Fuel cell system suitable for extreme environment
By introducing battery stack heating components and oxygen recovery components into the fuel cell system, the problem of poor performance of fuel cell system under extreme environments is solved, and stable operation and efficient power conversion are achieved under low temperature and dry conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411212432.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-30
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing fuel cell systems perform poorly in extreme environments (such as low temperature, hypoxia, dryness, severe air pollution), especially when the open cathode stack cannot operate properly at low temperatures, resulting in a drop in power or stopping operation.
The fuel cell system is adopted to include a stack heating assembly, a waste heat utilization assembly and an oxygen recovery assembly. The stack heating assembly maintains the constant temperature of the fuel cell. The waste heat is used to heat hydrogen and oxygen intake pipes. The oxygen recovery assembly separates the exhaust oxygen and re-evacuate the exhaust oxygen. Feed into the fuel cell stack to improve gas utilization.
It realizes the stable operation of the fuel cell in an extreme environment, improves the power density and stability of the stack, can maintain normal operation under low temperature and dry conditions, and extends the service life of the battery system.
Smart Images
Figure CN119133522A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments. Background Art
[0002] As humans pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the renewability and sustainability of resources and energy, especially in some areas of lightweight, long-range, and large-scale energy storage applications, the application of hydrogen fuel cells is becoming more and more popular, and cost reduction and technological iteration are being rapidly realized.
[0003] The air-cooled fuel cell in the prior art closes the anode cavity and supplies fuel gas through the hydrogen inlet channel, while the cathode adopts an open air intake method and provides reaction and heat dissipation air by fan suction. This structure makes the fuel cell power density low; the air cannot be pre-treated, and the power attenuation is serious in environments such as environmental pollution and low temperature; and the dryness and humidity of the proton exchange membrane cannot be guaranteed. It was found in actual tests that after long-term use or testing, the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell stack frequently becomes dry or flooded, and is greatly affected by adverse factors such as ambient temperature, resulting in limited overall efficiency of the fuel cell.
[0004] At the same time, in some extreme environments, such as low temperature, hypoxia, dryness, and severe air pollution, the performance of current open cathode fuel cells and closed cathode air fuels will be seriously affected, or even fail to work. Specifically, the existing open cathode stack cannot work below 0°C, and the performance is poor below low temperature (10°C). The main reason is that it is necessary to use a fan to suck air into the stack, partially participate in the redox reaction with oxygen, and partially provide heat dissipation. When the ambient temperature is low, due to its structural limitations, even if the fan speed is reduced and only the air used for the reaction is retained, the outside air will quickly take away the heat of the stack, resulting in a drop in the stack temperature. According to test data, at 5°C, the power drop of the stack is obvious, which may be 50%-60% of the rated power; at -2°C, the stack cannot be turned on, even if the fan PWM is adjusted to the lowest, the stack will soon freeze inside and stop running. In view of this, the present invention provides a fuel cell system suitable for extreme environments. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, so as to solve the problem of poor performance of fuel cells in the prior art.
[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
[0007] A fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments comprises a fuel cell stack, a battery stack heating assembly, a waste heat utilization assembly for heating a hydrogen inlet pipe and an oxygen inlet pipe of the fuel cell system, and an oxygen recovery assembly, wherein the battery stack heating assembly is arranged in the fuel cell stack, the waste heat utilization assembly is connected to a fan outlet, a hydrogen inlet pipe and an oxygen inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack, one end of the oxygen recovery assembly is connected to an oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the oxygen recovery assembly is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe.
[0008] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the waste heat utilization component includes a cover body and heat-conducting fins, a portion of the cover body is connected to the fan outlet of the fuel cell stack, the heat-conducting fins are placed in the cover body, the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe are inserted into the through holes of the heat-conducting fins, and the through holes of the heat-conducting fins are fitted with the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe passing therethrough.
[0009] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the fuel cell stack heating assembly includes a startup heating group for heating the fuel cell stack when the ambient temperature is lower than a set value and an auxiliary heating group for maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
[0010] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the battery stack heating assembly further includes a battery or a capacitor, and the startup heating group is electrically connected to the battery or the capacitor.
