Industrialized production method of soft-shell eriocheir sinensis

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to an industrialized production method of soft-shell eriocheir sinensis. The soft-shell crab breeding method comprises the steps that a circulating water breeding device is constructed, specifically, the breeding device comprises a breeding pond and a circulating water assembly, and the circulating water assembly is communicated with the breeding pond so that water in the breeding pond can circularly flow between the circulating water assembly and the breeding pond; soft-shell crab stocking: monitoring the water quality in the culture pond, and selecting and putting to-be-molted crabs into the culture pond when a preset condition is met; and collection and storage: monitoring the crabs, collecting the crabs within 24 hours after the crabs are unshelled, and performing quick-freezing storage. According to the method, the soft-shell crabs are bred in the circulating water structure, a quick-freezing mode is combined, mass production and storage of the soft-shell crabs are achieved, and the output efficiency and the product quality of the soft-shell crabs are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and specifically relates to a factory-based production method of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Background Art

[0002] The exoskeleton of crabs is composed of chitin, protein and lipid. This hard shell not only protects the soft tissue inside, enables it to adapt to the changing external environment and defend against natural enemies, but also gives crabs the ability to move on land. However, due to the lack of ductility of the exoskeleton, as the crabs grow, the original exoskeleton will gradually restrict their further growth and development. Therefore, in the life cycle of crabs, they must undergo multiple molting processes to adapt to the growth of their bodies. Molting is an indispensable part of the growth, development and reproduction of crabs. It includes metamorphosis molting in the larval stage, growth molting in the growth period and reproductive molting in the reproductive period. During the molting process, crabs will shed their old hard exoskeleton and be replaced by a new, temporary soft exoskeleton, which is more fragile before hardening. During the hardening process of the new exoskeleton, the crabs' ability to move is temporarily limited, and the new exoskeleton does not yet have complete protective functions, which makes crabs extremely vulnerable to attacks by predators during this period. In addition, the molting process also promotes the regeneration of damaged tissues and missing appendages.

[0003] Because the new shell of the crab will gradually harden when it comes into contact with water a few hours after molting. Soft-shell crabs refer to crabs that are soft all over within a few hours of molting. During this special stage, the shell of the crab is soft, so they are specially called "soft-shell crabs". Soft-shell crabs have become precious ingredients in the field of gourmet food due to their unique texture and flavor. Soft-shell crabs have become a potential market field due to their unique edible value and market demand. During the molting period, the soft-shell crab has a soft shell, plump meat, and delicate taste, which is deeply loved by gourmet lovers. With the improvement of cold chain logistics technology, fresh and frozen soft-shell crabs can be quickly delivered from the place of production to the consumer's table, maintaining the freshness and flavor of the ingredients. The market demand for soft-shell crabs has been growing steadily, especially in economically developed areas with high consumption levels, such as coastal cities in East China and South China. There are various cooking methods for soft-shell crabs, and deep-frying and typhoon shelter are recommended. Soft-shell crabs still maintain their soft shell characteristics after cooking. In the future, the soft-shell crab market will pay more attention to sustainable fishing and product innovation to meet considerations of resource protection and ecological balance, while attracting a wider consumer group.

[0004] Traditional soft-shell crab production methods are usually carried out in open waters. This method has problems such as difficult to control water quality, high risk of disease transmission, low breeding efficiency, and uncontrollable soft-shell crab production. Summary of the invention

[0005] Therefore, the present application provides a method for producing soft-shell crabs, especially a factory-based production method, which can solve the problem of uncontrollable soft-shell crab production in the prior art of breeding soft-shell crabs, especially Chinese mitten crabs, in open waters. In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for producing soft-shell crabs, especially a factory-based production method, comprising:

[0006] Constructing a circulating water aquaculture device: the aquaculture device comprises a breeding pond and a circulating water component, the circulating water component is connected to the breeding pond, so that water in the breeding pond circulates between the circulating water component and the breeding pond;

[0007] Stocking soft-shell crabs: monitoring the water quality in the breeding pond, and selecting crabs that are about to molt and putting them into the breeding pond when the water quality reaches the preset conditions;

[0008] Storage: The crabs were monitored, collected within 24 hours after molting, and quickly frozen for storage.

