Method for screening interplanting mode for planting economic and ecological benefits under precious broad-leaved forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for screening an interplanting mode for economic and ecological benefits of under-forest planting, and is suitable for the technical field of forest land development. The method mainly comprises the steps of setting a sample plot, collecting sample plot data, calculating a weight score and evaluating ecological and economic benefits. The interplanting mode has the characteristics of simplicity, economy and high efficiency, and a good application prospect is provided for wide popularization of the interplanting mode in the field of forestry development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forest land development technology and aims to improve the economic and ecological benefits of the planting mode under precious broad-leaved forests. Specifically, the present technology relates to an intercropping mode that uses the principles of ecology and eco-economics to enhance the economic and ecological benefits of precious broad-leaved forests. Background Art

[0002] Evergreen broad-leaved forests are mainly composed of evergreen dicotyledonous broad-leaved species. They are an important part of the subtropical terrestrial ecosystem and a zonal forest type composed of evergreen broad-leaved species in subtropical humid areas. China's subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests are the largest and most typical evergreen broad-leaved forests in the world. They are rich in biodiversity, high in productivity, and have extremely high ecosystem service functions. At present, China's evergreen broad-leaved forests cover an area of ​​17.38 million hectares, which is the main component of forest resources in the subtropical region. They play an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance and promoting regional social and economic development. While providing people with a large amount of timber and forest by-products, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests play a very important role in regional carbon sinks, water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil fertility maintenance and other ecological service functions.

[0003] Forest economy is a sustainable circular economy model carried out in the forest with the principle of protecting the ecological environment. Based on the basic theories of ecology, economics and system engineering, it fully relies on forest resources, gives full play to forest resources, utilizes the ecological environment, and engages in reasonable planting, breeding and deep development activities in the forest. The main connotations include three aspects: adhering to the protection of forest resources and environment, reasonable development and utilization, and obtaining the economic benefits of sustainable circular development.

[0004] The forest economy has rich production and scientific connotations. Industrial advantages, ecological advantages, and application advantages are three important manifestations of the connotation of the forest economy. The industrial advantages are mainly manifested in reducing the pressure on the forestry industry and optimizing the environment. The ecological advantages are mainly reflected in the beneficial effects between organisms. The configuration of forests is conducive to improving natural environmental conditions and creating a good microclimate for crop growth. The application advantages mainly present the formation of industrial complementarity between agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, ensuring that the long history of agricultural and forestry production and various experience and technologies are transplanted into the evergreen broad-leaved forest system, which has practical feasibility and promotion value. At present, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the forestry economy and improving the comprehensive production capacity and quality and efficiency of forestry are also important issues faced by forestry authorities at all levels and the majority of forestry operators. In this context, the forest economy, which aims to improve resource utilization and forest land output, has attracted more attention.

[0005] The serious summary of forest economy and the establishment of its discipline system in foreign countries began in the middle of the 20th century. At present, the concept of forest economy abroad is more inclined to the economic benefits of forest economy, and at the same time, theories of improving diversity and compound forestry development have been proposed. In recent years, the research of foreign scholars has mainly focused on the following five aspects: research on the selection of multi-purpose tree species, research on increasing crop yields, research on improving the growth environment of crops, and research on the interaction and relationship between forests and crops.

[0006] Looking at the development of forest economy in my country, it has gone through a process from primitive to modern development, and its production form has also gone through four development stages: primitive agro-forestry production, traditional agro-forestry production, agro-forestry integrated management, and modern forest economy. Since the 21st century, my country's forest economy has developed rapidly, and more and more scholars have begun to pay attention to forest economy issues. Generally speaking, Chinese scholars have mainly studied forest economy issues from four aspects. First, the meaning of forest economy and the relevant basic theoretical research on its development. Second, the research on forest economy species. Third, the research on forest economy development model and benefit issues. Fourth, the discussion on the main problems and countermeasures in the process of forest economy development. Forest economy is a new forestry production mode and economic phenomenon. It has changed the forestry growth mode and meets the objective requirements of the construction of new rural areas in mountainous areas. At present, forest economy has become an important new growth point in Fujian's forestry economy, which is of great importance to the future development of forestry and has a very promising prospect.