[0011] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the auxiliary heating group is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack.
[0012] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the oxygen recovery component includes an oxygen outlet pipe, an oxygen buffer tank and an oxygen circulation pump, one end of the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe, the oxygen buffer tank is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe, and the oxygen circulation pump is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe and is located on the side where the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe.
[0013] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, a one-way valve, a gas-liquid separator and a liquid level gauge are provided in the oxygen buffer tank, the one-way valve is provided at the air inlet of the oxygen buffer tank, a drain pipe is provided at the lower part of the oxygen buffer tank, and a drain solenoid valve is provided on the drain pipe.
[0014] The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments further includes a hydrogen storage bottle and an oxygen storage bottle. The hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the fuel cell stack via a hydrogen inlet pipe, and the oxygen storage bottle is connected to the fuel cell stack via an oxygen inlet pipe.
[0015] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, the gas outlets of the hydrogen storage bottle and the oxygen storage bottle are both provided with pressure reducing valves.
[0016] In the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, both the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe are provided with stack inlet solenoid valves.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention uses a fuel cell stack heating component to maintain a constant temperature of the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell can be used in low-temperature environments. The waste heat utilization component also uses the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to heat the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe to increase the temperature of hydrogen and oxygen entering the fuel cell stack, thereby improving the reaction speed of the fuel cell stack. The oxygen exhaust gas generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack is separated into gas and water through the oxygen recovery component, and the separated oxygen is then guided to the oxygen inlet pipe, and finally sent to the fuel cell stack together with pure oxygen to improve the utilization rate of oxygen. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention.
[0020] Figure 3 A circuit schematic diagram of the heat-conducting fins in a fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention.
[0021] Description of Reference Numerals
[0022] Fuel cell stack 1, end plate 10, hydrogen inlet 11, oxygen inlet 12, hydrogen outlet 13, oxygen outlet 14, battery stack heating component 2, start-up heating group 21, auxiliary heating group 22, waste heat utilization component 3, heat-conducting fins 31, oxygen recovery component 4, oxygen outlet pipe 41, oxygen buffer tank 42, oxygen circulation pump 43, drain pipe 44, drain solenoid valve 45, hydrogen inlet pipe 5, oxygen inlet pipe 6, hydrogen storage bottle 7, hydrogen circuit 70, pressure reducing valve 71, stack inlet solenoid valve 72, hydrogen pulse solenoid valve 73, oxygen storage bottle 8, oxygen circuit 80, oxygen pulse solenoid valve 81 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
[0024] The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention uses an oxygen recovery component to send tail exhaust oxygen back into the fuel cell stack for reuse to improve gas utilization. A battery stack heating component is also used and turned on before the fuel cell is started to melt ice inside the fuel cell stack to prevent blockage of the gas channel. At the same time, the fuel cell stack can be kept at a constant temperature, so that the fuel cell can be suitable for use in extreme environments.
[0025] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention comprises a fuel cell stack 1, a battery stack heating component 2, a waste heat utilization component 3 and an oxygen recovery component 4 for heating a hydrogen inlet pipe 5 and an oxygen inlet pipe 6 of the fuel cell system, wherein the battery stack heating component 2 is arranged in the fuel cell stack 1, the waste heat utilization component 3 is connected to the fan outlet, the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 and the oxygen inlet pipe 6 of the fuel cell stack 1, one end of the oxygen recovery component 4 is connected to the oxygen outlet 14 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end of the oxygen recovery component 4 is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe 6, the oxygen tail gas generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack 1 is separated into gas and water through the oxygen recovery component 4, and the separated oxygen is then led to the oxygen inlet pipe 6, and finally sent to the fuel cell stack 1 together with pure oxygen to improve gas utilization.