[0009] In some embodiments,

[0010] The circulating water component comprises a filter element and a sterilizer element, which filters and sterilizes the circulating water.

[0011] In some embodiments,

[0012] A plurality of flexible net baskets are arranged in the breeding pond, and during the breeding process of the soft-shell crabs, each crab is placed in one of the net baskets for breeding.

[0013] In some embodiments,

[0014] The soft-shell crab production method also includes a visual identification system for monitoring the growth process of the crab.

[0015] In some embodiments,

[0016] A ground cage is arranged in the breeding pond, and aquatic plants are planted in the ground cage.

[0017] In some embodiments,

[0018] The crabs that are about to molt include crabs that are about to start molting for the third time.

[0019] In some embodiments,

[0020] The quick-frozen storage comprises storing the soft-shell crab in a storage container at a temperature of -20°C or less.

[0021] Preferably, the soft-shell crab described in the present invention is the Chinese mitten crab.

[0022] This application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] By cultivating soft-shell crabs in a circulating water structure and combining it with a quick-freezing method, a method for mass production and storage of soft-shell crabs is achieved, which is suitable for factory production and improves the output efficiency and product quality of soft-shell crabs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the implementation methods or the prior art descriptions. The drawings described below are merely exemplary, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a process flow chart of the production method of soft-shell crabs according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present application and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] See also Figure 1 As shown, according to the embodiment of the present application, a factory-based production method of Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab is described, comprising:

[0028] Constructing a circulating water aquaculture device: the aquaculture device comprises a breeding pond and a circulating water component, the circulating water component is connected to the breeding pond, so that water in the breeding pond circulates between the circulating water component and the breeding pond;

[0029] Stocking soft-shell crabs: monitoring the water quality in the breeding pond, and selecting crabs that are about to molt and putting them into the breeding pond when the water quality reaches the preset conditions;

[0030] Storage: The crabs were monitored, collected within 24 hours after molting, and quickly frozen for storage.

[0031] The present application cultivates soft-shell crabs in a circulating water structure and combines the quick freezing method to achieve a method for mass production and storage of soft-shell crabs, thereby improving the output efficiency and product quality of soft-shell crabs.

[0032] The purpose of constructing a recirculating water aquaculture device is to provide a recirculating water aquaculture system for the factory-scale production of soft-shell crabs. The system mainly includes source water treatment, circulating power, soft-shell crab aquaculture ponds and water quality control. By monitoring the water quality data of the soft-shell crab system, the working state of the recirculating water system is adjusted to meet the optimal aquaculture water quality conditions for soft-shell crab production.

[0033] The present application performs quick freezing treatment within a preset time after the crab molts, at which time the hardening process of the crab shell will be suspended, making the crab shell soft.

[0034] In some embodiments,

[0035] The circulating water component comprises a filter element and a sterilizer element, which filters and sterilizes the circulating water.

[0036] Filters and sterilizers are provided in the circulating water assembly to filter and sterilize the circulating water; specifically, the filters may include physical filtration: removing solid particles in the water through mechanical filtration devices; and biological filtration: using microorganisms to decompose organic matter in the water to maintain water quality.

[0037] The sterilization component may specifically be a sterilization system which uses ultraviolet technology to regularly disinfect the water body.

[0038] In some embodiments,

[0039] A plurality of flexible net baskets are arranged in the breeding pond, and during the breeding process of the soft-shell crabs, each crab is placed in one of the net baskets for breeding.

[0040] Flexible net baskets are used in the breeding ponds, and only one Chinese mitten crab is placed in each net basket to avoid being attacked and injured by other crabs after molting.

[0041] In some embodiments,

[0042] The production method also includes a visual identification system for monitoring the growth process of the crab.

