properties of each layer of the medium in the three-dimensional structure. In an embodiment of the present application, after collecting information such as seismic, geological, drilling, and logging data in the target exploration area, a geophysical parameter model of common depth points of the medium and shallow geological interface is established. Specifically, the above-mentioned geological information parameters may include: seismic detection profiles, stratigraphic information, stratigraphic calibration information, stratigraphic tracking information, etc.

[0098] Step 203: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave through the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0099] In an optional embodiment, step 203 may further include:

[0100] Sub-step 2031: Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave according to the layer velocity of the adjacent geological layer and Snell's law.

[0101] Referring to the above step 103, the maximum incident angle corresponding to the total reflection phenomenon of the simulated seismic wave is determined by Snell's law. According to formula (4):

[0102]

[0103] To determine the maximum incident angle θ at the geological interface CDP point. Specifically, according to the layer velocities of the T1 layer and the T2 layer in Table (1), the maximum incident angle That is, when simulating the reflection and transmission effects of seismic waves entering geological layer T2 from geological layer T1, the corresponding maximum incident angle is 42°.

[0104] Step 204: Determine the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0105] This step may specifically refer to the above step 104, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, the step 204 may further include:

[0107] Sub-step 2041, calculate the critical refraction offset according to the following formula:

[0108] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ(6)

[0109] Among them, X qn is the critical refraction offset, which is used to characterize the distance from the excitation shot point to the farthest receiver receiving point in an array slice in the three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the critical refraction angle is less than the target geological layer (i.e., the maximum offset that satisfies the effective reflection condition of simulated seismic waves); D qn is the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent value of the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle.

[0110] The critical threshold of the maximum incident angle calculated in sub-step 2031 is about 42°. In the three-dimensional observation system, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the critical threshold of the incident angle is calculated according to formula (6). That is, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface of different burial depths in the shallow and medium layers is:qn =2D qn ×tanθ=2×1500×tan42°=2701m.

[0111] Optionally, the design parameters also include: a maximum longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system and a maximum non-longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0112] Step 205: Determine the effective longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction offset and the longitudinal coverage times in the maximum coverage times.

[0113] After obtaining the critical refraction offset of the observation system based on the maximum critical threshold of the incident angle, the actual effective coverage times of different burial depths in the shallow and medium layers in the three-dimensional observation system can be calculated.

[0114] First, determine the effective vertical coverage times under the three-dimensional observation system, referring to formula (7) in step 105 above:

[0115]

[0116] Among them, X xmax The maximum vertical distance designed for the three-dimensional observation system, Flod x is the vertical coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system obtained in sub-step 2011. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its maximum vertical distance is 4780m. Combined with the geological information parameters in Table (1),

[0117] Step 206: Determine the effective lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum non-vertical distance, the critical refraction offset and the lateral coverage times in the maximum coverage times.

[0118] Correspondingly, refer to formula (8) in step 105 above:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, X ymax The maximum non-vertical distance designed for the three-dimensional observation system, Flod y is the number of lateral coverage of the three-dimensional observation system obtained in sub-step 2012. Taking the observation system 30L7S240R as an example, its maximum non-vertical distance is 4180m. Combined with the geological information parameters in Table (1),

[0121] Step 207: taking the product of the longitudinal effective coverage times and the transverse effective coverage times as the effective coverage times.

[0122] The real-time vertical coverage times and the actual horizontal coverage times calculated in combination with step 206 and step 297 are multiplied to obtain the actual effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system. Referring to formula (9) in step 105 above, the actual effective total coverage times of the T1 layer = 8.7 × 9.69 = 82 (times).

[0123] In summary, the present application provides a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves. After obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, the maximum coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the conventional three-dimensional observation system are first determined according to the design parameters. Then, the geological information parameters are obtained and a parameter comparison table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the table. According to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset, the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves are determined. For different regions, a comparison table is established with the real collected geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the seismic waves in the region, and the accurate and effective coverage times of the shallow geological interfaces in different burial depths are recalculated accordingly, and the calculation error caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle is eliminated, so that the calculation results are more accurate.