[0026] In this embodiment, the structure of the fuel cell stack 1 is a closed cathode, the oxidant is pure oxygen, and the fuel is pure hydrogen, so the fuel cell stack 1 is a closed cathode pure oxygen fuel cell stack, the end plate 10 of the fuel cell is provided with a hydrogen inlet 11 and an oxygen inlet 12, a hydrogen outlet 13 and an oxygen outlet 14 on the end plate 10, and the fuel cell stack 1 is provided with an anode plate flow channel (not shown in the figure), a cathode plate oxygen flow channel (not shown in the figure), a hydrogen common flow channel (not shown in the figure) and an oxygen common flow channel (not shown in the figure), which constitute the hydrogen and oxygen closed flow channel inside the fuel cell, and realize the isolation of the reaction channel, reactants, and reaction interface of the fuel cell stack 1 from the outside world. Due to the characteristics of generating a large amount of heat and water when the fuel cell is working, the closed cathode pure oxygen fuel cell stack can work in extremely low temperature (below 30°C), extremely dry (relative humidity is less than 5%), and severe air pollution scenes.
[0027] In this embodiment, through the closed structure design of the cathode and the anode, a closed oxygen and hydrogen flow path is formed through the gas inlet of the inlet end plate 10, the current collecting plate (not shown in the figure), the gas common channel of the bipolar plate (not shown in the figure) and the membrane electrode (not shown in the figure), and the gas flow channel of the bipolar plate. A cooling air flow channel is provided on the other side of the anode hydrogen flow channel of the fuel cell stack 1, so as to realize the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell stack 1 and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack 1, and realize the isolation of the reaction of the fuel cell stack 1 from the external environment.
[0028] The present invention uses pure oxygen instead of air as an oxidant to carry out redox reactions to achieve isolation from the environment. The electric power, thermal power and water production per unit area are greatly improved, so that the power density and stability of the fuel cell stack are greatly improved.
[0029] Among them, the fuel cell can be kept at a constant temperature by the battery stack heating component 2, so that the fuel cell can be suitable for low-temperature environments. The waste heat utilization component 3 also utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 to heat the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 and the oxygen inlet pipe 6, thereby increasing the temperature of hydrogen and oxygen entering the fuel cell stack 1, thereby reducing the reaction time of hydrogen and oxygen and accelerating the conversion of electrical energy.
[0030] In order to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell in extreme environments, the fuel cell system also includes a BOP component (Balance of Plant, which is the assembly of auxiliary components in the system except the fuel cell stack, referring to the non-battery components of the hydrogen fuel cell system, including hydrogen storage, hydrogen distribution, hydrogen generator, wet filter, water generator, insulator, coolant system, control and monitoring system, etc.) to achieve low-temperature start-up and water thermal management so that the fuel cell system suitable for extreme environments can be used in a variety of extreme environments such as low-temperature (-30°C) power supply scenarios.
[0031] Please also read Figure 3 The waste heat utilization component 3 includes a cover body (not shown in the figure) and a heat-conducting fin 31. A part of the cover body is connected to the fan outlet of the fuel cell stack 1. The heat-conducting fin 31 is placed in the cover body. The hydrogen intake pipe 5 and the oxygen intake pipe 6 are inserted in the through holes of the heat-conducting fin 31. The through holes of the heat-conducting fin 31 are fitted with the hydrogen intake pipe 5 and the oxygen intake pipe 6 passing therethrough. The heat discharged by the fan of the fuel cell stack 1 can fully contact the hydrogen intake pipe 5 and the oxygen intake pipe 6 along the heat-conducting fin 31 through the heat-conducting fin 31, so as to heat the hydrogen and oxygen in the pipe, thereby realizing the heating and utilization of the waste heat of the fuel cell stack 1 for the intake hydrogen and oxygen. The cover body can avoid heat diffusion, so as to assist the heat-conducting fin 31 in evenly transferring heat to the hydrogen pipe and the oxygen pipe, thereby heating the hydrogen and oxygen.
[0032] The material of the heat-conducting fin 31 is a metal material with high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, etc. In this embodiment, the heat-conducting fin 31 is a spiral heat-conducting fin 31, which can increase the heat exchange area, fully improve the efficiency of heat exchange, make full use of the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1, and achieve efficient use of fuel energy. In this embodiment, the heat-conducting fin 31 is provided on the hydrogen intake pipe 5 and the oxygen intake pipe 6 to achieve the effect of maximally heating the hydrogen and oxygen.