[0043] The use of a visual identification system reduces labor costs through automation technology and improves monitoring efficiency and accuracy.

[0044] In some embodiments,

[0045] A ground cage is arranged in the breeding pond, and aquatic plants are planted in the ground cage.

[0046] Setting up ground cages in the breeding pond to cultivate aquatic plants can purify the water quality, provide a clean water environment, and be beneficial to the success rate of breeding Chinese mitten crabs and soft-shell crabs.

[0047] In some embodiments,

[0048] The Chinese mitten crab that is about to molt includes the crab that is about to start molting for the third time.

[0049] Based on the fact that the soft-shelled Chinese mitten crab has several molting processes, the present application uses the crabs that are about to molt for the third time for quick freezing, so that the crabs are large in size and rich in nutrition.

[0050] In some embodiments,

[0051] The quick-freezing storage comprises storing the Chinese mitten crab in a storage container at a temperature of -20°C or less.

[0052] Using storage containers at -20°C or less to store Chinese mitten crabs can reduce the freezing time and improve the softness of the soft-shell crabs.

[0053] The following is a detailed description of this application.

[0054] 1. Construction of circulating water system:

[0055] Power system: includes water pump and air pump, used to maintain water circulation and provide sufficient oxygen.

[0056] Breeding pond: Designed as a multi-layer long glass breeding pond, each pond is used for soft-shell crabs.

[0057] Physical filtration: Removal of solid particles from water through mechanical filtration devices.

[0058] Biological filtration: Use microorganisms to decompose organic matter in water and maintain water quality.

[0059] Sterilization system: Use ultraviolet technology to disinfect water bodies regularly.

[0060] Source water treatment system: adjust water quality, such as pH value, hardness, etc., through chemical or physical methods to meet the growth needs of soft-shell crabs.

[0061] 2. The breeding process of Chinese mitten crab soft shell crab:

[0062] Water quality requirements: Regularly test water quality parameters to ensure optimal conditions for the growth of Chinese mitten crabs.

[0063] Acquisition time: After the crabs enter the pond in spring, when they are about to start molting for the third time, we start collecting the crabs that are about to molt. The evaluation criteria for crabs that are about to molt are that their body color becomes darker, yellowish brown or dark brown, their walking legs are hard, cracks have appeared in the connection between the walking legs, and their plastron is yellowish brown.

[0064] Breeding process: After the molting crabs enter the system, each crab is placed individually in a plastic breeding frame in a glass breeding pond to keep the water quality stable.

[0065] Soft-shell crab identification: After farmed crabs molt, the identification system they carry can quickly identify soft-shell crabs using imaging technology.

[0066] Storage: After identification, immediately remove the soft-shell crabs, place them in a storage container, and store them in a -20℃ quick freezer.

[0067] The method for cultivating Chinese mitten crabs and soft-shell crabs in a circulating water system of the present application has the following advantages:

[0068] (1) This application establishes a factory-based production method for soft-shell crabs, which improves the output efficiency and product quality of soft-shell crabs.

[0069] (2) This application adopts a closed-loop aquaculture model, which reduces the risk of disease transmission and reduces the impact on the environment.

[0070] (3) This application adopts a visual recognition system and reduces labor costs through automation technology.

[0071] The following is a specific embodiment for illustrating the method for culturing soft-shell crabs in a circulating water system of the present application.

[0072] 1. Construction of a Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab production workshop

[0073] The soft-shell crab workshop is divided into four main functional areas: the main structure area of ​​the workshop, the soft-shell crab breeding area, the water treatment area, and the intelligent equipment area. The main structure area of ​​the workshop includes the standardized soft-shell crab workshop, the top glass greenhouse structure, and the controllable sunshade structure. The standardized workshop is 2,000 square meters and is a two-story full-frame steel structure; the top glass greenhouse and controllable sunshade can be used for sunlight in winter, increase indoor temperature, and reduce energy consumption.