[0124] Reference Figure 6 , shows a schematic diagram of the functional modules of a device 300 for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6 As shown, the device comprises:

[0125] The design parameter acquisition module 301 is used to obtain the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system and determine the maximum coverage number of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters.

[0126] The geological information parameters are obtained 302, and a geological layer parameter comparison table is established according to the geological information parameters.

[0127] The critical threshold determination module 303 is used to determine the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle through the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0128] The offset determination module 304 is used to determine the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table.

[0129] The coverage times determination module 305 is used to determine the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

[0130] Optionally, the design parameter acquisition module 301 further includes:

[0131] A longitudinal coverage number determination submodule, used to determine the longitudinal coverage number of the three-dimensional observation system according to the gun-line spacing, the number of single-line tracks and the gun-line spacing;

[0132] Optionally, the vertical coverage times determination submodule further includes:

[0133] The longitudinal coverage times determining unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the single line track number and the track spacing to twice the shot line spacing as the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0134] A submodule for determining the number of lateral coverages, used to determine the number of lateral coverages of the three-dimensional observation system according to the number of lateral receiving lines and the receiving line distance of the single line;

[0135] Optionally, the horizontal coverage number determination submodule further includes:

[0136] The lateral coverage times determining unit is used to take the product of the lateral receiving line number and the single line receiving line distance and the ratio of twice the single line receiving line distance as the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system.

[0137] The maximum coverage times determining unit is used to take the product of the longitudinal coverage times and the transverse coverage times as the maximum coverage times.

[0138] Optionally, the critical threshold determination module 303 further includes:

[0139] The critical threshold determination submodule is used to determine the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle according to the layer velocity of the adjacent geological layer and Snell's law.

[0140] Optionally, the offset determination module 304 further includes:

[0141] The offset determination submodule is used to calculate the critical refraction offset according to the following formula:

[0142] X qn =2D qn ×tanθ

[0143] Among them, X qn D is the critical refraction offset, which is used to characterize the distance from the excitation shot point to the farthest receiver receiving point in an array slice in the three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the critical refraction angle is less than the target geological layer; qn is the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent value of the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle.

[0144] Optionally, the coverage times determination module 305 further includes:

[0145] A submodule for determining the number of longitudinal effective coverages, for determining the number of longitudinal effective coverages of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction offset and the number of longitudinal coverages in the maximum number of coverages;

[0146] Optionally, the vertical effective coverage number determination submodule further includes:

[0147] The longitudinal effective coverage number determination unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the critical refraction offset and the longitudinal coverage number to the maximum longitudinal distance as the longitudinal effective coverage number.

[0148] A submodule for determining the number of transverse effective coverages, for determining the number of transverse effective coverages of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum non-vertical distance, the critical refraction offset and the number of transverse coverages in the maximum number of coverages;

[0149] Optionally, the subunit for determining the number of horizontal effective coverage times further includes:

[0150] The lateral effective coverage number determination unit is used to take the ratio of the product of the critical refraction offset and the lateral coverage number to the maximum non-vertical distance as the lateral effective coverage number.

[0151] The effective coverage times determination submodule is used to take the product of the longitudinal effective coverage times and the transverse effective coverage times as the effective coverage times.

[0152] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a square calculation device for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves. After obtaining the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, the maximum coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the conventional three-dimensional observation system are first determined according to the design parameters. Then, the geological information parameters are obtained and a parameter comparison table is established. The critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic waves is determined by the parameters in the table. According to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table, the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface is determined. Finally, according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset, the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves are determined. For different regions, a comparison table is established with the real collected geological information parameters to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the seismic waves in the region, and the accurate and effective coverage times of the shallow geological interfaces in different burial depths are recalculated accordingly, and the calculation error caused by the critical threshold of the incident angle is eliminated, so that the calculation results are more accurate.

[0153] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an electronic device 600 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the electronic device 600 may be a mobile phone, a computer, a digital broadcast terminal, a messaging device, a game console, a tablet device, a medical device, a fitness device, a personal digital assistant, etc.