[0033] Optionally, the diameter of the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 or the oxygen inlet pipe 6 is less than 1CM, and the height of the heat-conducting fins 31 can be greater than the diameter of the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 or the oxygen inlet pipe 6 to balance the heat of the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 or the oxygen inlet pipe 6.
[0034] Among them, a cooling air flow channel (not shown in the figure) is also provided in the fuel cell stack 1 for dissipating heat from the fuel cell stack 1. The fan is located at the entrance of the cooling air flow channel. The hot air in the fuel cell stack 1 is discharged by the fan, so that the heat is heated by the heat conducting fins 31 in the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 and the oxygen inlet pipe 6.
[0035] The battery stack heating component 2 includes a starting heating group 21 for heating the fuel cell stack 1 when the ambient temperature is lower than a set value, and an auxiliary heating group 22 for maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1. The starting heating group 21 is turned on before the fuel cell stack 1 is started, and can melt ice inside the fuel cell stack 1, thereby preventing blockage of the gas channel. During the operation of the fuel cell, the auxiliary heating group 22 is used to judge the opening and closing according to the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1. When the heat generated by the fuel cell stack 1 during operation cannot maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1, it is judged that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is lower than the set threshold, and the auxiliary heating group 22 is turned on to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0036] The battery stack heating assembly 2 also includes a battery (not shown in the figure) or a capacitor (not shown in the figure), and the starting heating group 21 is electrically connected to the battery or the capacitor, and the starting heating group 21 is powered by the battery or the capacitor to ensure that the fuel cell stack 1 can start and operate.
[0037] The auxiliary heating group 22 is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack 1. When the fuel cell stack 1 is started, the fuel cell stack 1 supplies power to the auxiliary heating group 22 to reduce the load of the battery or capacitor and extend its service life.
[0038] Specifically, the starting heating group 21 and the auxiliary heating group 22 are both electric heating wires or electric heating rods. The switching logic of the starting heating group 21 is: when the ambient temperature is lower than the set threshold, the starting heating group 21 is turned on for heating before the fuel cell stack 1 is started, and when the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the output power threshold, the starting heating group 21 is turned off; the switching logic of the auxiliary heating group 22 is: it is turned on after the temperature of the fuel cell body is lower than the set threshold, and it is turned off when it is higher than the set threshold.
[0039] Please continue reading Figure 2The oxygen recovery assembly 4 includes an oxygen outlet pipe 41, an oxygen buffer tank 42 and an oxygen circulation pump 43. One end of the oxygen outlet pipe 41 is connected to the oxygen outlet 14 of the fuel cell stack 1, and the other end of the oxygen outlet pipe 41 is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe 6. The oxygen buffer tank 42 is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe 41. The oxygen circulation pump 43 is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe 41 and is located on the side where the oxygen outlet pipe 41 is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe 6. When the fuel cell is running, the oxygen tail gas is pumped into the oxygen buffer tank 42 by the oxygen circulation pump 43 for gas-water separation, and then the separated oxygen is guided to the oxygen inlet pipe 6, and finally sent to the fuel cell stack 1 together with pure oxygen to improve the gas utilization efficiency. The oxygen outlet pipe 41 is also provided with an oxygen pulse solenoid valve 81. The oxygen pulse solenoid valve 81 is in a normally closed state after the fuel cell body is started, and its pulse frequency and exhaust time are determined by the operating power of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0040] Among them, the key parameters of the oxygen circulation pump 43, such as pressure, gas flow, power consumption, etc., are matched according to the rated power of the fuel cell and the oxygen end intake pressure requirements. The general pressure is 60-100kPa; the flow rate is the rated flow rate of oxygen with a certain margin.