[0074] 2. Equipment configuration of Chinese mitten crab soft shell crab system:

[0075] The soft-shell crab system has built a water treatment system, 2,952 network boxes, a river crab sorting machine, two automatic feeding / cleaning robots, a lake water purification sedimentation tank, a pump station (groundwater source hot and cold water unit), a biological purification tank, a water distribution tank, a main control console (including a digital control system), and a drum filter. The actual functional configuration of each main facility in the workshop is shown in Table 1.

[0076] Table 1

[0077]

[0078] 3. Construction of Chinese mitten crab and soft-shell crab breeding facilities

[0079] The Chinese mitten crab and soft-shell crab breeding facilities are standardized strip glass breeding tanks and their supporting steel frames, water grass planting devices and soft-shell crab breeding grid units. Among them, the specifications of the strip glass breeding tanks are 4 meters × 1 meter × 1 meter, with 5 layers in a row, 4 strips in total, and 3 layers in each row. There are 60 strip glass breeding tanks in the entire soft-shell crab breeding area. Water grasses are planted in a soilless cage method, with one cage in each breeding tank. The soft-shell crab breeding grid is a homemade plastic grid, which is specially used for the production of soft-shell crabs.

[0080] 4. Circulating water process flow:

[0081] After high-quality lake water is introduced into the system, it is filtered in the sedimentation tank and the subsequent sand filter tank. The filtered lake water enters the circulating water system, which not only preserves the trace elements and microbial substances (algae, etc.) necessary for the growth of river crabs in the lake water, but also precipitates and filters out large suspended particles, making the water quality fully meet the needs of soft-shell crab production. The system is equipped with a self-circulating system, which physically and biologically filters the aquaculture water flowing out of the aquaculture glass tank, sterilizes it, and oxygenates it before it re-enters the system, truly realizing a controllable aquaculture environment and zero discharge of tail water. The process flow is as follows: Figure 1 .

[0082] 5. Example of Chinese mitten crab (soft-shell crab) farming:

[0083] The Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab system was officially put into production in 2024. It has produced two batches of Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab products and has formed a relatively complete Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab production process. The standardized production process of Chinese mitten crab soft-shell crab mainly includes the following main parts: identification and capture of crabs about to molt, circulating water system breeding of crabs about to molt, intelligent identification of molting crabs, deep freezing technology and preservation of soft-shell crabs.

[0084] It is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the above-mentioned implementation modes can be freely combined and superimposed without conflict.

[0085] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and variations can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application, and these improvements and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for producing soft-shell crabs, especially a factory production method, It is characterized in that include: Constructing a circulating water aquaculture device: the aquaculture device comprises a breeding pond and a circulating water component, the circulating water component is connected to the breeding pond, so that water in the breeding pond circulates between the circulating water component and the breeding pond; Stocking soft-shell crabs: monitoring the water quality in the breeding pond, and selecting crabs that are about to molt and putting them into the breeding pond when the water quality reaches the preset conditions; Storage: The crabs were monitored, collected within 24 hours after molting, and quickly frozen for storage.

2. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to claim 1, Features: The circulating water component comprises a filter element and a sterilizer element, which filters and sterilizes the circulating water.

3. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to claim 2, Features: A plurality of flexible net baskets are arranged in the breeding pond, and during the breeding process of the soft-shell crabs, each crab is placed in one of the net baskets for breeding.

4. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Features: The soft-shell crab production method also includes a visual identification system for monitoring the growth process of the crab.

5. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to claim 4, Features: A ground cage is arranged in the breeding pond, and aquatic plants are planted in the ground cage.

6. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to claim 1, Features: The crabs that are about to molt include crabs that are about to start molting for the third time.

7. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to claim 1, Features: The quick-frozen storage comprises storing the soft-shell crab in a storage container at a temperature of -20°C or less.

8. The method for producing soft-shell crab according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Features: The soft-shell crab is the Chinese mitten crab.

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