[0154] Reference Figure 7 , the electronic device 600 may include one or more of the following components: a processing component 602 , a memory 604 , a power component 606 , a multimedia component 608 , an audio component 610 , an input / output (I / O) interface 612 , a sensor component 614 , and a communication component 616 .

[0155] The processing component 602 generally controls the overall operation of the electronic device 600, such as operations associated with display, phone calls, data communications, camera operations, and recording operations. The processing component 602 may include one or more processors 620 to execute instructions to complete all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned method. In addition, the processing component 602 may include one or more modules to facilitate the interaction between the processing component 602 and other components. For example, the processing component 602 may include a multimedia module to facilitate the interaction between the multimedia component 608 and the processing component 602.

[0156] The memory 604 is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device 600. Examples of such data include instructions for any application or method operating on the electronic device 600, contact data, phone book data, messages, pictures, multimedia, etc. The memory 604 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0157] The power supply component 606 provides power to the various components of the electronic device 600. The power supply component 606 may include a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the electronic device 600.

[0158] The multimedia component 608 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the electronic device 600 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a touch panel (TP). If the screen includes a touch panel, the screen may be implemented as a touch screen to receive input signals from the user. The touch panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touch, slide, and gestures on the touch panel. The touch sensor may not only sense the boundaries of the touch or slide action, but also detect the duration and pressure associated with the touch or slide operation. In some embodiments, the multimedia component 608 includes a front camera and / or a rear camera. When the electronic device 600 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a multimedia mode, the front camera and / or the rear camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front camera and the rear camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have a focal length and optical zoom capability.

[0159] The audio component 610 is used to output and / or input audio signals. For example, the audio component 610 includes a microphone (MIC), and when the electronic device 600 is in an operating mode, such as a call mode, a recording mode, and a voice recognition mode, the microphone is used to receive an external audio signal. The received audio signal can be further stored in the memory 604 or sent via the communication component 616. In some embodiments, the audio component 610 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0160] I / O interface 612 provides an interface between processing component 602 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, buttons, etc. These buttons may include but are not limited to: a home button, a volume button, a start button, and a lock button.

[0161] The sensor assembly 614 includes one or more sensors for providing various aspects of status assessment for the electronic device 600. For example, the sensor assembly 614 can detect the open / closed state of the electronic device 600, the relative positioning of the components, such as the display and keypad of the electronic device 600, and the sensor assembly 614 can also detect the position change of the electronic device 600 or a component of the electronic device 600, the presence or absence of contact between the user and the electronic device 600, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of the electronic device 600, and the temperature change of the electronic device 600. The sensor assembly 614 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of a nearby object without any physical contact. The sensor assembly 614 may also include an optical sensor, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 614 may also include an acceleration sensor, a gyroscope sensor, a magnetic sensor, a pressure sensor, or a temperature sensor.

[0162] The communication component 616 is used to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the electronic device 600 and other devices. The electronic device 600 can access a wireless network based on a communication standard, such as WiFi, a carrier network (such as 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G), or a combination thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 616 receives a broadcast signal or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In an exemplary embodiment, the communication component 616 also includes a near field communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module can be implemented based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, infrared data association (IrDA) technology, ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, Bluetooth (BT) technology and other technologies.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device 600 can be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors or other electronic components to implement a method for calculating the effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0164] In an exemplary embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions is also provided, such as a memory 604 including instructions, and the instructions can be executed by a processor 620 of an electronic device 600 to perform the above method. For example, the non-transitory storage medium can be a ROM, a random access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, etc.

[0165] Figure 8 is a block diagram of an electronic device 700 according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the electronic device 700 may be provided as a server. Figure 8 The electronic device 700 includes a processing component 722, which further includes one or more processors, and a memory resource represented by a memory 732, for storing instructions executable by the processing component 722, such as an application. The application stored in the memory 732 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. In addition, the processing component 722 is configured to execute instructions to perform a method for calculating the number of effective coverage times of simulated seismic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0166] The electronic device 700 may also include a power supply component 726 configured to perform power management of the electronic device 700, a wired or wireless network interface 750 configured to connect the electronic device 700 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface 758. The electronic device 700 may operate based on an operating system stored in the memory 732, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™ or the like.