[0041] The oxygen buffer tank 42 is made of stainless steel and has a tank structure. Different requirements are imposed on thickness and sealing properties depending on whether it is subjected to pressure or normal pressure. Its function is to collect gas and buffer the pressure fluctuations of the system, so that the system works more smoothly. The oxygen buffer tank 42 of this system integrates the functions of collecting tail exhaust oxygen, separating steam and water, dissipating heat, and draining water regularly. Specifically, a one-way valve (not shown in the figure), a gas-liquid separator (not shown in the figure), and a liquid level gauge (not shown in the figure) are arranged in the oxygen buffer tank 42. The one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet of the oxygen buffer tank 42 to prevent oxygen from flowing back. A drain pipe 44 is arranged at the bottom of the oxygen buffer tank 42. A drain solenoid valve 45 is arranged on the drain pipe 44. The water brought out by the oxygen can be discharged regularly according to the liquid level height in the oxygen buffer tank 42 through the liquid level gauge and the drain solenoid valve 45. Specifically, the function of the oxygen buffer tank 42 is to separate the water from the oxygen containing a large amount of water discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 and store the water level in the buffer tank. The water level in the buffer tank is monitored by a liquid level meter, and the water supply and drainage solenoid valve 45 is output for regular drainage. The separated oxygen is sent back to the oxygen inlet pipe 6 through the oxygen circulation pump 43 for reuse.
[0042] The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments also includes a hydrogen storage bottle 7 and an oxygen storage bottle 8. The hydrogen storage bottle 7 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 via a hydrogen inlet pipe 5, and the oxygen storage bottle 8 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1 via an oxygen inlet pipe 6. The gas outlets of the hydrogen storage bottle 7 and the oxygen storage bottle 8 are both provided with pressure reducing valves 71; the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 and the oxygen inlet pipe 6 are both provided with stack inlet solenoid valves 72 to control the opening and closing of hydrogen and oxygen.
[0043] The present invention supplies hydrogen and oxygen to the anode and cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 respectively through the hydrogen storage bottle 7 and the oxygen storage bottle 8, and the cathode of the fuel cell stack 1 is supplied with oxygen stored in the oxygen storage bottle 8, and the anode is supplied with hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage bottle 7, so that the hydrogen-oxygen reaction in the fuel cell stack 1 is completely isolated from the outside world, and it can generate heat and water by itself during the reaction, and can operate stably without being affected by the external environment, thereby realizing low-temperature start-up and hydrothermal management, so that the fuel cell system suitable for extreme environments can achieve stable and long-life operation in a variety of extreme environments such as low temperature (-30°C), dryness (relative humidity below 5%), high temperature (40°C), high humidity (relative humidity above 95%), poor air quality, etc., and has good application value and market prospects in these power supply scenarios.
[0044] Furthermore, the fuel cell has a hydrogen path 70 and an oxygen path 80. The hydrogen path 70 is composed of a hydrogen storage bottle 7, a pressure reducing valve 71, a stack inlet solenoid valve 72, and a hydrogen pulse solenoid valve 73 provided on the fuel cell stack 1. The hydrogen storage bottle 7 stores high-pressure hydrogen, and the pressure reducing valve 71 reduces the pressure to a suitable pressure (generally 0.5-1 bar). The stack inlet solenoid valve 72 on the hydrogen inlet pipe 5 is in a normally open state after the fuel cell stack 1 is started, and the hydrogen pulse solenoid valve 73 is in a normally closed state. Its pulse frequency and exhaust duration are determined by the operating power of the fuel cell stack 1. Specifically, when the fuel cell stack 1 is working, the stack inlet solenoid valve 72 is normally open (hydrogen inlet end), hydrogen is always flowing in the fuel cell stack 1, and the charge on the current collecting plate of the fuel cell stack 1 is always present and in a fully charged state. It takes as much as it is used. When there is no charge, the fuel cell stack 1 reacts and replenishes. The hydrogen pulsating solenoid valve 73 (hydrogen exhaust end) is normally closed and opens periodically to discharge the hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 1 in a pulsed manner, thereby taking out the water generated by the anode. When the fuel cell stack 1 is running at low power, less water is generated, so the time interval of the regular discharge of the hydrogen pulsating solenoid valve 73 is long, and the duration of each pulsating is short. On the contrary, when the power increases, more water is generated per unit time, the pulsating time interval of the hydrogen pulsating solenoid valve 73 is short, and the pulsating time is long.