[0007] Although the economic benefits of forest economy have become the mainstream direction of today's social cognition and have achieved a series of results, the forest economy still has problems such as small scale of forest cultivation and breeding, less utilization of forest resources, low level of industrialization, only focusing on primary product development, insufficient in-depth development, short industrial chain, imperfect market development, low degree of organization, and insufficient scientific and technological support. The current technical bottlenecks are mainly manifested in the following four aspects: (1) Forest resource protection issues. (2) Relatively backward technical content and lack of corresponding technical support. (3) Obviously lack of start-up funds. (4) Generally low degree of organization.

[0008] In view of the technical bottleneck of the above-mentioned forest economy, different management measures are adopted to select and cultivate cash crops under precious evergreen broad-leaved forests, significantly improve the yield and quality, drive the people in the soil erosion areas, build high-yield, stable and high-quality cash crop bases, establish an integrated industry chain of planting, processing, marketing and transportation, achieve significant economic and social benefits, and provide scientific and technological support for the construction of broad-leaved forests that achieve win-win results for ecological governance and economic development. However, the optimal configuration mode of understory crop species is still unclear, and there is a lack of systematic quantitative analysis of the ecology and economic benefits of precious broad-leaved forests.

[0009] In summary, it is necessary to develop a method to screen intercropping patterns for economic and ecological benefits of understory planting. Summary of the invention

[0010] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for screening intercropping patterns with economic and ecological benefits of understory planting.

[0011] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method for screening intercropping patterns with economic and ecological benefits for planting under precious forests, characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Setting up sample plots, including setting up sample plots under various “Chinese herbal medicine (Bletilla striata) + planting density” planting patterns; (2) Collecting plot data, including overall plot information and stand factors; (3) Calculate the weights of ecological and economic benefit evaluation indicators using the analytic hierarchy process-entropy method; (4) Evaluate ecological and economic benefits and determine the optimal intercropping pattern.

[0012] In step (1), experimental plots with different planting densities were designed, including three control plots without Bletilla striata planted and three experimental plots with Bletilla striata planted. Three replicate plots were set for each density.

[0013] In step (2), a detailed survey of the sample plots was conducted before and after the planting of Bletilla striata. The survey covered the basic information of the sample plots and stand factors. Specifically, the survey of basic information included the recording of environmental factors (such as altitude, slope, aspect, slope position, soil thickness, temperature, humidity, wind speed) and sample plot attributes (such as forest species, site type, GPS coordinates). The survey of stand factors involved measuring each tree with a breast diameter of more than 5 cm, including measuring the breast diameter, tree height, crown width, crown length and height under branches.

[0014] In step (3), first, a hierarchical structure was constructed to optimize ecological and economic benefits. The target layer of the structure focuses on maximizing ecological and economic benefits. The criterion layer includes multiple indicators to evaluate ecological benefits (such as water conservation, soil conservation, CO2 fixation, nutrient cycling, dust retention, and biodiversity maintenance) and economic benefits (such as annual income). The measure layer proposes three options: prioritizing ecological benefits, prioritizing economic benefits, and balancing ecological and economic benefits. Then, the analytic hierarchy process combined with the entropy method is used to assign weights to each indicator. Finally, the weights obtained by the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method are integrated through the additive synthesis method to calculate the comprehensive weight of each indicator on the target layer, thereby providing a quantitative decision-making basis for selecting the optimal intercropping pattern.

[0015] In step (4), the ecological and economic benefits of each intercropping pattern were comprehensively calculated based on the weights of the ecological and economic benefit evaluation indicators obtained by the hierarchical analysis-entropy method. By comparing the comprehensive benefits of each pattern, the intercropping pattern with the greatest comprehensive benefit was determined as the optimal choice.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Through precise plot design and data collection, the ecological and economic benefits of different intercropping patterns can be more accurately assessed; (2) The analytic hierarchy process-entropy method was used to quantify the ecological and economic benefits, which improved the scientificity and systematicness of the decision-making process; (3) Using the AHP and entropy method simultaneously can not only reduce the subjectivity of the AHP weighting, but also reduce the fluctuation of weights caused by data changes; (4) This intercropping model can flexibly adapt to different forest conditions and management objectives, providing forestry managers with a flexible and efficient forest development strategy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 Flow chart of the method of the present invention Figure 2 Ecological and economic benefits DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. Example 1

[0019] A method for screening intercropping patterns for economic and ecological benefits of understory planting, comprising the following steps: (1) Overview of the pilot area The experimental area is located in Datong Town, Changting County, Fujian Province, with a geographical location of 116°16'-116°30'E, 25°35'-25°46'N. It is a low mountain and hilly landform in western Fujian. It has a mid-subtropical marine monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 17.5℃ and an average annual precipitation of 1650mm. The mountain red soil with developed weathering of coarse-grained granite has a shallow topsoil layer, a large amount of quartz sand on the surface, and poor soil anti-scouring ability. The vegetation belongs to the evergreen oak forest of Bopingling Mountain in western Fujian. The main distributed tree species are Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae, etc. At present, this area is a typical area of ​​red soil erosion in the south, and communities at different succession stages are reflected.