[0167] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present application, which follows the general principles of the present application and includes common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in the present application. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the claims.

[0168] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the precise structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the number of effective coverage of simulated seismic waves, It is characterized in that The method comprises: Obtaining design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determining the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters; Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table according to the geological information parameters; Determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave by using the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table; Determine the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table; The effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves are determined according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The design parameters are used to characterize the equipment characteristics of the seismic wave generating device, and the seismic wave generating device is used to simulate and transmit the simulated seismic waves; the design parameters include: the number of single line tracks, the track spacing, the shot line spacing, the single line track receiving line spacing and the number of lateral receiving lines; Determining the maximum number of coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters includes: Determine the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the track spacing, the number of single-line tracks and the shot line spacing; Determining the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the number of lateral receiving lines and the single-line receiving line distance; The product of the longitudinal coverage times and the transverse coverage times is taken as the said.

3. The method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The determining of the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the track spacing, the number of single-line tracks and the shot line distance comprises: The ratio of the product of the number of single line tracks and the track spacing to twice the shot line spacing is used as the longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system; The determining of the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the lateral receiving line number and the single line receiving line distance comprises: The ratio of the product of the number of lateral receiving lines and the single-line receiving line distance to twice the single-line receiving line distance is used as the lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system.

4. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The geological layer parameter comparison table is used to record characteristic parameters of different geological layers, including: one or more of layer velocity, burial depth, and formation dip angle; The step of determining the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave by using the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table comprises: According to the layer velocity of adjacent geological layers and Snell's law, the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle is determined.

5. The method according to claim 4, It is characterized in that Determining the critical refraction offset corresponding to the geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table includes: The critical refraction offset is calculated according to the following formula: X qn =2D qn ×tanθ Among them, X qn D is the critical refraction offset, which is used to characterize the distance from the excitation shot point to the farthest receiver receiving point in an array slice in the three-dimensional observation system model, provided that the critical refraction angle is less than the target geological layer; qn is the burial depth of the target geological layer, and tanθ is the tangent value of the critical threshold of the simulated seismic wave incident angle.

6. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The design parameters also include: the maximum longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system and the maximum non-longitudinal distance of the three-dimensional observation system; Determining the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset comprises: Determining the effective longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction offset and the longitudinal coverage times in; Determining the effective lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum non-vertical distance, the critical refraction offset and the lateral coverage times in the; The product of the longitudinal effective coverage times and the transverse effective coverage times is taken as the effective coverage times.

7. The method according to claim 6, It is characterized in that Determining the effective longitudinal coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum longitudinal distance, the critical refraction offset and the longitudinal coverage times in the maximum coverage times includes: The ratio of the product of the critical refraction offset and the longitudinal coverage number to the maximum longitudinal distance is taken as the longitudinal effective coverage number; Determining the effective lateral coverage times of the three-dimensional observation system according to the maximum non-vertical distance, the critical refraction offset and the lateral coverage times in the maximum coverage times includes: The ratio of the product of the critical refraction offset and the lateral coverage times to the maximum non-vertical distance is taken as the lateral effective coverage times.

8. A computing device for simulating the number of times earthquake waves are covered, It is characterized in that The device comprises: A design parameter acquisition module, used to acquire the design parameters of the three-dimensional observation system, and determine the maximum coverage times of simulated seismic waves under the three-dimensional observation system according to the design parameters; Acquire geological information parameters, and establish a geological layer parameter comparison table according to the geological information parameters; A critical threshold determination module, used to determine the critical threshold of the incident angle of the simulated seismic wave through the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table; An offset determination module, used to determine a critical refraction offset corresponding to a geological interface according to the critical threshold and the parameters in the geological layer parameter comparison table; The coverage times determination module is used to determine the effective coverage times of the simulated seismic waves according to the design parameters, the maximum coverage times and the critical refraction offset.

9. An electronic device, It is characterized in that include: processor; a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to execute the instructions to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that When the instructions in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by a processor of an electronic device, the electronic device is enabled to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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