[0045] The oxygen circuit 80 is composed of an oxygen storage bottle 8, a pressure reducing valve 71, an inlet solenoid valve 72 and an oxygen pulse solenoid valve 81, an oxygen buffer tank 42 and an oxygen circulation pump 43, wherein the oxygen storage bottle 8 is used to store high-pressure oxygen (due to the high activity of oxygen, it is generally not suitable to be higher than 20MPa), and the pressure reducing valve 71 reduces the oxygen to a suitable pressure (generally slightly lower than the hydrogen pressure). The inlet solenoid valve 72 on the oxygen inlet pipe 6 is in a normally open state after the fuel cell stack 1 is started, and the oxygen pulse solenoid valve 81 is in a normally closed state, and its pulse frequency and exhaust duration are determined by the operating power of the fuel cell stack 1.
[0046] In summary, the fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments provided by the present invention uses a battery stack heating component to keep the fuel cell at a constant temperature, so that the fuel cell can be used in a low-temperature environment. The waste heat utilization component utilizes the heat generated by the fuel cell stack to heat the hydrogen intake pipe and the oxygen intake pipe to reduce the reaction time of hydrogen and oxygen and accelerate the operation of the battery. The oxygen tail gas generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack is also separated into gas and water through the oxygen recovery component, and the separated oxygen is then guided to the oxygen intake pipe, and finally sent to the fuel cell stack together with pure oxygen to improve the gas utilization efficiency.
[0047] It is understandable that those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, and all these changes or substitutions should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.
Claims
1. A fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments, characterized in that: It includes a fuel cell stack, a battery stack heating component, a waste heat utilization component for heating the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe of the fuel cell system, and an oxygen recovery component. The battery stack heating component is arranged in the fuel cell stack, the waste heat utilization component is connected to the fan outlet, the hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe of the fuel cell stack, one end of the oxygen recovery component is connected to the oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the oxygen recovery component is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe.
2. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste heat utilization component includes a cover body and heat-conducting fins, a part of the cover body is connected to the fan outlet of the fuel cell stack, the heat-conducting fins are placed in the cover body, the hydrogen intake pipe and the oxygen intake pipe are inserted into the through holes of the heat-conducting fins, and the through holes of the heat-conducting fins are fitted with the hydrogen intake pipe and the oxygen intake pipe passing through them.
3. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell stack heating assembly includes a startup heating group for heating the fuel cell stack when the ambient temperature is lower than a set value and an auxiliary heating group for maintaining the temperature of the fuel cell stack.
4. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery stack heating assembly also includes a battery or a capacitor, and the startup heating group is electrically connected to the battery or the capacitor.
5. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The auxiliary heating group is electrically connected to the fuel cell stack.
6. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oxygen recovery component includes an oxygen outlet pipe, an oxygen buffer tank and an oxygen circulation pump. One end of the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the other end of the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe. The oxygen buffer tank is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe, and the oxygen circulation pump is arranged on the oxygen outlet pipe and is located on the side where the oxygen outlet pipe is connected to the oxygen inlet pipe.
7. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 6, characterized in that: A one-way valve, a gas-liquid separator and a liquid level gauge are arranged in the oxygen buffer tank. The one-way valve is arranged at the air inlet of the oxygen buffer tank. A drain pipe is arranged at the lower part of the oxygen buffer tank. A drain solenoid valve is arranged on the drain pipe.
8. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a hydrogen storage bottle and an oxygen storage bottle. The hydrogen storage bottle is connected to the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen inlet pipe, and the oxygen storage bottle is connected to the fuel cell stack through an oxygen inlet pipe.
9. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The gas outlets of the hydrogen storage bottle and the oxygen storage bottle are both provided with pressure reducing valves.
10. The fuel cell system suitable for use in extreme environments according to claim 8, characterized in that: The hydrogen inlet pipe and the oxygen inlet pipe are both provided with stack inlet solenoid valves.