[0020] (2) Setting up sample plots In the experimental area, we divided several sample plots according to the predetermined planting density, including three control group plots without Bletilla striata planted, and experimental group plots planted with Bletilla striata at different densities (2-3 plants / m2, 4-6 plants / m2, and 6-9 plants / m2). Each density was equipped with three replicate plots.

[0021] (3) Data collection and processing Before and after the implementation of Chinese herbal medicine planting, we conducted a comprehensive survey of these plots to collect basic information and stand factor data. The basic information survey of the plots focused on recording environmental factors, including altitude, slope, aspect, slope position, soil thickness, temperature, humidity and wind speed, as well as the attribute information of the plots, such as forest species, site type and GPS coordinates. The stand factor survey was a detailed inspection of each tree with a breast diameter of more than 5 cm, and the measurement indicators included breast diameter, tree height, crown width, crown length and height under branches.

[0022] For ecological benefits, the present invention refers to the "Forest Ecosystem Service Function Evaluation Standard" (LY / T1721-2008) to evaluate the value of different ecosystem service functions. The specific calculation formula and parameters are detailed in Table 1. For economic benefits, the evaluation is based on the actual income of the experimental area. The present invention has statistically calculated the original values ​​of various evaluation indicators of ecological benefits and economic benefits under different intercropping patterns, and the results are detailed in Table 2.

[0023] Table 1 Ecological benefit index evaluation formula and parameters

[0024] Table 2 Calculation results of ecological and economic benefit indicators Plot number Conserving water resources Soil Conservation <![CDATA[Fixed CO2]]> Nutrient Cycle Dust retention function Maintaining biodiversity Average annual income A1 915.31 163.28 374.35 180.29 89.07 200.00 0.00 A2 932.91 159.98 371.00 201.85 99.58 200.00 0.00 A3 958.88 158.42 379.28 223.96 102.21 200.00 0.00 B1 1438.95 239.51 551.95 345.02 158.06 200.00 22666.75 B2 925.29 163.99 382.73 184.96 85.02 200.00 22666.75 B3 949.96 165.93 404.25 195.93 74.24 200.00 22666.75 C1 908.14 160.88 360.74 182.51 99.36 200.00 45333.50 C2 923.32 158.15 358.32 200.77 107.97 200.00 45333.50 C3 972.45 157.53 383.33 235.72 103.86 200.00 45333.50 D1 941.15 158.85 371.07 210.75 102.90 200.00 68000.25 D2 933.34 161.35 376.72 198.12 94.19 200.00 68000.25 D3 978.90 149.79 356.02 262.80 133.11 200.00 68000.25 (4) Calculate weight First, we used the analytic hierarchy process to calculate the weights. We constructed a system containing multiple evaluation indicators and designed a corresponding questionnaire. Through the scores of forestry experts, we determined the relative importance of the factors at each level and established a judgment matrix based on this. Then, we calculated the maximum non-zero eigenvalue of the judgment matrix and its corresponding eigenvector W i , the eigenvector represents the weight of each indicator. To verify the consistency of the judgment matrix, we calculated the maximum eigenvalue λ max , and based on this, the consistency index is derived I c = λ max – n / n -1, where n is the order of the matrix. Ic Average random consistency index I R Compare and get the consistency ratio C R = I c / I R .like C R <0.10, the judgment matrix is ​​considered to have satisfactory consistency; otherwise, the judgment matrix needs to be adjusted.

[0025] Secondly, the entropy method is applied to calculate the weight of each indicator. In the data preprocessing stage, data standardization is implemented to eliminate the impact of dimensional differences. Subsequently, by calculating the proportion of sample values ​​under each indicator, we obtain the entropy value of each indicator. The calculation of the entropy value reveals the discreteness of the indicator, thereby quantifying its information content. Based on this, the information utility value of each indicator is further calculated, and finally the weight based on the entropy method is obtained.

[0026] Finally, the weights obtained by the AHP and entropy methods were integrated using the additive synthesis method to form the combined weights. During the synthesis process, normalization was performed to ensure that the sum of all weights was 1. The results of the comprehensive weights are shown in Table 1.

[0027] Table 3 Combination weights of evaluation indicators based on analytic hierarchy process-entropy method First level indicator Secondary indicators AHP weights Entropy weight Combination weight Ecological benefits Conserving water resources 0.16 0.27 0.21 Ecological benefits Soil Conservation 0.16 0.25 0.20 Ecological benefits <![CDATA[Fixed CO2]]> 0.16 0.15 0.15 Ecological benefits Nutrient Cycle 0.07 0.16 0.11 Ecological benefits Dust retention function 0.07 0.06 0.07 Ecological benefits Maintaining biodiversity functions 0.08 0.00 0.04 Economic Benefits Average annual income 0.32 0.11 0.22 (5) Benefit evaluation and model selection Based on the weights calculated previously, a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological and economic benefits of each intercropping pattern was conducted, and the optimal intercropping pattern was selected for promotion. Figure 2 The results of the ecological and economic benefit indicators of 12 plots are presented, among which the B1 plot (planting density of 2-3 plants / m2) performed best in different indicators of ecological benefit. However, when considering economic benefit, the plot with a planting density of 6-9 plants / m2 showed higher comprehensive benefits. Table 2 further compares the comprehensive benefits of Bletilla striata under different planting densities, including the evaluation of ecological and economic benefits. The analysis results show that with the increase of planting density, the comprehensive benefit shows an upward trend, especially when the planting density reaches 6 to 9 plants per square meter, the maximum comprehensive benefit improvement is observed.

[0028] Table 4 Comprehensive benefits of different planting densities Planting density (plants / square meter) Ecological benefit (yuan) Economic benefit (yuan) Comprehensive benefits (yuan) 0 326.71 0.00 326.71 2~3 384.78 4886.62 5271.40 4~6 325.93 9773.24 10099.17 6~9 331.46 14659.86 14991.33

Claims

1. A method for screening intercropping patterns with economic and ecological benefits under precious broad-leaved forests, It is characterized in that The steps include: (1) Setting up sample plots, including setting up sample plots under various "Chinese herbal medicine (Bletilla striata) + planting density" planting patterns; (2) Collecting plot data, including overall plot information and stand factors; (3) Calculate the weights of ecological and economic benefit evaluation indicators using the analytic hierarchy process-entropy method; (4) Evaluate ecological and economic benefits and determine the optimal intercropping pattern.

2. In step (1), experimental plots with different planting densities were designed. include: There were three control group plots without Bletilla striata planted, and three replicate plots for each density.

3. In step (2), a detailed survey of the sample plots was conducted before and after the planting of Bletilla striata. The survey covered the basic information of the sample plots and stand factors. Specifically, the survey of basic information included the recording of environmental factors (such as altitude, slope, aspect, slope position, soil thickness, temperature, humidity, wind speed) and sample plot attributes (such as forest species, site type, GPS coordinates). The survey of stand factors involved measuring each tree with a breast diameter of more than 5 cm, including measuring the breast diameter, tree height, crown width, crown length and height under branches.

4. In step (3), first, a hierarchical structure is constructed to optimize ecological and economic benefits. The target layer of the structure focuses on maximizing ecological and economic benefits. The criterion layer includes multiple indicators to evaluate ecological benefits (such as water conservation, soil conservation, CO fixation, etc.) 2 , nutrient cycle, dust retention, biodiversity maintenance) and economic benefits (such as annual income). Three options were proposed at the measure level: giving priority to ecological benefits, giving priority to economic benefits, and balancing ecological and economic benefits. Then, the analytic hierarchy process combined with the entropy method was used to assign weights to each indicator. Finally, the weights obtained by the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy method were integrated through the additive synthesis method to calculate the comprehensive weight of each indicator for the target layer, thereby providing a quantitative decision-making basis for selecting the optimal intercropping pattern.

5. In step (4), the ecological and economic benefits of each intercropping pattern were comprehensively calculated based on the weights of the ecological and economic benefit evaluation indicators obtained by the hierarchical analysis-entropy method. By comparing the comprehensive benefits of each pattern, the intercropping pattern with the greatest comprehensive benefit was determined as the optimal choice.

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